Chapter 5: High Ropes &

Climbing
 Safety rules &
procedure for climbing
and high ropes activities
 Procedure before high rope activities
• Ensure that all equipment for high rope activities is adequate
and safe to use by applying equipment inspection techniques
correctly.

• Make sure the safety briefing is conveyed clearly such as:

-Risk that can occur -How to wear the correct helmet &
harness -Do not stand under the participants who are doing
activities for fear of falling objects.

. • Ensure that the coach is sufficient to carry out all

responsibilities such as belayer and dispatcher.
 Procedure during high rope activities
• Participants are required to obey the instructions given
by the coach.

• Participants are required to focus on the activities to be

carried out.

• Coaches need to be sensitive to all activities that take

place to avoid any risks that may occur.

• Participants can give encouragement to other

participants to do this activity.
 Procedure after the high rope activity

• Gather all participants for debriefing

• Ensure equipment is reassembled in accordance with the

trainer’s instructions

• Store all equipment by following the procedures that have

been recommended for each equipment.

• If there is equipment that needs to be cleaned, please follow

the recommended procedure.
 BELAYING, ANCHORING &
BASICS RESCUE TECHNIQUE
 Belaying

• Belaying is a technique that will ensure that a person's

movement using a rope is safe.
• It is a rope control activity (which is tied to the participant
who is moving down) which is controlled by a belayer & at
the same time need to use belay equipment. There are 3
belaying techniques namely:
• Self belay
• Top belay
• Bottom belay
 Self Belay
Climbers who have no belayer. This type of
climber controls all descending movements
on his own.

Bottom Belay
Belayer is at the bottom to
control the descending climber.

Top belay
- Belayer is at the top to control
the descending climber.
 techniques to keep
climbers hanging on
ropes tied to
something strong
and sturdy such as
tree trunks, rocks,
poles and so on.
Anchoring
 Basic rescue technique
Basic rescue during high rope activities can
divided into 3 categories as follows:

• Self rescue
• One to one rescue
• Escape from the system
 TYPES OF
HIGH ROPES
ACTIVITIES
High rope activity is divided into 2
elements:

1) Low element 2) High element

- very risky
- lower risk
- requires strong mental and
- requires less mental and physical strength
physical strength
EXAMPLES OF LOW
LEVEL ELEMENT
ACTIVITIES
B
U
-
R Have to hold two ropes on the side

M - Need to walk slowly on the ropes

A - A thrilling activity because of having to balance the body while

walking

B
R
I
D
G
E
MOHAWK
WALK

-In groups

-If someone falls one has to go

back to the starting point

-The cables will be installed in a

zig zag manner as high as 12 "-
18" (inches) from ground level
WILD WOOZY

- In pairs with almost the

same height

-Both trying to cross the

range

-The cables are attached to 3

tree trunks and are V -shaped
and located 12 "(inches) from
ground level
 NITRO CROSSING

- As an individual

- Must not touch the ground

- Swing from the first point to the 2nd point

Spider Webb
 A web rope about 5' (ft.) high
containing varying sizes of holes is
stretched between two trees.

 Each participant must go through a

different
hole without touching the web.

 Can add variety with each member

needed to
stay connected.
EXAMPLES OF HIGH
LEVEL ELEMENT
ACTIVITIES
WALL CLIMBING

- Need complete equipment

- Hand & finger strength

 ABSEILING

- Controlling the decline below

an almost vertical level

- Using a double rope that is

looped around the body and
attached to several higher
points.

- Need to go down slowly from

the top point to the bottom
point
FLYING FOX

- Suspended condition at a high

location

- Slid down using a kernmenta

cable / rope

- It should also not be too loose

or too tight for fear of not being
able to accommodate the
participant's body while the rope
is being flown
 TREE CLIMBING

- Requires participants to hug a tree trunk to

climb

- Ropes, helmets, and belts can be used to

increase climber safety
 CANYONING

- - Abseiling activities in
the waterfall area

- - Canyoning is often
done in isolated and
rough conditions
 EQUIPMENT AND
ACCESSORIES FOR
HIGH ROPES
ACTIVITIES
01 Harness
• Harness helps a person to control (belaying) or is used as a
descending and pulling in high rope activity .
• As an intermediary between the body and the rope
• Has a neat lining at the waist and thighs
• There are two different harnesses on site. There is a participant
Harnesses which is your universal harness or call as sit
harness, going only up to your waist.
• But there is also a chest harness or full body harness available.
• Both withstanding weight upwards of 5,000 lbs.
• All sizes are available to ensure everyone feels safe and has the
most comfortable experience at the Ropes Course.
 02 Helmets

