GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC PART - A

CONTENTS
PRODDATUR Q. No. 1. (a) Articles
(b) Prepositions
Q. No. 2. (a) Synonyms
(b) Antonyms
(c) Affixes - Prefixes
(c) Affixes - Suffixes
Q. No. 3. (a) Primary Auxiliaries
(b) Modal Auxiliaries
Q. No. 4. Verb Forms / Tenses
Q. No. 5. Active and Passive Voice
FIRST YEAR Q. No. 6. (a) Choosing Appropriate Degree of Comparison
(b) & (c) Transformation of Degrees of Comparison
101 ENGLISH
Q. No. 7. (a) Framing Polite Forms
[C-23] (b) Framing negative sentences
WORKBOOK & STUDY MATERIAL (c) Question tags
Q. No. 8. (a) Conjunctions
(b) & (c) Combining Sentences
Q. No. 9. Direct and Indirect Speech
Q. No.10. Correction of Sentences

NAME : ………………………………………………………… PART - B

Q. No. 11. Paragraph Writing
PIN : …………………………………………………………
Q. No. 12. Giving Instructions
BRANCH : …………………………………………………………. Q. No. 13. Dialogue Writing
Q. No. 14. Essay Writing
Q. No. 15. Letter Writing
Q. No. 16. Report Writing
Q. No. 17. a) Drafting an E-mail
b) Framing Questions
Q. No. 18. Reading Comprehension Passage
 Common – 101 5. Change the voice of the following sentences:
a) My elder brother paid my exam fee yesterday.
BOARD DIPLOMA EXAMINATION, (C-23) b) These two chapters will be taught in the next month.
APRIL / MAY – 2024 c) They are constructing a new house.
FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION
ENGLISH - (MODEL QUESTION PAPER) 6. Rewrite the following sentences as directed:
Time: 3 Hours] [Total Marks: 80 a) Fill in the blank with an appropriate degree of the adjective given in the
bracket.
PART- A The Pacific is (big) of all oceans.
Instructions: 1) Answer all questions. 3 x 10 = 30 M b) No other food item is as nutritious as honey.
2) Each question carries three marks. (Change into comparative degree)
c) Bangalore is one of the beautiful cities of India.
1. a) Fill in the blanks with appropriate articles: (Change into positive degree)
My father sent me envelope through messenger and
cover contained a blank cheque in my favour. 7. Rewrite the following sentences as directed:
a) You need two thousand rupees to buy a new a pair of shoes.
b) Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions: (Write a polite expression asking your father for money)
My mother arranged a beautiful flower vase my study table, just b) Our pet pigeons flew away last night. (Convert into a negative sentence)
beside my computer which she keeps fresh flowers every day. c) She is from Chennai, ? (Add a suitable question tag)
The vase is made ceramic.
8. Change the following sentences as directed:
2. a) Give synonyms for the words: i) depressed ii) caricature a) Ramesh can‘t reach me on time he travels by a superfast train.
b) Give antonyms for the words: i) natural ii) visible (Fill in the blank with a suitable conjunction)
c) Add affixes to the words: i) prefer ii) proper b) Though the long bell was given, the children stayed in the classroom.
(Change into a simple sentence)
3. a) Fill in the blanks with suitable Primary Auxiliary Verbs: (Be / Do / Have c) Get a ticket on a sleeper coach and then you can sleep during the
forms) journey.
i) All the books already been sold out. (Change into a complex sentence)
ii) She paid condonation fees as she not attend the classes regularly
last summer. 9. Change the speech of the following sentences as directed:
iii) Why you not giving me reply? a) Tarun said, ―Prathima, I shall return your notes tomorrow.‖
(Change into reported speech)
b) Fill in the blanks with suitable Modal Auxiliary Verbs based on the b) Arjun requested her sister Priya not to disturb him while he was studying.
clues given in brackets: (Change into direct speech)
i) Pratap is an ambidextrous; he write with his two hands. (ability) c) Teacher said, ―Students, why are you talking in the class?‖
ii) Jyothsna pay the tuition fee by tomorrow. (obligation) (Change into reported speech)
iii) My grandfather to ride a horse in his youth. (past habit)
10. Correct the following sentences:
4. Fill in the blanks with suitable verb form using the base form given the in the
a) These flowers are smelling sweet.
brackets:
a) Suma (bring) a pup to the class yesterday. b) Either the father or his children has arrived home early.
b) Johnny (play) the piano in a music band every weekend. c) Every bike rider should abide to the traffic rules.
c) Girija (watch) a movie on TV when I visited her last Sunday.
 PART- B digesting food. These are only a few examples of the wide range of illnesses and
symptoms resulting from stress. Emotions are also easily affected by stress. People
Instructions: 1) Answer any FIVE questions. 5 x 10 = 50 M suffering from stress often feel anxious. They may have panic attacks. They may
2) Each question carries TEN marks.
feel tired all the time. When people are under stress, they often overreact to little
3) Answers should be comprehensive and criterion for
valuation is the content but not the length of the answer. problems. For example, a normally gentle parent under a lot of stress at work may
yell at a child for dropping a glass of juice. Stress can make people angry, moody,
11. Write a paragraph in 120 words about the problems you are experiencing in or nervous.
speaking English and your own solutions to overcome them. Long-term stress can lead to a variety of serious mental illnesses.
Depression, an extreme feeling of sadness and hopelessness, can be the result of
12. Write a set of instructions to create a word file and insert a table using MS office continued and increasing stress. Alcoholism and other addictions often develop as
on a computer.
a result of overuse of alcohol or drugs to try to relieve stress. Eating disorders,
13. Write a dialogue in at least eight turns between a sales person at a readymade such as anorexia, are sometimes caused by stress and are often made worse by
garment showroom and you, as you want to buy a readymade dress. stress. If stress is allowed to continue, then one‘s mental health is put at risk.
It is obvious that stress is a serious problem. It attacks the body. It affects
14. Write an essay in about 175 words on valuing the opposite gender and show the emotions. Untreated, it may eventually result in mental illness. Stress has a
mutual respect. great influence on the health and well-being of our bodies, our feelings, and our
minds. So, reduce stress: stop the world and rest for a while.
15. Write a letter to the Municipal Commissioner about the menace of street dogs
in your area.
Questions
a) What does stress mean according to the passage?
16. Imagine that your class had visited an industry/organization relevant to your
b) Too much stress results in .
branch of engineering. Write a report about the visit to submit to your HOD.
c) How do people under stress react?
d) What does the expression ―Stop the world, I want to get off!‖ refer to?
17. Write an e-mail to your cousin requesting him/her to send you the diploma study e) How does long term stress affect our health?
material by a courier or post. f) Name the important body organs and systems which get affected due to
stress.
g) Write the example given in the passage which narrates domestic disturbance
18. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow:
due to stress.
There is a famous expression in English: ―Stop the world, I want to get off!‖
h) Write the synonym of ‗illness‘.
This expression refers to a feeling of panic, or stress, that makes a person want to i) Write the antonym of ‗important‘.
stop whatever they are doing, try to relax, and become calm again. ‗Stress‘ means j) Write one of your stress busting activities which you do to get out of your
pressure or tension. It is one of the most common causes of health problems in stress.
modern life. Too much stress results in physical, emotional, and mental health
problems.
There are numerous physical effects of stress. Stress can affect the heart. It can
increase the pulse rate, make the heart miss beats, and can cause high blood
pressure. Stress can affect the respiratory system. It can lead to asthma. It can
cause a person to breathe too fast, resulting in a loss of important carbon dioxide.
Stress can affect the stomach. It can cause stomach aches and problems of
 Q. No. 1 (a) ARTICLES Q. No. 1 (a) ARTICLES
PRACTICE TEST – 1 PRACTICE TEST – 2
Fill in the blanks with suitable articles. Fill in the blanks with suitable articles.
1. Asia is continent. 1. Bachendri Pal is first woman to climb Mount Everest.
2. earth is planet. 2. I told him thousand times not to repeat the mistake.
3. Ravindra Bharati is auditorium. 3. Can you find me small house for rent?
4. moon is satellite. 4. Sri Gandham Chandrudu is IAS officer.
5. Hyderabad is city. 5. He feels as if he were Kalidasa.
6. Our dog is sleeping under bed. 6. police have been informed about the accident.
7. My father will come to college to meet principal. 7. They sell oil at Rs.200 a liter.
8. He likes to have banana every morning. 8. Mummy is in kitchen.
9. higher you go, colder it gets. 9. Here is pen you lost in the class yesterday
10. rich ought to help poor. 10. Bengal tiger is on extinction.
11. earth moves around sun. 11. Christians believe in trinity.
12. judge sentenced him to five years' imprisonment. 12. The Hindus read Gita.
13. flattering tongue is never respected. 13. lady standing at the principal‘s room is my English teacher.
14. Alexander, Great, invaded India. 14. dinner we had at Anand Vihar was very costly.
15. There was time when we were all busy. 15. Many freedom fighters used English to fight against English.
16. This happened at time when we were all busy in the garden. 16. Japanese are very intelligent.
17. Gold is precious metal. 17. flute and the tabala make a wonderful combination.
18. Krishna went to rescue of Arjuna. 18. Do you know where I left book?
19. Italy is European country. 19. For me the breakfast is best meal of the day.
20. The girl is orphan. 20. We skip dinner/ supper on Saturdays.
21. I waited for you for hour and half. 21. My father came to college to enquire about my performance.
22. This is really unfortunate incident. 22. US and England are allies.
23. Only few days are left for the examination. 23. The airplane belongs to Peoples‘ Republic of China.
24. eclipse is caused when moon comes between the sun and the earth. 24. Himalayas are in the north of India.
25. Eat apple every day in morning. 25. Rishi Valley is in AP.
26. Can you shut door please? 26. Thar Desert is also called Great Indian Desert.
27. Hindus worship the cow. 27. Government of AP has successfully connected both the rivers.
28. honesty is best policy. 28. They held meeting in the central library.
29. Do you know answer? 29. God created man.
30. I saw one-legged beggar in park. 30. Akbar is second greatest emperor among Mughals.
31. I cannot remember story that he told me. 31. Babur is first Mughal kind in India.
32. This is book that I was looking for. 32. Hockey is interesting game.
33. He is best batsman in team. 33. higher we go, the cooler the weather is.
34. He is excellent painter. 34. This is better of the two saris.
35. Mrs. Surabhi Bharati is good teacher. 35. Tripura is in north east of India.
36. Men should learn art of cooking. 36. One day they will find medicine for AIDS.
37. She bought race horse. 37. apples are good for health.
38. number of students this year is average. 38. The apples of Kashmir are best.
39. sun rises in east. 39. Telugu is called Italian of the East.
40. number of students were under age. 40. Maldives and Andamans are in the Bay of Bengal.
 Q. No. 1 (a) ARTICLES Q. No. 1 (a) ARTICLES
PRACTICE TEST – 3 PRACTICE TEST – 4
Fill in the blanks with suitable articles. Fill in the blanks with suitable articles.
1. Smoking is dirty habit. 1. My uncle lives in U.K.
2. Kalyan bought pair of trousers for his brother. 2. He speaks like born orator.
3. Mohan gave Shanthi hundred rupee note. 3. Beyond doubt this man is honest.
4. Lalitha bought gift for her husband. 4. Have you ever tried climbing coconut tree?
5. He is sincere officer and honest person. 5. Birds of feather flock together.
6. No one can ignore such interesting detail. 6. Wherever one goes, one hears same story.
7. The students cleaned school premises. 7. You can pursue this course in University of Texas.
8. The older we grow wiser we become. 8. After such hard work, he requires long rest.
9. Indian soldier was killed in firing. 9. best way to learn a language is to speak it.
10. She won gold medal in table tennis. 10. FIR was filed against the CEO of the firm.
11. He thinks he is Amitab Bachchan. 11. What piece of work man is!
12. Could you please switch off light? 12. If you see him, give him message.
13. He has had really difficult life. 13. cow is a useful animal.
14. This is a Grammar of English language. 14. rose is a beautiful flower. .
15. There is orange in basket. 15. We saw several animals in zoo.
16. They entered into agreement. 16. My brother is MCA student.
17. Have you ever seen dead snake? 17. Mahabharata is an epic of 18 cantos.
18. Mr. Frank is European. 18. Pacific is the deepest of all oceans.
19. He uses old laptop. 19. I found error in sentence.
20. This is book which I lent you last week. 20. I became grandfather last week.
21. Thirteen loaves of bread make baker‘s dozen. 21. Rajanikanth is darling of Tamil Nadu.
22. Ashoka, great, was the first king to shun war. 22. In this job you are paid by hour.
23. Gate Way of India was built in 1880's. 23. He narrated us interesting story.
24. Freedom, equality and fraternity are the fruits of French Revolution. 24. Much water has run under bridge since then.
25. world knows nothing of its greatest men. 25. He has his finger on pulse of nation.
26. architect is a professional who draws plans for buildings. 26. She persevered in face of all obstacles.
27. Eskimos make houses of ice. 27. I want to buy medical insurance policy.
28. jury found him guilty of murder. 28. President issued ordinance regarding places of worship.
29. Great is your reward in Heaven. 29. President Lincoln abolished system of slavery in U.S.A.
30. postman looked tired at the end of the day. 30. Wherever you go, be good citizen.
31. Wild beasts in small cages are sorry sight. 31. Come what may, don‘t offer bribe to officer.
32 friend in need is friend indeed. 32. The room is fitted with automatic camera.
33. A grey cloud spread over sky. 33. She is nurse in this hospital.
34. Rajputs were very fond of martial glory. 34. Shushma always carries umbrella.
35 tops of mountains were covered with snow. 35. My aunt loves the music of South.
36. I have done well on whole. 36. She gave long speech on politics.
37. Nothing can live on moon. 37. Pramod received telegram yesterday.
38. Robinson lived in middle of a great wood. 38. India is ancient country.
39. The Himalayas stand to north of India. 39. I got e-mail from my friend.
40. Of all the musical instruments, flute touches my heart most. 40. The finance minister was main speaker in the seminar.
 Q. No. 1 (b) PREPOSITIONS Q. No. 1 (b) PREPOSITIONS
PRACTICE PAPER – 1 PRACTICE PAPER – 2
Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.
1. The cat jumped the rat. 1. The sun was hidden the clouds.
2. She held her pen her fingers. 2. I have seen that film .
3. Don‘t jump hasty conclusions. 3. A quarrel arose the two brothers.
4. The police took the miscreants custody. 4. There were muddy foot marks all the corridor.
5. Don‘t judge a person his appearance. 5. She went for shopping her father.
6. It is difficult to live writing alone. 6. He sat with arms the chest.
7. Machines are driven steam. 7. What do you think him?
8. The headmaster is very popular his students. 8. The minaret could be seen the trees.
9. I was disgusted his talk. 9. the Bible, God created the world in six days.
10. He is capable doing hard work. 10. There is someone the curtain.
11. He jumped my offer. 11. The criminals were brought the judge.
12. We congratulated him his success. 12. It is about hundred miles Nellore and Guntur.
13. I cannot agree you completely. 13. I have never come such an idiot.
14. Could you supply me a notebook? 14. Books and waste paper are lying the room.
15. His teachers are displeased his work. 15. As a scholar he is far me.
16. He is careless his health. 16. The police man ran the thief.
17. He is careful his money. 17. Z comes Y in the alphabet.
18. This man is eligible the post. 18. Cloth merchants started a protest GST.
19. He is ignorant the basic rules of health. 19. Some animals hibernate the winter.
20. He was condemned death for murder. 20. Please close the gate you.
21. I must provide myself an umbrella. 21. We hope to go home six o‘ clock.
22. This stick differs that in length by one foot. 22. He swam the river.
23. He was invited dinner. 23. Tell me all the place you know.
24. Padma has great affection her father. 24. The sun rose the horizon.
25. You can reach the museum bus in an hour. 25. Repeat these words me.
26. The workers were strike. 26. He hit his head the wall.
27. I listened the music on the radio. 27. The sun gives us light the day.
28. He left Delhi. 28. His behaviour was reproach.
29. He left the morning March 10th. 29. He entered the house happiness.
30. Are you tired waiting? 30. He has nearly fifty men him.
31. I acquainted him the facts of the case. 31. Intense cold turns water ice.
32. Everyone stood silence. 32. He took to drinking my advice.
33. I have an account this bank. 33. There is a village the hills.
34. When shall I start New Delhi. 34. He had a pleasant talk a cup of tea.
35. Two boys passed the cottage. 35. His ideas were his times.
36. She is good music. 36. It happened ten years ago.
37. I wondered his skill. 37. Your name comes mine on the list.
38. We arrived Bombay at six in the morning. 38. The boat sank the waves.
39. You should get up the right time. 39. She has no relations an aged aunt.
40 We stayed in a place the seaside. 40. The whole matter is review.
 Q. No.1 (b) PREPOSITIONS Q. No.1 (b) PREPOSITIONS
PRACTICE PAPER – 3 PRACTICE PAPER – 4
Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.
1. He started six the morning. 1. She will return Monday morning.
2. She was born a small village Andhra Pradesh. 2. Shyam hit the dog a wooden stick.
3. My son came bus Sunday. 3. There are many old statues the museum.
4. The moneylender was killed thief a pistol. 4. Who are you talking ?
5. Gandhi struggled the liberation India. 5. I don‘t think he knows what he is asking .
6. The portrait was painted an Italian 15th century. 6. It is the most delightful piece of music I have ever listened .
7. My brother is fond games and good music. 7. What do you want a hammer ?
8. It is very hot the day but cold night. 8. I cannot remember what I wanted to speak to you .
9. They were married 1st January and divorced April. 9. People are not interested such matters nowadays.
10. The train arrives five the morning. 10. I arrived the office at half past ten.
11. The room was filled the sweet perfume. 11. They are going College.
12. I shall go the 10 p.m. train. 12. Man does not live bread alone.
13. Many English words are derived Latin. 13. Don‘t go out the rain.
14. He is excellent every aspect. 14. The two countries are constantly war.
15. The headmaster presided the function. 15. He seized me the arm.
16. Ramu is superior Krishna. 16. He hasn‘t been good health for two years.
17. Arabia is famous its perfumes. 17. Mr. Suresh is the Senate of the University.
18. A river flows its banks. 18. I shall meet you 4.30 p.m. Saturday.
19. Don‘t look me like that. 19. They burst out tears.
20. The dog is hidden the table. 20. We were flying the clouds.
21. We will stay here it stops raining. 21. The earth moves the sun.
22. It is not good to bath immediately eating. 22. He is careless his personal appearance.
23. Ravi sat Raju and Ganesh. 23. The temperature has been the average.
24. My house is the school. 24. She spread a cloth the table.
25. He was killed a soldier. 25. Police warned the people pick pockets.
26. He walked the theatre. 26. I saw him the crowd.
27. I know nothing her character. 27. She insisted him cleaning the garden.
28. I received my royalty cheque. 28. Rahul lives Agra.
29. Don‘t lose faith God. 29. This is a cheque five thousand rupees.
30. The land was ploughed the farmer the help of a tractor. 30. He will go home Sunday.
31. Ramu gave smoking. 31. We believe ghosts.
32. The man jumped the well. 32. Arjun is a cousin mine.
33. He jumped the wall. 33. He was stuck lightning.
34. He got up suddenly the lunch. 34. She fell the horse.
35. The PMRY is of great help the youth of AP. 35. The gardener cuts the grass a lawnmower.
36. The airplane flew the building. 36. Sometimes we don‘t have control what we do.
37. Can you recognize that man long moustache? 37. As it began to rain, people took shelter a tree.
38. She boasted her beauty. 38. Many people in our country have no roof their head.
39. There is a bridge the river. 39. I am available Monday Friday.
40. She is a woman great intelligence. 40. She spoke to me the telephone.
 Q. No. 2 (a) SYNONYMS Q. No. 2 (a) SYNONYMS
PRACTICE TEST – 1 PRACTICE TEST – 2
Give synonym to the following word. Give synonym to the following word.
1. abandon = 1. inspect = 1. rich = 1. smart =
2. natural = 2. peaceful = 2. wander = 2. miracle =
3. kind = 3. hectic = 3. valid = 3. intelligent =
4. correct = 4. pretty = 4. usual = 4. toil =
5. glad = 5. urge = 5. career = 5. wonderful =
6. faith = 6. plenty = 6. easy = 6. false =
7. clad = 7. wrath = 7. cheat = 7. evil =
8. zeal = 8. disturb = 8. crack = 8. success =
9. freedom = 9. agent = 9. income = 9. honesty =
10. bright = 10. suggest = 10. fortune = 10. vary =
11. interrogate = 11. guard = 11. govern = 11. reward =
12. proficiency = 12. timid = 12. humour = 12. plan =
13. mute = 13. courage = 13. improve = 13. target =
14. rude = 14. reveal = 14. capacity = 14. odd =
15. tough = 15. modest = 15. worth = 15. weakness =
16. rare = 16. rival = 16. vast = 16. protest =
17. mad = 17. enough = 17. unity = 17. normal =
18. open = 18. hope = 18. crack = 18. tendency =
19. pain = 19. famous = 19. together = 19. offend =
20. ordinary = 20. fancy = 20. urgent = 20. venture =
21. love = 21. sadness = 21. variety = 21. nonsense =
22. pledge = 22. noble = 22. wealth = 22. observe =
23. choose = 23. stern = 23. urban = 23. nervous =
24. old = 24. sorrow = 24. swear = 24. value =
25. dynamic = 25. primary = 25 ruin = 25. mystery =
26. perfect = 26. agony = 26. valid = 26. steady =
27. nice = 27. capacity = 27. reject = 27. lonely =
28. pardon = 28. boon = 28. patience = 28. waste =
29. aim = 29. brave = 29. trend = 29. loyal =
30. simple = 30. remember = 30. resolve = 30. source =
31. care = 31. strong = 31. obey = 31. mean =
32. idea = 32. thrive = 32. threat = 32. train =
33. skill = 33. scam = 33. permit = 33. minimum =
34. happy = 34. join = 34. suitable = 34. rural =
35. wrong = 35. trouble = 35. violent = 35. perfect =
36. quest = 36. wonder = 36. rival = 36. moral =
37. rest = 37. literate = 37. lovely = 37. terrible =
38. true = 38. nation = 38. sympathy = 38. relief =
39. harm = 39. hide = 39. obtain = 39. stupid =
40. ban = 40. perfect = 40. wage = 40. young =
 Q. No. 2 (b) ANTONYMS Q. No. 2 (b) ANTONYMS
PRACTICE TEST – 1 PRACTICE TEST – 2
Give antonym to the following word. Give antonym to the following word.
1. polite x 1. sharp x 1. problem x 1. joy x
2. absent x 2. ordinary x 2. landlord x 2. input x
3. kind x 3. kindle x 3. difficult x 3. illusion x
4. young x 4. servant x 4. profound x 4. create x
5. unity x 5. orthodox x 5. create x 5. direct x
6. true x 6. knowledge x 6. corrupt x 6. harsh x
7. transparent x 7. secular x 7. protest x 7. live x
8. shy x 8. partly x 8. delicate x 8. dawn x
9. shortage x 9. lack x 9. late x 9. idle x
10. top x 10. many x 10. never x 10. native x
11. justify x 11. safe x 11. ignore x 11. fat x
12. vague x 12. permanent x 12. large x 12. hurt x
13. trivial x 13. masculine x 13. deficit x 13. urban x
14. voluntary x 14. pride x 14. artificial x 14. loyal x
15. include x 15. sad x 15. debtor x 15. practical x
16. vertical x 16. permit x 16. assemble x 16. fresh x
17. transparent x 17. mortal x 17. negative x 17. hostile x
18. increase x 18. praise x 18. agree x 18. universal x
19. victory x 19. sacred x 19. enable x 19. teach x
20. tiny x 20. narrow x 20. neutral x 20. slave x
21. wake x 21. major x 21. fasten x 21. shortage x
22. float x 22. practice x 22. monotony x 22. host x
23. virtue x 23. rumour x 23. happy x 23. unique x
24. thick x 24. new x 24. feeble x 24. remember x
25. verbal x 25. exterior x 25. literate x 25. question x
26. fragile x 26. first x 26. deposit x 26. partly x
27. waste x 27. possible x 27. regular x 27. honest x
28. tall x 28. rude x 28. later x 28. tolerance x
29. frail x 29. normal x 29. miser x 29. modest x
30. welcome x 30. dwarf x 30. guilty x 30. tasty x
31. support x 31. poor x 31. mature x 31. succeed x
32. visit x 32. rough x 32. lead x 32. heavy x
33. freedom x 33. notice x 33. qualify x 33. public x
34. win x 34. encourage x 34. gentle x 34. offer x
35. strange x 35. pleasure x 35. solution x 35. handsome x
36. succeed x 36. rise x 36. literal x 36. quiet x
37. friend x 37. omit x 37. material x 37. pure x
38. stout x 38. famous x 38. genuine x 38. mortal x
39. wise x 39. pick x 39. marriage x 39. enroll x
40. general x 40. rigid x 40. little x 40. exit x
 Q. No. 2 (c) PREFIXES Q. No. 2 (c) PREFIXES
PRACTICE PAPER – 1 PRACTICE PAPER – 2
Fill in the blanks with suitable prefixes. Fill in the blanks with suitable prefixes.
1. mature 1. legal 1. happy 1. responsible 1. human 1. tolerable
2. visible 2. draw 2. lucky 2. typical 2. terrestrial 2. material
3. sense 3. nutrition 3. logical 3. estimate 3. tropical 3 colon
4. usual 4. proper 4. sleep 4. night 4. safe 4 specific
5. theist 5. normal 5. septic 5. hydrate 5. stick 5 standard
6. climax 6. enemy 6. biography 6. understand 6. compose 6 sight
7. little 7. lateral 7. chemistry 7. gravity 7. honesty 7. division
8. exist 8. education 8. attack 8. fertile 8. developed 8. breakable
9. forestation 9. god 9. connect 9. reliable 9. clockwise 9. guidance
10. loyal 10. order 10. function 10. title 10. view 10. medical
11. tourism 11. danger (v) 11. gulf (v) 11. violence 11. grain 11. confident
12. rich (v) 12. large (v) 12. sensitive 12. cultural 12. vitamin 12. wave
13. collegiate 13. economics 13. due 13. scope 13. impose 13. carriage
14. install 14. fund 14. esteem 14. meditate 14. engage 14. slave
15. finals 15. growth 15. lateral 15. judge 15. treat 15. view
16. grade 16. captain 16. hold 16. conception 16. courage 16. adjustment
17. play 17. age 17. fiction 17. fame 17. figure 17. marital
18. honest 18 agree 18. tidy 18. curable 18. throne 18. calculate
19. possible 19 certain 19. obey 19. domestic 19. descript 19. believe
20. appear 20. practice 20. behave 20. moralize 20. theism 20. gain
21. trust 21. please 21. chancellor 21. fix 21. habitat 21. power
22. moral 22. biotic 22. bishop 22. practical 22. line 22. operative
23. mobile 23. focal 23. moralize 23. conception 23. occupation 23. entity
24. active 24. legible 24. curable 24. judicial 24. prison 24. patient
25. decent 25. trust 25. dose 25. impose 25. flammable 25. renewable
26. code 26. justice 26. possible 26. poisonous 26. climax 26. able
27. circular 27. look 27. fast 27. danger 27. fathers 27. finger
28. fire 28. history 28. typical 28. tension 28. remember 28. adventure
29. lingual 29. facet 29. navigate 29. adjustment 29. continent 29. conscious
30. summer 30. rich 30. graduate 30. statement 30. wear 30. compatible
31. ordinary 31. sphere 31. legitimate 31. regular 31. literate 31. proper
32. organism 32. profit 32. school 32. school 32. match 32. draw
33. balance 33. curricular 33. print 33. print 33. hold 33. lock
34. able 34. approve 34. operative 34. heat 34. adjust 34. water
35. social 35. verbal 35. polite 35. wind 35. formal 35. secure
 Q. No. 2 (c) SUFFIXES Q. No. 2 (c) SUFFIXES
PRACTICE PAPER – 1 PRACTICE PAPER – 2
Fill in the blanks with suitable suffixes. Fill in the blanks with suitable suffixes.
1. electric (n) 1. terror 1. mountain 1. pure 1. gold 1. just (v)
2. perform 2. bore 2. avail 2. loving 2. month 2. way
3. cruel 3. hard 3. punish 3. drug 3. star 3. priest
4. dark 4. nation 4. wealth 4. social 4. confuse 4 sense
5. second 5. create 5. quarrel 5. prior 5. lecture 5. astonish
6. danger 6. attractive 6. style 6. sweet 6. post 6. thirst
7. lonely 7. lively 7. dismiss 7. fragment 7. narrate 7. irk
8. social 8. cardiology 8. appear 8. glory 8. progress 8. old
9. free 9. confuse 9. laugh 9. invest 9. neat 9. arrive
10. loyal 10. friend 10. improve 10. stain 10. motion 10. ruth
11. bold 11. province 11. health 11. life 11. man 11. ape
12. parliament 12. defect 12. win 12. wool 12. gold 12. hard
13. murder 13. support 13. book 13. quarrel 13. tire 13. hand
14. lovely 14. fellow 14. propose 14. neat 14. heavy 14. smart
15. wreck 15. Canada 15. Japan 15. free 15. king 15. bore
16. adult 16. fashion 16. accept 16. employ 16. refer 16. trust
17. alcohol 17. intense 17. prolong 17. auction 17. engine 17. profit
18. back 18. sweet (v) 18. sympathy 18. patriot 18. professional 18. human
19. clock 19. music (n) 19. king 19. equal 19. civil 19. abnormal
20. child 20. act 20. infect 20. move 20. retire 20. establish
21. practice 21. real 21. leader 21. fond 21. kind 21. dark
22. judge 22. good 22. magic 22. conduct 22. translate 22. distribute
23. need 23. revolution 23. effect 23. owner 23. intern 23. court
24. tire 24. copy 24. possess 24. predict 24. adapt 24. prevent
25. red 25. partner 25. depend 25. season 25. function 26. nature
26. approve 26. India 26. Vietnam 26. planet 26. budget 26. honor
27. prevent 27. invent 27. home 27. grate 27. wonder 27. beauty
28. hero 28. beauty 28. assassin 28. icon 28. organ 28. poet
29. tight (v) 29. weak 29. synthesis 29. hope 29. fault 29. fear
30. length 30. Australia 30. hope 30. fruit 30. brain 30. taste
31. fond 31. cheer 31. worth 31. soft 31. fast 31. strength
32. social 32. glory 32. captive 32. commercial 32. author 32. national
33. home 33. weak 33. civil 33. honest 33. glad 33. simple
34. length 34. product 34. region 34. back 34. way 34 awk .
35. bright 35. read 35. capital 35. clock 35. edge 35. length
 Q. No. 3 (a) PRIMARY AUXILIARIES Q. No. 3 (a) PRIMARY AUXILIARIES
PRACTICE PAPER – 1 PRACTICE PAPER – 2
Fill in the blanks with suitable Primary Auxiliary verbs (be / do / have): Fill in the blanks with suitable Primary Auxiliary verbs (be / do / have):
1. Priya not attend the classes last week. 1. The formation of paragraphs very important.
2. Vinod bought a new house in Tirupati. 2. One of my friends in Chennai.
3. Keerthi living in Guntur at present. 3. Neither of the men very tall.
4. Pavan a clerk in our office. 4. Bread and butter is his only food.
5. He not inform us about he meeting last time. 5. Forty miles a long distance.
6. Swathi a new mobile in her bag. 6. Neither Shakespeare nor Kalidasa highly educated.
7. Vikram going to visit the Andamans next month. 7. Each of the novels very interesting.
8. Prasanna not come to office yesterday. 8. None of his friends brave.
9. David a class today. 9. The PM as well as the defense minister visited the army camp.
10. He a good student. 10. either of the sisters taking the incident seriously?
11. She a new mobile phone now. 11. One-third of the seats reserved for women.
12. They waiting at the bus stop. 12. Each of the cars well-designed by the company.
13. All that glitters not gold. 13. A large part of the army placed at the border.
14. Hari and Giri just gone to the amusing park. 14. Most of the students voted for Rahul.
15. An atheist not believe in the existence of God. 15. A majority of members in favour of expelling him from the party
16. Parallel lines not cross with each other. 16. Billiards an interesting game.
17. Who you talking to last evening at the corner of the street? 17. The owner of these factories rich.
18. Nobody there in the meeting hall. 18. A lot of money wasted on the project.
19. The police issued a warrant for Adam‘s arrest. 19. Time and tide for none.
20. Diabetes an illness caused by too much sugar in the blood. 20. The poor becoming still poorer.
21. The United States a rich country. 21. I wish I a business man.
22. The news good today. 22. My neighbour and good friend lived here for ten years.
23. These scissors very sharp. 23. The media found to be very much biased these days.
24. you answer all the questions correctly in the last exam? 24. The cattle returning home after grazing in the fields.
25. she ask anything about me when you met her? 25. Boarding and lodging free to poor students.
26. He not yet paid the fee. 26. The first innings over in a few minutes.
27. I any better than Suresh in this matter? 27. The majority of the students financial difficulties.
28. I useful to you in this matter? 28. Fifty percent of India‘s population illiterate.
29. Have you your breakfast? 29. The rise and fall of tides due to the waxing and waning of the moon.
30. A circle doesn‘t have any corners. 30. A number of candidates come for the interview.
31. Women don‘t moustache and beard. 31. The number of books in the library risen to over half a million.
32. If I you, I would not deceive my parents. 32. A thousand pounds nothing to a rich man.
33. It not stopped raining since yesterday. 33. He wants to a fireman when he grows up.
34. He not know who I am. 34. There some good photographs in this exhibition.
35. You never helped me with anything. 35. An atheist not believe in the existence of God.
36. She said that she coming. 36. You be punished if you do not obey.
37. I not see him last week. 37. Each participant to pay his own expenses.
38. She not arrived yet. 38. Neither of the two answers correct.
39. What you doing there? 39. If I a bird, I would fly in the sky.
40. you have a car? 40. You better leave the place at once.
 Q. No. 3 (b) MODAL AUXILIARIES Q. No. 3 (b) MODAL AUXILIARIES
PRACTICE PAPER – 1 PRACTICE PAPER – 2
Fill in the blanks with Modal Auxiliaries based on the given clues: Fill in the blanks with Modal Auxiliaries based on the given clues:
1. You submit the assignment by tomorrow. (obligation) 1. You finish your homework before going out. (necessity)
2. Sheetal is a writer. She write poems. (ability) 2. She swim very fast when she was younger. (past ability)
3. Geeta has a lot of backlogs. She discontinue her diploma. (possibility) 3. You not lose any weight. You are already slim. (absence of necessity)
4. They to ride bicycles in their childhood. (past habit) 4. You leave the room once the test starts. (requirement)
5. Siva speak English fluently. (ability) 5. He help you if he knew how. (polite offer)
6. We eat healthy food. (obligation) 6. I call you later if you want. (ability/option)
7. Priya sing patriotic songs (ability) 7. We visit the museum this weekend. (suggestion)
8. Anirudh live in Bangalore in his childhood. (past habit) 8. You be quiet during the performance. (rule/obligation)
9. We avoid using fossil fuels to protect our environment. (moral obligation) 9. She come to the party if she finishes her work. (permission)
10. I write with both the hands. (ability) 10. You take a break if you're feeling tired. (advice)
11. Every student attend exam at 9:30 a.m. tomorrow. (obligation) 11. They have already left for the airport. (possibility)
12. I wear uniform when I was in school (past habit) 12. He give you a ride if he had a car. (conditional ability)
13. You come home early. (obligation) 13. I get some rest before the big day. (necessity)
14. I play volleyball in my school days. (past habit) 14. We have arrived earlier if we had known. (regret about the past)
15. The train arrive after a couple of hours. (probability) 15. She join us if she wants to. (option / permission)
16. One wear helmet while driving a bike. (obligation) 16. You find this book interesting. (possibility)
17. This tin hold more sugar than that. (capacity) 17. They finish the project by Friday. (obligation)
18 I not understand what she is talking about. (inability) 18. He explain the rules to you if needed. (ability)
19. This medicine cure your disease. (possibility) 19. She consider applying for the job. (suggestion)
20. I not lend you any more money. (unwillingness) 20. We go for a hike if the weather improves. (possibility/option)
21. You the mountains from the window. (ability) 21. You be mistaken about the meeting time. (possibility)
22. Work hard so that you get a good rank. (purpose) 22. He be more careful with his words. (advice)
23. If you do such things, I never speak to you again. (threat) 23. They have already decided on their plans. (Possibility)
24. She sit for hours listening to songs over phone. (characteristic feature) 24. I bring a dessert for the party. (suggestion)
25. I come in, Sir? (asking for permission) 25. She answer the phone if she‘s not busy. (ability/option)
