COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY

MET 141
Measuring
Devices/Tools

BY [Link]
 STATEMENT OF
OBJECTIVES
Discuss types of measuring devices.
General Objective:
Understand and familiarize
Describe the function of each tool. oneself with the different types
of measuring devices.

Explain the proper use of a tool for a particular

application.
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WHY DO WE HAVE
DIFFERENT TYPES?
• Different processes requires different levels of measurement
accuracy.
• This is the reason why man has developed different forms of tools
and devices to aid him in establishing measurements.

ALWAYS REMEMBER !

Choose the appropriate measuring device for the

task at hand. This is to ensure that your
measurements are correct and accurate.
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 TYPES OF MEASURING
DEVICES
• Transfer Measuring Tool
• Fixed Value Measuring Tool
• Graduated Measuring Tool
 TRANSFER MEASURING TOOL
A transfer measuring tools are used to measure inside or outside
diameters, center to center distances, and length dimensions. They have
no graduation of their own, measurements is depending upon the
accuracy required and a corresponding tool to be selected for setting or
measuring.

• Calipers
• Divider
• Trammel Point
 Calipers
It is a tool used in measuring diameter. It is always used with a steel
scale and at a time with a vernier caliper or micrometer caliper. Calipers are not
suitable for accurate measurements, but they are efficient for measuring stock,
roughing, cuts, length, and any dimensions that need not be extremely
accurate.

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Types of Calipers
[Link] Caliper– used for measuring
outside diameter of the work piece.
[Link] Caliper– used for measuring inside
diameter of the work piece.

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 Firm Joint Caliper
“the tension of a nut and stud provides
sufficient friction to hold the legs in any
setting positions.”

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Spring Joint Caliper
“it has an adjusting nut and screw
working against the tension of a spring.”

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 Lock Joint Caliper
“it has a knurled nut which may be
loosened for free movement of the legs
and tightened to lock the setting.”

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Hermaphrodite Caliper
• It has two legs which work on a hinge joint. One
leg is similar to a leg of a divider and the other is
similar in shape to a leg of an inside caliper.
• It is used for scribing parallel lines from an edge,
scribing an arc, and locating the center of
cylindrical work.
 Divider
• It consist of a pair of steel legs adjusted by a screw and nut and held
together by a circular spring at one end, in which is inserted a handle.
• It is used for measuring dimensions between lines or point, for transferring
length taken from a steel rule and for scribing circles or arcs on metal.

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 Divider
• Dividers are restricted in range by the opening span
of the legs and become less effective for scribing and
similar uses when the points are sharply inclined to
the surface worked upon.

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 Trammel Point
• It is also called a “Beam Compass”, used for layout work, scribing and
measuring larger diameter works.
• The legs are locked on the bar by tightening a knurled nut on the top of the
leg. One point has an adjusting screw for fine adjustments and may be
adjusted for length in the spring chucks.

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 FIXED-VALUE MEASURING TOOL
Fixed type gages are used to tell whether that dimensions of a
work piece fall within the required limits. Almost all gages they are made
from steel, hardened, and tempered to resists wear.

Often they are surface ground or lapped to close limits and high
surface finish. Specially made gages are widely used in mass production
to facilitate the checking of the dimensions or shapes.
 Feeler Gauge/ Thickness gauge
• “It is a set of gages consisting of thin strips of metal
of various thicknesses marked in hundredths of a
millimeter or thousands of an inch.”
• It is widely used for measuring and checking
bearing, clearance, adjusting, tappets, spark, plug
gaps, jig and fixture parts and for other purposes
where a specified clearance must be maintained.
Accuracy in using these gages requires a sense of
feel.

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 Radius Gauge/Fillet Gauge
• It is a thin flat steel tool used for inspecting, checking, or laying-out work having a given
radius.
• It is made in sets of individual gages for concave (internal) or convex (external) radius and it
consists of a number of leaves having a different radius in both English and Metric sizes.

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 Wire Size Gauge/ Drill Size Gauge
• It is used to measure the diameter of wire and drill. Such gages are made for fractional size
drills up to 1/2" or in decimal equivalents.

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 Taper Plug Gauge
• It is used for rapid, accurate checking of inside diameter of tubing, for determination of hole
sizes in dies and all kinds of work.

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 Threading Gauge & Screw Pitch Gauge
• It is a gage use in determining the pitch or number of threads per inch on the thread part.
• It consists of a number of leaves mounted in a case of holder. Each leaf has a specified number
of teeth, which corresponds to a definite pitch and form of thread.
• To check the pitch, it is only necessary to match the teeth in the gage with the threaded part.

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 Drill Point Gauge

• Also known as “Drill Grinding Gauge”

• It is especially designed for use in drill grinding. Drill point
gage provides a quick, accurate tool for determining the
correct drill point angle of 59° and the correct length of drill
lips necessary for clean-cut drilling at maximum feeds and
speeds.