• The helmets used at the ropes course are one of the primary
safety gear used .
• Helmets are worn while doing any climb to ensure safety.
• Use a helmet appropriate to the activity and read the label on
the inside before using it.
• Activities that involve control in rocky areas are very important
to use a helmet
• Avoid injuries to the head for example objects above such as
branches, twigs, rocks and so on
03 Glove

Rappel gloves are gloves that are specially designed to provide protection and
comfort while rappelling from rope burns or sores and allow to gain greater control of
the rope,thus increasing the safety of the rappel. There are several differences in
design that may distinguish a rappel glove from a normal one:

Double padded areas— Many rappel gloves have extra protection in key friction
areas, such as the thumb and palm of the hand, to prevent them from wearing
through.
Fingerless design— To allow for greater dexterity when tying knots and working with
rope, some rappel gloves will leave the first joint uncovered.
Grippy fabric— To help you maintain control, most gloves come with enhanced
fabric on the inside of the palm to make it easier to grip your rope.
Lightweight design— Like most climbing equipment, rappel gloves are designed to
be as transportable as possible, while still retaining key safety features.
 • A carabiner is a metal loop with a sprung or screwed
04 Carabiners gate that is used to quickly and reversibly connect
components in a fall protection system.
• An important tool in the control of slope areas by using
ropes.
• The minimum strength for one carabiner is 1800kg.
• Consists of various types and can be identified through
SCREW GATE STRAIGHT its shape and gate.
GATE

BENT GATE BALL LOCK OVAL SCREW GATE AUTO LOCK

 05 Belay devices

• A belay device is a mechanical piece of climbing

equipment used to control a rope during
belaying. FIGURE OF 8 GRIGRI

• Belay devices act as a friction brake, so that

when a climber falls with any slack in the rope,
the fall is brought to a stop.
• Belay devices usually attach to the harness of
REVERSO STITCH PLATE
the belayer via a carabiner, and are usually
made of aluminum or an alloy.
• Some belay devices can also be used as
descenders for a controlled descent on a rope,
SMART BELAY
that is abseiling or rappeling. ATC
06 Sling

• A sling is a type of rope made in the form of a ribbon.

• Use as a connector to other safety equipment and is
usually estimated to reach 20kN in strength
• To make anchors, connectors to other tools and can
be connected to become tools such as quick draws
and lanyards
• There are 2 types of slings. one connecting sling
(stitching) and a regular sling to be knot (connecter)
 D
07 Kernmentle Rope Y
N
A
a) Dynamic Rope M
I
Has elasticity and absorbs more impact force energy in case C
of a fall and in turn reduces its impact on the climber and the R
equipment used. O
P
b) Static Rope E
Less energy absorbing compared to dynamic ropes. however,
STATI C R O PE
can generally last a long time, static ropes are commonly
used for cave exploration, recreational activities, high rope
activities and others. Abselling can use a static rope with an
anchor point at the top.
08 Chalk bag

A chalk bag is one of the simplest

pieces of climbing equipment. It's
basically a bag or sack that holds
climbing chalk, which you dip your
hands and fingers into while rock
climbing.

FUNCTION:
climbers use chalk to dry sweat and
other moisture on their hands,
increasing friction and improving their
grip on the holds.

Chalk made from Magnesium

Carbonate and usually in white colour.
09 Climbing Shoe

• A climbing shoe is a specialized type

of footwear designed for rock climbing.
• Typical climbing shoes have a close fit,
little if any padding, and a smooth,
sticky rubber sole with an extended
rubber rand.
• Unsuited to walking and hiking,
climbing shoes are typically donned at
the base of a climb
 8 BASIC
TIES AND
KNOTS
AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS
-----
 DEFINITION OF TIES
AND KNOTS
TIES
 to tie objects such as wood, bamboo,it is requires
ropes and objects to be tied together
KNOTS
 using a rope that is small and medium size
 applied to objects
P
U
R to carry out activities that related to high
ropes must know and be familiar with the
basic ties and knots.