26. you prosper in your life! (wish) 26. You be on time for the appointment. (requirement)
27. God bless you abundantly! (wish) 27. They visit their grandparents more often. (advice/suggestion)
28. How long your stay be here? (seeking information) 28. He have been able to help if he had known. (regret about the past)
29. We send them reports daily so that they have full information. (purpose) 29. How I help you? (offering help)
30. He be a good father but he is a terrible husband. (contrast) 30. You borrow my book if you need it. (permission/offer)
31. It be costly but it is going to be very useful. (contrast) 31. They have arrived by now. (expectation)
32. They not be aware of the new policy. (possibility) 32. She have been at the party last night. (possibility)
33. You avoid making the same mistake. (advice) 33. We go to the beach if it's sunny. (possibility/option)
34. She have finished the report by now. (possibility) 34. He be tired after the long journey. (expectation)
35. I come with you? (asking for permission) 35. You try restarting your computer. (suggestion/advice)
36. There was a time when I stay up very late. (past ability) 36. They have completed the assignment. (possibility)
37. you help me with the housework, please? (polite request) 37. I help you with that problem. (willingness/offer)
38. We have a picnic if it stops raining. (option) 38. She be interested in joining the club. (possibility)
39. You want to check the schedule again. (suggestion) 39. We take the bus to get there on time. (Requirement)
40. My grandma is eighty-five, but she still read without glasses. (ability) 40. He offer some advice if you ask him. (Possibility/option)
 Q. No. 4. VERB FORMS Q. No. 4. VERB FORMS
PRACTICE PAPER – 1 (PRESENT TENSE) PRACTICE PAPER – 2 (PRESENT TENSE)
Fill in the blanks with suitable verb forms given in the brackets. Fill in the blanks with suitable verb forms given in the brackets.
1. Oil (float) on water. 1. She (learn) English for six months.
2. Don‘t take that book, my brother (read) it. 2. He (be) away from the town for the past three months.
3. He (not go) to office yet. 3. She constantly (change) her hair colours.
4. you ever (be) to Kashmir? 4. They (treat) us as slaves for over thirty years.
5. She (go) to college by bus every day. 5. The sun (shine) during the day.
6. My house (face) the east. 6. He (save) money ever since he got a job.
7. We (be) good friends for over ten years. 7. A crow (build) a nest these days in the tree in the back yard.
8. He has to reach home before it (get) dark. 8. The train (leave) the platform just now.
9. I (just, have) my breakfast. 9. He (work) on the farm all day.
10. An atheist (not, believe) in God. 10. These days most people (use) email instead of writing letters.
11. If you (invite) them, they will definitely attend the function. 11. How long he (stay) in Hyderabad?
12. Don‘t disturb him, he (prepare) for an exam. 12. The students will start the journey as soon as their teacher (arrive).
13. He (be) blind since his childhood. 13. Indians (celebrate) Independence Day on 15th August every year.
14. Heat (expand) bodies. 14. He has to reach home before it (get) dark
15. I shall wait here till you (finish) your lunch. 15. If she (not, take) a taxi, she will be late for the seminar.
16. It generally (rain) after summer. 16. you (not, do) your homework yet?
17. All that glitters (be) not gold. 17. The boys (play) since 4 o‘ clock.
18. Look at the TV set, somebody (break) it. 18. Someone (enter) my room. The things are untidy.
19. Magnet (attract) iron. 19. My brother (study) MBBS in SV University nowadays.
20. He (speak) to her just now. 20. Don‘t make a noise outside. The students (write) the exams.
21. Migrating birds (travel) long distances. 21. The Godavari (flow) into the Bay of Bengal.
22. Listen! Someone (knock) on/at the door. 22. She (not, know) how to make coffee.
23. We (live) here for a long time. 23. Who (eat) the biscuits? The tin is empty.
24. Look! The blind man (cross) the road. 24. How long you (make) research on this topic?
25. Raghu (speak) Tamil better than Telugu. 25. This magazine (appear) twice a week.
26. You may wait here till the officer (return). 26. He (act) in different languages for over thirty years.
27. This factory (belong) to my uncle. 27. I (see) that fellow somewhere before.
28. I (not, see) Shanti for several weeks. 28. We can not go out as it (rain).
29. He (read) a play by Shakespeare at present. 29. We shall go out when the rain (stop).
30. We (wait) for the chief guest for half an hour. 30. A bad workman always (blame) his tools.
31. English (speak) all over the world 31. I (see) the film twice.
32. She usually (do) her homework at night. 32. How long I (advise) you to stop smoking?
33. The sun (rise) in the east and (set) in the west. 33. The cuckoo (lay) its eggs in other birds‘ nests.
34. We (live) in this village for a long time. 34. She (not, belong) to Mohini Attam tribe of dancers.
35. When I (finish) reading the book, I shall lend it to you. 35. We (not, yet decide) which college to join.
36. Necessity (be) is the mother of invention. 36. What your brother (do) now?
37. I shall come there unless it (rain) tomorrow. 37. Smoking (prohibit) in the hall.
38. Hari (write) with his left hand. 38. How long they (be) caught up in the cave?
39. He already (announce) his decision. 39. Bacteria (be) found everywhere.
40. The earth (move) round the sun. 40. Age and experience (bring) wisdom to man.
 Q. No. 4. VERB FORMS Q. No. 4. VERB FORMS
PRACTICE PAPER – 3 (PAST TENSE) PRACTICE PAPER – 4 (PAST TENSE)
Fill in the blanks with suitable verb forms given in the brackets. Fill in the blanks with suitable verb forms given in the brackets.
1. I (visit) Delhi last year. 1. India (win) independence in 1947.
2. I (learn) music in Bangalore in those days. 2. They (miss) the bus yesterday.
3. The vehicle (stop) before the traffic police gave signal. 3. The train (leave) the platform an hour ago.
4. He spends money as if he (be) a millionaire. 4. She (cook) when her husband came in.
5. We (paint) the house only last week. 5. I (finish) my exam long before the bell rang.
6. I (buy) this camera in Chennai. 6. Last month, the cost-of-living (rise) to a new high point.
7. I switched off the lights after the children (sleep). 7. I (see) the bus passing a few minutes ago.
8. The students (publish) their final projects last Friday. 8. When I was young, I (play) football.
9. The delegates (meet) here last evening. 9. He (come) to my office last month.
10. Dhoni (play) for Chennai Super Kings in those days. 10. Why you (go) to hospital yesterday?
11. Shabana left her home town after she (finish) her examinations. 11. As soon as I opened the door, my pet dog (rush) at me.
12. It‘s time someone (point) out to Ram the stupidity of his behaviour. 12. Two years have passed since I (leave) college.
13. Shalini (do) her M. Tech in 2018. 13. The match already (start) when we reached the playground.
14. We (go) to different places together when we were young. 14. He was kidnapped while he (go) to college in the morning yesterday.
15. The workers removed the tents after everybody (leave) 15. The thieves (escape) from the spot before the police arrived.
16. I (not, go) to college yesterday. 16. If I (be) you, I would not waste time.
17. The committee (pass) two resolutions yesterday. 17. We (not, go) to a movie last night.
18. Sangeetha (teach) English in Arts College at that time. 18. When he was teaching, all the students (remain) silent.
19. I (already, reach) the railway station before the train arrived. 19. I (read) the novel the whole day yesterday.
20. He (bite) by a mad dog yesterday. 20. If I tried to speak, she (turn) round seriously.
21. The bus (come) late last evening. 21. It (rain) when I got down from the train in Vizag last week.
22. If he (not, do) any mistakes, he would score some more points. 22. He (leave) the office before we went there to meet him.
23 you (come) to college yesterday? 23. I (thank) him for what he had done.
24. If I (be) you, I would not deceive my parents. 24. If you asked her, she (help) you.
25. They (watch) that movie last night. 25. The host took rest after the guests (leave) the function hall.
26. It‘s high time I (buy) a new pair of shoes. 26. I wish I (be) there in the party.
27. If I (be) you, I would not deceive my parents. 27. When I went there, they (quarrel) among themselves.
28. It‘s high time we (make) some changes around here. 28. If she had taken a taxi, she (not, be) late for the interview.
29. It‘s time the government (address) the problems here. 29. I (meet) her last week.
30. She (sing) this song in the competition last time. 30. She (watch) a programme on TV at 7:30 last evening.
31. She (work) as a teacher for two years before she quit her job last month. 31. If he (work) hard, he would have passed the exam.
32. The governor (set) some prisoners free last Independence Day. 32. I saw a woman who (try) to commit suicide.
33. You (be) absent yesterday. 33. The committee (present) their findings at the conference last week.
34. They (fight) for a separate state for ten years before they were promised. 34. If you played well in the tournament, you (win) the title.
35. Where (be) you last night? 35. We started for home only after he (finish) his work at office.
36. At this time yesterday, we (watch) the finals of the cricket match. 36. Last Sunday, when I visited my teacher, she (prepare) a lesson plan.
37. She (raise) a doubt in the last class. 37. If she (be) younger than I, I would marry her.
38. We (do) our homework when the power went off at 7:30 last night. 38. You look as though you (sleep) badly last night.
39. Columbus (discover) the sea route to America. 39. It is high time you (do) something about weight loss.
40. If they (take) prior permission, they would go out of the campus freely. 40. If he (be) my brother, I would admonish him for his misbehaviour.
 Q. No. 4. VERB FORMS Q. No. 4. VERB FORMS
PRACTICE PAPER – 5 (FUTURE TENSE) PRACTICE PAPER – 6 (FUTURE TENSE)
Fill in the blanks with suitable verb forms given in the brackets. Fill in the blanks with suitable verb forms given in the brackets.
1. She (send) the application next Monday. 1. We (work) very hard by this time next year.
2. We (write) our half-yearly examinations by this time next Monday. 2. They (move) to their new house by the end of this month.
3. He (inform) you about it soon. 3. What you (do) this weekend?
4. My father (retire) by the end of 2024. 4. We (play) a football match tomorrow afternoon.
5. We (move) to our new house next month. 5. Where we (go) this evening?
6. Where you (be) by this tomorrow? 6. I (learn) to speak English by the year end.
7. I (take) the examination next Friday. 7. They (announce) the results next Friday.
8. By the time we go home, my children (sleep). 8. Who (look) after your grandparents when you go out?
9. He (give) us a brand new mobile next week. 9. The government (complete) the irrigation projects in the State by 2015.
10. We (become) rich by this time next year. 10. The function (start) at ten o‘clock this evening.
11. She (leave) by the three o‘clock train. 11. The mechanic (repair) our car by five in the evening.
12. Don‘t go now. He (have) his lunch. 12. If they practise hard, they (will) the match.
13. The children (have) cakes for breakfast tomorrow. 13. We (have) the funds before we start the project.
14. The President (visit) visit China shortly. 14. The dining-room (paint)by tomorrow evening.
15. They (see) to it tomorrow. Will you stay here until tomorrow? 15. I (finish) repairing your car long before you get back.
16. My mother will be waiting for me by the time I go home. 16. the shops (be) open on Sunday afternoon?
17. I (take) the children to the Zoo this evening. 17. By this time tomorrow, I (enjoy) time with my relatives at Mysore.
18. What you (do) by this time next year? 18. Unless you ignore such remarks, you (not, live) peacefully.
19. My sister (submit) her Ph.D. thesis by the end of this year. 19. you (let) me know as soon as you‘ve heard any news?
20. The prices of various commodities (become) twice soon. 20. How long they (run) this hotel by the end of this year?
21. We (celebrate) the event in a grand way by this time next Sunday. 21. We (travel) to Mumbai in a train by this time tomorrow.
22. Where he (stay) tonight? 22. I (not, have) up the children from school by then.
23. The train (reach) Mumbai tomorrow morning. 23. If she takes prior permission, they (allow) her to go out of the campus.
24. We (live) in our new house by this time next week. 24. We (not, solve) the problem before you return.
25. By next year, we (work) in this college for twelve years. 25. He (stay) here for a week by next Sunday.
26. If it rains today, we (postpone) the meeting. 26. My brother (study) his final year by this time next year.
27. You (wash) up the dishes in an hour, won‘t you? 27. I (make) some notes when I see the report.
28. I (return) these books to the library after I get them Xeroxed. 28. This time next week, we (spend) some time with our children at the hostel.
29. The shops (close) by the time we go into the town. 29. What we (do) in ten years‘ time, I wonder?
30. They (live) here for years by the end of the month. 30. She (teach) in this institution for twenty-five years by 2025.
31. The judge (ask) you a few questions. 31. Where you (go) after the college this afternoon?
32. Unless you work hard, you (not, pass) in the test. 32. Wait there. I (come) and puck you up.
33. He (report) for duty next week. 33. They (reach) Hyderabad before the strike begins.
34. I (hand) over these books to your brother when I go to Chennai. 34. We (start) our journey as soon as the bus comes here.
35. Kohli (play) for India for 15 years by 2025. 35. People (vote) next week for the general elections.
36. If she invites me, I (attend) her wedding. 36. They (attend) some practical classes in Chemistry next Wednesday.
37. He (pass) the driving test by next Saturday. 37. We (watch) the finals by this time next Sunday.
38. Anand can‘t go to the party. He (work) all day tomorrow. 38. If he asks me, I (help) him.
39. I (call) you around four o‘clock. 39. We (start) our business as soon as we get permission.
40. By the end of 2022, we (fight) against the government for six months. 40. By next week, I (be) here for twenty years.
 Q. No. 5. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE Q. No. 5. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE
PRACTICE PAPER – 1 PRACTICE PAPER – 2
Change the following sentences into passive voice. Change the following sentences into passive voice.
1. Russia grows wheat in plenty 1. They were showing the students some slides on environmental studies.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
2. Ants collect food in summer. 2. The teacher was asking the students some questions.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
3. They are repairing the road at present. 3. He hadn‘t left us anything to eat.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
4. She is stitching a blouse now. 4. She had handed him over all the responsibilities.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
5. He has just finished the work. 5. The company will repay the customers their deposits in the next month.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
6. She has written five novels so far. 6. They will demand the management a better pay.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
7. Mohan opened the door. 7. The Board will have provided the workers with safety helmets by then.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
8. A tiger killed the forest guard. 8. He will have taught them all the lessons by the end of December.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
9. They were decorating the church at 6 last evening. 9. The Governor set the prisoners free.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
10. He was selling newspapers near the park in the morning. 10. The Government appointed him Chairman of the Housing Board.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
11. The Americans had discovered life on the planet Mars. 11. We have elected Sunil secretary of the trust.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
12. The traffic constable had cleared the traffic jam. 12. The pain is driving him mad.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
13. The doctor will discharge the patient tomorrow. 13. The children found the nest empty.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
14. The Governor will unveil the statue of Sri Rajiv Gandhi in the next month. 14. They have swept the rooms clean.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
15. The Government will have completed all the dams by 2015 15. They have made Mr. Shiv Kumar President of the Association recently.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
16. The mechanic will have repaired the TV set by five in the evening. 16. The news will make her happy.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
17. Mr. Theja teaches them grammar. 17. The Sun keeps us warm.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
18. She always tells us funny stories. 18. I consider the plan to be unwise.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
19. Some companies are offering the graduates scholarships to study abroad. 19. We thought him to be innocent.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
20. The Government is paying the old meagre pensions. 20. People supposed to him to be a patriot.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
 Q. No. 5. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE Q. No. 5. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE
PRACTICE PAPER – 3 PRACTICE PAPER – 4
Change the following sentences into passive voice. Change the following sentences into passive voice.
1. They believed John to be worthy of promotion. 1. The postman delivers the letters at 11 in the morning in our locality.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
2. She judged him to be trustworthy. 2. They close shops at 10 pm in Nellore.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
3. He has helped me to carry the box. 3. They know the fact.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
4. We asked him to stay. 4. Grammar interests me.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
5. I saw him go out. 5. Dust covered the windows everywhere.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
6. She watched him steal the watch. 6. Smoke filled the room.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
7. She has presented me a dictionary. 7. He deprived the peasants of their lands.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
8. The university has sent me some papers on ecology for review. 8. Jenny thanked us for the present
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
9. I wished them ‗good morning.‘ 9. They have provided the child with a good education.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
10. The trust donated the poor student two thousand rupees. 10. Somebody has picked my pocket in the bus this morning.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
11. The parents brought them up in the most congenial atmosphere. 11. They expected Saniya to win the prize.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
12. The authorities certified him to be innocent. 12. We persuaded him to write an essay.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
13. We asked him when to leave the office. 13. Teachers expect students to work hard.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
14. The municipal authorities are pulling down the slums. 14. We shall have withdrawn money from the bank tomorrow
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
15. The university has put off the examinations. 15. They will have closed booking when you reach the theatre.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
16. A car knocked him down. 16. The engineers had already repaired the bridge.,
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
17. We must care for animals. 17. The teacher has struck his name off the rolls
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
18. People speak English all over the world. 18. The peon was carrying out the order of the principal.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
19. Everyone likes good manners. 19. The current is sweeping off the boat.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
20. No one can answer your question. 20. The committee declared Ravi unfit for the job.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
 Q. No. 5. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE Q. No. 5. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE
PRACTICE PAPER – 5 PRACTICE PAPER – 6
Change the following sentences into passive voice. Change the following sentences into passive voice.
1. I know this boy. 1. Is he dictating the notes properly?
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
2. ‗The Discovery of India‘ contains much useful information. 2 Are they seriously watching the film?
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
3. A fierce storm can uproot the gigantic trees. 3. Am I teaching the lesson interestingly?
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
4. The audience applauded the actors. 4. Is she preparing the essay for the competition?
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
5. The judge sentenced him to two months imprisonment. 5. Are the authorities taking the census records in these days?
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
6. The authorities certified him to be innocent. 6. Has she ever donated a contribution to your welfare organization?
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
7. The enemy will either take you a prisoner or shoot you. 7. Have the police taken the culprits into custody?
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
8. We are eagerly waiting for the president. 8. Hasn‘t he finished the work yet?
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
9. I have called him several times. 9. Have they ever asked you for help?
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
10. I congratulated him on his good fortune. 10. Did the Parliament pass the bill?
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
11. Your son makes no progress in his studies. 11. Did the Nepalese overthrow the autocracy?
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
12. The soldiers defended the outer wall. 12. Didn‘t he take permission before going out?
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
13. A thief broke open the safe. 13. Was she knitting the sweater at this time yesterday?
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
14. Someone assassinated the Minister near the Assembly. 14. Was he inserting the wedding cards into the envelopes at 7 last night?
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
15. The police arrested the criminals last night. 15. Were they decorating the function hall this morning?
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
16. Does he postpone the payment? 16. Were the students making preparations for the farewell function?
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
17. Do the Americans consider Indian engineers intelligent? 17. Had the mechanic repaired the car before you went to the garage?
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
18. Does she support her family? 18. Had they invited the Mayor to the programme?
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
19. Do trees give us oxygen? 19. Will the headmaster the unruly boys?
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
20. Does the author reflect the culture of primitive men in his novel? 20. Shall I post these letters?
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
 Q. No. 5. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE Q. No. 5. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE
PRACTICE PAPER – 7 PRACTICE PAPER – 8
Change the following sentences into passive voice. Change the following sentences into passive voice.
1. Can we see the flying saucers with naked eye? 1. Admit this boy at once.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
2. May these medicines cure the disease completely? 2. Deposit this money in the bank
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
3. Will the professor declare the test results in the class today? 3. Write these sentences on the blackboard
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
4. Shall we say something on this matter? 4. Inform to the policed of the accident immediately
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
5. Can they prevent us from running this shop without licenses? 5. Bring me a glass of water.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
6. Who wrote this letter? 6. Produce the witness at once.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
7. Who has broken this mirror? 7. Pay this bill tomorrow
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
8. Who will look after the children when both of you leave for office? 8. Send for the doctor immediately.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
9. Where did you buy this camera? 9. Type these letters.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
10. Where are they playing cricket? 10. Show me your exercise book.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
11. Why did George Bush hang Saddam Hussein? 11. Keep silent in the library.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
12. Why do they suspect me without any reason or whatsoever? 12. Don‘t smoke in the bus.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
13. When will you return my books? 13. Don‘t argue with your elders.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
14. When did they accept all our demands? 14. Don‘t sleep in the class
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
15. How do you pronounce this word? 15. Please enter by this way.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
16. How much has the Government spent on the Indian Cricket team? 16 Please shut all the windows
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
17. Lock the house up. 17. Please give me some change.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
18. Turn the radio on 18. Please help the poor man.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
19. Send me the papers in the evening. 19. Do not insult the poor
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
20. Enter his name in the register. 20. Always use a ball pen in the exam.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
 Q. No. 5. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE Q. No. 5. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE
PRACTICE PAPER – 9 PRACTICE PAPER – 10
Turn the following passive sentences into active sentences. Turn the following passive sentences into active sentences.
1. When will the books be returned to the library by you? 1. You are requested to wait in the guest room.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
2. The town was destroyed completely by an earthquake. 2. A piece of paper was slipped into the hand of the prisoner by the inspector.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
3. The prisoners were set free by the Governor. 3. Let your signature be checked by me first.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
4. Let this money be deposited in the bank. 4. How can this problem be solved by you?
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
5. Good manners are liked by everyone. 5. You are advised not to argue with your elders.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
6. By whom has this letter been drafted? 6. By whom was this city built in AD 13th century?
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
7. My pocket has been picked by somebody. 7. Why were the boys punished by the teacher in the class yesterday?
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
8. You are advised to take these medicines regularly. 8. You are ordered to send for the doctor immediately.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
9. English is spoken (by people) all over the world. 9. The nest was found empty by the children.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
10. By whom was our national anthem written? 10. The flight may be delayed by the pilot at Dumdum Airport.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
11. The students are likely to be punished by the headmaster. 11. Whose Nobel Prize was stolen by the ruffians in West Bengal some years ago.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
12. You are requested to follow the norms of the company strictly. 12. Rivers are being polluted by the drains of the cities.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
13. The film Bahubali was directed by Rajamouli. 13. By whom will these orphans be taken care of?
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
14. A blouse is being stitched by Rani. 14. Two Anglo-Indians were nominated to the Rajya Sabha by the President.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
15. You are ordered not to talk in the examination. 15. How much money has been spent on the weaker sections by the Government?
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
16. The premises of the college had been cleaned by the students. 16. The baby was named Anjali by the parents.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
17. How many questions were you asked on physics by the interviewers? 17. We were taught a heart moving story by the teacher yesterday.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
18. Books were being arranged in an order by my brother. 18. What crops are grown by the farmers in Japan?
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
19. Our car will have been repaired by the mechanic by the time we go there. 19. The patients were treated freely by a team of doctors.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
20. Can the Australians be defeated by Indians in the finals of the match? 20. Which film was selected by the jury for the best direction?
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
 Q. No. 6 (a) APPROPRIATE FORM OF ADJECTIVE Q. No. 6 (a) APPROPRIATE FORM OF ADJECTIVE
PRACTICE PAPER - 1 PRACTICE PAPER - 1
Fill in the blank with proper form of the adjective given in the brackets. Fill in the blank with proper form of the adjective given in the brackets.
1. Kavitha is than Vimala. (beautiful) 1. No other dynasty in ancient India is so as that of the Guptas‘. (glorious)
2. Today is as as yesterday. (hot) 2. AP is not so as Bangalore in the field of computers. (advanced)
3. Zahir Khan bowls than Akthar. (fast) 3. Very few fruits are as as watermelons. (sweet)
4. Sravani is than Mohana. (intelligent) 4. No other city in the world is so as China. (populous)
5. The Godavari is one of the rivers in southern India. (long) 5. Balakrishna is not the of all actors in Telugu film industry. (talented)
6. Peacocks are than parrots. (colourful) 6. Napoleon was than any other general. (braver)
7. Nehru was one of the Prime Ministers of India. (good) 7. Silver is not so as Gold. (precious)
8. Lions are the of all animals. (ferocious) 8. Kohli is not so a batsman as Sachin. (good)
9. Mr. Roy is than many other speakers on this topic. (eloquent) 9. I am not so in music as I once was. (interested)
10. Switzerland is not the of all tourist places in the world. (fine) 10. The prices were not so last year as they are this year. (high)
11. Telugu songs are than Hindi songs. (melodious) 11. No other film is so as ‗The Last Emperor‘. (heart moving)
12. Sikkim is one of the states in India. (small) 12. Broad Man was than any other batsman in the world. (great)
13. I don‘t like grapes so as apples. (much) 13. Hyderabad is than any other city in Andhra Pradesh. (large)
14. Jasmines are not than lilies. (fragrant) 14. Kohinoor is than any other diamond in the world. (valuable)
15. No other story book is so as the Arabian Nights. (popular) 15. Egyptian civilization is than any other civilization in the world. (ancient)
16. Pakistan is not so as India. (powerful) 16. Michael Jackson is one of the pop singers in the world. (famous)
17. America is not culturally so as India. (rich) 17. It‘s the of all hotels in Nellore. (expensive)
18. Very few novels are as as The Hound of Baskervilles. (interesting) 18. We can do crosswords than you do. (easy)
19. Shakespeare is than any other dramatist in England. (great) 19. I don‘t earn so money as I need. (much)
20. Suresh is not so as Mohan. (clever) 20. Today isn‘t than yesterday. (cold)
21. No one can write as as he does. (neatly) 21. There is nothing so in the world as the spirit of man. (great)
22. The train arrived than we expected. (early) 22. Revenge is the of all passions. (vile)
23. Sachin is than any other batsman in the world. (good) 23. No other philanthropist in the world is so as Mother Teresa. (noble)
24. The Taj Mahal is one of the monuments in the world. (great) 24. Everest is the mountain. (high)
25. Vatican is the of all cities in the world. (small) 25. Watermelon is one of the fruits. (sweet)
26. Very few American Presidents were as Abraham Lincoln. (lovable) 26. It is to preach than to practice. (easy)
27. Socrates was the of all Greek philosophers. (wise) 27. It is to starve than to beg. (good)
28. Forgiveness is than revenge. (good) 28. He thinks he is than his father.
29 Akbar was than any other Moghul Emperor. (popular) 29. Scorpions are as as centipedes. (poisonous)
30. Some countries in the world are at least culturally as as America. (rich) 30. India is culturally than America.
31. Jasmine is not the of all flowers. (beautiful) 31. Lead is the of all metals. (heavy)
32. The peacock is one of the birds. (colourful) 32. Practice is the way to master grammar. (good)
33. He likes potatoes than tomatoes. (much) 33. Art is than life. (long)
34. The rivers of America are than those of Europe. (long) 34. Money is than gold. (liquid)
35. Our soldiers are equipped than those of enemies. (good) 35. Time flies than any other thing. (fast)
36. The climate of Africa is not so as that of India. (good) 36. Life is important than honour to a soldier. (little)
37. It is not so to learn English as to learn Hindi. (easy) 37. She writes than she speaks.(well)
38. Mosquitoes are than house flies. (dangerous) 38. Very few visionaries of India are as as Abdul Kalam. (great)
39. This summer will certainly be much than last summer. (hot) 39. Ghantasala was than most other singers (popular)
40. Radium is the common of all metals. (little) 40. Prevention is than cure. (good)
 Q. No. 6 (b) DEGREES OF COMPARISON Q. No. 6 (b) DEGREES OF COMPARISON
PRACTICE TEST - 1 PRACTICE TEST - 2
Turn the following sentences into other degree. Turn the following sentences into other degree.
1. Murali is as tall as Mohan. 1. A foolish friend is not so good as a wise enemy.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
2. Renu is as clever as Malathi. 2. Wealth is not so good as health.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
3. Hyderabad is as big as Allahbad. 3. A dead lion is not so strong as a live ass.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
4. The Krishna is as long as the Cauvery. 4. Cure is not so good as prevention.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
5. Vignan guides are as informative as Vikram guides. 5. The apples of Shimla are not so sweet as those of Kashmir.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
6. India is as old as China. 6. The perfumes of Arabia are not so fragrant as those of France
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
7. Kavitha is as beautiful as Vimala. 7. The climate of India is not so hot as that of Africa.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
8. Today is as hot as yesterday. 8. The population of India is not so large as that of China.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
9. Indian cricket team is as strong as Bermuda cricket team. 9. Riding a vehicle is not so difficult as riding a horse.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
10. Ooty is as cool as Shimla. 10. Arguing at length is not so good as keeping quiet.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
11. The Eenadu is not more popular than the Vaartha. 11. To follow is not so easy as to advice.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
12. Saddam Hussain is not crueller than George Bush. 12. To punish is not so noble as to forgive.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
