PERVASIVE COMPUTING
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RUDRADEEP NATH, [Link](IT), [Link](CSE)
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Contents
What is pervasive computing? Latest devices. Evolution. Pervasive computing system view Pervasive computing enablers Issues and Challenges. Research initiatives and projects. Conclusion.
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What is pervasive computing?
An environment in which people interact with embedded (and mostly invisible) computers (processors) and in which networked devices are aware of their surroundings and peers and are able to provide services or use services from peers effectively
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What is pervasive computing?.....contd
Involves
interaction, coordination and cooperation of numerous casually accessible and often invisible computing devices . connected by wired or wireless infrastructure. relevant and integrated information. will be aware of the context .
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Devices
Provides
Applications Provides
intelligent services. pervasive
Views
Technology
view:-Computers every where embedded into fridges, washing machine, door locks, furniture, building infrastructure etc. view:-Invisible-Implicit interaction with environment. computing + intelligent
User
Pervasive=Mobile
environment.
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LATEST DEVICES
PDA/mobile phone
Matchbox computer
Digital keypad
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Watch phone
Watch Phone RFID chips
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Evolution
The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabrics of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it. --------Mark Weiser (1952 1999), XEROX PARC
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3rd wave of computing technology
First
Wave - Mainframe computing era
Second Wave - Personal computing era Wave Pervasive computing era: one person, many computers, millions of computers embedded in the environment, allowing technology to recede into the background.
Third
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Core Technology Used
Distributed
computing.
Mobile
computing.
Sensing
technology.
Embedded
technology.
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Pervasive computing system view
Pervasive computing Middleware support Pervasive system
Distributed System
Mobility support
Pervasi veness Suppor t
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Operating Environment
Monitoring. Energy
availability. of sites.
Number Spatial
coverage.
Deployment. Composition
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Pervasive computing enablers
Moores
Law of IC Technologies Technologies
Communication Material
Technologies
Sensors/Actuators
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Moores Law
Processing
speed and storage capacity double every 18 months cheaper, smaller, faster Exponential increase will probably go on for the next 10 years at the same rate Most important technology parameters double every 13 years: computation cycles memory, magnetic disks bandwidth
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COMMUNICATION
Bandwidth
of single fibers ~10 Gb/s
Powerline coffee maker automatically connected to the Internet Wireless mobile phone: GPRS, 3G wireless LAN (> 10 Mb/s) Bluetooth Room networks, body area networks Internet-on-a-chip
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Body area network & Spontaneous networking.
Very
low current (some nA), some kb/s through the human body Possible applications: Car recognize driver Phone configures itself when it is touched.
Spontaneous
networking: Objects in an open, distributed, dynamic world find each other and form a transitory community Devices recognize that they belong together
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New material
Recent:
semiconductors, fibers information and communication technologies
Organic
semiconductors change the external appearance of computers
Plastic
laser Opto-electronics, flexible displays,
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Pervasive devices
Visual
information will be written directly onto our retinas by devices in our eyeglasses and contact lenses.
Interactive
maps.
Smart
clothings
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Sensors and actuators
Miniaturized
cameras, microphones,... Fingerprint sensor. Radio sensors. RFID. Infrared. Location sensors. e.g., GPS.
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Example:-Radio sensors
No
external power supply. energy from the actuation process piezoelectric and pyroelectric materials transform changes in pressure or temperature into energy. RF signal is transmitted via an antenna (20 m distance). Applications: temperature surveillance, remote control (e.g., wireless light switch),...
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RFID(Radio frequency identifier)
Identify
objects from distance. small IC with RF-transponder. Wireless energy supply. ~1m. magnetic field (induction). ROM or EEPROM (writeable). ~100 Byte. Cost ~$0.1 ... $1. consumable and disposable. Flexible tags. laminated with paper.
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Issues and Challenges
Scalability. Heterogeneity. Integration. Invisibility. Context
awareness.
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Issues and Challenges contd..
Billions
of processors controlling sensors, actuators. Errors propagate to bring down complete regions ----Hacker and virus paradise. System propagates false information. Complexity of s/w installation on a workstation . server how do you cope with billions?
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Research initiatives and projects
Carnegie HP
Mellonss Aura.
cooltown. sensor motes.
Berkeleys Portolano.
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Conclusion
Pervasive
computing is about making our lives simpler through digital environments that are sensitive, adaptive, and responsive to human needs technology will fundamentally change the nature of computing, allowing most objects we encounter in daily life to be aware, interacting with users in both the physical and virtual worlds.
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This
References
Satyanarayanan, Pervasive Computing: Vision and Challenges, IEEE Personal Communication, Aug. 2001, pp. 10-17. [Link] [Link] Banavar et al., Challenges: An Application Model for Pervasive Computing, Proc. 6th Ann. ACM/IEEE Intl Conf. Mobile Computing and Networking (Mobicom 2000), ACM Press, 2000, pp. 266-274.
M.
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Q&A
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