P we need to learn/practice and master how

to make and use them correctly, quickly
and efficiently because it has to do with

O saving the lives of victims

S
E
 [Link] KNOT

 Other name is stopper knot,thumb knot and end knot

 as a tie breaker the end of this rope is needed so that the rope does not
fall apart at the end.
 as a marker of the end of the rope

technique for overhand knot:

TYPES OF
ties and knots
[Link] HITCH [Link] KNOT
 Used to tie ropes to poles or logs.  To connect two ropes of the same size
 Not easily broken and the wood can be pulled to especially dry ropes. 
the desired place safely.  To tie the Triangular Cloth. 
 Tie the package.
 Tie on or off the sling.
Technique:  Easy / quick to remove.
i. Start the knot on the wood. Technique:
ii. Then, make another knot on top of the
previous knot.
iii. Pull the end of the rope
[Link] OF 8 [Link] OF 8 -FOLLOW THROUGH
 bond initiator for family figure of 8  to tie in a loop
 as a marker of the end of the rope  for anchoring bonds
 To hold the rope not detached from the Pulley Block  Is the most important knot to learn as a
 More useful because it is easy to open. climber. This is best for tying a rope as it is a
strong knot used for climbing. We can tell
quickly if it is tied properly.

technique: technique:
 technique:
[Link] OF 8-ON THE BIGHT

 A versatile knot used to connect a rope to a

carabiner or other object. It is very quick and easy to
bind and almost fail-safe. It takes two hands to tie.
 Belay set up.
 Rescue work.

technique:
[Link]’S KNOT

 Also known as a grapvine knot, two fishermen

typically use this method to tie two ropes of
different diameters together. It is especially useful
when creating loops.
 can connect for 2 smooth ropes
[Link] BEND
 Connect two ropes that are not the same
size.
 Connecting the corners of the fabric with
string is like tying a flag with string.

technique:
SAMPLE OF HIGH ROPES
ACTIVITY
PROPOSAL/PAPERWORK
 WALL CLIMBING AND ABSEILING
INTRODUCTION PRACTICE
Wall climbing is a sport that is a man made creation; wall climbing is a
miniaturized form of rock climbing, where the participants climb artificial
surfaces constructed from wood or other materials and built either indoors
or outdoors.

Abseiling (sometimes referred to as rappelling) is an activity in which a

person descends a rope in a controlled manner with the use of a
friction device or descender. Abseiling may be used to descend a cliff
face as part of a rock-climbing program or it may be practised as a
separate activity.

This activity was implemented to provide exposure on high

rope activities to the outrec participants.
 PURPOSE GOALS

• Forming physical and mental • Ensure the target group is able

strength. to implement and follow the
• Forming a high self-esteem activities carried out.
among the target group. • Ensure all groups complete all
• Forming self-confidence. scheduled activities well and in
• Forming a team spirit. an orderly manner.

OBJECTIVES

• Forming an attitude of courage in a person.

• Equip all groups with knowledge and skills on high rope activities.
• Form positive traits such as disciplined, trustworthy, cooperative,
responsible, confident and courageous.
• Form good social characteristics, team spirit, ability to interact
and communicate in a team.
 TOOLS USED

• All wall climbing and abseiling aquipment will be

provided by the coach.
• First aid kit

PREPARATION

• Activity planning meetings should be conducted by the

coordinator.
• Instructions will be issued to coordinators, coaches and
outrec participants.
• Safety briefings were held to remind the participants to
take care of their safety and also to ensure the activities
run smoothly.
• Get a qualified and competend coach who has a level 1
certificate and above.
IMPLEMENTATION

• BEFORE
 Director’s instruction are issued and activity
briefings are given by the coordinating officer.

• DURING
 The safety of all groups is paramount. If a problem
occurs, the activity is stopped immediately.

• AFTER
 Check the health and physicality of each group and make sure all
do not suffer any injuries. If an injury occurs, participants will be
referred to a nearby health clinic or hospital.
 Activity evaluation sessions were conducted to identify
shortcomings and weakness that occurred during the activity.
 PUNISHMENT

• Appropriate physical training punishments will be given to

participants if they do not comply with the coach’s instructions.
• This relevant punishment is implemented because wall climbing
and abseiling are high-risk exercises and can be detrimental to
participants if they do not perform with proper procedures.

PERIOD OF TIME PLACE

According to the schedule

• Kara Resort Village, Pulau
to be provided by the
Besar.
coach.
• Suitable recreation area.
EXAMPLES OF WALL CLIMBING ACTIVITIES
EXAMPLES OF ABSEILING ACTIVITIES
THANKS