13. Sanskrit is not easier than Telugu. 13. It is not so good to evade work as to resign.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
14. Phillips television sets are not costlier than Onida television sets. 14. It is not so good to serve in heaven as to reign in hell.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
15. Centipedes are not more poisonous than scorpions. 15. A deer doesn‘t run so fast as a cheetah.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
16. Parrots are not more beautiful than peacocks. 16. I don‘t like coffee so much as tea.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
17. Lions are not more ferocious than tigers. 17. Zahir Khan doesn‘t bowl so fast as Akthar.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
18. Ball point pens are not more comfortable as fountain pens. 18. I don‘t like grapes so much as apples.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
19. Telugu songs are not more melodious than Hindi songs. 19. I don‘t know him so well as you.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
20. Jasmines are not more fragrant than lilies. 20. He thinks his father is not so wise as he.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
 Q. No. 6 (c) DEGREES OF COMPARISON Q. No. 6 (c) DEGREES OF COMPARISON
PRACTICE TEST - 3 PRACTICE TEST - 4
Turn the following sentences into other degree. Turn the following sentences into other degree.
1. Very few scientists in the world are as renowned as Einstein. 1. Mother Teresa is the noblest of all social workers in the world.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
2. Very few American Presidents were as lovable as Abraham Lincoln. 2. This is the best book you can find on ancient Egyptian history.
Ans: .…………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
3. Very few health-supporting drinks are as nutritious as Horlicks. 3. Revenge is the vilest of all passions.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
4. Very few parliamentarians in India are as genteel as Vaj Payee. 4. Socrates was the wisest of all Greek philosophers.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
5. Very few temple-towns in the world are as famous as Tirumala. 5. Vatican is the smallest of all countries in the world.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
6. Kashmir is cooler than many other summer resorts in India. 6. Some rivers in India are at least as long as the Godavari.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
7. The Red Fort is more gorgeous than many other monuments in India. 7. Some fruits are at least as sweet as watermelon.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
8. The Times is more popular than many other newspapers in the world. 8. Some novels are at least as interesting as ‗Treasure Island.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
9. Aishwarya Roy is more talented than many other Bollywood actresses. 9. Some boys in the class are at least as clever as Vishal.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
10. Sanskrit is more difficult than many other languages. 10. Some beans are at least as nutritious as meat.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
11. The Godavari is one of the longest rivers in southern India. 11 Dum Dum is not bigger than some other airports in the world.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
12. Nehru was one of the best Prime Ministers of India. 12. Mona Lisa is not more beautiful than some other paintings of Da Vinci.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
13. Mr. Roy is one of the most eloquent speakers on Gandhian thought. 13. Sachin is not better than some other batsmen in the world.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
14. Switzerland is one of the finest places in the world. 14. Balasubrahmanyam is not more talented than some other singers in India.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
15. Sikkim is one of the smallest states in India. 15. English is not easier than some other languages.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
16. The sword is not so mighty as the pen. 16. Silver is not the most useful of all metals.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
17 No other story book in the world is so popular as the Arabian Nights. 17. Tennyson is not the greatest of all poets in England.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
18. No other play by Shakespeare is perhaps so easy to follow as Macbeth. 18. Hyderabad is not the biggest of all towns in India.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
19. No other mountain in the world is so high as Mount Everest. 19. Italian perfumes are not the most fragrant of all.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
20. No other dynasty in ancient Indian history is so glorious as that of the Guptas‘. 20. He is not the most popular of all actors in Telugu film industry.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………... Ans: …………………………………………………………………………...
 Q. No. 7. (a) POLITE REQUESTS Q. No. 7. (a) POLITE REQUESTS
PRACTICE PAPER – 1 PRACTICE PAPER – 2
Turn the following sentences into polite expressions: Turn the following sentences into polite expressions:
1. You to a teller in the bank: This note is torn, give me another one. 1. You to your friend: Accompany me to Hyderabad to attend an interview.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
2. A woman-customer to a sales girl: Show me some latest designer sarees. 2. You to your neighbour: Help me to take my father to a hospital.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
3. An officer to his subordinates: Have co-ordination among yourselves. 3. A student to his class teacher: Give me leave for three days.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
4. You to your friend: Drop me near the railway station. 4. A devotee to his master: Tell me what I should do to attain deliverance.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
5. You to a fellow passenger on a train: What‘s your name? 5. A teacher to his Headmaster: I want to go an hour earlier in the evening.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
6. You to your senior: Tell me how to prepare for an interview. 6. You to a stranger on the street: Show me the way to the railway station.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
7. A student to an officer: Attest these Xerox copies. 7. You to a sales executive: Give a demonstration on how to operate it.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
8. You to your Principal: Provide the students with a RO water plant. 8. You to a bank manager: Arrange a study loan for me.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
9. A student to his teacher: Explain this topic once again. 9. You to some boys in the street: Stop playing games here.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
10. A traffic constable to a man: Park your car over there in the parking zone. 10. You to the Principal: Arrange for the student concessional bus pass to us.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
11. An advocate to the Jury: Give me enough time to produce witnesses. 11. A daughter to her mother: Allow me to go to a movie with my friends.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
12. You to your classmate: Do me a favour in my project work. 12. A son to his father: Give me permission to go on an educational tour.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
13. You to your favourite hero: Adopt my village and develop it. 13. You to your friend: Help me to create an e-mail account for me.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
14. You to a journalist: Cover the news of the issue of stray dogs in your locality. 14. A patient to a doctor: Discharge me tomorrow. I‘m all right now.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
15. You to your friend: Help me to place an order for a book online. 15. You to a nutritionist: Suggest me some balanced diet to reduce my weight.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
16. You to a foreigner abroad: Recommend us to a good restaurant nearby. 16. A student to the invigilator: Tell me how to fill in this OMR sheet.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
17. You to your Principal: Recommend me to a merit scholarship. 17. You to your father: Send me ten thousand rupees to pay the hostel fee.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
18. You to the RTC Depot Manager: Arrange a students‘ special bus. 18. You to a baker: I want two pizzas and four burgers.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
19. You to your boss: Give me some advance on my salary. 19. An athlete to his coach: Need I come early tomorrow morning?
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
20. Your neighbour to you: Look after our pet dogs for a day. 20. Your friend to the postman: Tell me whether I got any registered letter.
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
 Q. No. 7. (b) NEGATIVE SENTENCE Q. No. 7. (b) NEGATIVE SENTENCE
PRACTICE PAPER – 1 PRACTICE PAPER – 1
Turn the following into negative sentences: Turn the following into negative sentences:
1. Harish goes to school every day. 1. She can swim five miles at a stretch.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
2. They play games in college once every week. 2. We watched an interesting documentary on TV last night.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
3. Sheela went to college yesterday. 3. My sister does yoga in the morning almost daily.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
4. He can speak English fluently. 4. They will settle down here.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
5. They are cleaning the college premises. 5. People pay taxes regularly.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
6. Australia defeated Pakistan in the semifinals. 6. Everyone is fond of chocolates.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
7. I will help you in times of need. 7. An atheist believes in the existence of God.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
8. The government shall punish the offenders. 8. A triangle has four sides.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
9. It may sometimes rain in summer. 9. Hindi is an international language.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
10. He has finished his homework. 10. They may come here next Sunday.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
11. They have been waiting for the chief guest for an hour. 11. I have finished the work.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
12. He posted the application last week. 12. Columbus discovered the sea route to America.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
13. They were decorating the classroom at this time yesterday. 13. Monday comes after Tuesday.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
14. Rajani is doing an online course these days. 14. They often quarrel with each other.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
15. You must submit the project report in a week. 15. River water tastes salty.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
16. Children are afraid of strangers. 16. People can solve any problem.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
17. I was at home at 7 last evening 17. Trees give us oxygen.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
18. He wakes up early in the morning daily. 18. A circle has corners.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
19. Students wear uniform on every Friday. 19. We used to swim in this pond when we were children.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
20. She keeps silent during the class. 20. You must be obedient to your higher officials.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
 Q. No. 7. (c) QUESTION TAGS Q. No. 7. (c) QUESTION TAGS
PRACTICE PAPER – 1 PRACTICE PAPER – 2
Add a suitable question tag to the statement: Add a suitable question tag to the statement:
1. Pragathi will be 16 next week, ? 1. That was fun, ?
2. There‘s no place like home, ? 2. Sangamithra isn‘t coming, ?
3. I think she‘s from EFLU, ? 3. Dr. Sumegha will join the research team, ?
4. Don‘t talk to him during the lesson, ? 4. Sreshta draws pictures, ?
5. Let‘s see how things turn out, ? 5. They went to London last year, ?
6. Pass me the salt, ? 6. Be quiet, ?
7. Anything will happen now, ? 7. He shouldn‘t say things like that, ?
8. I am going to find such a way, ? 8. You won‘t be home till midnight, ?
9. We must be at college at 9 o‘clock, ? 9. Let‘s go to the beach, ?
10. The show was amazing, ? 10. There aren‘t any spiders in the bedroom, ?
11. Nobody cares how I feel, ? 11. This is Paul‘s doctrine, ?
12. We haven‘t had our dinner yet 12. Dannie plays guitar well, ?
13. Tigers are ferocious animals, ? 13. Akshara writes short stories, ?
14. There haven‘t been any showers this monsoon, ? 14. Open the door, ?
15. You have two cars, ? 15. Children often play video games on smart phones, ?
16. We mustn‘t forget to pay taxes, ? 16. They hadn‘t visited you before, ?
17. Few athletes have got sponsors in AP, ? 17. You aren‘t a north Indian, ?
18. A few tennis players could get sponsors, ? 18. Mehak has written the article, ?
19. You needn‘t leave early, ? 19. Sugandh doesn‘t like watching movies, ?
20. Few people have ever seen her laugh, ? 20. He‘ll go to the party, ?
21. No-one should drive on the right side of the road, ? 21. She sings melodiously, ?
22. The fishermen need new nets this season, ? 22. Rahul cooks well, ?
23. The journey was not an easy one, ? 23. They live in England, ?
24. Let‘s go for a swim, ? 24. She didn‘t leave, ?
25. The walls in every town look very attractive now, ? 25. Sumanth is a good friend, ?
26. You have been waiting for long, ? 26. Rohith is on the list, ?
27. The car needs re-painting, ? 27. Few students knew the answer, ?
28. The town clock strikes only 12 o‘ clock, ? 28. We could scarcely hear what he said, ?
29. Temperatures are rising abnormally, ? 29. Please put these papers on my desk, ?
30. The players are talking to each other in the field, ? 30. Put your luggage on the scales please, ?
31. The chief guest discussed the importance of learning languages, ? 31. Always take heed of good advice, ?
32. John and Mary admire each other, ? 32. Never live beyond your means, ?
33. Govind was arrested for drunken driving, ? 33. Don‘t believe everything you hear, ?
34. Let‘s not make this an issue, ? 34. Have a glass of champagne, ?
35. Keep quiet, ? 35. Rishi‘s poems are religious and secular, ?
36. It is raining, ? 36. That was awesome, ?
37. You‘ve finished the work, ? 37. I‘m late today, ?
38. We can go home now, ? 38. Anyone could wish for such an honour, ?
39. Reshmi works at the art theatre, ? 39. You haven‘t broken that glass, ?
40. Rishitha came home late, ? 40. We‘ve had no information yet, ?
 Q. No. 8. SIMPLE, COMPLEX AND COMPOUND SENTENCES Q. No. 8. SIMPLE, COMPLEX AND COMPOUND SENTENCES
PRACTICE PAPER – 1 PRACTICE PAPER – 2
Fill in the blank with a suitable conjunction: Fill in the blank with a suitable conjunction:
1. there is life there is hope. 1. The train was derailed no one was hurt.
2. Please write I dictate. 2. you run fast, you will not overtake him.
3. Rama may be in the house or in the garden. 3. Bangalore but also AP share the waters of the river Cauvery.
4. Sita and Ganga go to school. 4. She is wise that nobody can cheat her.
5. He sat down he was tired. 5. I lost the prize I tried my best.
6. I like him he is dangerous. 6. Stay where you are I return.
7. You must be quite you must leave the room. 7. I don‘t know he joins us or not.
8. I will come time permits me. 8. It is not you your honour which is at stake.
9. Walk carefully you will tumble down. 9. She was sleeping the phone rang.
10. He must do as he is told he will be punished. 10. You may do it you like it.
11. He went out the train stopped. 11. H stood first in IAS purely he worked hard.
12. it is autumn, the leaves are falling. 12. He got a distinction everyone has praised him.
13. Abdul works harder Karim. 13. I warned him several times he never rides slowly.
14. Hari came nor sent a leave letter. 14. The dog does not eat grass does it allow the cattle to graze.
15. He must start at once he will be late. 15. He goes to office at 8.00 a.m. he returns by 5.00 p.m.
16. The old man fell down the steps broke his leg. 16. I prefer natural diet I want to maintain a good health.
17. you try, you will never succeed. 17. He is a wonderful man that everyone likes him.
18. Will you kindly wait I return? 18. there is a will, there is a way.
19. He lost his balance fell off the bicycle. 19. We did not convince him hard we tried.
20. did he see us than he disappeared. 20. He staggered he were a drunkard.
21. She writes slowly neatly. 21. We all know sin and sorrow go together.
22. He drew his sword he might defend himself. 22. We shall fail we are industrious.
23. I did not buy it I did not like the look of it. 23. This problem is so difficult that they could not solve it.
24. He behaves he were the owner of the house. 24. you wish it, it shall be done.
25. She is poor she educated all her children. 25. I shall not go out now it is raining very heavily.
26. We must do our homework the teacher will punish us. 26. He did not succeed he worked hare.
27. I heard the news, I started for home. 27. Neither my brother my sister was there.
28. He studies ten hours a day he may get a good rank. 28. he is a busy, he spends time with his family.
29. She must be tired she walked five miles. 29. She is intelligent hard working.
30. It is a dill story that nobody listened to it. 30. Raju will play today he gets a chance.
31. Be a good citizen you go. 31. You can‘t succeed you work hard.
32. No sooner did the teacher enter the class the students got up to wish him. 32. We must reach there anyone else.
33. I was going to my office, I met with an accident. 33. Sam is a fool a stupid to accept this offer.
34. The was unruly the teacher punished him. 34. I fell asleep I was watching TV.
35. Nehru was a great statesman but also a prolific writer. 35. He is intelligent hard working.
36. I awoke one morning found myself famous. 36. Samuel was eating food the postman arrived.
37. I were personally your enemy, I might pity and forgive you. 37. I was very angry, I didn‘t argue.
38. Give every man your ear few your voice. 38. you win the first place, you will receive a prize.
39. we approached the house, we heard the sound of music. 39. I could not get a seat I came early.
40. There were more people we had expected. 40. We are leaving Wednesday or not it rains.
 Q. No. 8. SIMPLE, COMPLEX AND COMPOUND SENTENCES Q. No. 8. SIMPLE, COMPLEX AND COMPOUND SENTENCES
1. Combine the following sentences using: in spite of, despite. 3. Combine the following sentences using: but, yet, still.
1. The boss was angry, He did not shout at the staff. 1. The ship sank. The crew were saved.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
2. Naresh did not study well. He passed in the exams in first class. 2. I tried my best. I lost the prize.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
3. He is very rich. He is not happy. 3. Sandhya was sick. She attended all the exams.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
4. There were several difficulties on her way. She continued her expedition. 4. I lived in north India for two years. I can hardly speak any Hindi.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
5. I assured her repeatedly. She still looked very reserved. 5. Meena spends money lavishly. Her mother does not scold her.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
6. She is always reserved. She likes people who make her laugh. 6. The teacher warned Sid. He continued to come late.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
7. I am very hungry. I am not going to eat any fast foods. 7. He took great care while driving. He met with an accident.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
8. We planned everything carefully. A lot of things went wrong. 8. Vimala is highly qualified. She is not interested to do any job.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
9. There were occasional lapses. This was a fine performance by the group. 9. There was a language barrier. They fell in love with each other.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
10. They often quarrel with each other. They still remain best friends. 10. The story was not very interesting. I enjoyed the movie.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
2. Combine the following sentences using: though, although, even though. 4. Combine the following sentences using: being, having, because of, etc.
11. We live in the same street. We hardly ever see each other. 11. He is poor. He cannot provide for the education of his children.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
12. The box was very heavy. The girl lifted it easily. 12. It was a very hot day. We did not go out.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
13. The constable ran as fast as he could. He could not catch the their. 13. She performed her duties well. She was given a promotion. (having)
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
14. They tried to pull my leg into the issue. I cleverly escaped from their evil plan. 14. He was negligent. He did not prosper in his life. (on account of)
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
15. He seems to be rough outwardly. He is very good at heart. 15. They haven‘t paid their electricity bill. Their power supply was cut off.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
16. My uncle is very rich. He is not very proud of his wealth. 16. The company had no proper financial blue print. It suffered heavy losses.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
17. He is an experienced surgeon. People don‘t prefer him. 17. The magician took pity on the mouse. He turned it into a cat.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
18. I warned him several times. He never rides slowly. 18. He was dissatisfied. He resigned his position.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
19. The train was derailed. No one was hurt. 19. He was occupied with important matters. He had no time to visit us.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
20. The apples looked good. Some of them were spoiled. 20. There was severe draught last year. The crops failed. (owing to)
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
 Q. No. 8. SIMPLE, COMPLEX AND COMPOUND SENTENCES Q. No. 8. SIMPLE, COMPLEX AND COMPOUND SENTENCES
5. Combine the following sentences using: as, since, because 7. Combine the following sentences using: too-to
1. It was cloudy. I went out with an umbrella. 1. It is very dark here. We cannot see anything.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
2. He overslept himself in the lounge. He missed the train. 2. This problem is very complex. It cannot be solved easily.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
3. She consulted a doctor. She found herself getting weaker and weaker. 3. This box is very heavy. She cannot lift it.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
4. My grandfather never complained about anything. He was quite contented. 4. This question is very difficult. I cannot answer it.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
5. The Indian cricketers practised very hard They got tired completely. 5. This coffee is very hot. We cannot drink it.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
6. He resigned his job. He was suffering from a prolonged ill-health. 6. The news is very good. It cannot be true.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
7. We couldn‘t sleep well last night. The room was full of mosquitoes. 7. He is very proud. He cannot say sorry.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
8. I cancelled my appointment with the doctor. I had some urgent work at office. 8. Your handwriting is very illegible. I cannot read it.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
9. He is hard of hearing. She always speaks to him in a loud voice. 9. The traffic was very heavy. They could not reach their offices in time.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
10. He realized his mistake. We shall take no further action against him. 10. The train was very crowded yesterday. I could not find a seat.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
6. Combine the following sentences using: so, therefore, for, now that 8. Combine the following sentences using: so – that (cannot/ could not}
11. He practiced the game daily. He became an expert player. 11. This passage is very difficult. I cannot understand it.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
12. He has made no provision for old age. He is leading a miserable life now. 12. He is very tired. He cannot walk.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
13. You have secured a job. You can look after your family well. (now that) 13. The work is very heavy. No man can do it in a single day.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
14. You have financial freedom. You can start a small business. (now that) 14. The signals are very weak here. Your phone cannot get a connection.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
15. She is very proud and boastful. I don‘t like her. 15. The puzzle is very difficult. Children cannot solve it without clues.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
16. He was physically very weak. He was kept in reserve in the final selections. 16. The problem is very overwhelming. She cannot handle it alone.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
17. The weather has improved. The game will be held as planned. 17. The traffic was very heavy yesterday. We couldn‘t reach office on time.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
18. I would like to see my friends. I love to go to the park daily. 18. The news is very shocking. People cannot believe it.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: …………………………………………………………………………
19. Their secret plans had been discovered. They were angry. 19. The view of the scenery is breathtaking. I cannot describe it in words.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
20. He was horrified. He saw the blood stains on the floor and no sign of his child. 20. The pain was intense. She could not sleep.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
 Q. No. 8. SIMPLE, COMPLEX AND COMPOUND SENTENCES Q. No. 8. SIMPLE, COMPLEX AND COMPOUND SENTENCES
9. Combine the following sentences using: if, unless. 10. Combine the following sentences using: to-infinitive, in order to, so as to
1. We don‘t have desire. We cannot achieve anything. 1. You must work hard. You will get first class.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
2. Post the letter today. It will reach just in time. 2. Sunny went to Canada. He will pursue some good job.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
3. She did not see the notification. She did not apply for the post. (if) 3. She is going to the gym. She wants to lose weight.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
4. You should use the code. You won‘t get the discount. (unless) 4. He saves some money every month. He wants to have security in in his old age.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
5. We must do our homework. The teacher will punish us. 5. They started early. They don‘t want to be late.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
6. You cannot get a driving license. You have to be 18 or older. (unless) 6. He is hiring experienced employees. He wants to strengthen his business firm.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
7. They should water the plants regularly. They will die. 7. He interrogated the criminal. He can get any clues of the crime from him.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
8. You need to study very hard. You won‘t pass the exam. 8. I have appointed an attendant. He will look after my grandfather.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
9. Save money. You can live securely in future. 9. I have some responsibilities. I must perform them.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
10. You must start at once. You will miss the train. 10. She is preparing sincerely. She will get the job.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
11. Combine the following sentences using: or, or else, else, otherwise 12. Combine the following sentences using: that, so-that, in order that, lest
11. Follow the rules. You will face consequences. 11. He worked very hard. He might get good marks.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
12. Clear all your bills in time. You get a penalty. 12. She started early. She reaches the office on time.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
13. Work at least six hours a day. You cannot make sure of success. 13. He drew his gun. He defended himself.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
14. You must take these medicines regularly. The infection will worsen. 14. She always eats vegetables. She may be healthy.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
15. They should apologize. The situation will escalate. 15. He worked quietly. No one could hear him.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
16. We must start at once. We will miss the train. 16. You should walk carefully. You will tumble down.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
17. You should be careful in spending money. You will end up in debts. 17. He woke up early. He may catch the morning flight.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
18. Take an early decision. You will miss a golden opportunity. 18. She practiced yoga regularly. She might improve her flexibility.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
19. Be alert of his movements. He will land you in troubles. 19. The teacher spoke clearly. Everyone could understand the lesson.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
20. Walk quickly. You will not overtake him. 20. They rehearsed the play repeatedly. They could deliver a flawless performance.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
 Q. No. 8. SIMPLE, COMPLEX AND COMPOUND SENTENCES Q. No. 8. SIMPLE, COMPLEX AND COMPOUND SENTENCES
13. Combine the following sentences using: so, and so, therefore, and therefore 14. Combine the following sentences using: and, not only – but also, both – and
1. Everyone is convinced of your honesty. You are free to go. 1. My father is educated. He is a good business man.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
2. He overslept himself in the lounge. He missed the train. 2. She is intelligent. She is industrious.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
3. His friends avoid him. He would always use foul language. 3. A. R. Rehman composes music. He also sings songs.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
4. The last date was extended. We had more time to refine our presentation. 4. Tamil Nadu shares the waters of Kaveri. Kerala shares the waters of Kaveri.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
5. The tumour turned out to be malignant. The doctors operated on it. 5. This book is liked by children. This books also liked by elders.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
6. I read the article several times. I have enough information for my presentation. 6. Suresh is an intelligent student. Suresh is a hardworking student.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
7. They arrived late to the conference. The traffic was heavy. 7. This programme is entertaining. This programme is informative.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
8. Some old houses were collapsing. The municipal authorities demolished them. 8. He gave up all his bad habits. He adopted new ways of living.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
9. The company invested in research. It had developed innovative products. 9. He educated his nephew. He also set him up in business.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
10. The weather forecast predicts rains. The farmers took care of their harvest. 10. Nehru was a great statesman. He was also a prolific writer.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
15. Combine the following sentences using: besides, apart from, in addition to 16. Combine the following sentences using: either–or, neither– not, whether - or
11 He robbed the poor widow. He also set fire to her hut. 11. Shyam is not mad. He is not foolish.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
12. He has a Fiat car. He has also Ford car. 12. Sheela does not spend money. She does not invest money.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
13. They cultivate vegetables. They raise farm animals. 13. Krishna is not hungry. He is not thirsty.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
14. She can speak English fluently. She can also speak some French. 14. She cannot speak English. She cannot write English.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
13. Over dose of medicines is harmful. It may turn out to be fatal sometimes. 15. Tony did not pass the test. Tom did not pass the test.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
16. The hotel is in beautiful surroundings. It has excellent service and amenities. 16. He does not tell a lie. He does not tolerate a lie.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
17. They shouted at us. They insulted us. 17. You can look for software jobs. You can prepare for bank recruitment exam.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
18. It is defective. It is very costly. 18. We can go to the movie. We can stay at home and watch TV.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
19. This book is very interesting. It is very informative. 19. Naveen is very rich. He pretends to be rich.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: …………………………………………………………………….………
20. Pesticides turn the soil poisonous. They damage the health of human beings. 20. He is a fool. He is a madman to accept this task.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………….……………
 Q. No. 8. SIMPLE, COMPLEX AND COMPOUND SENTENCES Q. No. 8. SIMPLE, COMPLEX AND COMPOUND SENTENCES
17. Combine the following sentences using: no sooner-than, hardly-when etc. 18. Combine the following sentences using: who, whose, whom (adj)
1. The thief saw the policeman. He ran away. 11. A girl was injured in the accident. She was taken to hospital. (who)
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
2. I saw the notification in the newspaper. I informed my friend on phone at once. 12. A man answered the phone. He told me you were away. (who)
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
3. The principal entered the classroom. All the students got up to wish him. 13. A waitress served us. She was very impolite and impatient. (who)
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
4. He saw the principal. He disappeared at once. 14. I wanted to meet a woman at the library. She was away on holiday (who)
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
5. She read the text message on the phone. She fainted at once. (no sooner – than) 15. I saw a girl. Her beauty took my breath away. (whose)
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
6. She came on to the stage. The power went out. 16. The people were kind. We bought their house. (whose)
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
7. The rain began to fall. I got home. (scarcely – when) 17. I feel sorry for the woman. You damaged her car yesterday. (whose)
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
8. We heard the noise. We rushed to the spot. 18. He is good worker. The manager promoted him to the post of a clerk. (whom)
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
9. I just closed my eyes. I fell asleep at once. 19. He was respected by the people. He worked with them (with whom)
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
10. We reached the station. The train started moving. (hardly – when) 20. They have got five children. All of them are studying medicine. (whom)
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
19. Combine the following sentences using: when, while, till, until, as soon as 20. Combine the following sentences using: which, that, when, where, why (adj)
11 She heard the news. She rushed to Delhi. (as soon as) 1. You are talking about a film. It has been lifted from the hall. (that)
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
12. She was cooking dinner. He was setting the dining table. (while) 2. Would you please show the road? The road to the railway station. (that)
