Belt and Chain Drive Overview

Q: What is the significance of the angle of contact in V-belt and chain drives?

The angle of contact is crucial as it determines the effective grip the belt or chain has on the sheaves or sprockets, affecting power transmission efficiency. In a V-belt drive, ensuring maximum contact angle reduces slippage, necessitating correction factors if the contact angle is less than optimal. For chain drives, a contact angle greater than 120° on smaller sprockets ensures effective power delivery and reduces wear .

Q: When designing a chain drive, how does one decide on the size and number of strands required?

Deciding on chain size involves considering the design power and velocity ratio to choose the appropriate chain type (e.g., sizes 40, 60, 80). The number of strands is then determined based on the power per chain needed to meet the total design power. This entails dividing the design power by the power for one chain strand and utilizing multiple strands factor adjustment as needed. For instance, a heavy requirement might employ a No. 80 chain with four strands for adequate power transmission .

Q: What are the key differences between V-belt and chain drive systems in terms of design and application?

V-belt systems are designed for high-speed, low-torque applications and require considerations for belt length, sheave sizes, and tension. They offer quieter operations and flexibility but suffer from potential slippage and require periodic tension adjustments. Chain drives are suitable for lower speed, higher torque applications and emphasize constraints like sprocket teeth number, speed ratios, and the need for lubrication. Chains provide strength and reliability but are heavier and noisier than belts .

Q: Describe the design process for calculating the actual center distance of a V-belt drive.

The actual center distance in a V-belt drive is calculated using the equation C = B + sqrt(B^2 - (16(D1 + D2))) where B is calculated as B = 4D1L - π(L^2). These calculations incorporate the belt length and sheave diameters to ensure efficient power transmission while maintaining appropriate tension in the belts .

Q: What are the primary reasons for using belt and chain drives in machinery?

Belt and chain drives are primarily used to transfer power, or torque, from one location to another, such as from motors or engines to mechanical systems like conveyor belts or generators. They are advantageous for spanning large distances or when flexible transmission elements are needed, as opposed to gear drives which are less flexible and more expensive but offer higher torque capability .

Q: How do you ensure adequate tension in a chain drive system for a rock crusher application?

Adequate tension in a chain drive system can be achieved by ensuring a sufficient number of sprocket teeth (greater than 17 for the smaller sprocket) and calculating an appropriate center distance that falls within recommended limits (30 to 50 times the pitch length). Additionally, maintaining a contact angle greater than 120° on the smaller sprocket aids in reducing the risk of slippage. For a rock crusher, a robust design with ample tension and correct alignment ensures the heavy demands are met reliably .

Q: What calculations are involved in choosing the belt speed in a V-belt drive design?

Choosing the belt speed involves ensuring it falls within typical operational ranges (2,500 to 7,000 ft/min). For example, if an engine speed is given, the diameter of the sheave and the rpm can be combined to solve for the belt speed using equations such as vb = π * D1 * n1 / 12, ensuring the result aligns with the specified range .

Q: What are the constraints and considerations in designing a V-belt drive system?

Designing a V-belt drive system involves considering the rated power of the motor, calculating the speed ratio, selecting appropriate sheave sizes, ensuring the belt speed is within specified limits, estimating the center distance, selecting proper belt length, and determining the number of belts needed. Additionally, factors like the angle of wrap correction and the need for initial tension in the belts must also be considered .

Q: How do you determine the number of belts required for a V-belt drive system?

To determine the number of belts required, the corrected power per belt must be calculated, which involves accounting for speed ratio and correcting for power using factors like wrap angle. The total design power is then divided by the corrected power per belt to find the number of belts needed. For example, if the corrected power per belt is determined to be 21.61 hp, and the design power is 88 hp, then 4 belts would be needed .

Q: How does the flexibility of belts compare to chains in terms of application?

Belts are generally used when high-speed, low-torque applications are required due to their flexibility, quiet operation, and cost-effectiveness. Chains, on the other hand, are preferred for low-speed, high-torque applications due to their strength and length flexibility, though they need lubrication and can be noisy and heavy .

0% found this document useful (0 votes)

136 views39 pages

This document discusses belt drives and chain drives. It provides an overview of why they are used to transfer power over distances or with flexible elements. Belt drives are used for higher…

Uploaded by

Separator

Introduction to Belt Drives and Chain Drives
Belts vs. Chains
Types of Belts
V-belt Drive Design Process
Key Equations for Belt Design
V-belt Design Example
Introduction to Chain Drives
Chain Design Process
Chain Drives Design Example

Chapter 7:

Belt Drives and Chain Drives

CVT
Overview why used?
1.) Transfer power (torque) from one location to
another. From driver: motor,peddles,
engine,windmill,turbine to driven: conveyor belt, back
wheels/bike,generator rock crusher,dryer.
2.) Used to span large distances or need flexible x-
mission elements. Gear drives have a higher torque
capability but not flexible or cheap.
3.) Often used as torque increaser (speed reducer),
max speed ratio: 3.5:1. Gear drives?? Virtually
unlimited!

