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Circulatory System Notes

The circulatory system in animals can be classified into open and closed systems, with invertebrates typically having an open system and vertebrates, including humans, having a closed system. The human circulatory system consists of the blood vascular system and the lymphatic system, with the heart acting as a pump that circulates blood through four chambers and valves. Key functions include oxygen transport, carbon dioxide removal, and the distinction between pulmonary and systemic circulation.

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Circulatory System Notes

The circulatory system in animals can be classified into open and closed systems, with invertebrates typically having an open system and vertebrates, including humans, having a closed system. The human circulatory system consists of the blood vascular system and the lymphatic system, with the heart acting as a pump that circulates blood through four chambers and valves. Key functions include oxygen transport, carbon dioxide removal, and the distinction between pulmonary and systemic circulation.

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shambhavimishra8299
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Circulatory system aids in the circulation of various substances like oxygen,

hormones, nutrients and cellular wastes.


There are two types of the circulatory system present in animals:
1. Open circulatory system: The blood pumped by the heart passes through
vessels into open spaces, or body cavities called the sinuses. This is called
the open circulatory system. Invertebrates like arthropods and molluscs have
an open circulatory system.
2. Closed circulatory system: The blood pumped by the heart circulated
through a closed network of blood vessels. This is called the closed
circulatory system. Annelids and all the vertebrates have a closed circulatory
system.

The components of the circulatory system:


 Heart
 Blood
 Blood vessels - the arteries, veins and capillaries.
The heart acts as a pump that pushes blood throughout the body to reach all
the tissues.
Human circulatory system
The circulatory system of humans constitutes the closed type. It is composed of
the blood vascular system and the lymphatic system.
The blood vascular system comprises the heart, blood and its vessels. The
lymphatic system comprises the lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic capillaries,
lymphatic nodes and ducts.
Heart
The human heart is present between the lungs in the thoracic cavity. It is a
hollow muscular organ of cardiac muscles that is a size of our fist.
Human heart

The blood transports both oxygen and carbon dioxide, and thus the heart
has four different chambers that prevent the O2-rich blood from mixing with the
blood containing CO2. The four chambers include the:
 Right atrium
 Right ventricle
 Left atrium
 Left ventricle
Valves

There is the presence of four valves in the heart. They include:


 Mitral or bicuspid valve - present between left atrium and ventricle.
 Tricuspid valve - present between right atrium and ventricle.
 Pulmonary valve - present between the right ventricle and pulmonary
artery.
 Pulmonary circulation - blood moves from the heart to the
lungs and back to the heart.
 Systemic circulation - blood moves from the heart to the rest
of the body and back to the heart. Systemic circulation carries
oxygen to the tissues of the body and also removes CO2 from the
tissues.
 The ventricles need to pump blood to the various organs, and thus
they have thicker muscular walls than the atria.

Circulatory system
[Link] is blood circulation in the human heart called double circulation?
[Link] is the advantage of having a four-chambered heart?
3. Why do veins have thin walls as compared to arteries?
4. What will happen if platelets were absent in the blood?

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