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
13. He modifies the sentences. He feels his sentences are structurally correct. 3. The boat leaves at certain time. It is not yet fixed. (when)
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
14. I was the contortions of a yoga expert. I was really awestruck. (when) 4. You will always regret the day. You committed this mistake. (when)
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
15. The CEO arrives. We shall start the meeting. (as soon as) 5. They withdrew their support. Everyone knows the reason. (why)
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
16. We shall wait here. You finish your work. 6. You refused to sing. Can you tell the reason? (why)
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
17. She was studying for an exam. Her brother was playing video games. (while) 7. She doesn‘t like me. Do you know the reason? (why)
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
18. She heard the news. She broke down. (as soon as) 8. The chief guest is staying at a hotel. Do you know the name of the hotel?
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
19. The children kept playing in streets. They are called home for dinner. (till) 9. This is a library. It is in this library I used to spend most of my time. (where)
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
20. The farmers returned home. The sun had set. (when) 10. We spent our holidays in a place. It was really very beautiful. (where)
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
 Q. No. 9. DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH Q. No. 9. DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH
PRACTICE PAPER - 1 PRACTICE PAPER - 2
Turn the following sentences into indirect speech. Turn the following sentences into indirect speech.
1. Mohan said to me, ―My father works twelve hours a day.‖ 1. Mohan said to me, ―I met Suresh in Hyderabad last week.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
2. She said to him, ―I am arranging your books in an order on the selves.‖ 2. He said, ―We are in the playground.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
3. She said, ―I am meeting an old school-friend of mine tomorrow night.‖ 3. The teacher said, ―The Sun rises in the east.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
4. The clerk said, ―She will be here in half an hour if she isn‘t late.‖ 4. He says, ―I am feeling rather tired today.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
5. She said to me, ―I did not take supper last night.‖ 5. The principal said to the students, ―I am not going to give you more holidays.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
6. My cousin said, ―I came to know all this nonsense a long time ago.‖ 6. The officer said to the victims, ―I‘ll do my best to provide you the facilities.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
7. The clerk said to the boss, ―I had sent the file to the section concerned to it.‖ 7. She said to her friend, ―The prices are looking up now-a-days.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
8. He said to me, ―That is the last time I was him.‖ 8. He said to me, ―I have been working on this project work for ten days.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
9. He said to his mother, ―I will come back within an hour.‖ 9. Ramesh said to his friend, ―I didn‘t post your application.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
10. They said to me, ―We shall be living in our new house by next month.‖ 10. The clerk said to me, ―You had paid only five thousand rupees.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
11. The doctor said to the patient, ―You may have to stay in the bed for a week.‖ 11. The collector said to the reporters, ―I‘ll definitely look into the matter.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
12. Mohan said, ―I shall have been working here for ten years by 2008.‖ 12. The tourist said to the guide, ―I have never been here before.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
13. I said to him, ―The headmaster wants you to see him.‖ 13. My friend said to me, ―Your office is in a bad condition.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
14. She said to me, ―I have done my homework.‖ 14. He said to me, ―I shall expect to see you next Wednesday.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
15. Balu said, ―I don‘t drink coffee.‖ 15. He said to me, ―Banks may not function tomorrow.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
16. Sita said to me, ―I am busy now.‖ 16. Ramya said, ―Anupama was working for the Hindu.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
17. Anita said, ―We are late today.‖ 17. They said to me, ―We are not going to help you anymore.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
18. The porter said, ―The train will be late.‖ 18. My neighbour said, ―You seem to be wasting a lot of time in watching TV.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
19. He said to me, ―The book which you gave me last week was very interesting.‖ 19. My friend said to me, ―You are really a fool to lose that opportunity.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
20. He said to me, ―I don‘t want to quit my position.‖ 20. She said to her husband, ―I am fortunate enough not to have a mother-in-law.
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
 Q. No. 9. DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH Q. No. 9. DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH
PRACTICE PAPER - 3 PRACTICE PAPER - 4
Turn the following sentences into indirect speech. Turn the following sentences into indirect speech.
1. The accountant said to the stranger, ―Do you wish to open an account?‖ 1. He said to me, ―Shall I do it before tomorrow?‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
2. She said to me, ―Do you like your coffee strong?‖ 2. He said to me, ―Why did the teacher punish the boys yesterday?‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
3. He said to me, ―Does your father work in a bank?‖ 3. She said to me, ―Why wee you angry with your cousin yesterday?‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
4. My neighbour said to me, ―Is you son recovering fast?‖ 4. The teacher said to me, ―Where are you coming from?‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
5. He said to me, ―Are you enjoying yourself?‖ 5. They said to him, ―Where did you hind the documents?‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
21. She said to me, ―Shall I give you an excellent idea? 6. He said to me, ―How long have you been wearing glasses?‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
7. Our lecturer said to us, ―Am I dwelling too much on this topic?‖ 7. The teacher said to us, ―What are you going to do in the summer vacation?‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
8. He said to me, ―Have you had your pencil sharpened?‖ 8. The policeman said to me, ―What are you doing here?‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
9. She said to me, ―Have you ever visited the Great Wall of China?‖ 9. The librarian said to the student, ―When will you return the books?‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
10. Mohan said to me, ―Has your father ever taken you to task?‖ 10. My father said to me, ―Which do you select among the various courses?‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
11. He said to me, ―Had anybody been waiting here for me half an hour ago?‖ 11. A stranger said to me, ―Which is the best hotel in your town?‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
12. He said me, ―Did you go to the pictures last night?‖ 12. My mother said to me, ―Where were you when the rain started?‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
13. He said to the executive, ―Did they comply with our terms and conditions?‖ 13. She said to him, ―When will you come to my house?‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
14. She said to me, ―Did the greengrocer have any fresh vegetables?‖ 14. The inspector asked her, ―When did you him last?‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
15. He said to the cab driver, ―Will the taxi be here at eight o‘ clock?‖ 15. The old man asked, ―How far is to the railway station?‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
16. He said to me, ―Were you studying till late last night?‖ 16. He said to me, ―How old is your son?‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
17. His father said to him, ―Was the meeting going on till the power went off?‖ 17. The conductor said to the passenger, ―Why didn‘t you take ticket?
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
18. He said to the proprietor, ―Had your staff made everything ready?‖ 18. She said to me, ―How much did you pay for these overripe mangoes?‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
19. She said to me, ―Will he stay here till tomorrow?‖ 19. She said to me, ―Why did you believe he could have done this?‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
20. He said to me, ―Can you hear somebody calling?‖ 20. He said to me, ―Do you know who is coming?‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
 Q. No. 9. DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH Q. No. 9. DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH
PRACTICE PAPER - 5 PRACTICE PAPER - 6
Turn the following sentences into indirect speech. Turn the following sentences into indirect speech.
1. He said, ―Close the window.‖ 1. The manager said, ―Find out what time the train starts.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
2. He said, ―Have a cup of coffee.‖ 2. The soldier said, ―Give me another chance.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
3. She said to the boy, ―Take your muddy shoes off before you enter the house.‖ 3. My mother said, ―Always be polite when you speak to people.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
4. He said to me, ―Please lend me your pen.‖ 4. My father said to my mother, ―Don‘t be cross with the children.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
5. The teacher said to me, ―Don‘t read so fast.‖ 5. The manager said to the stenographer, ―Let me have a look at that letter.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
6. I said to my children, ―Don‘t make a noise.‖ 6. He said to me, ―Could you please type these letters for me?‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
7. The teacher said to her, ―Stand up and don‘t be afraid to say what you think.‖ 7. They said, ―Let‘s go for a walk in the beach.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
8. The manager said, ―Come again at four in the evening.‖ 8. The teacher said, ―Write down these sentences in pencil.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
9. She said to the maid servant, ―Bring it out immediately.‖ 9. My uncle said to me, ―Don‘t make friends with bad people.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
10. She said to her son, ―Don‘t forget to post the letter today.‖ 10. The police said to the public, ―Don‘t allow the strangers into your house.‖
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
11. The captain said to the soldiers, ―Don‘t fire at the enemy until I give orders.‖ 11. The publisher said, ―Please send the details as soon as possible through email.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
12. The guide said to the visitors, ―Watch these statues from a distance.‖ 12. The coach said the players, ―I warn you again not to stretch your body too.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
13. The photographer said to him, ―Sit right and give a smile.‖ 13. He said to me, ―Don‘t you live beyond your economic means.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
14. He said to me, ―Please wait here.‖ 14. The invigilator said, ―Follow the instructions strictly.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
15. The principal said to the students, ―Don‘t come late to college hereafter.‖ 15. She said to the principal, ―I beg your pardon.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
16. He said to us, ―Let us take him to hospital.‖ 16. They said to me, ―Congratulations on your grand success.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
17. My father said to my brother, ―Don‘t waste your time.‖ 17. The teacher said, ―Bring me that book over there.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
18. My friend said to me, ―Let us solve this puzzle.‖ 18. They said, ―Thank you very much!‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
19. The culprit said to the judge, ―Have mercy upon this wretched being.‖ 19. The teacher said, ―Pick up all that paper from the floor.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
20. He said to his friend, ―Please forgive me.‖ 20. The officer said, ―Don‘t leave the office until I return.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
 Q. No. 9. DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH Q. No. 9. DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH
PRACTICE PAPER - 7 PRACTICE PAPER - 8
Turn the following sentences into indirect speech. Turn the following sentences into indirect speech.
1. He said, ―How cruel of him!‖ 1. She said, ―How depressing the news is!‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
2. The teacher said, ―Bravo! You have all done well in the exams.‖ 2. He said to me, ―Look out! There is a motor-bike coming.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
3. She said, ―What a delightful surprise!‖ 3. What a stupid mistake you made!‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
4. He said, ―Can I ever thank you enough!‖ 4. My friend said, ―Oh, how wonderful! I‘d simply love to come!‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
5. The philosopher said, ―What a piece of work man is!‖ 5. She said, ―What a beautiful family you have!‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
6. They said, ―Have you ever heard anything like it!‖ 6. Mother said, ―For goodness‘ sake stop that awful row!‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
7. The girl said, ―Oh dear! I‘ve torn my frock.‖ 7. He said, ―How blessed I am to be born in this country!‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
8. He said, ―How fortunate enough we are to have such a nice boss!‖ 8. They said, Hooray! We‘re going to have a holiday tomorrow!‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
9. Her friends said, ―What a pity you didn‘t come yesterday!‖ 9. The minister said, ―How advanced a world we are living in!‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
10. They said, ―Wasn‘t it a splendid show!‖ 10. They said, ―By Jove! That was a good race!‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
11. The economist said, ―Alas! People still suffer from hunger.‖ 11. She said, ―Good Heavens! Look at the time! You are late again!‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
12. He said, ―What an astounding bit of luck it is!‖ 12. The journalist said, ―How insecure the times are living in!‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
13. He said, ―Alas! It pains me to see the destitute out there in such a bad weather.‖ 13. She said, ―What a horrid place to live in!‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
14. She said, ―Oh my God! What have you done to your hair?‖ 14. My friend said, ―What a forgetful creature I am! I‘ve forgotten to your letters.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
15. The audience said, ―What beautiful music they are playing! 15. He said, ―How sad it is to see the orphan children beg for food!‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
16. My neighbour said, ―Hello! Where are you going?‖ 16. He said, ―I‘m glad I‘ve found you out, you little thief!‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
17. She said, ―I wonder what makes him talk like that!‖ 17. She said, ―What a stupid you are to reject that offer!‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
18. The old woman said, ―Good gracious! It‘s impossible!‖ 18. He said, ―Oh, God! I have forgotten to bring my hall-ticket.‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
19. She said, ―How wonderful an opportunity it is for me to work with 19. She said to me ―Oh, hello! Fancy meeting you! How are you?‘
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
20. Grandma said, ―Oh dear! I‘ve spilt my coffee!‖ 20. He said, ―May God bless you in all your endeavours!‖
Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …………………………………………………………………………….
 Q. No. 9. DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH Q. No. 9. DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH
PRACTICE PAPER – 9 PRACTICE PAPER – 10
Turn the following sentences in the indirect speech into direct speech. Turn the following sentences in the indirect speech into direct speech.
1. The visitors exclaimed that the artifacts in the museum were very beautiful. 1. She said that my mother wasn‘t feeling well that day.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
2. Our science teacher said that light travels in the straight line. 2. He told me that his father was leaving for Chennai the following day.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
3. A stranger requested me to show him the way to the post office. 3. The captain ordered his battalion to fire at the enemy when he gave orders.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
4. She said that she would buy a new car the following month. 4. The lecturer recommended to the students to use the Oxford Dictionary.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
5. Our Principal ordered us not to make any delay to pay the exam fee. 5. He ordered the workers to finish the work before that evening.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
6. She said that she had missed her train. 6. He proposed to his friend that they should solve the puzzle together.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
7. She exclaimed fondly that her childhood days were very memorable. 7. He instructed me to turn left and then go straight.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
8. He told us that they had visited their aunt the previous week. 8. He said that he could speak English fluently.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
9. He asked me whether the university would postpone the exams. 9. She requested me to help her to carry that luggage.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
10. My mother said that she never got up late. 10. She asked me whether I had ever met her before.
Ans: ……….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
11. She asked me what my name was. 11. He asked her brother if he had gone to college the previous day.
Ans: …….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………….
12. He asked me if I was living there. 12. The doctor warned the patient to stop smoking at once.
Ans: ….….……………………………………………………………………. Ans: ….….…………………………………………………………………….
13. Our class teacher said that he might be late for the class the following day. 13. The principal advised the students to attend the remedial classes regularly.
Ans: …..………………………………………………………………………. Ans: ……..…………………………………………………………………….
14. He said that he would see me later. 14. She asked them what they had been doing in the garden until then.
Ans: …..………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …..……………………………………………………………………….
15. She exclaimed with sorrow that she had lost her purse. 15. She exclaimed happily that the people in her village were very affectionate.
Ans: …..………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …..……………………………………………………………………….
16. He remarked that the government was not at all interested in welfare schemes. 16. He exclaimed that it was a timely help.
Ans: …..………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …..……………………………………………………………………….
17. She asked her husband why he was late. 17. My mother exclaimed admiringly that I was very clever to solve it so quickly.
Ans: …..………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …..……………………………………………………………………….
18. He requested me to pay him the fee online. 18. Churchill asked his soldiers not to lose faith.
Ans: …..………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …..……………………………………………………………………….
19. He suggested that we should rush the injured to a nearby hospital. 19. He ordered me to close the door.
Ans: …..………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …..……………………………………………………………………….
20. They asked me where I was coming from. 20. She threatened the hooligan that she would shoot him.
Ans: …..………………………………………………………………………. Ans: …..……………………………………………………………………….
 Q. No. 10 CORRECTION OF SENTENCES Q. No. 10 CORRECTION OF SENTENCES
Exercises from Textbook - 1 Exercises from Textbook - 2
Correct the following sentences wherever necessary. Correct the following sentences wherever necessary.
1. My father is reading newspaper every day. 1. John and Raman has not paid the exam fees yet.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
2. They are hoping for better outcome. 2 The boy has founded a wounded puppy.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
3. Police has arrested the thief. 3. Everyone of the students have attended the exam.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
4. I am awaiting for the letter. 4. Each of the girls are participating in the arrangements.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
5. If one wants to achieve a dream, he must make a goal. 5. Neither of the two puppies resemble their mom.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
6. I was one of those who was present on the occasion. 6. The news in this paper are very interesting.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
7. The two brothers quarrelled with one another. 7. A flock of sheep have just returned from grazing.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
8. He told me that he is going to Chennai today. 8. Spending time on social media like Facebook are a waste of time.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
9. Rekha is suffering with fever. 9. The principal along with the Heads are coming this way now.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
10. After a few hearings, the jury gave their verdict. 10. He has given me many advices.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
11. My brother Ajith play football every day in the morning. 11. Not only the coach but also the players was sad.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
12. She is buying apples when I saw her. 12. Physics are an interesting subject.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
13. Shami bowled his first over before we entered the stadium. 13. I have seen an European at the market.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
14. My father do not watch movies in the theatre. 14. I always sit above Charan on the same bench in the class.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
15. Ratan attend the classes from tomorrow. 15. One should not be angry at children all the time.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
16. Raghu is worst than his brother. 16. Santhanu is an one-eyed man.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
17. Fifty miles are a long distance. 17. December is a last month of the calendar.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
18. Don‘t disturb me, I write my assignment now. 18. Bharath plays guitar exceptionally well.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
19. Look! They play very well. 19. Raju met me at Sunday.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
20. By next month, we will complete our project work. 20. Singham is a honest cop.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
 Q. No. 10 CORRECTION OF SENTENCES Q. No. 10 CORRECTION OF SENTENCES
Exercises from Textbook - 3 Exercises from Textbook - 4
Correct the following sentences wherever necessary. Correct the following sentences wherever necessary.
1. Titanic was considered to be unsinkable. 1. The new machineries have recently been purchased from Germany.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
2. He has been residing in this house for 2019. 2. Look there, the children play in the rain.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
3. He prefers coffee than tea. 3. We have watched the newly released film last week.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
4. Kurnool is located on the banks of Tungabhadra river. 4 The class started before I entered the class.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
5. No other state is most literate as Kerala. 5. NDRF is not afraid with risks.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
6. Ooty is the beautiful than some other holiday resorts. 6. This cyclone is appearing fatal.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
7. Govind is not better of all the students in the class. 7. Relief material is coming to camp every day by a truck.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
8. I know that Swapna is your‘s aunt. 8. The food packets received by the people yesterday.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
9. Don‘t give up never practising English. 9. The minister along with his followers are coming to the earthquake hit areas.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
10. Rohit plays well, isn‘t he? 10. Pramod is one of the member in the rescue team.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
11. Bread and butter are common food for many people. 11 The CM said that people can denote liberally to the victims.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
12. Ten thousand rupees are the course fee for this year. 12. Where they kept relief camps yesterday?
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
13. Prithima as well as her husband work in software. 13. The CM asked the officials why they did not respond fastly.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
14. One should love their country. 14. Though they worked hard, but they could not complete the rehabilitation.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
15. Sravani is both beautiful as well as clever. 15. Everyone have problems.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
16. Since the dog was hungry, so we gave it some cookies. 16. The police is investigating the case.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
17. The chief guest is eloquent and his message was inspiring. 17. Time and tide wait for none
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
18. His guilt is evident and so the judge sentenced him for two years. 18. Each dish were delicious.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
19. All the sceneries in Kona Seema are very beautiful. 19. The CM along with his ministers have taken a decision.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
20. Four new deers are brought to the local zoo. 20. Either Prakash or you has to go there.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
 Q. No. 10 CORRECTION OF SENTENCES Q. No. 10 CORRECTION OF SENTENCES
Exercises from Textbook - 5 Additional Exercise – 6
Correct the following sentences wherever necessary. Correct the following sentences wherever necessary.
1. Not only the coach but also the players was proud. 1. I am looking forward to meet my uncle.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
2. The luggages are sent through railway goods service. 2. I don‘t like such men who are sweet-tongued.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
3. Physics are a wonderful subject. 3. I have been waiting here for 9 p.m.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
4. Four hundred kilometers are a tiresome journey. 4. Padma‘s clothes are not so good as Sudha.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
5. No sooner did he enter the house when the intruder escaped. 5. She even may help you if you ask.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
6. The cutting-pliers is missing. 6. The population of Delhi is greater than Chennai.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
7. His spectacles is costly. 7. We serve the breakfast at 8 a.m. daily.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
8 These flowers are smelling sweet. 8 Scissors is usually made of steel.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
9. Either the father or his children has arrived home early. 9. He coughed to attract her attention loudly.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
10. Every bike rider should abide to the traffic rules. 10. If I were him, I would not do it.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
11. All the books have been sold out last week. 11. It‘s no use to go to the theatre now.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
12. I, Ramesh and you will together book a cab. 12. Rajadhani Express is one of the fastest trains in India.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
13. I am feeling terribly cold. 13. She is the tallest of the two girls.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
14. The police has arrested the gang of robbers. 14. The police are searching the missing women.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
15. Wise think before they speak. 15. They called him as a fool.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
16. Mary goes to the church every Sunday. 16 His luggages have been checked at the air port.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
17 Neither of these pens are mine. 17. Each of the students in the class have to bring their own drawing equipment.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
18. No sooner we reached there than it began 18. East Indies are now known as Indonesia.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
19. Rama is taller than any boy in the class. 19. It‘s no good to advise him.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
20. She is angry upon me. 20. She spends too much money for clothes.
Ans: …………………………………………………………………………… Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………
 Q. No. 11. PARAGRAPH WRITING topic more interesting to readers. In case of expository and persuasive
Definition of a paragraph paragraphs, to support and clarify the main idea is to use facts and statistics.
A paragraph is a group of sentences which are related to one main idea or a single Examples are specific instances of a general idea. They support the writer‘s
topic. main idea. An Anecdote is a little story that is usually biographical or
Parts of a paragraph autobiographical, can also be used to support to prove a main idea. A paragraph
A paragraph is generally divided into three parts: Introduction - Body - Conclusion may be developed with one type of details or with a combination of types.
 Use a topic sentence that denotes of purpose, theme or central idea.
 Substantiate your argument with supporting details. c) The concluding sentence: The concluding sentence should emphasize or
 Use connectors or linkers to organize or sequence your ideas. summarize the main idea. It can help readers grasp the main idea of a paragraph.
Component Input Connectors /Linkers
Features of a paragraph
at the beginning, at the outset, to
definition, statement of 1) Unity of thought: It is generally accepted that only a single idea has to run
Introduction define, to state, the main idea is
purpose, aim or objective through the entire paragraph. Each sentence in a paragraph goes on adding detail
… etc.
upon detail to develop the paragraph. So every sentence in the paragraph must
supporting details, explanation, To move further, Firstly,
be connected closely to each other. Unity is to keep all details hang together to
Body data, facts, figures, examples, Secondly, Next, in comparison,
the main idea or theme of the paragraph. Unity simply means that all the
anecdotes contrastingly, In addition,
supporting sentences work together to develop the main idea. But, in paragraphs
Finally, before we conclude, at
sum up, connect with the that relate a series of actions or events, you can achieve unity by the very
the end, as we wrap, lets
Conclusion beginning, finally satisfying sequence of the action or events. You should keep in mind that even though
recollect how we began, hence,
with the content there is no main idea in a paragraph, it should have unity.
thus, so, etc.
2) Coherence: Coherence is also one of the important qualities of a good
paragraph. Coherence is closely related to unity. Each detail should be linked to
a) The Topic Sentence: The topic sentence is the opening sentence that states the
the next idea. All the ideas contained in a paragraph should be relevant to the
main idea of the paragraph. You need to express what you are going to say or
main topic. In a coherent paragraph, the relationship between ideas is clear – the
discuss in the entire paragraph in the topic sentence. It discusses an over-all idea
paragraph flows smoothly. You can go a long way toward making paragraphs
in general terms. It states the gist, essence, definition, meaning, or a general idea
coherent by paying attention to two things (a) the order you use to arrange your
about something. It is a specific, limiting statement about the subject of the
ideas, and (b) the connections you make between ideas.
paragraph. A topic sentence is useful both to the writer and to the reader as it
3). Oder of ideas: When you create a paragraph, you need to arrange ideas so that
makes the writer to be focussed and keep him/her from straying off the topic. It
the order will make sense of your readers. Four types of order that writers use
acts like an anchor for further development. It helps the reader to have clear idea
are chronological order, spatial order, order of importance and logical order.
and expectations about what he is going to read. Note that not all paragraphs
Some sort of logical order runs through all the sentences in the development of
have or need a topic sentence. For example, paragraphs that relate sequences of
a paragraph. All ideas are connected with the leading idea and they are
events or actions in stories don‘t contain topic sentences.
arranged according to their importance of order. A paragraph needs coherence,
b) Supporting sentences: Supporting sentences provide details to support or to or a smooth flow of ideas from one sentence to another. To achieve coherence,
prove the main idea. They consist of sensory details, facts, statistics, examples writers generally use transitional expressions to show internal connection i.e.,
or anecdotes. In case of narrative, descriptive and self-expressive paragraphs, how one idea is related to the other. Transitional expressions make it easier to
sensory details such as images of sight, sound, taste, smell, and texture make the read a paragraph.
4) Connections between Ideas: Arranging ideas in an order that makes sense helps Topics Wh- words Details
to make paragraphs coherent, but direct references and transitional words and
Trees What Surroundings, roads, parks, forest, school,
expressions can also help. These words and phrases act as connectors between
College When college, country, near, beside, in, big, small,
and among ideas to that the paragraph is clear to readers.
Favourite teacher Where tall, short, weak, strong, sincere, regular,
Your friend Why punctual, encouraging, gentle, class, timings,
a) Direct references: Referring to a noun or pronoun that you‘ve used earlier in
Your village Who duration, principal, gardener, students,
the paragraph is a direct reference. You can make direct references by (1)
Super market Whose colleagues, farmer, parents, myself, library,
using a noun or pronoun that refers to a noun or pronoun used earlier, (2)
Pet Whom labs, playground, teach, water, ride, live, give,
repeating a word used earlier, or (3) using a word or phras3 that means the
Your house How help, have, has, had, gain knowledge, reduce
same thing as one used earlier.
Laboratories How many pollution, want to follow, pollution free, eco-
Which friendly
b) Transitional Expressions: Words and phrases that make a transition from
An example is given below.
one idea to another are called transitional expressions. These words and E.g.: Topic -Trees
phrases include prepositions that indicate chronological or spatial order as Question: Where do we find trees?
well as conjunctions, which connect and show relationships. The following Answer: We find trees in our surroundings, parks and forests.
chart includes some frequently used transitional expressions. Now frame as many questions as you can and write suitable answers

