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Sensor Notes QuestionBank

The document provides an overview of sensors and transducers, detailing their definitions, types, and functions. It includes information on various sensor types such as proximity, tactile, current, ultrasonic, rotary encoders, temperature sensors, optocouplers, accelerometers, and Hall Effect sensors. Additionally, a question bank with answers is provided, covering key concepts and applications related to these sensors.

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9 views2 pages

Sensor Notes QuestionBank

The document provides an overview of sensors and transducers, detailing their definitions, types, and functions. It includes information on various sensor types such as proximity, tactile, current, ultrasonic, rotary encoders, temperature sensors, optocouplers, accelerometers, and Hall Effect sensors. Additionally, a question bank with answers is provided, covering key concepts and applications related to these sensors.

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shreyashrasure821
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NOTES AND QUESTION BANK WITH ANSWERS – SENSOR UNIT

--- NOTES ---


1. Definition of Sensor & Transducer
Sensor: device detecting physical changes and producing proportional signals.
Transducer: converts one form of energy into another.
2. Active & Passive Sensors
Active: no external power (thermocouple, photodiode).
Passive: need external power (strain gauge).
3. Proximity Sensors
Types: Inductive, Capacitive, IR, Ultrasonic.
Inductive: detects only metals using electromagnetic field.
Capacitive: detects metals & non-metals based on capacitance change.
IR: uses IR reflection.
Ultrasonic: distance using echo time.
4. Tactile Sensors
Require physical contact. Used in robotics for shape, pressure, force etc.
5. Current Sensor
Uses EM induction. EMF ∝ current.
6. Ultrasonic Sensor
Distance = (time × speed)/2.
7. Rotary Encoder
Speed/position using pulses from optical disk.
8. Temperature Sensors
Types: NTC, RTD, Thermocouple, Semiconductor.
9. Optocoupler
Isolates two circuits using light.
10. Accelerometer
Measures acceleration using piezoelectric effect.
11. Hall Effect Sensor
Detects magnetic field; used in automotive, electronics, motors.
--- QUESTION BANK WITH ANSWERS ---
1. What is the difference between a sensor and a transducer?
Answer: A sensor detects physical input; a transducer converts energy from one form to another.
2. Name two active and two passive sensors.
Answer: Active – thermocouple, photodiode; Passive – strain gauge, RTD.
3. Why inductive sensors cannot detect plastic?
Answer: They work on electromagnetic induction which only reacts to metals.
4. What principle does capacitive sensor use?
Answer: Change in capacitance between sensor surface and object.
5. Write one advantage and disadvantage of capacitive sensors.
Answer: Advantage – detects all materials; Disadvantage – affected by humidity/dust.
6. What is the formula for ultrasonic distance?
Answer: D = (Time × Speed of sound)/2.
7. What does a rotary encoder measure?
Answer: Speed and position using optical pulses.
8. Which temperature sensor has highest accuracy?
Answer: RTD (Platinum).
9. What is an optocoupler used for?
Answer: Electrical isolation between high and low voltage circuits.
10. State one application of accelerometer.
Answer: Screen rotation in smartphones.
11. What is the working principle of Hall Effect sensor?
Answer: Voltage generated when current-carrying conductor is placed in magnetic field.

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