Applications? Show rust abrader, glove factory, draw sample drive of rust abrader, show slides from mechanism book.

Sometimes
desirable to
have both chain
and belt drive
(Fig 7.1)

Belt: high
speed/low
torque

Chain: Low
speed/high
torque
Belts vs. Chains
Belts

Chains
Use When:
Speed:
Dis:
Advs:

High Speed, Low T High T, Low Speed
2500 < V
t
< 7000 ft./min.

V < 1500 ft./min.

Must design with standard
lengths, wear, creep,
corrosive environment, slip,
temp., when must have
tension need idler
Must be lubricated,
wear, noise, weight,
vibration
Quiet, flexible, cost Strength, length
flexibility
Types of Belts:

a)V-belt most common for
machine design, several
types (Fig. 7.5 7.8)
Timing belt (c & d) have
mating pulleys to
minimize slippage
c) Pos retention due to
mating pulleys
d) Pos retention due to
increased contact area
Flat belt
(rubber/leather) not
shown, run on tapered
pulleys
Add notes
Types of V-Belts
V-belt Drive Design Process
Need rated power of the driving motor/prime mover. BASE
sizing on this.
Service factor based on type of driver and driven load.
Center distance (adjustment for center distance must be
provided or use idler pulley) nominal range D2 < C < 3(D2 +
D1)
Power rating for one belt as a function of size and speed of the
smaller sheave
Belt length (then choose standard size)
Sizing of sheaves (use standard size). Most commercially
available sheaves should be limited to 6500 ft/min belt speed.
Belt length correction factor
Angle of wrap correction factor. Angle of wrap on smaller
sheave should be greater than 120 deg.
Number of belts
Initial tension in belts
Key Equations
1
2
2
1
2 2 1 1
2 2 1 1
2 2
D
D
D D
R R
b
=
= = = =
e
e
e e
e e u
Belt speed (no
slipping) =
Speed
ratio =
Pitch dias of
sheaves
12
1 1
n D
b
t
u =
Belt speed
ft/min
Pitch dia
in inches
rpm
Key Equations
Belt length:

Center Distance:

Where,

C
D D
D D C L
4
) (
) (
2
2
2
1 2
1 2

+ + + =
t
16
) ( 32
2
1 2
2
D D B B
C
+
=
) ( 2 4
1 2
D D L B = t
Note: usually belt length standard
(use standard belt length table 7-2),
then calculate C based on fixed L
Recommended D
2
< C < 3(D
2
+D
1
)
Key Equations cont
Angle of contact of belt on each sheave
(

=

C
D D
2
sin 2 180
1 2
1
1
u
(

+ =

C
D D
2
sin 2 180
1 2
1
2
u
Note: Select Ds and Cs so maximum contact (
1
+
2
= 180). If
less then smaller sheave could slip and will need reduction factor
(Table 7-14).
V-Belt Design Example
Given: 4 cylinder Diesel runs @ 80hp, 1800 rpm to
drive a water pump (1200 rpm) for less than 6
hr./day

Find: Design V-belt drive
V-belt Design Example Cont
1.) Calculate design power:
Use table 7-1(<6h/day, pump, 4 cyl. Engine)

Design Power = input power x service factor
= 80 hp x 1.1
= 88 hp
V-belt Design Example Cont
2.) Select belt type, Use table 7-9
Design Power = 88 hp
Speed = 1800 rpm
Choose 5V
V-belt Design Example Cont
3.) Calculate speed ratio
SR = w
1
/w
2

= 1800 rpm/1200 rpm
= 1.5
V-belt Design Example Cont
4.) Determine sheave sizes
Choose belt speed of 4000 ft/min

(Recall 2500ft./min. < v
b
< 7000 ft./min)

in
n
v
D
n D
v
b
b
488 . 8
1800 *
4000 * 12 12
12
1
1
1 1
= = = =
t t
t
So
D
1
= 8.488in