Kinds of Paragraphs: Editing and proofreading

Based on the content and the purpose of writing paragraphs, they can be classified Purpose of the paragraph
broadly into four types, namely: narrative, descriptive, expository and persuasive. Is the message precise?
Kind Descriptive Narrative Expository Persuasive Do we need to add or remove anything from the text?
Purpose To describe a Storytelling, Informative, Convincing Is the text in appropriate format?
thing, Sequencing Presenting With facts and How is the construction of sentences? Grammatically, correct?
situation, The events, Opinions and details, Does the text need reorganization of any kind?
person, Narration of Idea, logical & Argumentative. Is the choice of words spelling and grammar accurate?
place. events analytical
Presenting a
mirror image

How to develop a paragraph?

A paragraph can be developed by providing supporting details, descriptions, facts,
statistics, examples or illustrations. Ideas can be generated for writing a paragraph by
using mind mapping, brainstorming and elicitation.
 Select a topic
 Ask Wh- questions related to your topic
 Choose suitable words from the details
 Make meaningful sentences
 Q. No. 11. PARAGRAPH WRITING plucks some flowers and offers them in puja to our household deities. After puja
is over, he sits in the veranda on the easy chair, relaxes himself for sometime in
1. Write a paragraph on what you do daily. reading the Eenadu newspaper while having a cup of coffee. He drops my sister
Ans: I am Santhosh. I am studying Diploma first year in Government and me at our colleges by 9: 30. Then he takes his breakfast, gets ready for office.
Polytechnic, Kavali. Writing about my daily routines, I would like to mention Taking his lunch box, he leaves for office at 9:45. From 10:00 in the morning to
what I do from the time I get up to the time I go to bed. I generally wake up at 6 5:00 in the evening he stays at office. In the evening, he comes home around
every morning. I go to toilet and answer the call of nature. After that, I brush my 5:30. He takes bath again in the evening. My mother and father have tea, chat for
teeth and take a glass of water. I do some physical exercises for fifteen minutes. some time. He watches news on TV for some time. He takes light supper at 8:00.
Sometimes I prefer watering the plants in the garden to doing physical exercises. He sits with us and asks us how we are studying, checks our class work, asks
I finish taking bath by 7 o‘ clock daily. Then I read the English newspaper from questions randomly from all subjects. He retires to bed at 9:00. My father always
7:10 to 7:30. After that, I often help my mother in getting groceries and says that early to bed and early to rise keeps a man healthy.
vegetables from nearby shops. I take breakfast at 8:00 and get ready to college. I
start for college 8:30 a.m. and reach college by 9:15. I go to college by bus every 3. Write a paragraph on the uses and misuses of social media.
day. From 9:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. I attend classes. I take my lunch at about 1:20 Ans: Social media is playing a vital role in the digital world today. There are both
p.m. In the evening, after college hours, from 4:30 to 5:30 I play games with my uses and misuses or advantages and disadvantages of social media. Social media
classmates in the college grounds. We play cricket, football and volleyball. I get has connected the whole world and made it a global village. People from different
back home at 6:30 p.m., take bath and have some home-made snacks and a cup places can connect with one another. Social media has made it possible to have
of tea. From to 7:00 to 9:00 p.m., I do my homework and study for some time. world class education. It is offering a lot of possibilities to both students and
All the members of my family sit for supper at 9. We take our supper for half an teachers. The third benefit of social media is that Real Time Information Sharing.
hour. Supper/Dinner time is the best time for me because I have some lovely time You can share your issues with the community to get help and advice. Social
with my parents and my siblings. We sometimes watch programmes on TV while media is very helpful in improving one‘s business at a fast pace. Coming to the
having supper. Thus, my typical day comes to an end when I say my prayers and misuses of social media, it has a negative impact on health. Most of the users
go to bed at 10:00. become lazy because of the excessive use of social network. Using social media
without any specific purpose can waste our time. Hacking is another dangerous
2. Write a paragraph about routines of your parents. misuse of social media. Personal data can easily be hacked and shared on the
Ans: My father is K. Sri Ram. He is a Section Officer in Telugu Ganga Project. Internet. Accounts can be hacked and the hacker can post materials that affect the
He is an affectionate father and he is a responsible person. He is well respected individuals‘ personal lives. Many psychiatrists believe that social media is the
by one and all in my family as well as my relatives. My father‘s daily routine is single most factor causing depression and anxiety in people. It is also one of the
very typical and difficult to follow. He gets up at 4 in the morning. Attends to his causes of poor metal growth in children. Over use of social media can also lead to
call of nature, brushes his teeth and washes himself well and finishes all of these poor sleeping patterns. There are many other negative effects like cyber bullying,
before it is quarter to five. He goes upstairs, spreads the mat in the attic, where he body image changing issues etc. Thus, to sum up, if used in a proper way, social
is not disturbed by anyone, and meditates for half an hour that is from 4: 45 to 5: media can become a much more dependable tool for the progress of mankind.
15. From 5:30 to 6:00, for half an hour, he offers surya namaskaras and does
yoga which keeps him physically fit. After waking me up and my sister, he goes 4. Write a short paragraph about Artificial Intelligence.
into the garden, does some gardening work like watering the plants, pruning the Ans: In 1955, John McCarthy used the phrase ‗artificial intelligence‘ for the first
plants etc. Then, he goes out to bring groceries, vegetables and fruits which are time. The concept of Artificial Intelligence has been under study for over 70
needed presently at home. After that, he takes bath, goes into the garden again, years. AI has massive potential advantages. With Artificial Intelligence, human
 errors are reduced and a greater degree of perfection is possible. Using AI in socioeconomic status, pressure or oppression from friends. If you feel that you
weather forecasting has reduced the majority of human errors. We can overcome have low self-esteem and negativity, you can overcome them by adopting certain
many risky limitations of humans by developing AI robots which in turn can do measures. You must always surround yourself with the right people. You must
the risky things for us such as navigating in space, defusing a bomb, exploring get to know yourself strengths and weaknesses from time to time. You must
the deepest parts of oceans, mining for coal and oil. AI can be used effectively in become your own true best friend. You must acknowledge sincerely where you
any kind of natural or manmade disasters. Using AI, we can make machines work need change. You shouldn‘t compare yourself with others. You must repeat
24 x 7 without any breaks and they don‘t even get exhaustion and boredom like positive affirmations. You must take care of yourself both physically and
humans. Many repetitive works like sending a thanking mail, verifying certain mentally. You must be able to give back whatever you can to the needy. Your
documents for errors and answering queries can all be done by machines with AI. feelings about yourself, your health, your behaviour with others and your relation
Digital assistants are also used in many websites to provide things that users with society enable you to live in harmony with yourself and with others. So you
want. Using AI Cognitive Automation, the banking sector has automated several must move from low self-esteem to high self-esteem.
of its activities like ATMs, CDMs etc. Using AI alongside other technologies we
can make machines take decisions faster than a human and carry out actions 6. Make an analysis and write a paragraph about your strengths and
[Link] in the healthcare sector is becoming increasingly popular these days. weaknesses in using English and also the measures to improve your English.
AI is powering many inventions in almost every domain which will help humans Ans: A clear analysis of my awareness of the English language shows that there
solve the majority of complex problems. As every bright side has a darker are some strengths and weaknesses in using this language. To know about my
version, AI also has some disadvantages. As machines with AI are very complex, strengths and weaknesses in English, I have considered the aspects of spelling,
their creation requires huge costs. AI is making humans lazy with its applications pronunciation, vocabulary improvement, use of idioms and phrases, grammar,
automating the majority of the work. AI is replacing the majority of the repetitive sentence skills, clarity of expression, accuracy in writing, listening and reading
tasks and other works with robots; human interference is becoming less which comprehension skills etc. for a deeper analyse. I have come to know that I am
will cause a major problem in the employment standards. Machines cannot good at spelling, pronunciation, vocabulary development, use of idioms and
develop a bond with humans which is an essential attribute when comes to team phrases. I am also strong in listening and reading comprehension skills. Although
management. Machines with AI can perform only those tasks which they are I am able to write clear sentences, I need to develop my writing skills a lot. At
designed or programmed to do. Thus, every new invention will have both merits the same time I have come to know that I am weak in some aspects of grammar. I
and demerits. need to develop accuracy in writing and achieve clarity of expression. I am
lacking in fluency and accuracy. I am not able to create an atmosphere needed to
5. Write a paragraph on how to overcome low self-esteem and negativity. develop English. I have realized that I need to face challenges in overcoming my
Ans: Self-esteem means self-respect. People can have either high self-esteem or weaknesses in the acquisition of English. Despite these inconsistencies, I hope I
low self-esteem. High self-esteem and low self-esteem have got their respective can develop my proficiency in English. I am regularly watching news and
characteristics. They can be identified easily. People with low self-esteem are listening to debates, sports commentary on TV. Whenever I am free, I go to
pessimistic. They have a general negative outlook about everything. They are library and read newspapers, journals and other magazines. Every day, I pick up
jealous, dissatisfied and criticize themselves for no valid reason. They dwell a few words, learn their meanings, know how to pronounce them and use them in
much on past mistakes. They always tend to be self-defensive. They are very sentences. I am also in constant interaction with my lecturers and friends who are
sensitive to the criticism of others. They are incapable of taking decisions. They very conversant in English. I hope I will do better in future.
are very much afraid of committing mistakes. They see temporary hardships as
permanent conditions. Low self-esteem can result from various factors. These
factors include genetic factors, physical appearance, weight, mental health issues,
7. Write a paragraph about how English helps you for better chances of information. While reading we must pay attention to the sentence structure,
employment. underline difficult words and phrases, refer to dictionaries to know their meaning,
Ans: Good communication skills in English have become an essential and also try to understand the contextual meaning of words. We must learn the
prerequisite for all job aspirants. Most of the organizations conduct interviews meanings, pronunciation and usage of at least five to ten new words a day. The
and group discussions in English. Apart from other skills, they assess the fourth one is to develop our ability to write. For this, we must write at least ten
communication skills of the aspirants before they offer jobs. So, the job seekers new sentences every day. We have to pick new words and try to know their
must be in a position to communicate their views clearly about a given topic. At meaning and how to use them. We must write down our everyday feelings and
every stage of their career from the time they attend an interview for a job to the experiences in the form of a diary. We have to write short descriptions and
stage of working efficiently as an employee in an organization, they need narrations of all that you see around you.
English. As part of an organization, they need to make a lot of correspondence
both online and offline that is through e-mails or drafting letters. They need to
communicate with their clients and other business firms. They need to hold
meetings from time to time to their staff members, team mates etc. They need to
explain the objectives of the organization, what to do, how to meet their targets
and so on. They often need to attend meetings, seminars at state and national
level. To understand the content of these meetings they must be in a position to
understand English, analyse the content, and interpret the same according to their
job needs. For this, they must have good listening skills too. Fluency in all
aspects of language is very much required for everyone for better chances of
employment.