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 Solid Square
• Also known as “Back Square or Try Square”
• It is a small, light square that has a hardened
steel blade with or without graduation. It is used
for checking the squareness and determining
angles. The customary angles are 90°, 120°, and
135°.

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 Combination Square
• It is a widely used tool for laying-out, squaring and checking work.
• It consists of a square head and a steel rule. It differs from other squares because it has a 45 deg
miter face in addition to the 90 deg face.
• This square is made accurately where extreme accuracy is required for squaring, setting up
precision work and inspection.

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 Graduated Measuring Tools
When a dimension is given on a drawing, without any covering note as to a
particular type of fit, it may generally be assumed that the dimension may be
checked with a RULE.

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 Steel Rule
• A 6”rule is the most commonly used measuring tool in plant or factory.
These rules are graduated in various divisions of an inch, some of which
are 1/8”, 1/16”, 1/32”, and 1/64”.

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 Narrow Steel Rule
• Is made of tempered steel about 3/64” thick, 3/16” wide and 4” to 12”
long. It is used for measuring a small openings and space.

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 Hook Rule
• Has a hook attached to one end, which makes it easy to take
measurements from an inside edge when it is not convenient to see the
end of the rule. It is also used for measuring outside dimensions.

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 Shrink Rule
• Is a tempered steel rule similar in size and appearance to a standard rule. It has four
(4) graduations. It differs from other rules in that the inch markings on the face are
slightly longer than actual inches. It is used by pattern makers; pattern for castings
are deliberately made longer than the required castings to allow for the shrinkage of
the molten metal as it cool to a solid.

soundingstone
 Folding Rule
• Made from wood and much used in carpenter shops and on building sites. Length of 1
or 2 meters and the accuracy however is not higher than 1 mm or 1/16”.

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 Depth Rule
• Is a special rule used for measuring the depth of holes or recesses. It has a sliding
base or head which is set at right angles to the rule. The base is held firmly against
the surface of the work piece and the rule is adjusted to the depth of the hole or slot.

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 Pocket Slide Caliper Rule
• Is used to measure round bars, tubing, and other objects. The slide caliper has a pair
of jaws added to the rule. One jaw is fixed at the end, and the other is movable along
the scale.

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 Tapes
A tape measure or measuring tape is a flexible ruler used to measure
size or distance. It consists of a ribbon of cloth, plastic, fibre, glass, or metal
strip with linear-measurement markings. It is a common measuring tool and
its design allows for a measure of great length to be easily carried in a pocket
or toolkit and permits one to measure around curves or corners.

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 Spring Return Pocket Tape
Also known as steel tape or pull-push rule and generally fit in a pocket. It
provides a logical extension of a graduated measuring tool beyond the
practical limits of a steel rule. Although available in lengths up to 100 feet,
they are still accurate. The tape is returned to the case by a spring
mechanism.

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 Long Tape
These are cased tape measures with tapes of
25, 50, 75, 100, 200, 300, and even 500 feet in length,
designed for engineers and builders. Because
surveying was usually done in rods, surveyor uses long
tapes of 33 feet (2 rods), and 66 feet (4 rods). Long
tapes instead of being returned by spring, were usually
returned by hand crank.

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 Sewing Tape
Tape measure that were intended for use in
tailoring or dressmaking were made from flexible cloth
or plastic. They are named “sewing tape”. These types
of tape measures were mainly used for the measuring
of the subject’s waist line.

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 COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY

MET 141
English and Metric
Steel Rules

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 Steel Rules
Steel rules are widely used for machine shop applications which do not require a high degree of
precision. The steel rule is often the most practical measuring instrument to use for checking
dimensions where stock allowances for finishing are provided.

Steel rules are also used for locating roughing cuts on machined pieces for determining the
approximate locations of parts for machine set-ups. Steel rules used in the machine shop are
generally six inches long, although rules anywhere from a fraction of an inch to several inches in
length are also used.
 Use of Steel Rule
1. The end of a rule receives more wear than the rest of the rule. Therefore, the end should not be
used as a reference point unless it is used with a knee (straight block)
 Use of Steel Rule
2. If a knee is not used, the 1-inch graduation of English measure rules should be used as a reference
point. The 1 inch must be subtracted from the measure obtained. For metric measure rules, use the
10-millimeter graduation as the reference point. The 10 millimeters must be subtracted from the
measurement obtained.
 Use of Steel Rule
3. The scale of the rule should be put on the part to be measured. Following the correct procedure
eliminates the parallax error (error caused by the scale and the part being in different planes).
Fractional-Inch Rule
Decimal-Inch Rule
Metric Rule