Statistical Methods Assignment
Uploaded by
Akanksha kurmiStatistical Methods Assignment
Uploaded by
Akanksha kurmiNANAJI DESHMUKH VETERINARY SCIENCE UNIVERSITY , JABLPUR
COLLEGE OF FISHERY SCIEMCE , JABALPUR
SUBJECT – STATISTICAL METHODS
( STM 501 )
TOPIC – NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
Submitted to – Submitted by
Dr. Mohan Singh Akanksha kurmi
Assistant professor, MFSc , 2nd sem
Veterinary College FRM deptt
Jabalpur J/F/M/02/2020
INTRODUCTION
• It is the most important probability distribution in statistics for independent, random variables.
• The normal distribution describes how the values of a variable are distributed.
• Also called the Gaussian Distribution
• It is the most significant continuous probability distribution.
• Sometimes it is also called a bell curve.
DEFINITION
• It is a probability distribution that is symmetric about the mean, showing that data near the mean
are more frequent in occurrence than data far from the mean .
• The normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution that is symmetrical around its mean,
most of the observations cluster around the central peak, and the probabilities for values further away
from the mean taper off equally in both directions.
• Extreme values in both tails of the distribution are similarly unlikely.
• The normal distribution is symmetrical,
• The normal distribution model is motivated by the Central Limit Theorem.
FORMULA
The probability density function of normal or gaussian distribution is given by;
Normal Distribution Formula
Where,
x is the variable
μ is the mean
σ is the standard deviation
PARAMETERS
• Define its shape and probabilities entirely.
• The normal distribution has two parameters,
1. Mean and
2. Standard deviation
MEAN
• The mean is the central tendency of the normal distribution.
• It defines the location of the peak for the bell curve.
• Most values cluster around the mean.
• On a graph, changing the mean shifts the entire curve left or right on
the X-axis.
STANDARD DEVIATION
• The standard deviation is a measure of variability.
• It defines the width of the normal distribution.
• The standard deviation determines how far away from the mean the
values tend to fall.
• It represents the typical distance between the observations and the
average.
• On a graph, changing the standard deviation either tightens or spreads
out the width of the distribution along the X-axis. Larger standard
deviations produce wider [Link] you have narrow
distributions, the probabilities are higher that values won’t fall far
from the mean.
• As you increase the spread of the bell curve, the likelihood that
observations will be further away from the mean also increases.
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION PROPERTIES
• In a normal distribution, the mean, mean and mode are equal.(i.e., Mean = Median= Mode)
• The total area under the curve should be equal to 1.
• The normallyy distributed curve should be symmetric at the centre.
• There should be exactly half of the values are to the right of the centre and exactly half of the values are to
the left of the centre.
• The normal distribution should be defined by the mean and standard deviation.
• The normal distribution curve must have only one peak. (i.e., Unimodal)
• The curve approaches the x-axis, but it never touches, and it extends farther away from the mean.
STANDARDIZATION
There are an infinite number of normal distribution models, as μ can take on any real number and σ any
positive real number. In order to make finding probabilities associated with the normal distribution easier, we
generally compute what is known as a , or z -score.
The process involves subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation. The resulting
z -score measures how many standard deviations above or below average a data value is
EMPIRICAL RULE OF NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
• The empirical rule, also referred to as the three-sigma rule or 68-95-
99.7 rule,
• It is a statistical rule which states that for a normal distribution,
almost all observed data will fall within three standard deviations
(denoted by σ) of the mean or average (denoted by µ).
In particular, the empirical rule predicts that 68% of observations
falls within the first standard deviation (µ ± σ), 95% within the first
two standard deviations (µ ± 2σ), and 99.7% within the first three
standard deviations (µ ± 3σ).
Applications
The normal distributions are closely associated with many things such as:
✓ Marks scored on the test
✓ Heights of different persons
✓ Size of objects produced by the machine
✓ Blood pressure and so on.
IMPORTANCE
• Study of natural phenomenon
• Basis of sampling theory
• Statistical quality control
• Useful for large sample sets
• Approximation To Binomial and Poisson distribution
References
• Normal distribution in Statistics – by Jim Forst
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• Normal Distribution – By JAMES CHEN
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