8. Write a paragraph about improving English LSRW skills.

Ans: Improving English is very easy. We must have a strong desire to learn the
language. In order to learn English in a systematic way, we need to develop
LSRW skills. It means Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing in English. The
first thing to develop is the ability of listening skill. Listen to good speeches,
watch news, debates and live commentaries of sports and games in English on
Television. Listen attentively to how they are articulating different sounds while
using words and making sentences. The second important aspect of learning
English is our ability to speak well. While attempting to speak, first of all, we
must leave all our inhibitions. We need to focus on fluency at the initial stages
and go on to achieve accuracy gradually. Whenever we get an opportunity to
speak with our friends and teachers, we must speak in English only. We need to
participate in seminars, debates and elocution contests etc. We must observe
carefully while others speak and try to respond to them in simple words. The
third thing is to develop our reading abilities. We must read interesting short
stories, novels, newspapers, journals, magazines and any other scientific
 Q. No. 12. GIVING INSTRUCTIONS 2. Give detailed directions to your younger brother who is visiting your
college for the first time.
1. Write some instructions to open a savings bank account in a bank. Ans: While giving directions to people on how to reach a particular place, you
Ans: Opening a savings bank account is involves a little process. You need to must state each and every thing very clearly and in a detailed manner. Here are
follow a few steps and require some documents at the time of opening an the instructions I give to my younger brother who is visiting my college for the
account. Follow the instructions given below for a hassle-free transaction of first time.
opening an account: - After getting down at APSRTC Nellore, come out of the premises of the bus
- First, choose the bank that meets your requirements in terms of services, station. Come to the main road. You will find a tall statue of Indira Gandhi in
convenience, and accessibility of branches or ATMs. the traffic island which is quite opposite to the bus station. Cross the traffic
- Take all the required documents for proof of identity. island there. All private city buses stop near this traffic island.
- meet the customer service representative who handles new account openings. - Take any private city bus that goes towards Kovur.
- Ask for the savings account opening form at the account opening counter. - Ask the bus driver or conductor to stop at the bus stop near Government
- Fill out the account opening form completely and accurately. Polytechnic.
- full name, date of birth, residential address, contact number, email address - Enter through the main gate of the Polytechnic.
- For proof of identity you must provide any one valid government-issued - After walking a few steps, take the left turn. This will bring you to main
photo ID, such as: Passport, Aadhar card, Voter ID card, driving license etc. - entrance of the college.
- Submit photocopies and possibly originals for verification. - Ask any students for assistance if needed.
- Provide two to three recent passport-sized photographs - For inquiries related to admissions, enrolment, or student services, you can
- Deposit the minimum initial amount required to open the savings account. consult the staff in administrative section.
- Sign on the signature mandate section of the account opening form. - Administrative Offices: For administrative matters or faculty offices.
- If you wish to nominate someone for the account, fill out the nomination form - Follow college rules and regulations.
provided by the bank. - Keep your belongings secure.
- submit the form along with the required documents to the bank officer. - In case of any emergency, locate the nearest security office or contact college
- Collect the acknowledgment slip or receipt provided by the bank confirming security personnel.
the submission of your account opening application. - Ensure you have everything you need before leaving.
- After processing your application, the bank will issue a welcome kit
containing your account number, ATM / debit card (if applied), and other 3. Write a set of instructions on how to get admission into the diploma course.
account-related details. Ans: Steps to Get Admission into Polytechnic Diploma Course
- Enrol for online banking services if available and desired, to manage your - Observe the notification given by State Board of Technical Education &
account conveniently from anywhere. Training, AP in all leading newspapers
- Follow the instructions provided with your ATM / debit card to activate it. Set - Obtain the admission information brochure or prospectus from the
your PIN for ATM transactions. polytechnic's website
- Read Terms and Conditions: understand the fees, charges, interest rates, and - Take note of important dates (application deadlines, entrance exam dates,
terms associated with the savings bank account. counselling dates).
- Fill in the all the required details in the application form online
- Upload the necessary documents such as: SSC Hall Ticket, digital photograph
and digital signature
 - Submit your application to the regional centres as stated in the details of the - Choose the account type from which you wish to withdraw money (e.g.,
notification current, savings).
- Pay the requisite fee through online - Enter the amount of money you want to withdraw using the keypad.
- Review the transaction details on the screen for accuracy, including the
- Prepare for the entrance exam by studying relevant subjects and topics as per
withdrawal amount and the account from which funds will be deducted.
the syllabus provided by the polytechnic. - The ATM will process your transaction. Do not remove your card or leave the
- Adhere to the exam schedule and instructions provided by the polytechnic. ATM until the process is complete.
- After the entrance exam (if applicable), polytechnics publish a merit list based - Once the transaction is approved, the ATM will dispense the requested
on exam scores and/or academic performance. amount of cash. Take the cash from the dispenser.
- If you qualify for the merit list, you will be invited for counselling sessions. - The ATM may ask if you want a receipt. Choose "Yes" or "No" according to
- Attend counselling sessions as per the schedule provided. During counselling, your preference. It's advisable to take a receipt for your records.
- Remember to take your ATM/debit card from the machine before leaving.
you may need to:
Some ATMs beep or display a reminder message if the card is left inside.
- Verify original documents. - Count your cash and securely keep it in your wallet along with your card
- Choose your preferred course such as Civil, Electrical, Mechanical, back. Ensure your PIN and transaction details are not visible to others.
Automobile, Computer Engineering etc. based on your rank
- Once selected through counselling, pay the admission fee and any other 5. Write a set of instructions how to draft and sent an email to your friend.
required fees as per the polytechnic's instructions. Ans: Following are some of the instructions which are helpful to draft and send
- Complete any additional formalities, such as submitting medical fitness an email successfully to your friend from turning on your system to completing
the email process.
certificates or undertaking an anti-ragging declaration.
- Press the power button on your computer or laptop to turn it on.
- Attend the orientation program and start attending classes as per the academic - Wait for the operating system to load. Enter your login credentials if required.
calendar of the polytechnic. - Launch your preferred email application (e.g., Gmail, Outlook, etc.)
- Keep checking the polytechnic's website or admission portal for any updates - Look for a button or link that says "Compose" and click on it.
or changes in the admission process. - This action will open a new blank email message.
- If there's an entrance exam, dedicate sufficient time to prepare and practice - In the "To" field of the email, type your friend's email address.
- Enter a concise subject that summarizes the purpose of your email.
previous years' question papers.
- Start with a friendly greeting using your friend's name (e.g., "Hi [Friend's
- If you have any doubts or queries, contact the admission office of the Name],").
polytechnic for clarification. - Write your message. Include the main reason for writing. Organize your
thoughts into paragraphs if discussing multiple topics.
4. Write a set of instructions on how to draw money from an ATM. - Clearly outline any questions you have or requests you want to make.
Ans: Here are step-by-step instructions on how to withdraw money from an - Wrap up your email with a friendly closing (e.g., ‗Looking forward to hearing
ATM: from you.)‘
- Find a nearby ATM that belongs to your bank or accepts your bank card. It - Sign off with your name (e.g., "Best regards, [Your Name]").
should be in a secure and well-lit location. - Proofread your email for clarity, tone, and any errors in spelling or grammar.
- Walk up to the ATM machine and insert your ATM / debit card into the card - Make any necessary edits to ensure your message is clear and professional (if
slot with the chip facing upwards. needed).
- Use the keypad to enter your 4-digit Personal Identification Number (PIN) - Once satisfied with your email, find the "Send" button and click on it.
linked with your card. Cover the keypad with your hand to prevent others - Your email will be sent to your friend's inbox. Check the sent folder to
from seeing your PIN. confirm it was delivered successfully.
- If prompted, select your preferred language for the transaction. - After sending the email, close your email application or log out if using a web
- On the screen, select the "Withdrawal" option from the main menu. browser.
 Q. No. 13. DIALOGUE WRITING 2. Language: A dialogue represents actual speech. So your dialogues should
represent colloquial way of talking or conversational English. Always use
1. Pleasantries: In order to give your dialogue a proper beginning, always start it
with pleasantries. A pleasantry is a polite, social, friendly remark. People use simple English and direct speech only. Express your thoughts in easy and
pleasantries with someone they meet to show that they are friendly. Pleasantries natural constructions. Distinguish between formal and informal language. Avoid
are inconsequential remarks made as part of polite conversation. slang and profane words.
e.g. ‗How are you?‘ - is a social pleasantry. a. Read the following dialogue that is set in informal tone:
Sampath : Mukesh, I’m very upset with you.
Here are some more examples pleasantries: Mukesh : Why, Sampath, what have I done?
Hi! How are you? How about you? Sampath : I hear that you been selected to SBI as a probationary officer.
Hey! How is life? It‘s a pleasure to see you.
I’m surprised that you didn’t think of telling me about it.
Hay! How is yours? I‘m fine.
Mukesh : Oh Sampath, I’m very sorry! I thought that you were with all
Hello! How is life treating you? What‘s new?
our other friends when I broke the news. Do forgive me in you
And you? Pretty well. What‘s the latest?
can.
How are things getting along?
Sampath : That’s all right. These things happen sometimes. I knew you
Any conversation, either formal or informal, is generally begun with these wouldn‘t deliberately do such a thing like that.
pleasantries. You can proceed to the conversation and develop the given topic b. Read the following dialogue and observe the formal tone:
after an exchange of the pleasantries. Study the following examples of some Mrs. Nair : Good evening, Mr. Shamim. I’m sorry to trouble you, but
exchanges of pleasantries: there’s a small problem that I want to speak to you about.
a. Amita : Good morning, Mr. Aanand. How‘re you? Shamim : What is it, Mrs. Nair?
Anand : Good morning, Amita. I‘m very well, thank you. What about Mrs. Nair : There seems to be a leak in your bathroom pipe and the
you? water seeps through the roof of our flat downstairs.
Amita : I‘m fine, thanks. Could you have the pipe repaired, please?
b. Farah : Hello, Mary! What a lovely surprise! Good to see you after a Shamim : Oh, I’m terribly sorry. I knew the pipe had a leak
long time. somewhere, but I didn‘t realize that it was causing
Mary : Hi, Farah! Yes, it‘s great to see you too! How‘re you and where damage to your flat. Please forgive me. I‘ll have the pipe
have you been? repaired immediately.
Farah : Just fine, thanks. And how are things with you? Mrs. Nair : That’s very kind of you, Mr. Shamim. I hope you didn’t
Mary : Everything is okay, thanks. mind my bringing up this matter.
Shamim : Oh, no, Mrs. Nair. I‘m glad you brought the problem to my
Keeping the word limit in mind, if you are forced to begin the dialogue in notice. I wouldn‘t have known about it otherwise.
the middle, you can avoid using the pleasantries. You don‘t need all the Hellos,
Goodbyes and boring small talk of daily life. You can cut out this part of the 2 b) If you want to include the actions and the feelings of different characters,
dialogue. At the same time, you must be careful not to put your readers or the you can put them within the brackets against the names of the characters
examiner in confusion so you must present the dialogue from the middle in an after the colon, but before the dialogue begins. Look at the following
understandable way. Read the following dialogue which starts in the middle dialogues and observe the feelings and actions in the brackets:
without using any pleasantries: a. Victoria : Are you planning to pinch it?
c. Dinesh : Thank goodness! Our exams are over at last. Henry : (shocked) No, my child. Grandpa gave it to your mother before
Hrithik : What a relief! I hope I shall pass. I have just got a letter from my he died.
father promising to send me to the medical college if I get b. Mrs. Slater : Victoria, run upstairs and fetch that bunch of keys that‘s on
through Class - 12.
your grandpa‘s dressing-table.
Dinesh : Oh! Are you going to be a doctor?
Hrithik : Yes, and I am very glad. Victoria : (timidly) In Grandpa‘s room?
 c. Mr. Thomas : Good morning! I‘m Thomas. I‘ve joined the bank today as quite permissible, and adds to its naturalness. The punctuation mark we use to
an assistant accounts officer. show this interruption is three dots (...).
Mr. Sarkar : (rising to his feet) Good morning! I‘m happy to meet you a. For example, read the following piece of informal dialogue.
Alekhya : I am perfectly certain he would never do such thing. Why,
I‘m Abhay Sarkar, and I‘m a manager in the housing loans
only the other day he told me...
division. Welcome to our bank! Bhavani : I don‘t care what he told you I know for a fact that he did it.
Mr. Thomas : Thank you, Mr. Sarkar. Very nice meeting you too.
b. An example for a formal style can be seen in the following pieces:
Your dialogue will sound unnatural if you overwhelm it with too many of Dr. Bai : We share a common ancestor with gorillas and chimpanzees.
these action and feeling words such as exclaimed, gasped, screeched postulated, We...
reasoned, argued, pondered, mouthed etc. Ahamed : Excuse me, sir. I am sorry to interrupt, but I remember
Strictly speaking, the actions and the feelings that you present within the terms of our genetic makeup to chimpanzees than we are to
brackets are called stage directions. When you are writing dialogues for a skit, a gorillas. Is that true?
one-act play, a play, a film, a novel etc. you can provide the actors with these
stage directions. These stage directions will help the characters on how to act, c. Yet another formal example is:
how to the use the stage geography and how their feelings should be while Dr. Mehtab : How do you think we should manage Mrs. Padma‘s
delivering the dialogues. jaundice?
Dr. Paul : Well, she is diabetic too. I suggest we ...
3. Dialogue: A dialogue is a conversation or set of words spoken between two or Nurse Rani : Excuse me, Dr. Paul.
more characters. It literally means ‗talk between two people‘. You must Dr. Paul : Yes, Sister?
construct the dialogue understanding the given situation well. You must make Nurse Rani : The Medical Superintendent wants to see you and Dr.
the dialogue sound like real-speech, natural and interesting maintaining different Mehtab in his room immediately.
moods of the characters. At the same time, let your conversation be brisk and
rapid, life-like and spontaneous. 4. Characters: You need to create characters who are imaginary persons supposed
In real conversation, people often use exclamations, surprise (e.g., My to be talking. The characters in the dialogue could be human beings, animals,
Word! Oh My God! Good heavens! You don‘t say so! Well! etc.) Irritation (e.g., and inanimate objects. You must give names to your characters to indicate their
Bother! O dear! Confound it!) pleasure (How nice! Splendid! Wonderful! dialogues. Give the characters their feelings, emotions and the tone suitable to
Marvellous!) and so on. Such interjections may be introduced from time to the occasion.
time sparingly. But the use of them should not be overdone. Background of the character refers to his/her age, levels of maturity,
experience, education, exposure to the worldly aspects etc. For example, a
a. Grace : There‘s a power cut from nine to six today. dialogue between a teacher and a student; between a mother and a son etc.
Pranati : How disgusting! Things are really getting unbearable. where in the teacher and the mother are more experienced and knowledgeable
Grace : The government should do something before people revolt for and so their dialogues must be wiser than the student and the son; and the tone
their basic needs! of these elderly characters –depending on the situation – may be advisory,
Pranati : Right there! critical, appreciative, optimistic and so on .
b. Sangeeta : I feel miserable. I failed in the electronics subject. Think about how each of your characters sound. Make each character
Sushil : It wouldn‘t have happened if you had had been serious. distinct – this can be subtle or dramatic. Perhaps one character likes to use a
certain word or short phrase, so make sure that the other character doesn‘t use
Sangeeta : If only I had worked hard!
that same word or phrase. It is a small distinction but useful. Don‘t let any of
Sushil : Well, stop regretting that and make sure you do well next your characters monopolize the conversation. All the characters should have a
time. fair share of words to speak. Make sure that the conversation is not dominated
In real conversation, one person sometimes interrupts the other, or breaks in on by any one character.
what he is saying. A sparing use of such interruptions in written dialogue is
5. Discourse Markers: Contraction Meaning Contraction Meaning
All right I think by the way Of course aren‘t are not hadn‘t had not
Not at all Certainly Anyway I feel oughtn‘t ought not can‘t can not
hasn‘t has not shan‘t shall not
By all means Perhaps No way! Surely! Oh, Sure!
couldn‘t could not haven‘t have not
Well, I guess Furthermore Moreover shouldn‘t should not daren‘t dare not
Pardon? Obviously Good I suppose isn‘t is not wasn‘t was not
What is more I think so Thank you Above all didn‘t did not mightn‘t might not
Precisely Fine That‘s great on the other hand weren‘t were not doesn‘t does not
Strictly speaking After all Exactly Okay mustn‘t must not won‘t will not
don‘t do not needn‘t need not
I mean That is to say for example Broadly speaking
wouldn‘t would not
Definitely Right I‘m afraid That‘s amazing!
Oh, really! As a result, Similarly You see! Oh, I see! Also take a note of the following contractions.
Excuse me In fact OK That‘s interesting! Contraction Meaning Contraction Meaning
How‘s How is What‘s What is
a. Neena : All right, can I pay by card? Where‘s Where is There‘s There is /has
Cashier : I’m afraid we don‘t accept credit cards. There‘ll There will There‘d There had/ would
Neena : Can I pay by cheque, then?
7. Punctuation Marks: Use punctuation marks appropriately - suitable to the tone.
Cashier : I’m really sorry, ma‘am. We don‘t accept anything other than cash.
Neena : That makes my job difficult because ... I don’t think I have enough Correct punctuation will be a useful tool - it‘ll help your work look professional.
money on me. When writing a dialogue, use a colon (:) after the name of the character, and
then write the spoken words. Don‘t forget to use the apostrophe (‘) in the
b. Neighbour – 1 : Excuse me.
Neighbour - 2 : Yes. contractions. Use other punctuation marks like:?, !, ; etc. appropriately.
Neighbour - 1 : Could I borrow your lawn mower, please? Mr. Ahmed : Good morning, Doctor. How’re you?
Neighbour - 2 : Yeah, sure. Dr. Kolekar : Good morning, Mr. Ahamed. I am fine, thank you. Hope
Neighbour - 1 : Thank you. I‘ll return that in a day. Anwar is all right now.
6. Contractions: In conversational English and in informal writings, the usage of Mr. Ahmed : Yes, thank you. He is back in school.
contractions is very normal. Dr. Kolekar : I would like to see him next week. Please get the blood reports
Contraction Meaning Contraction Meaning when you come.
I‘m I am He‘s He is/ He has Mr. Ahmed : I’ll do that, Doctor.
We‘re We are I‘ve I have Dr. Kolekar : I must hurry I have to be in the hospital by eleven. See you,
He‘ll He will We‘ve We have
Mr. Ahamed.
I‘ll I will He‘d He had/would
We‘ll We will/shall I‘d I had/would Mr. Ahmed : Goodbye, Doctor. Have a nice day!
She‘s She is / She has We‘d We had/ would Dr. Kolekar : Thanks. You too.
You‘re You are She‘ll She will
8. Proper Ending: End your dialogue appropriately. If you are writing an informal
They‘re They are You‘ve You have
dialogue, you can end it with informal phrases of closings: If you are writing a
She‘d She had / would They‘ve They have
formal dialogue, you can end it with the phrases of closing.
You‘ll You will It‘s It is/ It has
They‘ll They will You‘d You had/would
It‘ll It will They‘d They had/would
9. Given below are some expressions used in formal and informal contexts. 6. Giving thanks Thank you, Sir.
Sl. No. Function Expressions Thank you very much, Sir /Madam.
1. Greetings Good morning, Sir. Thanks.
How are you? Many thanks.
Thanks a lot.
Good afternoon, Madam.
Thanks for everything.
Good evening to all.
Hello! How are you? 7. Replying to thanks It‘s my pleasure.
Hi! / Hey! You are most welcome.
Hello! How do you do? That‘s alright.
Hello, everybody! It‘s OK. You‘re welcome.
2. Response to Greetings Good morning, Sir. 8. Giving Personal My name is …
I am fine, thank you. Information I‘m … years old.
Good morning, Madam. My native place is …
Good evening. I studied in …
I am good, thanks, I have completed …
Thank you very much. I would like to do …
I am excellent. My hobbies are …
Hi!, Hey! I am fond of …
I‘m interested in …
3 Leave taking Shall I take leave of you, Sir?
I‘m delighted to be ..
Shall I take leave of you, Madam?
I‘m happy to be
May I see you some other day, Sir?
I‘m looking forward to …
Bye. See you again.
See you soon. 9. Making Requests Give me your pen, please.
Can you please explain this story?
4. Introducing oneself I‘d like to introduce myself; I am Kavya.
Could you please lend me your mobile?
I am in I Year DCE branch.
Would you lend me Rs.500/-?
I am from Tirupati.
Would you please help me?
Let me introduce myself I‘m…
Please shut the window.
I‘ll introduce myself I‘m…
Hello! I‘m… I wonder if you would shut the door.
If you don‘t mind, post this letter, please.
Hi! I‘m Vishal, …
Would you mind closing the door?
Please call me Vishal…
Will you close the door?
My name is Venkat; I‘m a civil engineer...
5. Introducing others I‘d like to introduce Mr. Anantha Rao. He is 10. Seeking Permission Can I use your mobile for a call, please?
our new Librarian from Guntur. May I come in?
I feel privileged to introduce … May I know your branch?
Let me introduce … May I sit beside you?
May I introduce… Could I leave the office a little early?
It gives me great pleasure to introduce… Could I take your bike?
Here‘s Mr. Ravi, May I leave the class a little early?
I‘d like you to meet Mr. Rao, Shall I go out?
Hello, Sandhya, meet my cousin … 11 Offering Can I bring you a cup of coffee?
Hello Yeshwanth, my mi sister Bhanu. Will you please come to my house for dinner?
 Would I bring you a CD of Spoken English? Sorry to interrupt you.
Could I bring you tickets for the movie? I‘m sorry, I shouldn‘t have said that.
May I help you? I apologize for the inconvenience.
12. Giving Advice/ Shall we watch the cricket match to-night? I am extremely sorry, Sir.
Suggestions Let‘s join the Spoken English course. I‘m sorry. Sorry for being late
Why don‘t you consult a doctor? I‘m really sorry that I am not able to...
Don‘t waste your time, please. 17. Expressing Agreement I agree. I agree to some extent.
You had better stop smoking. I think you‘re right. That‘s a nice idea.
It is better if you would join DEEE branch. I entirely agree. That‘s great.
I advise you to consult the manager. That‘s perfectly all right. Yes, certainly.
I sincerely advise you not to neglect your... You‘re absolutely right.
You might consider this idea. What a wonderful idea!
You must start early 18. Expressing I‘m afraid I disagree. Well I don‘t know.
May I request you not smoke here. Disagreement Well, I wouldn‘t say that.
Do like this ... I‘m afraid I‘m not convinced.
We‘d better start early
13. Seeking Information Tell me the way to Polytechnic, please Instructions to the students:
Please inform me the latest date for paying fee. 1. Read the question carefully: In the examination you will be asked to write a
Could you tell me when the Rajadhani Express dialogue. A context or a situation will be given to you. For example, one of your
will arrive at the station? question papers has this question.
Would you mind telling me the bus fare to Write a conversation between two classmates - request for notes.
Kuppam? From this question, two things must be very clear to you:
Could you tell me the way to the medical - it is an informal situation and
shop? - the function of the dialogue focused is requesting.
Could you kindly inform me the re-opening 2. Understand the situation: A dialogue must be written in reference to a given
date of the college? situation. So, you need to understand the situation clearly. Find out whether the
Please tell me whether our principal is on context /situation is formal or informal. Once you understood the situation, start
leave? writing the dialogue.
What‘s the time please? 3. Find out the language functions: After making certain of the language function
May I ask you your surname? asked in the question, recall the expressions which can be used in that situation
What‘s the time by your watch? for performing that function.
Which is the way to the British Library? 4. Imagine yourself in that situation:
What is your surname? 5. Think of different moves in the conversation:
14. Giving a positive Yes. Yes, please. Certainly. Surely. - greetings
answer/ response With pleasure. Yes, of course. - introduce the topic: scope - extent - severity
15. Giving a negative No. Never. Sorry. I‘m really sorry. I can‘t. - elaborate /discuss the topic: merits/advantages; demerits/disadvantages;
answer/ response I don‘t know. Sorry I‘m helpless. problem, solutions; remedial measures
- end the topic
16. Expressing apology Please forgive me.
I‘m really sorry. It‘s my fault - leave taking forms
I really feel bad about it. 6. Start writing the dialogue: It is advisable to make a plan of the dialogue before
Please allow me to offer my apology. beginning to write it. Careful preparation necessary.
I‘m sorry for being late. 7. Don’t deviate from the topic: Keep the dialogue concise / to the point and
relevant to the given topic / issue. Don‘t beat about the bush.
 Q. No. 13. DIALOGUE WRITING I : Thank you, Sir. I came to know whether I can have an education
1. Write a dialogue between a lecturer and the principal wherein they are loan. My parents are poor and I think they are not able to support
talking about the measures to be taken to curb ragging in the college. me financially anymore. Moreover, we don‘t have any jewellery
Lecturer : Good morning, Sir! or lands to be mortgaged with the bank.
Principal : Good morning, Sir! Please be seated. By the way, did you think Manager : Aren‘t you eligible for fee reimbursement, Rakesh? I mean, don‘t
about the issue of ragging in our college? Some acts of ragging you get any other scholarships?
have come to my notice recently. We must stop it in the very I : No, Sir. I may not get any fee reimbursement and about
beginning. scholarships I don‘t have a clear idea sir.
Lecturer : Yes, Sir. I think it would be nice if we form an anti-ragging Manager : Don‘t worry Rakesh. We will provide you the loan. But there is a
committee in our college with all Heads of different departments little procedure in getting the loan.
as the members of this committee. I : Okay, Sir. What should I do Sir?
Principal : Yes, we can do that. Apart from this committee, we should also Manager : Once you join an Engineering College of your choice, you get a
form a students‘ committee with some of the interested senior letter from the principal stating that you are a bonafide student
students so that we can have better supervision and surveillance there.
of the issue in the campus. I : Okay Sir. What more do I need to bring Sir?
Lecturer : Right, Sir. We also need to organize some special sessions to all Manager : We also need a set of documents which consist of your address
the students explaining to them how ragging can ruin their careers proof, Aadhar card, hall ticket, rank card, enrolment number, and
and also the fact that ragging is a punishable crime. We must some other details. You need to fill in an application form.
educate them not to involve in it. I : Okay, Sir.
Principal : Absolutely!... I have seen some wall posters about ragging and Manager : Okay, Mr. Rakesh, you can meet me here during office hours,
anti-ragging. I think it is better for us to paste such posters near once you get all these things. We shall discuss later other things
the notice board at the entrance. See that the toll-free number of like tenure and repayment of the loan.
the police department is available to the students. I : Thank you very much, Sir.
Lecturer : Yes, Sir. That will also do. Moreover, all the staff members Manager : You are welcome.
should actively involve it this programme to curb ragging.
Students must be warned seriously from time to time not to 3. You are Nitin and your friend is Jatin. Construct a dialogue between you
commit this crime of ragging. and your friend about a smart phone which you have recently bought.
Principal : We also need to conduct parents‘ meeting once in a while and ask Your friend Jatin asks about its cost, features, warranty, apps etc.
them to educate their wards. Jatin : Hello, Nitin. How are you?
Lecturer : Yes, Sir. It‘s a good idea. Let the parents also know about this. Nitin : Hi, Jatin, I‘m fine. Thank you. How about you?
Principal : OK Sir. We shall conduct a staff meeting this afternoon to this Jatin : I‘m also fine.
effect. Nitin : Just a minute Jatin. I‘m getting a call from home.
Lecturer : Is there anything to discuss or shall I take leave of you, Sir. Jatin : (After the call is over) Wow! I think that‘s a brand new mobile
Principal : It‘s alright. You can leave. We shall meet in the afternoon. phone. How much is it Nitin?
Nitin : Yes, Jatin. It‘s brand-new Samsung S7 piece. It‘s Rs.21,000/- . A
2. Write a dialogue between you and a bank manager about obtaining an nice piece indeed!
educational loan. Jatin : Okay. Does it have any warranty, Nitin?
I : Good morning, Sir! Nitin : Yes, Jatin. It has two years of warranty.
Manager : Good morning! How can I help you? Jatin : What are its other features Nitin?
I : Sir, I am Rakesh. I am studying Diploma final year in Govt. Nitin : It is 6.10 inch in size, it has Samsung Exynos9820 processor, it
Polytechnic, Kavali. Recently I qualified myself in ECET with has 10MP front camera and 12MP rear camera, it has 8 GB RAM
a good rank. I have got fair chances to get a seat in JNTU. and it has 64 GB storage capacity.
Manager : Okay. That‘s fine. Congratulations! Jatin : Okay. Enjoy with your new phone.
 Nitin : Thank you, Jatin. My father gifted it on my birthday. It‘s very Suresh : It is 9949085251. Convey my regards to you parents and please
useful to me in my studies. I can browse through the required and do visit me whenever you happen to come to Hyderabad.
necessary information. I : OK, Suresh. Thank you. You also convey my regards to your
Jatin : Oh, really! It‘s very fine. parents. We‘ll be in touch. Bye Suresh!
Nitin : I think you too must have a smart phone like this Jatin. It will be Suresh : See you soon Mohan. Bye.
very useful to you.
Jatin : Let me see. OK, Nitin, Bye! I must leave now. We shall meet 5. Write a dialogue between your friend and you guiding him to arrange
some other day. things in his study room.
Nitin : See you soon Jatin. Buy! I : Hi, Murali!
Murali : Oh, What a pleasant surprise! Did you walk here all the way from
4. Write a dialogue between your friend and you. He is your classmate and the bus stop? Come! Let‘s go into my room upstairs.
you are meeting him after ten years. I : Okay. Let‘s go. How are you, Murali? How are you studying?
I : Hello, Suresh! After a long, long time! How are you my friend? Murali : I am fine. Thank you. I am studying well but not so seriously.
Where have you been all these days? What about you Vishal?
Suresh : Hi, Mohan! I‘m fine. Thank you. What about you my friend? It‘s I : I am also studying well. But … Murali …!
really ages since we met last. What are you doing now? Murali : What happened Vishal? Do you feel uncomfortable here?
I : I am also fine Suresh. Thank you. After finishing my Diploma in I : It‘s not like that. But don‘t mind my finding fault with your room.
EEE, I joined B. Tech. in SV University, Tirupati. What are you You are not at all keeping the things well.
doing now? Murali : You are right Vishal. That‘s why my mom always scolds me.
Suresh : Same here. I also joined B. Tech in JNTU, Kakinada. What did I : See the books! They are lying helter-skelter everywhere. You must
you do after B. Tech Mohan? keep your books on the shelves properly. Fold these bed sheets
I : I attended some coaching classes to appear for GATE. Based on neatly. Lay your bed properly. You must sweep your room daily.
the score I got, I was selected in Vishaka Steel Plant. At present I Only keep those books on the table which you want to study
am working there as Assistant Engineer. What about you Suresh? presently. Get that table light here.
Where are you doing now? Murali : What should I do with these door and window curtains Vishal? Do
Suresh : I was selected for BHEL in the Campus Interviews. I have been you want me to remove them?
working in BHEL, Hyderabad for the last four years. By the way I : They are fine. But you should open the windows and draw the
did you get married Mohan? window curtains to the sides to let some light and fresh air in.
I : Yes, Suresh. I got married four years ago and I was blessed with a Murali : What more do you want me to do?
daughter. How‘s life treating you? I : Dust this door mat daily. If you keep you room neat and tidy your
Suresh : Fine Mohan. I also got married three years ago. But I haven‘t got mind will be fresh and conducive to study atmosphere.
any children. How are your parents and siblings Murali? Murali : Okay, Vishal. Thank for your advice.
I : They are all fine. They are doing well in their chosen fields. Are I : It is also better for you to have a comfortable study chair and a
your parents staying with you? How are they anyway? plank. Don‘t read anything lying on your bed. You can even burn
Suresh : No, Mohan. They are staying in our native village. You know some incense sticks now and then to fill your room with fragrance. It
they are home birds. They don‘t move out of that place. I visit will definitely lift up your spirits.
them once every month. They are all fine there. Murali : Okay, Vishal. I‘ll do that definitely. Thanks for visiting me.
I : What else Suresh? I : Okay, Murali. I‘ll meet you next week. It‘s already late. I must go.
Suresh : Nothing Mohan. It‘s very pleasant to meet you after a long time. It‘s getting dark. Bye.
Please give me your mobile number. I‘ll be in touch with you. Murali : Okay Vishal. Let me drop you at the bus stop. See you soon. Bye.
I : The pleasure is mine also. Note my number, it is 9908591696.
Give me you number please. 6. Construct a dialogue between an American and you about places worth
visiting in your city.
 American: Excuse me, Sir. Murali : Yeah, Prakash. here were some health issues. I even advise you
You : Yes, Sir. Tell me please. How can I help you? not to eat any fast food outside. No doubt that hot stuff tempts your
American: I‘m a tourist here and I would like to visit all the worth seeing taste buds. In fact, it harms your body in many ways.
places in and around the city. If you don‘t think I‘m troubling you, Prakash : Oh, come on Murali! It doesn‘t matter if we take them
could you please suggest me the places that I must visit here? occasionally. I want to eat something that is delicious!
You : OK, Sir. There are several places worth visiting in this city. The Murali : Have patience, Prakash! Even if we take occasionally, there are
first thing you must visit is Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary, near chances that we may end up as chronic patients. Heavy, oily fatty
Sullurpet. This is the right time for it. You can see flamingos, foods burden your digestive system. Light, nutritious food
pelicans and other birds there in this season. prepared hygienically at home will always be very safe for us.
American: OK, it‘s very interesting. What else do you want me to visit here? Prakash : OK, Murali. Since you insist me so strongly on taking only
You : Next, …Do you have any interest in visiting temples? homemade food, let‘s go to my house and have some snacks and
American: Yeah, I have. coffee at least. From now on I‘ll take only home made food that
You : Then, you can visit Ranganayakula Swami Temple which was keeps me active and healthy.
built some four hundred years ago. It is just beside the river, Murali : Thank you, Prakash, for paying heed to my advice! Am I coming
Pennar. You can also visit Narasimha Swami Temple and with you to your home to have some fresh and hot coffee at your
Penchalakona, if possible. home?
American: Oh, sure. No problem. I‘m going to stay here for a week. I would
like to cover all the places you mentioned. 8. Write a dialogue between a customer and a shopkeeper about buying a
You : Coming to beaches, you can go to Mypadu beach and Kodurupadu mobile phone.
beach. You can also visit Gandhiji‘s Ashram there in Shopkeeper : Welcome to our showroom, Sir!
Gudipallipadu. Customer : Thank you. I would like to see some new models of mobile
American: Very interesting. I‘d love to visit them all. Thank you for sparing phones. Do you have latest mobiles with advanced versions?
your time. Shopkeeper : Yes, Sir. We have got latest models of all companies. Please be
You : The pleasure is mine. Have a nice holiday here. You can enjoy seated, Sir. I will show you some mobiles with advanced
delicious food in almost all hotels in this city. versions. Do you have any particular preference for phones, Sir?
American: OK, it‘s very nice of you to share so much information. Thank Customer : Yes, Sir. I would like to see Samsung mobiles.
you once again. Shopkeeper : OK, Sir. We have got Samsung mobiles with latest versions. See
You : You are welcome. Bye! this piece, Sir. This is Samsung S7. It is 6.10 inch in size. It has
Samsung Exynos9820 processor, 10MP front camera and 12MP
7. Compose a dialogue between two friends, one favouring homemade food rear camera, 8 GB RAM and it has 64 GB storage capacity.
and the other fast food. Customer : Very good, Sir. How much does it cost?
Murali : Hi, Prakash! How are you? Shopkeeper : It costs around Rs.27, 000//- , Sir.
Prakash : Hello, Murali! I‘m fine. Thank you. How about you? Customer : Does it have any warranty, Sir?
Murali : I‘m also doing well. Thank you. I haven‘t seen you for a long Shopkeeper : Yes, sir. The processor has two years of warranty. If you feel so,
time. Where have you been all these days? you can even insure your mobile.
Prakash : I‘ve been to Chennai recently on some business. Shall we to go Customer : OK. It‘s alright. Do you have different colours of this same
‗Tiffins‘ our favourite hotel. I‘m really hungry. We can chat and piece? I would like to have blue coloured piece.
have some fast foods there. Shopkeeper : Yes, Sir. We have. Here you go. Let me open the box and show
Murali : It‘s OK for me to accompany you and have some tiffin or you everything and explain all about it clearly.
refreshments but I have really stopped eating outside especially Customer : Yes. It‘s OK for me. Please pack this. Where can I pay for it?
fast food these days. I prefer homemade foods almost always. Shopkeeper : At the counter over there, Sir. Come with me.
Prakash : Why? What‘s the matter? You used to take them before? Were you Customer : Thank you for your assistance.
in any way affected after taking some fast food? Shopkeeper : You are most welcome, Sir. Visit again, Sir.
9. Write a dialogue between you and a stranger about asking for and giving I‘m taking it warm and proper diet which is rich in vitamins and
directions on how to reach railway station from the city market. minerals. I‘m also taking regular exercise at home.
Stranger : Excuse me, Sir! Surendra : That‘s good! In spite of all these precautions, you must be very
You : Yes, Sir. Tell me. How may I help you? cautious of your movements.
Stranger : I‘m a stranger here. I don‘t know much about the place. If you Mohan : OK, Sure. But, why so much fuss about this?
don‘t think I‘m bothering you, could you please direct me to the Surendra : You know, one of my uncles passed away three days ago. They
railway station? are saying that he could have avoided COVID if he had been a
You : Oh, sure, Sir. Keep walking until you get cross roads, a furlong little cautious about these regulations.
from here and take a left turn at the cross roads. Mohan : Oh, I see. I‘m sorry about that. OK then, Surendra, it‘s time for me
Stranger : OK, Sir. to say goodbye.
You : After taking left, go straight a few blocks and you will find State Surendra : OK, Mohan, it seems to me that you are in a hurry, but be careful
Bank of India on your right. until the pandemic is completely over. OK. Take care. Bye then.
Stranger : OK, Sir. Clear. Mohan : Sure Surendra, bye then.
You : There is a road just beside the bank and it leads to the railway
station. 11. Frame a dialogue between a Police inspector and a young bike rider.
Stranger : OK, Sir. Shall I take a taxi or is it a walking distance from here? Situation: The rider has no C- Book and other license papers and pays
You : No, you needn‘t take a taxi. It‘s definitely a walking distance from penalty.
here. It might hardly take 10 minutes. Inspector : Hey, you, stop there! Park your bike over there and get your
Stranger : 10 minutes? On foot! That means it‘s over a kilometre away! driving license, C book and other documents.
You : Sure, but it‘s walkable. And this is main part of the city. You can You : Excuse me, Sir! I have really got driving license, C book and
have some idea of the city if you go on foot. vehicle insurance certificate, pollution certificate but I couldn‘t
Stranger : Thank you very much for your patience and clear instructions. show you at this moment because I have forgotten to bring them.
You : It‘s my pleasure. Have a good day! Inspector : Don‘t you know that you must carry all of them whenever you go
Stranger : Bye! out on a bike. Moreover, you didn‘t wear a helmet.
You : Yes, Sir. I know. But I am in a hurry to pick up my dad who has
10. Construct a dialogue between two friends who discuss the impact of been waiting for me at the railway station.
COVID infection and measures to be taken to prevent it at least in eight Inspector : However busy you are, you must be able to produce these
turns. certificates whenever you are asked to show them.
Mohan : Hello, Surendra! How are you? You : Sorry, Sir. This is the first time it happened like this. I‘ll carry
Surendra : I‘m fine, Mohan. But you first wear your mask, please. Stand at an them without fail hereafter. Please do excuse me this one time, Sir.
arm‘s distance. Inspector : No, you must pay fine. Anyway, what‘s your name?
Mohan : Hey, come on, Surendra! You seem to be over cautious about You : Suresh, Sir.
COVID regulations. Inspector : No, Suresh. If you don‘t have the documents with you right now,
Surendra : Sorry Mohan, if I hurt your feelings but you don‘t seem to you‘ll be fined. Yours is an act of indiscipline. You must pay at
understand the severity of the situation. Once you are affected least the minimum penalty.
with COVID, there are little chances of surviving. You : OK, Sir. I‘ll pay the penalty.
Mohan : That‘s OK, Surendra. But … Inspector : Tell me your bike number and also your mobile number.
Surendra : No, ifs and buts Mohan. One has to follow COVID regulations You : It‘s AP 37 BJ – 5884. My mobile number is 9908591696.
strictly, if one wants to live. Wash your hands regularly. Sanitize Inspector : OK. Pay Rs.125/-. Here is the receipt. You can do one thing,
your hands from time to time whenever you are in public. Always Suresh. You must at least keep a set of Xerox copies in the dickey.
wear a mask. Maintain a distance of six feet from others and …. You : OK, Sir. I‘ll do that. Here is the money, Sir.
Mohan : Oh, Surendra! Will you stop that? I know all those precautions. Inspector : OK, you can go. Don‘t forget to wear your helmet too.
I‘m also following them. You know what? Whenever I drink water You : Sure, Sir. Thank you.
12. Write a dialogue between two friends one favouring polytechnic education positive and negative impact on society. It all depends on how well
and the other Intermediate Education. we make use of social media.
Rakesh : Hello, Praneeth! How are you? Santosh : Yes, you are right Ramana. But people, particularly the youth are
Praneeth : Hi, Rakesh! I‘m fine. What about you? making use of these social media for wrong ends. They play
Rakesh : I‘m also doing well. By the way, have you decided anything games, chat endlessly, browse through unwanted things and watch
regarding which course to join after 10th class? unnecessary videos. They engage themselves in these activities for
Praneeth : No, I haven‘t yet decided anything Rakesh. But my cousin who is hours on end wasting their time and future.
studying B. Tech final year has advised me to opt for polytechnic. Ramana : Right there, Santosh. You see… Facebook, Twitter, Instagram,
So, I would like to apply for Polycet – 2022. Telegram, WhatsApp, and a number of other social media
Rakesh : Oh, I see. But my elder brother wants me to join Intermediate with platforms can be actually better used for communication as well as
MPC group. He says that Intermediate Education will be better as for academic purposes.
it gives us a wide range of opportunities. But, which of these two Santosh : Yes, but can you explain it a little clearly, Ramana?
courses is better for us? Ramana : Oh, sure, Santhosh! The thing is… we are really fortunate enough
Praneeth : Well, it depends, Rakesh. But as my cousin explained to me about to have them. You can browse any useful information on the
polytechnic education, there are several advantages if we prefer internet, download it, make notes from them and enhance your
polytechnic. Anyway, what would you like to study after knowledge. You can share a link with your classmates so that they
Intermediate? can also benefit from it. Similarly, YouTube helps you a lot in
Rakesh : What else? Engineering. improving your knowledge. You can watch videos relevant to your
Praneeth : In that case, it is better for you to opt for polytechnic because you studies, to your subjects. You can use them in your presentations.
will have strong foundation by studying engineering subjects for Santosh : Yes, that‘s right.
three years at diploma level and it becomes easy for you once you Ramana : We used to write letters, seal them, post them and they reach their
go to [Link]. Moreover, you are given admission into second year destination after a week or so. But now, within no time, we can
of B. Tech if you are a diploma student. send messages through Telegram or Instagram and communicate
Rakesh : I see. So, we are going to study engineering subjects for six years with near and dear ones as and when we wish to. We can compose
altogether. and send letters through emails. How advantageous it is to have
Praneeth : Yes, moreover, you become eligible for various government as such wonderful things?
well as private jobs as a diploma holder. Santosh : And, finally, how are they going to be useful in academic
Rakesh : OK, Praneeth. Thank you for giving me this clear information. activities?
Now, I too apply for Polycet and take up diploma course. Ramana : Teachers can create Google Classrooms or WhatsApp groups for
Praneeth : It‘s alright, Rakesh. All the best. Take care. Bye. their students and they can post instructions, schedules, course
Rakesh : OK. I‘ll see you soon. Bye. material, assignments to their students from time to time. They can
share self-made YouTube videos on different topics to their
13. Construct a dialogue between two friends on the impact of social media. students to enhance their understanding of the topics. Students can
Santosh : Hi, Ramana. How are you? submit their assignments on line and so on.
Ramana : Santhosh, what a sudden surprise! How are you dear? Santosh : That‘s really very interesting, Ramana. You have enlightened me
Santosh : I‘m doing well Ramana. Well, it has been only a month that I am on this topic. Thanks for that. Have I given you any trouble?
away from you. Ramana : No, not at all. In fact, it‘s my pleasure to have such discussions.
Ramana : But, you know, it seems ages to me. Anyway, what brings you You are always welcome.
here, Santhosh? Santosh : OK, Ramana. Shall I leave?
Santosh : I need your help, Ramana. Know what, we are going to have a Ramana : Yeah. See you soon, dear. Bye.
debate in our college on the impact of social media particularly
on youth.
Ramana : That‘s very interesting, Santhosh. Social media can have both
 Q. No. 14. ESSAY WRITING The first thing to develop is the ability of listening skill. We can cultivate this
ability through a lot of listening practice. We have to listen more to others who speak
1. ENGLISH FOR EMPLOYABILITY in English. We have to listen to good speeches, watch news, debates and live
1. Write an essay on the topic of English for Employability. commentaries of sports and games in English on Television. Listen attentively to
Ans: It is well said that good English equals a good job. There is a co-relation how they are articulating different sounds while using words and making sentences.
between employability and mastery over the English language. If you are fluent This will enable us to get familiarity with the English sound system and an ability to
enough both in spoken and written English, you can have the best job opportunities. articulate English sounds as the native speakers do.
Today, in the world of trade and commerce, science and technological, along with The second important aspect of learning English is our ability to speak well.
academic qualifications and technical skills, we need to have good communication While attempting to speak, first of all, we must leave all our inhibitions. We must
skills in English to get job opportunities in renowned organizations. The ability to believe in ourselves and use English at every opportunity. We need to focus on
communicate both in spoken and in written form is considered very important by the fluency at the initial stages and go on to achieve accuracy gradually. Whenever we
prospective employers. In order to perform his duties smoothly, an employee has to get an opportunity to speak with our friends and teachers, we must speak in English
be a good presenter, good negotiator and a good organizer of meetings. For all these only. We need to participate in seminars, debates and elocution contests etc. We
activities, a good command over English will help an employee to conduct his duties must observe carefully while others speak and try to respond to them in simple
efficiently. words.
Proper English does not mean only the ability to make grammatically correct The third thing is to develop our reading abilities. We must read interesting
sentences. It means other related skills for effective communication. These skills short stories, novels, newspapers, journals, magazines and any other scientific
include presentation skills, convincing and negotiation skills and interpersonal skills. information. While reading we must pay attention to the sentence structure,
Industrial and corporate sectors prefer aspirants who can read and understand written underline difficult words and phrases, refer to dictionaries to know their meaning,
form of communication such as instructions, reports, letters, memos, notices and any and also try to understand the contextual meaning of words. We must learn the
other forms of official documents. At the same time, the aspirants must be able to meanings, pronunciation and usage of at least five to ten new words a day.
write such things as directions, circulars, memos, notices, letters, reports, minutes, The fourth one is to develop our ability to write. For this, we must write at least
manuals, graphs, flow charts, email writing, filling out forms etc. as part of their ten new sentences every day. We have to pick new words and try to know their
official correspondence. meaning and how to use them. We must write down our everyday feelings and
From the time of reading advertisements in the newspapers to the final stage of experiences in the form of a diary. We have to write short descriptions and narrations
appearing for an interview, a job-seeker has to pass through different stages with the of all that you see around you. Later, when you feel confident, you must learn how to
knowledge of English. The performance of a job-seeker at these different stages write a paragraph, an essay, messages, letters, email writing, filling out forms etc.
finalizes the suitability of the candidate. So, we need to learn English not only for
academic studies but also to get employment in the future. Now-a-days, learning 2. LIVING IN HARMONY
English is very important for students as well as all job-seekers. They have to meet 1. What is self-esteem? What are the different kinds of self-esteem? How
the challenges of using English on various academic occasions such as presenting does self-esteem help people live in harmony in the society?
seminars, making presentations, participating in group discussions and facing Ans: Self-esteem is also known as self-worth, self-regard, self-respect, and self-
interviews. Students and job aspirants can get plenty of employment opportunities if integrity. It reflects a person's overall subjective, emotional evaluation of his or her
they are proficient in English. As interviews and group discussions are conducted own worth. It is a judgment of oneself. It is an attitude toward one‘s own self. Self-
almost always in English, it is better for them to be fluent in English. Apart from esteem consists of notions about oneself, for example, one may feel that ‗I am
communication skills, interpersonal skills and presentation skill are all tested in the competent‘, ‗I am worthy‘, ‗I am incapable‘ etc. Self-esteem is the positive or
English language only. negative evaluations of the self.
2. Write an essay on how to improve English. People with good self-esteem firmly believe in certain values and principles.
Ans: English is very easy to learn. We must have a strong desire to learn the They are ready to defend themselves even when they are opposed. They bring about
language. We can improve it through self-motivation, with continuous exposure to changes in their lives from experience. They are able to act according to what they
English and with a good amount of daily practice. In order to learn English in a think is the best choice. They trust their own judgment. They do not feel guilty when
systematic way, we need to develop LSRW skills. It means Listening, Speaking, others do not like their choice. They don‘t waste time worrying excessively about
Reading and Writing in English. what happened in the past. They fully trust in their capacity to solve problems. They
do not hesitate about failures and difficulties. They ask others for help when they achieve. This challenges your negative beliefs and will therefore improve your self-
need it. They consider themselves equal in dignity to others, rather than inferior or esteem.
superior, while accepting differences in certain talents, personal prestige or financial Learn how to set yourself effective personal goals and find the motivation you
standing. They take care of being cheated by others. They are able to enjoy a great need to achieve them. This is the essence of personal development which helps you
variety of activities. They are sensitive to feelings and the needs of others. They to reach your full potential, at work, in study and in your personal life. You don‘t
respect generally accepted social rules, and claim no right or desire to prosper at have to be perfect every hour of every day. You don‘t even have to feel good about
others' expense. They can work toward finding solutions and give their voice when yourself all the time. Self-esteem varies from situation to situation, from day to day
challenges arise. and hour to hour. Don‘t be too hard and too critical on yourself. Avoid criticizing
People with low self-esteem are pessimistic and have a negative outlook about yourself in front of others. People may possibly have negative opinion of you. You
everything. They are envious and have resentment about everything. They show the can help to boost your self-esteem by giving yourself a treat whenever you succeed
signs of heavy self-criticism and dissatisfaction. They dwell much on past mistakes. in doing something hard or just for managing a particularly bad day.
They have hostile nature. They always tend to be self-defensive. They are very When we are fit and healthy, we feel good about ourselves. Try taking more
sensitive to criticism. They feel that they are being attacked. They are incapable of exercise, eating well, and getting enough sleep. It is also a good idea to make time to
taking decisions. They are very much afraid of committing mistakes. They see relax and to do something that you want to do, rather than something that someone
temporary problems as permanent conditions. Some depend on the approval and else expects you to do. You may find that simple changes like this can make a huge
praise of others while evaluating self-worth. difference to your overall outlook. It is unlikely that you will go from poor to good
If you feel that you have low self-esteem you can overcome it by surround self-esteem overnight. You make small improvements over a period of time.
yourself with the right people. You should know your strengths and weaknesses Eventually, this will become a habit and you will find that your self-esteem has
from time to time. You must become your own true and best friend. You must quietly got better.
acknowledge sincerely where you need change. You shouldn‘t compare yourself
with others. You must repeat positive affirmations. You must take care of yourself 3. CONNECT WITH CARE
both physically and mentally. Your feelings about yourself, your health, your 1. Write an essay on social media. What are the advantages and
behaviour with others and your relationship with society enable you to live in disadvantages of social media?
harmony with yourself and with others. Ans: Social media is a tool that is becoming quite popular these days because of its
user-friendly features. Social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram and Twitter
2. Write an essay on how to keep up one’s positive self-esteem. are giving people an opportunity to connect with one another across distances. There
Self-esteem is how you feel about yourself or the opinion you have about are numerous websites and apps that make this possible. In other words, thanks to
yourself. It is possible to improve your self-esteem at any age. People with good self- social media, the whole world is at our fingertips. The youth is especially one of the
esteem generally feel positive about themselves and about life. This makes them most dominant users of social media. Just as there are always two sides to a coin, the
cope with the ups and downs of life. To develop self-esteem, you must become more same goes with social media too. Subsequently, different people have different
assertive and learn to say yes when you are able to something and say no when you opinions on this debatable topic.
are not able to do something. Developing assertiveness can help you to improve your There is a lot of debate about the effects of social media on the society as a
self-esteem. The second important thing to develop self-esteem is to identify your whole. Some feel that it is a boon whereas others feel that it is a curse. Let us now
negative beliefs about yourself. Notice your thoughts about yourself. look at some advantages and disadvantages of social media. The first advantage is
When you start to feel low, look back at these things, and remind yourself that connectivity which is the main positive side of social media. People from different
there is plenty of good about you. It is also a good idea to write down positive things locations can connect with one another. The second benefit is the opportunity for
about yourself such as being good at a sport or nice things that people have said education. Social media offers a lot of possibilities to students and teachers. It is very
about you. Positive internal dialogue is a big part of improving your self-esteem. To easy to educate others on social media. You can follow anyone to learn from him/her.
keep up your self-esteem, always be with relatives, friends and people who make Regardless of your location and education background, you can get knowledge,
you feel better. Avoid people who make you feel bad about yourself and who try to without paying for it. The third benefit is Real Time Information Sharing. This can be
drag you down. One way to improve your self-esteem is to take on a challenge. Try a great time saver for everyone. You can share your issues with the community to get
something that is difficult to achieve. By succeeding, you show yourself that you can help and advice. The fourth advantage of social media is to improve business
reputation. For example, positive feedback and sharing about a company can help
them with sales and goodwill. Since people are free to share whatever, they want on 7. RAINBOW OF DIVERSITY
social media, it can impact positively when good words are shared. 1. Write an essay on the ‘Unity in diversity of India.’
Social media can also have a negative impact on health. Most of the users Ans: The term ‗Unity in diversity‘ refers to the state of togetherness in spite of
become lethargic because of the excessive use of social network which in turn diversity. In India, unity in diversity is based on the concept where the social
hampers our routine life. The second disadvantage is the waste of time. Social media differences in physical appearance, skin, complexion, castes, creed, cultural and
can take over your life. The third negative side is hacking. Personal data can easily be religious practices, etc are not looked upon as a conflict. Rather, these differences are
hacked and shared on the Internet. Accounts can be hacked and the hacker can post looked upon as varieties that enrich the society and the nation as a whole.
materials that affect the individuals‘ personal lives. It is one of the dangerous All religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Islam and
disadvantages of social media. Another disadvantage is the virtual world which Christianity can be found in India. The whole country celebrates holidays on
devours the mind of users and actually most of the dependent users of communication festivals like Diwali, Ramadan, Christmas and other major festivals. Hindus,
technology die. Many psychiatrists believe that social media is the single most factor Muslims and Christians exchange gifts and sweets during these festivals. All the
causing depression and anxiety in people. It is also one of the causes of poor metal religions preach almost the same things to their believers. So, a peaceful relationship
growth in children. Over use of social media can also lead to poor sleeping patterns. is maintained among diverse religions in the Indian society. All the religious beliefs
There are many other negative effects like cyber bullying, body image changing preach the unity of India.
issues etc. There is an increased ‗Fear of Missing Out‘ at an all-time high in youth There is a breath-taking geographical diversity in India. There are plains,
because of social media. Thus, if used in the correct way, social media can be a boon plateaus, deserts, mountains, forests, marshlands, rivers and so on. In Masynram, it
for mankind. almost rains daily where in Rajasthan there is hardly any rainfall. While we
5. NEVER EVER GIVE UP! experience bone-chilling coldness in Kashmir, we suffer scorching heat in southern
1. Write an essay on the importance of goal setting in one’s life. India. There is a lot of diversity in terms of rivers and natural wildlife. But this
Ans: Goal setting is a wishful thinking about our own ideal future. It is about diversity has nowhere impacted our unity. The language of one area is different from
planning perfectly what we want to achieve over a period of time, say for example in that of another. The garments worn by people also differ from area to area. The
about five, six or seven years from now. Goal setting translates the dream in our physical appearance is also not similar throughout the country. Despite all these
mind to reality. It transforms our lives and makes us achievers. To be successful and diversities, the beauty lies in the fact that we feel a sense of unity and oneness among
happy in life, we should have clear goals. We should work hard to achieve them. us. There may be differences of opinion but all of them are focused on the
Without goals, our lives become aimless, miserable and meaningless. development of our country. Thus, we can conclude that Unity in diversity is our
The process of setting a goal involves creating a big picture of what we want to biggest strength.
do in our life say for example, in the next five, six or seven years etc. So, we must Unity shows the spirit of oneness. It is a state of being one undivided family.
break down our goal into smaller targets (short-term goals) so that we can reach our Unity shows the relationship between different people by making them a single unit
lifetime goals (long-term goals). Finally, once we have worked out on our plan like a family. Diversity is a quality of being different. It shows the differences
thoroughly, we can start working on our goals. Another important aspect about between people who belong to diverse classes. These classes can be based on their
setting goals is that our goals should be SMART where in S stands for specific that is religion, language, caste etc. In a place, there can be people with different views,
our a goal must relate to a clear objective, M stand for measurable: it must be opinions and ideas. These different views and opinions of persons show diversity
quantifiable, A stands for attainable: it must be something that can be achieved, R between them. But when these people with different opinions and perspectives form
for relevant: it must be of use to the person who sets it and to others and finally T a family, this family is called unity.
denotes Time-bound: out goal must be achieved within a realistic but definite time
period. 10. THE EQUAL HALVES
Goal setting is very important in our lives because it helps us improve our 1. Write an essay on the necessity of Gender Equality.
professional competencies, skills and other abilities that are needed to achieve a goal. Ans: Every human being has the right to lead his or her life with permitted liberty
It helps us to utilize the time to its maximum level. It helps us to be always on and without any discrimination. All individuals are considered to be equal
optimistic side of life. It changes our attitude, mindset and perspective. It turns us irrespective of their caste, gender, religion, region, colour, profession and financial
into hardworking and disciplined people. It transforms us from performers into position. There is certain amount of gender bias in the male dominating society,
achievers. where girl children and women are ill-treated, abused and exploited. Gender equality
can be achieved only with mutual respect and when both male and female
individuals are treated equally. But still some people look down upon women. They regulations strictly. It should take serious action against people who damage the
think that women are weak and can‘t take higher responsibilities. They are under environment. It should allocate sufficient funds to protect the environment in every
false opinion that women are meant to manage home and stay indoors. Other social aspect. Apart from enforcement and vigilance departments, the government should
evils we witness are child labour, child marriage, dowry and atrocities on women. also establish different departments which safeguard the environment. People too
Some men view women as sex objects and abuse and attack them physically. In should cooperate with the policies of the government and implement them in true
developing countries many women are deprived of freedom, financial independence spirit.
and still face domestic violence. To protect environment, conservation of the reserve forests across the world
The civilized society must try to eradicate such social evils of gender bias. and afforestation must be done on war foot so as to increase the required forest cover
Parents should create an atmosphere that both boys and girls are equal with equal in every country. Better forest management methods should be adopted in order to
potentialities. Students should be asked to think what might be challenging about put a check on forest fires. The number of power plants, fume-based gasses, and
being a person of other gender. So that it develops empathy and respect on the other vehicles should decrease, especially in the metro cities. This will reduce air
gender. There should be no ragging or eve teasing in institutions and public places. pollution. Discarding plastic and other non-biodegradable packing material, harmful
Women must be vigilant and be strong physically and mentally to protect chemicals, effluents and smoke from factories and industries, shifting from fossil
themselves. Education, financial independence and equal treatment will lead to fuels to non-conventional energy sources, minimum usage of refrigerators and air
women empowerment. Government should also implement stringent laws to protect conditioners and certain other environmentally friendly activities should be
women‘s rights and provide equal opportunities. promoted to save environment. The protection of the environment should be the
Women also should not misuse the laws and file fake cases against men. They primary concern for both the governments and people.
should take initiative, believe in themselves and participate in all fields along with
men. We have examples of great women like Rani Rudrama, Jhansi Lakshmi Bhai,
Sarojini Naidu, Indira Gandhi, Savitri Bhai Phule, Malala Yusuf joy. They all
achieved greatness with their strong will, courage and commitment to their ideals.
Society will progress when men and women hold the equal positions, participate
equally and contribute for the development. Hence, it is everyone‘s responsibility to
treat men and women equally without any disparity.

