UNIT-I

PYTHON-MATPLOTLIB

MATPLOTLIB UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
Q1: Introduction to Matplotlib:
Matplotlib is the most popular multi-platform MATPLOTLIB library for python which gives
control over every aspect of a figure. It was designed to give the end user a similar feeling like
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MATLAB‟s . 08 Middle Level
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The multidimensional MATPLOTLIB built on NumPy arrays
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Installation:
Matplotlib and its dependency packages are installed , when we install the Matplotlib by using
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following pip command. Rich
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pip install matplotlib

n ters 04
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[Link] is a collection of command style functions. Extensible
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Each pyplot function makes some change to a figure. For example, a function creates a figure, a
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plotting area in a figure, plots some lines in a plotting area, decorates the plot with labels, etc.

MATPLOTLIB UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
Introduction to Matplotlib:
Matplotlib has a comprehensive library for creating static, animated, and interactive
visualizations in Python.
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 Easy for 2-dimensional plotting and limited plotting
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 It can also be used with graphics toolkits like PyQt and wxPython
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 Matplotlib module was first written by John D. Hunter in 2003

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 The current stable version is 3.5.2 released in May 2022. Rich
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The official page of Matplotlib is n ters 04

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[Link]
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You can use this page for official installation instructions and various documentation
links.
MATPLOTLIB UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
Another one of the most important sections on this page is gallery section

[Link]
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It shows all the kind of plots/figures that Matplotlib is capable
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of creating for you. You
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can select anyone of those, and it takes you the example page having the figure and very
well documented code. Speed 03
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Another important page is

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[Link]
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It shows the documentation functions in it.
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MATPLOTLIB UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
1: Basic Plots using Matplotlib
1. Area Plots or area chart
2. Line plots 01
3. Bar plots or Bar charts 08 Middle Level
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4. Histograms Memory Structured
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2. Specialized Visualization Tools using Matplotlib

1. Pie charts Speed 03
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2. Box plots 07 Library

3. Scatter Plots
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4. Bubble plots P o i
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3: Advanced Visualization Tools using Matplotlib
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1. Waffle Charts
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2. Word Clouds

MATPLOTLIB UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
1. Area Plot (or) Area chart:

An area chart is really similar to a line chart, except that the area between the x axis and
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the line is filled in with color or shading. 08 Middle Level
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There are 2 main ways to build an area chart with Matplotlib. In both case it requires 2
numeric vectors of values as input and use any one of the following function.
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1. fill_between() function
2. stackplot() function n ters 04
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MATPLOTLIB UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
Example 1: to draw the area plot by using fill_between() function.

import [Link] as plt

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# Create data 08 Middle Level
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x=[1,2,3,4,6] Memory Structured
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y=[1,4,5,8,4]
# Area plot Speed 03
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plt.fill_between(x, y) 07 Library

[Link]() n ters 04
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MATPLOTLIB UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
Example 1: to draw the area plot by using stackplot() function.

import [Link] as plt

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# Create data 08 Middle Level
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# x=range(1,6) Memory Structured
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x=[1,2,3,4,5]
y=[1,4,5,8,5] Speed 03
# Area plot Rich
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[Link](x,y)
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Output:
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MATPLOTLIB UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
Line Plot (or) Line chart:

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[Link](x,y) 08 Middle Level
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[Link]. title() Memory
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[Link]. xlabel()
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[Link]. ylabel() 07
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MATPLOTLIB UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
Example 1: to draw the line plot without labels by using plot() function.

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import [Link] as plt 08 Middle Level
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plt. plot ([1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 1]) Management Language

[Link] () Speed 03
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MATPLOTLIB UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
Example 2: to draw the line plot with labels by using plot() function.

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x=[1,2,4,8,9] 08 Middle Level
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y=[1,3,6,6,4] Management Language

[Link](x,y)
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[Link]('sample line graph') Rich
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[Link]('x values')
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[Link]('y values') Extensible
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[Link]()
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PYTHON PROGRAMMING UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
Formatting the style of the plot:
Example 3 :
import numpy as np
import [Link] as plt 01
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x = [Link] (1, 11) Language 02
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y=2*x+5 Management Language

[Link] ("Matplotlib demo")

[Link] ("x axis caption")
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[Link] ("y axis caption") 07 Library

# [Link](x, y, "bv")# blue and Triangle down marker.

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[Link](x, y,"bo") # blue and circle marker Extensible
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[Link] ()
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MATPLOTLIB UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
Formatting the style of the plot:

Example 4 :
import [Link] as plt
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plt. plot ([1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 1],label="plot one",linewidth=7)
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plt. plot ([1, 5, 3], [4, 5, 6],label="plot Language
two",linewidth=3) 02
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[Link]('sample line graph') Management Language

[Link]('x values')
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[Link]('y values') Rich
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[Link] ()
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MATPLOTLIB UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
3. Bar Plot (or) Bar chart:

A bar plot is a way of representing data where the length of the bars represents the
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magnitude/size of the feature/variable.08Bar graphs usually represent numerical and
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categorical variables grouped in intervals.
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The matplotlib API in Python provides the bar() function which can be used in MATLAB
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style use or as an object-oriented API. The syntax of the bar() function
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axes is as follows:-
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[Link](x, y, width,
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align)
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The function creates a bar plot bounded with a05

rectangle depending on the given
parameters.
MATPLOTLIB UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
Example 1: to draw the bar plot:

import [Link] as plt

x=[1,2,4,8,9] 01
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y=[1,3,6,6,4] Memory Structured
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[Link](x,y)
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[Link]('sample line graph') Rich
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[Link]('x values')
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[Link]('y values') Po Extensible
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[Link]()
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MATPLOTLIB UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
Example 2: to draw the bar plot:

import [Link] as plt

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[Link]([1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 1],label="plot one")
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[Link]([1, 5, 3], [4, 5, 6],label="plot two") #color=g
[Link]('sample line graph') Speed 03
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[Link]('x values') 07 Library