D
2
= SR * D
1
= 1.5 * 8.488

D
2
= 12.732in

5.) Find sheave size (Figure 7-11)
Engine (D
1
)
8.4
8.4
8.9
X 1.5
12.6
12.6
13.35
Standard D
2
12.4
13.1
13.1
Actual n
2
1219
1154
1223
V-belt Design Example Cont
**All look OK, we will try the first one
Must find acceptable standard sheave 1, then corresponding
acceptable sheave 2
2
1 1
2
1
2
2
1
D
n D
n
D
D
n
n
= =
V-belt Design Example Cont
6.) Find rated power (use figure 7-11 again)
Rated Power = 21 hp
V-belt Design Example Cont
Adjust for speed ratio to get total power/belt
Total power = 21hp +1.55hp = 21.55hp
V-belt Design Example Cont
7.) Find estimated center distance
D
2
< C < 3(D
2
+D
1
)
12.4 < C < 3 (12.4 + 8.4)
Notice using standard
sheave sizes found
earlier, not calculated
diameters
12.4 < C < 62.4
To provide service access will try towards long end,
try C = 40
V-belt Design Example Cont
8.) Find belt length
C
D D
D D C L
4
) (
) (
2
2
2
1 2
1 2

+ + + =
t
in
in
in
in in L 765 . 112
) 40 ( 4
) 4 (
) 8 . 20 ( 57 . 1 ) 40 ( 2
2
= + + =
V-belt Design Example Cont
9.) Select standard belt length
L
calc
= 112.765
Choose 112
V-belt Design Example Cont
10.) Calculate actual center distance

) ( 2 4
1 2
D D L B = t
" 367 . 317
) 8 . 20 ( 28 . 6 ) 112 ( 4
=
=
B
B
16
) ( 32
2
1 2
2
D D B B
C
+
=
" 62 . 39
16
) 4 ( 32 367 . 317 367 . 317
2 2
=
+
=
C
C
V-belt Design Example Cont
11.) Find wrap angle, small sheave
(

=

C
D D
2
sin 2 180
1 2
1
1
u
=
(

=

2 . 174
) 62 . 39 ( 2
4
sin 2 180
1
1
1
u
u
V-belt Design Example Cont
12.) Determine correction factors
98 . =
u
C
98 . =
L
C
V-belt Design Example Cont
13.) Calculate corrected power
hp
hp
P C C Power Corrected
L
61 . 21
) 5 . 22 )( 98 )(. 98 (.
=
=
=
u
V-belt Design Example Cont
14.) Belts needed
07 . 4
/ 61 . 21
88
#
Power/belt Corrected
(hp) Power Design
#
= =
=
belt hp
hp
belts
belts
Use 4 belts!
V-belt Design Example Cont
15.) Summary

D
1
=8.4
D
2
=12.4
Belt Length = 112
Center Distance = 39.62
4 Belts Needed
Chain Drives
Chain Drives
Types of Chains
Chain Drives
Roller Chain Construction (Most common Type)
Chain Design Process
1.) # of sprocket teeth, N
1
(smaller sprocket) > 17 (unless
low speed < 100 rpm.)
2.) Speed ratio = n
1
/n
2
7
3.) 30 x Pitch Length < Center Distance < 50 x Pitch Length
4.) Angle of contact of chain on smaller sprocket > 120
5.) # sprocket teeth, N
2
(longer sprocket) < 120
s
Chain Drives
Chain Drives Design Example
Given:
Driver: Hydraulic Motor
Driven: Rock Crusher
n
i
= 625 rpm, 100 hp
n
o
= 225 rpm
Find:
Design belt drive

Chain Drives Design Example
1.) Design Power
DP = SF x HP
DP = 1.4 ( Table 7-8) x 100 hp
DP = 140 hp
Chain Drives Design Example
2.) Calculate Velocity Ratio

rpm
rpm
VR
N
N
n
n
VR
i
o
o
i
225
625
=
= =
VR = 2.78
n = speed
N = teeth
Heavy Requirement!!
Chain Drives Design Example
3.) Choose:
Size - (40, 60, 80) 80 (1in)
# Strands use 4
Required HP/chain = 140hp/3.3
= 42.42 hp/chain
Number of Roller
Chain Strands
Multiple Strand
Factor
2 1.7
3 2.5
4 3.3
5 3.9
6 4.6
25
78 . 2
o
i
o
N
N
N
VR = = =
No = 69.5 use 70 teeth
Chain Drives Design Example
Conclusion:
4 Strands
No. 80 Chain
N
i
= 25 Teeth
N
o
= 70 Teeth
Chain Drive Design Example
Guess center distance: 40 Pitches

) 40 ( 4
) 25 70 (
2
25 70
) 40 ( 2 ) (
4
) (
2
2 ) (
2
2
2
2
1 2 1 2
t
t

+
+
+ =
+
+
+
+ =
pitches L
C
N N N N
C pitches L
L = 128.8 pitches use 130 pitches
Chain Drives Design Example
Actual Center Distance, C
(
(

+
+
+
=
(
(

+
+
+
=
2
2
2
2
2
1 2
2
1 2 1 2
4
) 25 70 ( 8
2
25 75
130
2
25 70
130
4
1
) (
4
) ( 8
2 2 4
1
) (
t
t
pitches C
N N N N
L
N N
L pitches C
C = 40.6 use 40 Pitches

Common questions