11. DEALING WITH DISASTER

1. Attempt an essay on the measures to be taken to control the environmental
pollution.
Ans: Environment means the natural surroundings that we live in. It is the basis for
our survival and the earth‘s existence. It plays a significant role in the preservation
and survival of every life form on the earth. It is from the environment that we get
the benefits of various natural resources such as land, water and air. Owing to
various natural and man-made activities, the environment has been subjected to
irreparable damage. The damage has reached to so tremendous a point that it is
humanly not possible to bring it to a normal state.
Protecting the environment means to save it from the damage caused by
humans and other factors. We can understand the significance of protecting
environment only when we know how environmental pollution leads to other crises
such as global warming, greenhouse effect, acid rains, black snow, forest fires,
floods, droughts, soil erosion, oil spills etc.
Environmental protection is a collective responsibility of the governments as
well as the individuals. The governments should create awareness in the citizens
about the issues related to environmental pollution. It should enforce rules and
 Q. No. 15. LETTER WRITING Door No.77/31-B,
7th Cross Road,
We write letters when we need to communicate with people who are away from Saraswathi Nagar,
us. We need written communication as a documentary proof for making a request, Nellore - 1.
granting permission, confirming matters said over telephone, ordering supply of
goods etc. Since letters are substitutes for oral communication, the purpose of Note: In (formal letters) official letters, the address of the officer is written on the left-
writing letters is also more or less the same as that of speaking. We write letters for hand side beside the margin line and below the line of the date. This address is
complaining, directing, making an enquiry for information, requesting, inviting and sometimes referred to as inside address. The inside address is invariably written in
for many more such functions. the way you find in the specimen. Don‘t put a comma after To. But the modern
practice avoids using the word ‗To‘
Every letter has a writer, a reader and a situation. Depending on these three To The Manager
factors, letters can broadly be classified into two kinds: formal and informal. The Manager, Longman Publications Ltd.,
Formal letters include: Longman Publications Ltd., Somajiguda,
- business or commercial correspondence Somajiguda, Hyderabad.
- official correspondence (between officers or between an individual and an Hyderabad.
office/officer)
(b) Date: The date should be written just below the address. The general order of writing
Informal letters include all correspondence between friends, members of a date is: date - month - year. The following are some of the ways of writing the
family, relatives etc. While the language of formal letters tends to be formal and date.
polite, the language of informal letters tends to be more informal and intimate. 22/ 4/ 2010. 22 / 4 / ‘10. 22 - 4 - 2010.
Letters of this type deal with personal matters written in conversational style. 22 .4. 2010. April 22, 2010. 22nd April, 2010.
We can divide the letter into five parts in order to study its format. The last two are the most frequently used forms of writing date. Always put a
The heading comma after the month and a full stop after the year. The suffixes -st, -nd, -rd and
The salutation -th are placed just beside the number they qualify.
The body th
Wrong: 1st 2nd 3rd 4
The subscription
The signature Right: 1st 2nd 3rd 4th

Other parts of a letter which need to be mentioned are given below: January, February, August, September, October, November, and December - the
Subject (Official letters) names of these months can be abbreviated as: Jan., Feb., Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov.,
Reference (Official letters) Dec., An extra full stop is placed before the comma. March, April, May, June, and
Address on the envelope/ inside address July are not generally abbreviated. They are written in full.
Post Script (P.S.) 2. The Salutation: Any letter whether formal or informal is generally begun with a
Enclosures (Official letters) salutation. Salutation is also known as ‗greeting‘. It is written on the left hand side of
Copy to (Official letters) the page. In case of official letters, the salutation is written just below the inside
1. The Heading: This is the first part of a letter. It consists of (a) the writer‘s address (receiver‘s address.) without any space between the margin and the
address and (b) the date on which the letter is written. In the conventional salutation. But, in case of personal letters, as we don‘t have any inside address
British style, these are written at the top right-hand corner of the page. Usually, (receiver‘s address), we begin the salutation just below the date line and with some
a comma is placed at the end of each line of the address and a full stop at the space between the margin line and the salutation. The salutation is always followed
end of the last line of the address. by a comma. Only the first letter is capitalized. If the second word happens to be a
proper noun, we can begin it with a capital.
(a) Writer’s address: It must contain the full postal address of the writer or the
sender of the letter. It consists of door number, cross road, name of the street or
locality and name of the city or town. It would be better to write pin code also.
 Salutations differ from formal to informal. They depend on the writer‘s relation It has been very long since you wrote to me....
to the other person to whom he/she is writing the letter. The usual forms of salutation Let me congratulate you on.......
for personal letters are: It gives me great pleasure to write to you .....
Dear dad, My dear father, Dear mother, I have just received your letter........
Dear sister, Dear brother, Dear friend, I hope you are keeping well.....
Dear uncle, Dear aunt, Dear Lalitha, I am keeping fine ........
I hope you are well / fine .....
The usual forms of salutation for official and business letters are:
How nice of you ...
Sir, Madam, Mr. Ananth,
Sorry for the delay....
Miss Padmaja, Mrs. Rajyalakshmi, Messrs. Raman & Company, *
I am sorry to say that......
Dr. Satyanarayana, Prof. Sriraman, Rev. Augustine,
I am delighted to hear......
Sr. Nivedita,
I am hale and hearty.......
Notes: I am fine and in good spirits.....
* Messrs is used as the plural of Mr. before a list of names and before names of I am fine and hope the with you ....
business companies.
* The plural for Madam is Mesdames. Formal or Official letters:
I feel honoured to write to you…
3. The body or the message: I have the honour of inviting your attention to…
The body of the letter is to be started in the next or a new line after the Many thanks for…
salutation. The style of personal letter differs from that of an official or a business In response to your advertisement dated…
letter. This is the most important part of a letter as it actually contains the message With reference to your advertisement…
to be conveyed. It is the body of the letter that matters the most. If the language is This is to inform you that…
poor, the letter would not create the desired effect on the reader. I wish to bring to your kind notice…
Have a clear idea of what you are going to write. You have to plan what you I wish to apply for the post of…
are going to say and how you are going to say it. Each sentence should be written Through the esteemed columns of your newspaper…
clearly and arranged logically. You must make your communication clear because With reference to your letter…
you won‘t be there to explain what you mean when your letter is read. So, your I, K. Naresh, resident of Srinivasa Colony, regret to bring to your notice…
language should be simple, clear and lucid. A familiar word is always better than a I, G. Samson, am a graduate in science with a diploma in…
far- fetched word. Avoid elaborate descriptions and lengthy passages while writing
a letter. The concluding sentence may be in the form of conveying love and respect to the
The spacing between two words and lines should be proper and uniform. Keep family members in personal letters or conveying regards in an official letter.
the margins as even as possible. If it is a long letter, divide the message into Conclude the letter with a concluding note like: with regards, with best wishes, with
paragraphs. Never write the last line of your letter on a fresh page. Write page warm regards, hoping to hear from you soon, looking forward to receive a
numbers if your letter is more than two pages. As far as possible, do not write post favourable reply from you etc.
script. It is a sign of carelessness or forgetfulness or both. Some other expressions are:
Generally, we don‘t convey the message all of a sudden. The opening sentence Please give / convey my regards/ love/ best wishes to...
of a letter should either be in response to an earlier communication or have a I hope to hear from you soon...
reference to the subject of the present letter. Sometimes it may be general in nature. I will write again soon...
Here are some opening sentences: Please find enclosed...
I enclose...
Informal letters: We will appreciate an early reply...
Thank you very much for your letter.... I look forward to hearing from you...
I am pleased to read your letter.... Give my regards to your parents...
 We are missing you here... 2. Friends My dear Mr. Jones, Yours very truly,
Waiting anxiously for your reply... If not very close Very sincerely yours,
We are looking forward to your visit... Yours sincerely,
With kind regards... Somewhat close My dear Jones, Yours very truly,
I look forward to a positive response...
Thank you for... Yours very truly,
Very sincerely yours,
My dear Jones,
4. The Subscription: The subscription is also known as ‗complimentary close‘ or a Yours truly / sincerely
‗leave-taking‘ form. After you finish writing the message and concluding note write If intimate Dear friend,
Sincerely yours,
an appropriate subscription just below the message on the right side of the page. It Dear Jones,
Truly yours,
must be very courteous. The construction of a subscription can be framed in the
Cordially yours,
following two ways:
i. Yours + adverb (e.g. Yours affectionately,) 3. All officials:
ii. Your + adjective + noun (e.g. Your affectionate son,) Principal
Different forms of leave-taking are used in letters, according to the relation with the Superintendent of Police Sir, / Madam, Yours faithfully
person addressed. Some of the complementary closes used in personal letters are District Collector
given below: Assistant Editor
Yours affectionately, Yours lovingly, Yours sincerely, Yours sincerely,
Your loving son, Editor Sir, / Madam,
Yours faithfully,
Yours truly, Yours ever, With affection,
Your affectionate father, 4. Business Letters
Manager
Leave taking forms used in business letters can be:
Yours sincerely, Yours faithfully, Proprietor
Dear Sir, Yours faithfully
Director
Leave taking form for an official letter is always:
Yours faithfully, Managing Director
Some notes on Complimentary Close: Personnel Manager
a) You should not use apostrophe ( ‘ ) in Your‘s (wrong) / Yours (right)
The complimentary close is always followed by a comma. 5. The Signature: The signature must be below the leave-taking phrase and more to
Only the first letter is capitalized. the right. It must be very clear. Otherwise, the addressee of the letter may fail to
b) There are two ways of writing a complimentary close: understand the source of the letter. The signature must be neat and legible. In letters
i) Yours + adverb, (Yours affectionately, Yours sincerely, Yours faithfully,) to strangers, the name should clearly be written, so that the receiver may know
ii) Your + adjective + noun, (Your affectionate uncle, Your sincere friend etc.) whom to reply. Sign your full name after the subscription. Do not write Mr. or Mrs.
or Miss. before your signature. In official letters type your name below your
There should be some agreement between the salutation and complimentary close. signature.
Study the following: 6. Address on the Envelope: This should be written carefully to ensure safe delivery
Personal letters Salutation Complimentary close of the letter. The name of the person to whom the letter is to be sent must be written
1. Members of the family / My dear father, first. Mr. may be used before the name of a gentleman. The number of the house or
Relatives: Father, mother, My dear uncle, Yours affectionately, building, with the name of the street and town must be written clearly on the
uncle, aunt, elder brother, My dear brother Your affectionate son, envelope. The pin code may also be given on the cover to ensure quick and safe
elder sister, younger sister, Affectionately yours, delivery of the letter.
Dear Sruthi,
younger brother, etc. Dear mother,
 A. INFORMAL / PERSONAL LETTERS 2. Write a letter to your younger brother motivating him to deal with failures and
hurdles in life.
1. Write a letter to your parents about your preparation for year-end examinations.
Room No. 110,
Room No.106, B – Block,
B – Block, Boys‘ Hostel,
Women‘s Hostel,
Government Polytechnic,
Govt. Polytechnic for Women,
Nellore – 1.
Nellore – 1.
9th August, 2023. 9th August, 2023.
Dear mother,
I am fine here and I hope that all are fine at home. Why didn‘t you visit Dear David,
me last week? I was really expecting you and dad. I turned away I am fine here and I hope that you are doing well. Father dropped me a
disappointingly to my room with tears welled up in my eyes. I am OK now and lengthy letter last week. It was mainly about your progress in studies. I came to
if you want to visit me, you can do that only on the next Second Saturday and
know that you failed one or two subjects in Senior Intermediate in spite of your
after that parents are not going to be allowed to visit their wards until the final
exams are completed. best efforts.
As I informed you earlier, we are going to have our final exams from the I can understand your feelings. You may be already in a sad and
second week of September, 2021. All our class work has come to an end. All depressive mood but you must know that such things will happen. You might
the lecturers have finished their syllabus. Internal exams and other practical have heard the proverb that failures are the stepping stones to success. Consider
exams have been over. We are preparing for the final exams these days. At all the great men of the world. They were all once failures and faced many a
hostel, we are asked to get up at 5 a.m. daily. Our hostel wardens conduct study hurdle in their lives. Don‘t waste your time thinking about the past. Reschedule
hours in the morning from 5:30 to 8:30 a.m. Our lecturers will be available to
your timetable properly and prepare well for the advanced supplementary or
us from morning 10:00 to evening 4:30. We can clear our doubts with them
during this time. All of them are working with commitment and dedication to betterment examinations. You have to put in extra efforts to make up the loss.
produce good results. So, in the presence of our lecturers, we have been I wish you all the best and I hope you will come off with flying colours.
preparing well for the final exams for the last two weeks. Assignments are
given and slip tests are being conducted daily to assess our progress. We are
Yours affectionately,
given guidelines and counselling from time to time. I hope I can get good
marks in the ensuing exams.
(K. EDWARD)
We are provided meals and snacks from time to time. We are served
Address on the envelope:
milk two times a day. Fruits and biscuits are always available in our canteen. A
To
doctor visits us twice a week. Medicines are at hand with the wardens. I am
K. David,
hale and healthy. Don‘t worry about me. Awaiting your visit next Saturday!
S/O K. John
Door No. 11 – 7 – 7 01,
Yours affectionately,
Christian Colony
Chittoor – 4.
(K. DIVYA)
Address on the envelope
To
Smt. K. Janaki,
W/o. K. Srinivasa Rao,
Door No. 17 – 2 – 3 01,
Usman sahib Pet,
Kurnool – 4.
3. Write a letter to a friend on your College Day Celebrations using the following 4. Write a letter to your mother describing how you feel at your new college in a
hints. (Hints: day and date – committees – principal college report – chief guest faraway town.
– cultural programme etc.) B – Block, Room No.106,
Door No. 26 - 1-178, Girls‘ Hostel,
6th Cross Road, Govt. Polytechnic for Women,
Ramalinga Puram, Nellore – 2.
Nellore – 4. 9th August, 2023.