[Link]('y values') 04
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[Link](True) Extensible
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[Link]()
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[Link] ()
MATPLOTLIB UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
Example 2: to draw the bar plot:
import numpy as np
import [Link] as plt
# creating the dataset by using dictionary
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data = {'C':20, 'C++':15, 'Java':30,'Python':35} Language 02
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courses = list([Link]()) Management Language

values = list([Link]())
# creating the bar plot Speed 03
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[Link](courses, values, color ='maroon‘, width = 0.4)
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[Link]("Courses offered")
[Link]("No. of students enrolled") n ters 04
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[Link]("Students enrolled in different courses")
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[Link]()
Output:
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MATPLOTLIB UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
4. Histogram:

Here First, we need to understand the differences between the bar graph and
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histogram. A histogram is used for the distribution, whereas
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different entities. A histogram is a typeMemory
of bar plot that shows the frequency of a number of
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values compared to a set of values ranges.

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For example we take the data of the different age group of the people
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with respect to the bin. Now, bin represents the range of values that are divided into series
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of intervals known as “bins” . Bins are generally 04
nte created of the same size.
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In Matplotlib, we use the hist() function to create histograms. The hist() function will use
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an array of numbers to create a histogram.

MATPLOTLIB UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
Example 1: to draw the Histogram:

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

population_age = [21,53,49,25,27,30,45] 01
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bins = [0,10,20,30,40,50,60] Language 02
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[Link](population_age, bins) Management Language

[Link]('age groups')
[Link]('Number of people')
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[Link]('Histogram') 07 Library

[Link]()
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MATPLOTLIB UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
1. Pie Chart:

The “pie chart” is also known as “circle

01 Pie chart image Example:
chart”, in which a circle is divided into
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sectors that each sector shows percentages
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of a whole.

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In Matplotlib, we use the pie() function to Rich
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create piechart

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MATPLOTLIB UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
Example 1: to draw the Pie chart:
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
values = [3, 12, 5, 8] Example 2: to draw the Pie chart using autopct:

labels = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] 01

08 from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
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[Link](values, labels=labels) #autopct?? Language 02
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values = Structured
[3, 12, 5, 8]
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[Link]() labels = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
Output: # autopct display % of whole.
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[Link](values,
Richlabels=labels, autopct='%.2f‘)
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[Link]()Output:

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MATPLOTLIB UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
Example 3: to draw the Pie chart:
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
values = [3, 12, 5, 8]
labels = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] 01
08 from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
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[Link](values, labels=labels) #autopct?? Language 02
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values = Structured
[3, 12, 5, 8]
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[Link]() labels = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
Output: # autopct display % of whole.
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[Link](values,
Richlabels=labels, autopct='%.2f‘)
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[Link]()Output:

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MATPLOTLIB UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
Example 3: to draw the Pie chart using explode:

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

values = [3, 12, 5, 8] 01
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mylabels = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] Language 02
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[Link](values, labels=mylabels,
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explode=[0,0.1,0.1,0,0])
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MATPLOTLIB UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
2. Box plots:

A Box Plot is also known as Whisker plot is created to display the summary of the set of
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data values having properties like minimum, quartile,
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maximum. Memory Structured
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In the box plot, a box is created from the first quartile to the third quartile, a line is also
there which goes through the box Speed
at the median.
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Here x-axis denotes the data to be plotted while the y-axis
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distribution.
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In Matplotlib, we use the boxplot() function 04
inte to create box plots.
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MATPLOTLIB UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
2. Box plots:

# Import libraries
import [Link] as plt
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# create Dataset
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y=[2,4,6,8]

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# Creating plot Rich

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# show plot Extensible
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[Link]()
Output:
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MATPLOTLIB UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
2. Multiple Box plots:
# Import libraries
import [Link] as plt 01
# create Dataset 08 Middle Level
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x=[5,10,15,20,25] Memory Structured
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y=[10,20,30,40,50]
z=[20,30,40,50,60] Speed 03
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data=[x,y,z] 07 Library

# Creating plot
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[Link](data) Po i n
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# show plot Recursion

[Link]() 05
Output:
MATPLOTLIB UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
3. Scatter plots:

Scatter plots are used to observe relationship between x-axis and y-axis variables and uses
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dots to represent the relationship between
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The scatter()
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library is used to draw a scatter plot Memory Structured
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In Matplotlib, we use the scatter() function to create scatter plots.

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MATPLOTLIB UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
3. Scatter plots:
import [Link] as plt
# create Dataset 01
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x=[1,5,3,4] Memory Structured
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y=[2,4,6,8]
# Creating scatter plot Speed 03
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# [Link](x,y,color=‘r’) 07 Library

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# show plot Recursion

[Link]() 05

MATPLOTLIB UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
 Legend alignments:
Syntax:
legend={'loc': 'upper right'}
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upper right Language 02
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upper left Management Language

lower left
lower right
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center left 04
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lower center
upper center & center 05

MATPLOTLIB UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
 01
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Line Plot Attribute:

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line_type=“o”
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MATPLOTLIB UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
Colour plotting:

Characters used for color

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• 'b‘ blue 08 Middle Level
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• 'g‘ Green Memory
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color=“y”
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• 'r‘ Red
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• 'c‘ Cyan Rich
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• 'm‘ Magenta
• 'y‘ Yellow n ters 04
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• 'k‘ Black Recursion

• 'w‘ White 05

MATPLOTLIB UNIT-1 Department of CSE, School of Engineering, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad.
[Link]