How does the addition of coconut fiber affect the durability of pervious concrete in terms of:
1.1 Water absorption;
Water Absorption Test Data
FORMULA:
Water absorption test for pervious concrete with coconut fiber (24 hours immersed).
Test no. Dry mass Wet mass Water absorbed
(kg) (kg) (%)
1 7.790 7.935 1.86%
2 7.630 7.795 2.16%
3 7.615 7.780 2.17%
There is a low level of water absorption observed in the pervious concrete samples reinforced with
coconut fiber after 24 hours of immersion. The average water absorption of 2.06% indicates that the material
maintains acceptable durability and moisture resistance, making it suitable for permeable pavement applications
while benefiting from the reinforcing effect of coconut fiber.
Water absorption test for conventional concrete without coconut fiber (24 hours immersed).
Test no. Dry mass Wet mass Water absorbed
(kg) (kg) (%)
1 7.190 7.405 2.99%
2 7.060 7.265 2.90%
3 7.105 2.997.310 2.89%
The conventional concrete specimens exhibited an average water absorption of 2.93% after 24 hours of
immersion, which is higher than the pervious concrete reinforced with coconut fiber. This indicates that the
addition of coconut fiber in pervious concrete contributed to improved resistance to water absorption. Lower
water absorption implies better durability and reduced susceptibility to moisture-related deterioration.
1.2 Compressive strength
Compressive Strength Test Data
FORMULA:
Test report on compressive strength of pervious concrete cubes (with coconut fiber).
Specimen No. Size of Sample Area Machine Compressive Strength
(mm 2) Reading
Width Length (kN) Psi MPa
(mm ) (mm )
1 150.00 150.00 22,500 226.95 1463 10.09
2 150.00 150.00 22,500 235.14 1515 10.45
3 150.00 150.00 22,500 240.19 1548 10.68
The test results show that the compressive strength of pervious concrete cubes reinforced with coconut fiber
ranges from 10.09 MPa to 10.68 MPa, with an average strength of 10.41 MPa.
The variation among specimens is minimal, indicating consistent mixing and curing. The inclusion of coconut
fiber may have contributed to improved crack resistance, although pervious concrete generally exhibits lower
compressive strength compared to conventional concrete due to its high porosity.
Test report on compressive strength of conventional concrete cubes (without coconut fiber).
Specimen No. Size of Sample Area Machine Compressive Strength
(mm 2) Reading
Width Length (kN) Psi MPa
(mm ) (mm )
1 150.00 150.00 22,500 259.68 1673 11.54
2 150.00 150.00 22,500 267.44 1724 11.89
3 150.00 150.00 22,500 261.68 1686 11.63
The conventional concrete cubes achieved an average compressive strength of 11.69 MPa, which is
higher than the pervious concrete with coconut fiber. This confirms that conventional concrete is more suitable
for structural applications requiring higher load-bearing capacity, while pervious concrete is more appropriate
for drainage and light-load pavement purposes.
How does the addition of coconut fiber affect the permeability of pervious concrete?
Permeability Test Data
FORMULA:
Simple infiltration rate of pervious concrete (with coconut fiber)
Test No. Volume of Water Surface area of Area of the Time it takes Infiltration
(mm3 ¿ the sealed Sealed for water to Rate
(mm 2) infiltrate (mm /s)
Length Width (s)
(mm ) (mm )
1 3kg/ 3000000 mm3 150.0 150.0 22,500 23.54s 5.66 mm /s
2 3kg/ 3000000 mm3 150.0 150.0 22,500 20.92s 6.37mm /s
3 3kg/ 3000000 mm3 150.0 150.0 22,500 22.52s 5.92 mm /s
The permeability test results show that the pervious concrete containing coconut fiber has a high infiltration
rate, with values ranging from 5.66 mm/s to 6.37 mm/s. The average infiltration rate of 5.98 mm/s indicates that
the concrete allows water to pass through quickly. This means that the pervious concrete with coconut fiber is
effective in allowing water infiltration, which makes it suitable for applications
Simple infiltration rate of conventional concrete (without coconut fiber)
Test No. Volume of Water Surface area of Area of the Time it takes Infiltration
(mm3 ¿ the sealed Sealed for water to Rate
(mm 2) infiltrate (mm /s)
Length Width (s)
(mm ) (mm )
1 3kg/ 3000000 mm3 150.0 150.0 22,500 7227s 0.02 mm /s
2 3kg/ 3000000 mm3 150.0 150.0 22,500 8184s 0.02 mm /s
3 3kg/ 3000000 mm3 150.0 150.0 22,500 8940s 0.01 mm /s
The infiltration rate of conventional concrete is extremely low, ranging from 0.01 mm/s to 0.02 mm/s. This
demonstrates that conventional concrete is nearly impermeable, and water takes a very long time to pass
through.
Is there a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in terms of:
Water Absorption
Paired Samples Test
Paired Differences
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Std.
Difference
Std. Error Sig. (2-
Mean Deviation Mean Lower Upper t df tailed)
Pair Pervious_concrete_with_coconut_fiber-.8633 .23116 .13346 -1.43756 -.28911 - 2 .023
1 - Conventional_concrete 3 6.469
A paired samples t-test was conducted to compare the water absorption of pervious concrete with
coconut fiber and conventional concrete. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the
two mixes, t(2) = −6.469, p = 0.023. The pervious concrete with coconut fiber exhibited significantly lower
water absorption than conventional concrete (Mean difference = −0.863, 95% CI [−1.438, −0.289]). This
indicates that the inclusion of coconut fiber reduces the water absorption of pervious concrete. Reduced water
absorption may contribute to improved resistance against moisture.
Compressive Strength
Paired Samples Test
Paired Differences
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Std. Std. Error Sig. (2-
Mean Deviation Mean Lower Upper t df tailed)
Pair Pervious_concrete_coconut_fiber- .28583 .16503 -1.99005 -.56995 -7.756 2 .016
1 - Conventional_concrete 1.28000
A paired samples t-test was conducted to compare the compressive strength of pervious concrete with
coconut fiber and conventional concrete. The results revealed a statistically significant difference between the
two mixtures, t(2) = −7.756, p = 0.016. The compressive strength of pervious concrete with coconut fiber was
significantly lower than that of conventional concrete (Mean difference = −1.280, 95% CI [−1.990, −0.570]).
Although strength decreased, this reduction may be acceptable for applications, where high compressive
strength is not the primary requirement.
Permeability
Paired Samples Test
Paired Differences
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Std. Std. Error Sig. (2-
Mean Deviation Mean Lower Upper t df tailed)
Pair Pervious_concrete_coconut_fiber5.96667.35838 .20691 5.07641 6.85692 28.8372 .001
1 - Conventional_concrete
Paired samples t-test was conducted to compare the permeability of pervious concrete with coconut
fiber and conventional concrete. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the two mixes,
t(2) = 28.837, p = 0.001. The permeability of pervious concrete with coconut fiber was significantly higher than
that of conventional concrete (Mean difference = 5.967, 95% CI [5.076, 6.857]). The positive mean difference
indicates that pervious concrete with coconut fiber has significantly higher permeability than conventional
concrete. Enhanced flow channels created by fiber inclusion.