563.11.
1 ZigBee
Samuel Nelson
University of Illinois Fall 2007
What is ZigBee?
A low data rate, low power specification ZigBee Alliance is
an association of companies working together to enable reliable, cost-effective, lowpower, wirelessly networked, monitoring and control products based on an open global standard.
ZigBee Alliance Homepage
ZigBees Place
WWAN IEEE 802.22 IEEE 802.20
Range
WMAN
WiMax IEEE 802.16 WiFi 802.11 802.15.3 802.15.3c 100 1000
WLAN
ZigBee 802.15.4 Bluetooth 15.4c 802.15.1
WPAN 0.01
0.1
1 10 Data Rate (Mbps)
Heile, B. Wireless Sensor and Control Networks (PPT), 2006
History of ZigBee
No adequate solution for:
Smart badges Home Automation Interactive toys
IEEE 802.15.4 task group set out to design a standard with:
Low data rate Long battery life Very low complexity
In 2003, a standard was completed
IEEE 802.11.4 Website
History of ZigBee
October 2002
ZigBee Alliance is formed
December 2004
ZigBee 1.0 is released
Current releases
802.15.4 is 2006 ZigBee specification is 2007
Protocol Stack and Responsibility
Protocol Stack
Application
ZDO
App Support (APS)
Responsibility
SSP NWK Medium Access (MAC) Physical Radio (PHY)
Craig, W. ZigBee, 2004. Heile, B. Wireless
IEEE 802.15.4 PHY
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Link quality measurements
Used by higher layers
Heile, B. Wireless Sensor and Control Networks (PPT), 2006
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC
Two addressing modes
16 bit (~65,000 devices) 64 bit (lots of devices)
CSMA/CA Allows for network beaconing
Wake up periodically, checking for a beacon
Power savings
Nodes can sleep between beacons Nodes that dont have to route or randomly receive can sleep until needed
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Network Layer
Devices
ZigBee Coordinator
Network Creator
ZigBee Router
Multi-hop Routing
ZigBee End Device
Very low power
Light switch (ZED) Status: Sleep, except when flipped Light source (ZC or ZR) Status: Always On
Network Topologies
Mesh
Star
Cluster Tree
ZigBee Coordinator ZigBee Router ZigBee End Device
Heile, B. Wireless Sensor and Control Networks (PPT), 2006
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Routing
Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV)
Used for mesh topologies
Cluster-Tree Algorithm
Form clusters of nodes that make a tree
Ergen, S. ZigBee/802.15.4 Summary, 2004
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ZigBee Applications
security HVAC AMR lighting control access control TV VCR DVD/CD remote
ZigBee
Wireless Control that Simply Works
patient monitoring fitness monitoring
PERSONAL HEALTH CARE TELECOM SERVICES
PC & PERIPHERALS
mouse keyboard joystick
asset mgt process control environmental energy mgt
INDUSTRIAL CONTROL
m-commerce info services object interaction (Internet of Things)
HOME CONTROL
security HVAC lighting control access control irrigation
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Heile, B. Wireless Sensor and Control Networks (PPT), 2006
Application Profiles
Profiles regulate types of messages to and from end points Public Profiles
Interoperability
Vendor Profiles
Undergoes certificate testing Shouldnt interfere with other ZigBee networks
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Example Profiles
Home Automation
Devices used:
Light switch Lamp Thermostat
Industrial Plant Monitoring
Devices used:
Pressure sensors Cameras Thermostat
Heile, B. Wireless Sensor and Control Networks (PPT), 2006
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Application Messages
Periodic
Use beaconing system Ex) Meter systems
Intermittent
Beaconless or disconnected Ex) Light switch
Repetitive low latency
Time slot allocations Ex) Security system
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ZigBee Security
ZigBee is touted as highly secure Relies on centralized infrastructure
Coordinator acts as trust center
Types of keys:
Master key
Installed out-of-band
Network key
Shared by all devices No protection against insider attacks
Link key
Derived from master key
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Trust Center
Can be the coordinator or a dedicated device on the network Trust during Join
Authenticate join requests
Network
Updates and distributes network key
End-to-End Configuration
Assists link key setup
ZigBee Alliance, ZigBee Security Specification Overview, 2005
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End-to-End Key Establishment
ZigBee Alliance, ZigBee Security Specification Overview, 2005
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ZigBee vs. Bluetooth
Larger Range
100m vs. 10m
Lower Data Rate
20 to 250 Kbps vs. 1 Mbps
Lower Energy
Multi-year vs. multi-day battery life
Device numbers
7 slaves per network vs. 65,000 nodes
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Conclusions
ZigBee is beneficial for low data rate, low power applications
Control Automation Monitoring
Centralized trust center helps to manage security
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References
ZigBee Alliance home page:
[Link]
ZigBee Alliance tutorial
[Link] [Link]
IEEE 802.15.4 task group
[Link]
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