Python Data Structures
Module 2 – Detailed Study of Strings
Introduction to Strings
A String is a built-in data structure in Python used to
store textual data.
It is a sequence of characters enclosed in single quotes ('
'), double quotes (" "), or triple quotes (''' ''' or """ """).
Example:
name = "Saniya"
message = 'Welcome'
paragraph = """Python is powerful"""
print(name)
Output:
Saniya
Creating and Storing
Strings
A string is a sequence of characters enclosed in
quotes.
Example:
name = "Saniya"
message = 'Welcome'
Output:
Saniya
Welcome
Basic String Operations
Operations include
concatenation (+)
repetition (*)
len().
Example:
a = "Hello"
b = "World"
print(a + " " + b) # Concatenation
print(a * 3) # Repetition
print(len(a)) # Length
Output:
Hello World
HelloHelloHello
5
Accessing Characters by
Index
Index starts from 0. Negative index starts from -1.
Example:
text = "Python"
print(text[0])
print(text[-1])
Output:
P
n
String Slicing and Joining
Slicing extracts part of string. join() combines list elements.
Example:
word = "Programming"
print(word[0:6])
items = ["Python","Java"]
print(", ".join(items))
Output:
Progra
Python, Java
String Methods
Built-in methods like
upper()
lower()
strip() - strip() only removes spaces from beginning and end
Example:
text = " python"
print([Link]())
print([Link]())
Output:
PYTHON
python
Formatting Strings
Insert values using format() or f-strings.
Example:
name="Saniya"
age=21
print(f"Name: {name}, Age: {age}")
Output:
Name: Saniya, Age: 21
String Immutability
Strings cannot be changed after creation.
Example:
text="Python"
new_text="J"+text[1:]
print(new_text)
Output:
Jython
Escape Sequences
Special characters using backslash (\n, \t).
Example:
print("Hello\nWorld")
Output:
Hello
World
Raw Strings
Raw strings ignore escape sequences.
Example:
path = r"C:\Users\Saniya"
print(path)
Output:
C:\Users\Saniya
String Constants
Predefined sets from string module.
Example:
import string
print([Link])
Output:
0123456789
Validation Methods
isalpha(), isdigit(), isalnum().
Example:
print("Python".isalpha())
print("123".isdigit())
Output:
True
True
Search and Replace
find(), replace().
Example:
text="Python Programming"
print([Link]("Pro"))
print([Link]("Python","Java"))
Output:
7
Java Programming
Split and Partition
SPLIT()- Returns list and PARTITION()-Returns
tuple
Example String
text = "apple-banana-grape“
1. split() Example
print([Link]("-"))
Output:
['apple', 'banana', 'grape’]
2. partition() Example
print([Link]("-"))
Output:
('apple', '-', 'banana-grape')
String Translation
maketrans() and translate().
Example:
text="hello"
table=[Link]("h","j")
print([Link](table))
Output:
jello
Unicode and Encoding
encode() converts to bytes, decode() to string.
Example:
text="Python"
encoded=[Link]("utf-8")
print(encoded)
Output:
b'Python'
String Performance
Use join() instead of multiple + operations.
Example:
words=["Python","is","powerful"]
print(" ".join(words))
Output:
Python is powerful
Advanced f-Strings
Supports expressions and formatting.
Example:
a=10
b=5
print(f"Sum={a+b}")
print(f"{a=}")
Output:
Sum=15
a=10
Summary
• Strings are immutable
• Support indexing & slicing
• Many built-in methods
• Unicode supported
• f-strings are modern formatting