9th August, 2023. Dear mother,

Dear Monahar, I am fine here. Hope the same with everyone there. I‘m trying to get used
I am fine here and I hope the same with you. Thank you for your recent
letter. I‘m sorry to say that I couldn‘t give you a reply as I was a bit busy with to my new environment slowly. Our hostel is a nice place located in a
my pre-final exams. How is your father‘s health? Is he OK now? pollution-free and peaceful area. The rooms are spacious and we have proper
One of the reasons for the delay in writing to you is my College Day ventilation. The surroundings are hygienic. Above all, the company of my
Celebrations. After the pre-finals, we were very busy with College Day hostel roommates is not making me feel lonely. The meals we are served at
Celebrations. It was celebrated on 27thJuly. Our principal formed several hostel are quite homely, tasty and nutritious.
committees and distributed the work. There was a lecturer and five students in Teaching is very impressive and inspiring. Every lecturer is doing his or
each committee. I was in the stage decoration committee. Invitations were
her best. They are quite friendly and taking good care of our academic
distributed two days before the College Day. We invited local Revenue
Divisional Officer to be the chief guest for the College Day. activities. The principal is very concerned about the well being of residential
On 27th July, our principal hoisted the national flag in the morning. It was students. Wardens and tutors are always willing to help us in any respect. In
followed by distribution of sweets. The main function was organised in the spite of all this, I find it, now and then, difficult to overcome the feeling of
evening. At first, our principal read out a brief report on our college activities. missing you all. Then I remember your golden advice ‗see all your dear ones in
Then the chief guest gave a message to the students through his highly your books‘. This one single advice has been very helpful to me in overcoming
motivating speech. It was followed by distribution of prizes and merit my homesickness and concentrate on my studies.
certificates to the winners in various competitions by the Revenue Divisional
Convey my regards to father and good wishes to sister. Looking forward
Officer of our town. The cultural programmes which followed the prize
distribution were enjoyable and we did not regret waiting for cultural activities. to seeing you soon.
It was a memorable day for me.
Why don‘t you write to me about your College Day Celebrations? Convey Your loving daughter,
my regards to your parents.
(N. SUPRIYA)
Yours sincerely, Address on the envelope:
To
(K. RAMESH) Smt. N. Parvathi,
Address on the envelope: W/o. N. Murali Krishna,
To Door No. 26 – 7 – 1 01,
P. Manohar, Saraswathi Nagar,
S/O P. Janardhan, Prakasam Dist.
Door No. 11 – 26 – 7101,
Mettugadda,
Mahbubnagar – 2.
5. Write a letter to your uncle thanking him for the beautiful gift he sent you 6. Write a letter to your friend inviting her to spend a part of summer vacation in
recently. your village.
Door No. 26 - 1-178, Door No. 4/278,
6th Cross Road, Temple Street,
Ramalinga Puram, Sitaram Puram,
Nellore – 4. Nellore Dist.

9th August, 2023. 26th March, 2023.

Dear Kalyani,
My dear uncle, How are you? It has been a long time since we communicated with each
I am fine here and hope all are doing well there. I really missed your other. I think it‘s mainly because of our preoccupation with our studies and
presence and blessings on my birthday. I was really expecting every one of you. preparation for the examinations. Thankfully, the exams were over now and we
Later I came to know through aunt that you had been very busy with your can enjoy the summer vacation.
office work that week. By the way, I‘m very much pleased to invite you to my village. I often
But I thank you profusely for the beautiful marble statue of Lord hear you expressing your wish to stay in a village for a few days. As you were
Buddha you sent me on my birthday. When I found that you were not coming born and brought up in the city, you may be wondering to find the simple ways
for my birthday, I was really disappointed. But when I saw the smiling of living of these villagers. I‘ll be very happy to show you the beautiful places
Buddha‘s statue, I was all smiles too. You were so careful and thoughtful in in and around my village. You will be pleased with the charms of my village
selecting an appropriate gift! Daddy told me that you, through this gift, wanted with all its green fields on one side and lovely hills on the other side. The
me to understand various ways of overcoming sorrow and leading life in a canals, tanks, temples, cattle, bullock-carts all are a great sight and they will go
peaceful and purposeful way. I‘ll definitely try to follow your wise advice in all deep down into your memories. The warmth and affection and the innocence of
my efforts. Once again thanks from the bottom of my heart for the wonderful the villagers will touch upon your heart. Moreover, we are going to have Jatara
gift. very soon.
Convey my regards to aunt and my good wishes to Sriram and Pavani. I hope you‘ll not turn down my invitation. I‘ll speak to aunt and uncle
and convince them to send you here for a few days. Convey my regards to them
Your loving niece, and good wishes to your sister. Till then, take care and bye.

(N. KAVYA) Yours sincerely,

Address on the envelope:
To (M. SANDHYA)
Sri. R. Prakash Rao, Address on the envelope:
Door No. 2 – 7 – 10, To
Gorantla, S. Kalyani,
Guntur – 515231. D/O S. Kamalakar,
Door No. 26 – 7 – 107,
Mydukur,
YSR Kadapa Dist.
7. Write a letter to your father for permission to join NCC in your college. 8. Write a letter to your friend congratulating him on getting elected as Students‘
B – Block, Room No.106, Secretary. (Hints: You can ask him his duties and also offer suggestions to
Boys‘ Hostel, represent students‘ issues)
Government Polytechnic, B – Block,
Nellore – 5. Room No.106,
Boys‘ Hostel,
9th August, 2023. Government Polytechnic,
Dear father, Nellore – 5.
Please excuse me for my delayed reply. Hope you have completely
recovered from your cold and cough by now. 9th August, 2021.
I‘ve settled down in the hostel well. I‘m slowly getting used to having a
cold-water bath and the routine menu in the mess. Last week one of our Dear Seetharam,
lecturers asked us to give our names if we were to join NCC. He explained to My hearty congratulations on your getting selected as Students‘
us the benefits of NCC training like developing discipline and team spirit, a Secretary! It‘s going to be a wonderful and memorable event in your life. It is
healthy body and an alert mind. It would also help because there is reservation an opportunity for you to excel yourself as a good leader and keep on
of seats in college education and may provide an opportunity to choose army as improving your leadership qualities.
a career. The NCC class is of two hours and it is held only for three days in a As a students‘ representative, first of all, you have to be very polite with
week. So it would not hamper my studies. As I am impressed by the benefits, I the teaching as well as the administrative staff. While discharging your duties
want to join and achieve ‗C‘ certificate in NCC. I request you to permit me join as a students‘ secretary, you must always keep in mind various problems faced
NCC. I have asked my lecturer to let me give him my answer by 25th August. by the students such as the problems of scholarship, problems at hostel and
So, could please let me know your opinion as soon as you receive this litter? mess, problems that may arise between students and lecturers. At the same
Please give my regards to mother and love to Arjun. time, you should consider whether the students are crossing their limits,
engaging themselves in ragging, their treatment of juniors, whether the students
Yours affectionately, are keeping the college premises clean and green and whether they are
involving in any kind of quarrels. You must solve problems in a peaceful way.
(K. ASHOK) Don‘t make false promises. Be honest. Decorum and dignity are the two key
Address on the envelope: aspects that any leader must possess at all times.
To One more thing is that you must strike a balance between your academic
Sri. K. Giridhar, career and your career as a leader. You have to look after your studies also.
Door No. 2 – 7 – 10, Though you are an intelligent student, a hard worker, you should never neglect
Gandhi Nagar, your studies at any cost.
Anantapur –3. I wish you all the best. Long live your leadership!

Yours sincerely,

(K. DEEPAK)
Address on the envelope:
To
K. Seetharam,
C– Block, Room No.201,
Boys‘ Hostel,
S.V. Government Polytechnic,
Tirupathi – 2.
 B. OFFICIAL LETTERS 2. Write a letter to your local Depot Manager of APSRTC requesting him to
1. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper about the inconvenience caused by schedule buses according to the college timings so that students can reach the
loud speakers in your area. college in time without any hardships. (C-20)
Door No. 26-14-1020, Door No. 26-14-1020,
6th Cross Road, 6th Cross Road,
Ramalinga Puram, Ram Nagar,
Nellore – 4. Bitragunta.
9th August, 2021.
To 9th August, 2021.
The Editor,
The Deccan Chronicle, To
Subedar pet, The Depot Manager,
Nellore – 1. APSRTC Main Depot,
Kavali.
Sir,
Sub: Complaint against the disturbance and nuisance caused by loud Sir,
speakers in our locality – regarding. Sub: Requisition to schedule some buses on Kavali to Ongole route –
*** according to the college timings – regarding.
I am K. Mohan Rao and I am a resident of Ramalinga Puram. I have been
a regular reader of your august newspaper for a few years. I would like to bring ***
to your kind notice that the people living in Ramalinga Puram are very much I am S. Rakesh and I am studying Diploma in Government Polytechnic,
affected by the disturbance and nuisance caused by the loud speakers in and Rudra Kota, Kavali. I would like to bring to your sympathetic consideration
around our residential area. All the places of worship like temples, churches that the students studying in this institution are facing problems about the non-
and mosques have set loud speakers. Bhajans, devotional songs, prayers, the
availability of the buses on this route. We don‘t have any ordinary buses that
preachings of pastors, Azaan of Allah are being played and all other
announcements are being made day in day out on these loud speakers with run on this route between 9:15 and 9:45. As a result, we are not able to reach
blaring sounds. our college in time. We are missing valuable classes in the morning session. If
This is really causing a great deal of disturbance and nuisance. Owing to we miss the classes continually, it will result in a great loss to our academic
this disturbance, the students are unable to concentrate on their studies. The career.
sick find it uncomfortable to have sound sleep. Some heart patients may Nearly sixty of us who are studying in this institution reach Kavali from
become victims to this loud noise. The vibrating noise of these loud speakers is nearby villages around 9:10. By that time, all the buses that run between Kavali
causing a great deal of disturbance and nuisance to the public in general and to
and Ongole or Kavali and Kandukur will have left the bus stand. So, we request
the students and the old in particular.
These religious places of worship are not at all caring for the peoples‘ you kindly to arrange one or two buses which start at the bus stand at about
advice and protest. Although it is a sensitive issue, we still request you to spare 9:30. It would be convenient for us to reach the college in time. We would be
some space in the columns of your esteemed newspaper to publish this social even more grateful to you if you could arrange a special bus for college
problem. We hope that once the attention of the authorities concerned is drawn students at that time.
towards it, they will take necessary action to control this problem at the earliest Thank you very much, Sir.
possible. Yours faithfully,
Thanking you, Sir.
Yours sincerely,
(S. RAKESH)
(K. MOHAN RAO)
3. Write a letter to the Editor of an English newspaper using the hints given 4. Write a letter to the principal of your institution requesting him/her to provide a
below. (Hints: Our village/our locality – no drinking water – hand pumps not cycle stand in the campus.
working – lot of problems – walk a long distance – fetch water – repair of hand Door No. 26-14-1020,
pumps – immediately – solve the problem.) 6th Cross Road,
Door No. 26-14-1020, Saraswathi Nagar,
6th Cross Road, Kavali.
Ramalinga Puram,
Nellore – 4. 9th August, 2021.
9th August, 2021. To
To The Principal,
The Editor, Government Polytechnic,
The Deccan Chronicle, Rudra Kota,
Subedar pet, Kavali.
Nellore – 1.
Sir,
Sir, Sub: Requisition for the provision of a cycle stand in the campus –
I am N. Surekha and I am a resident of Ramalinga Puram. I would like to regarding.
bring to your kind notice that the residents of our locality have been facing a lot ***
of problems for the last six months in getting drinking water. Most of the hand I am N. Supriya and I am studying first year Diploma in Civil
pumps in our locality are not working properly. People are standing in long Engineering. I would like to bring to your kind notice that there are nearly fifty
queues near the available taps and hand pumps waiting for their turn. They are students who come to college by bicycle from the nearby villages. Some of the
able to get hardly two pitchers of water a day. Some of the women are walking students are parking their cycles helter-skelter and, in the places, wherever they
far off places and fetching water from the wells there. like. Parking the cycles in a disorder gives the college an indiscipline look.
In spite of repeated requests, the municipal authorities concerned to this Moreover, some of our cycles are getting punctured or deflated owing to the
issue have not paid any attention so far. So, we request you kindly to publish an hot sun. As the winter is about to set in, our cycles may get drenched in the
article in the columns of your esteemed newspaper covering our plight and rains. In view of these circumstances, I request you kindly to provide a cycle
calling for the immediate attention of the authorities to solve our problems and stand in the campus.
to repair all the damaged hand pumps as soon as possible. Thank you very much, Sir.
Thank you very much, Sir.
Yours faithfully,
Yours sincerely, (N. SUPRIYA)
(N. SUREKHA)
5. Write a letter to the principal of your college requesting him/her to issue your 6. Write a letter to the General Manager of a company requesting to give
transfer, bonafide and conduct certificates. (C-16) permission to visit their work place as part of the industrial visit of your class.
Door No. 26-14-1020, Government Polytechnic,
6th Cross Road, Venkateswarapuram,
Saraswathi Nagar, Nellore - 5.
Nellore.
9th August, 2024.
26th March, 2024. To
To The General Manager,
The Principal, Cosmo Power Tech Pvt., Ltd.,
Government Polytechnic, Dagadarthi,
Venkateswarapuram, Nellore.
Nellore - 5.
Sir,
Sir, Sub: Request to visit your company – part of industrial visit – seeking
Sub: Requisition to issue transfer certificate, bonafide and conduct permission – regarding.
certificates – for ECET counselling – regarding.
***
***
I, N. Shobha, studied Diploma in Civil Engineering in your college during We are second year students of Diploma in Electrical & Electronics
the academic years 2021 – 2023. My PIN was 20016 – C – 41. I am very happy Engineering. We are studying in Government Polytechnic, Kavali. It is
to inform you that I have secured a good rank in the ECET examination. This, I mandatory for us to visit any nearby industries as part of our academic
curriculum and to have practical knowledge of the lessons we have learnt. Our
feel, is largely due to the excellent coaching provided by the lecturers of this
Head of Electrical& Electronics Department assigned us to visit your company
college. You have also contributed to my success through your motivating to see how generators are build, wiring is done, and how they function.
speeches during the assembly. I would like to take this opportunity to thank all Our class consists of forty-five students and we visit your company along
of you from the bottom of my heart. with a lecturer and a lab instructor. We promise you that we conduct ourselves
We are going to have ECET counselling from next week. As you are decently with perfect discipline and don‘t inflict any kind of damage to the
aware that we need to submit transfer, bonafide and conduct certificates at the things there.
time of counselling to get admission in the engineering colleges, I request you So, we request you kindly to give us permission to visit your company on
28-8-2021. We also request you to provide us with someone who can explain to
kindly to instruct the clerks at your office to issue me the certificates. I have
us how the generators are built and how they work.
already submitted the ‗No-dues certificate‘. Thank you very much, Sir.
Thank you very much, Sir.
Yours faithfully,
Yours faithfully,
(J. SURYA)
(N. SHOBHA)
7. Write a letter to the personnel manager requesting him to give you permission 8. Write a letter to the Sub-Inspector of Police on the increasing thefts in and
to attend a five-day training programme on Auto Cad to be held at Akhila around of your locality.
Construction Pvt., Ltd., Door No. 26-14-1020,
Door No. 27-2-1876, 6th Cross Road,
6th Cross Road, Vedayapalem,
Daba Gardens, Nellore – 5.
Hyderabad - 1.
9th August, 2024.
To
9th August, 2021. The Sub-Inspector of Police,
Fifth Town Police Station,
To Vedayapalem,
The Personnel Manager, Nellore – 5.
Bharathi Constructions Pvt., Ltd.,
Sir,
Balanagar Industrial Estate,
Sub: Complaint against the increasing thefts in and around of
Hyderabad. Vedayapalem – request to arrange police picketing in problematic
areas at night – regarding.
Sir, ***
Sub: Permission for attending Training Programme requested – regarding. I am a resident of Vedayapalem and I would like to bring to your kind
Ref: Letter of the Training Officer, Akhila Construction Pvt., Ltd., notice the increasing number of thefts in and around of our locality which is in
Hyderabad, dated: 20-7-2021. Vedayapalem. Our locality is on the outskirts of the town and the streets are
thinly populated. Moreover, the streets have not been provided with sufficient
*** streetlights and darkness rules most of the streets. As a result, the thefts are
I submit the following few lines for your kind consideration. I request you taking place very frequently. There are reports of thefts in one street or the
to permit me to attend the five -day Training Programme on Auto Cad to be other almost every day. Very recently, on finding the inmates of the house
held at Akhila Construction Pvt., Ltd., Hyderabad from 20-8-2021 to 24-8-2021 away, the thieves broke into the house and took away money, gold and other
as announced in the letter of the Training & Placements Officer, dated: 20-7- valuables from the house. It is identified that some strangers, on the pretext of
2021. I have been working in the Department for two years. Participating in this searching for houses to be let out for rent, gather information about the isolated
training programme will be a rich learning experience for me. It would help me houses and break into the houses at night.
to perform better in the Department. It is in this connection; I request you kindly to look into the matter and
I would be grateful to you if you could provide me an opportunity to take necessary steps to prevent these frequent thefts. Apart from the regular
update my skills by attending this programme on Auto Cad. night patrolling, I also request you to provide a police-picketing in this area at
Thank you very much, Sir. night for a few days.
Yours faithfully, Thank you very much Sir.

(M. KISHOR) Yours faithfully,

(M. KRISHNA)
9. Write a letter to the Municipal Commissioner about the menace of street dogs EXAMPLES FROM PREVIOUS QUESTION PAPERS
and the need to take measures to sterilize them.
Door No. 26-14-1020, 1. Write a letter to your father about your branch in the Diploma course and its
6th Cross Road, future opportunities for better career.
Balaji Nagar, Room No. 107, B – Block,
Nellore – 5. Boys‘ Hostel,
Government Polytechnic,
26th March, 2021. Nellore – 5.

To 9th April, 2021.

The Municipal Commissioner, Dear father,
Nellore Municipal Corporation, I am fine here and I hope that everyone at home is hale and healthy and
Nellore – 2. are doing well. I am sorry for the delay in answering to your last letter. I am
doing well here with my studies and I am comfortable with my stay at hostel.
Sir,
I feel that I have done the right thing in choosing Civil Engineering because I
Sub: Complaint against the menace of street dogs – increasing number of
victims of dog bites request to take measures to sterilize them – feel confident that I am going to secure a job in near future. As we are in the
regarding. final year of our Diploma course, our lecturers are informing us about the job
*** opportunities that are available to civil engineering students in both private and
I am a resident of Balaji Nagar in Nellore city. In our locality, street dogs government sector.
have become a serious threat to the people in general and the children in They say that we can apply for jobs in Municipalities, Irrigation
particular. The dogs are seen in large packs in every corner of the street Department, Railways, Public Works Department, Roads and Buildings and so
particularly at the municipality dustbins. It seems to me that our area has on. They say that for all those who study civil engineering, there is a bright
become a breeding ground for dogs. They are found everywhere in packs and future. Apart from academics, our lecturers have also conducted two to three
they bark at people and very often bite them inflicting serious injuries. They exams in line with competitive exams. Now, I am confident enough that I‘ll get
chase after the motor vehicles that pass through the streets. Many people have through any competitive exam but I must first focus on the annual exams our
become victims to these stray dogs so far. Even the elders hesitate to come out which are due next month.
of their houses when it becomes dark. People are scared to go out and get the I will come home once our final exams are over. If you are free and
things from the nearby shops. feeling well, you can visit me next Sunday otherwise there is no need to. I have
So, this to bring to your kind notice for information and favour of got still some money on me. Convey my regards to Mom and best wishes to
necessary action with regard to the subject mentioned above. Through this sister. Awaiting your reply.
litter, I would like to draw your attention to the fact that the streets dogs are on
the rise in our locality and it is a menace to the public. I request you kindly Your affectionate son,
once again to take necessary action in this regard and get the dogs sterilized
immediately and help the people lead peaceful life. (K. Sri Hari)
Address on the envelope:
Thank you very much, Sir. To
Sri. K. Mohan Rao,
Yours faithfully, Door No. 31- 14- 4092,
Ram Nagar,
(M. KISHOR) Chittoor – 4.
2. Write a letter to the newspaper editor about the irregular traffic and road 3. Write a letter to your father describing the plantation drive conducted in your
accidents in your town. college.
Door No. 26-14-1020, Room No.4, Boys‘ Hostel,
6th Cross Road, Government Polytechnic,
Balaji Nagar, Venkateswarapuram,
Nellore – 5.
Nellore – 4.
12th February, 2022.
9th April, 2021.
To Dear father,
The Editor, I am fine here and hope the same with everyone at home. I am studying
The Deccan Chronicle, well and getting good marks in all subjects. In our college, we were asked to
Subedar pet, participate in co-curricular activities. Some of the students joined NCC, NSS
Nellore – 1. and some other joined various clubs.
Last week, our Physical Education Director conducted a plantation drive in
Sir, our college to celebrate National Forest Day. As part of this programme, nearly
Sub: Requisition to resolve traffic related issues - the irregular traffic – sixty students participated in the programme. Some of us visited a nearby
frequent road accidents in Balaji Nagar – arrange traffic dividers – government-run nursery and secured 500 saplings of different varieties of
traffic signals – submission – regarding. plants. Some students were assigned with the task of digging a foot-deep pits in
*** the vacant land just beside the playground in our college premises. They dug
I, M. Koteswara Rao, am a resident of Balaji Nagar, Nellore. I would like the pits systematically with an equal distance of two meters on all sides. Some
to bring to your kind notice that the accidents on the mini-bypass near Balaji other students planted the saplings in the pits after removing the plastic cover.
Nagar have become order of the day. The principal appreciated all those students who participated in the program.
There are no proper traffic dividers. There are no traffic signals on the We are watering the plants daily and taking good care of them. Now, the
mini-bypass road near our locality. Owing to irregular traffic during the rush plants have grown keen-high. The view of the plants adds beauty to the
hours, there are traffic jams very often and sometimes it takes us 30 to 40 campus.
minutes to get out of these traffic jams. All are facing problems and are getting I will come home once our final exams are over next month. Take care of
delayed to reach their destination on time. your health daddy. Don‘t strain yourself too much. Convey my regards to Mom
We request you kindly to publish a news article covering our plight in the and wishes to Rukmini. Awaiting your reply.
columns of your esteemed newspaper and call for the attention of the
authorities concerned. Yours affectionately,

Thank you very much, Sir. (G. Kiran)

Yours sincerely, Address on the envelope:
To
(M. Koteswara Rao) Sri. G. Mohan Rao,
Door No. 31- 14- 4092,
Ram Nagar,
Chittoor – 4.
 Q. No. 16. REPORT WRITING 2. Write a report about the bush fire that raged in Australia recently by using the
A. NEWS REPORT following clues: forest, natural disaster, wild fire, dried leaves, no rain fall, wild
1. Write a report on the blood donation camp organized by International Red Cross animals, burnt alive loss of flora and fauna, fire fighters, uncontrollable,
Society in your College. Use the following clues: date, time, place, arrangements, moderate rains, environmental pollution, measures to protect etc.
donors, equipment, doctors, response sponsors, snack, volunteers, help others, save
lives etc. A REPORT ON BUSHFIRES IN AUSTRALIA
REORT ON A BLOOD DONATION CAMP Introduction: Bushfires are a common natural disaster in Australian forests
Introduction: A blood donation camp was organized by the international particularly in summer. The 2020 – 2021 Australian bushfire season, colloquially
Red Cross society in our college on 12-01-2021 from 9.00 am to 5.00 pm on the known as Black Summer, was a period of unusual bushfires in many parts of
eve of National Youth Day. Australia. It was reported that the bushfires scorched most tracts of Australia in
Details of the camp: The camp was held in our college hall. All the March, 2020.
preparations such as arrangement of beds, medical equipment, medicines, Details of Bushfire: The government of Australia treats these bushfires as
sanitation etc were made. A team of doctors and nurses from the local Govt. national emergency. the Dried leaves in the forest somehow catch fire from
hospital had reached in time. Some of our college students volunteered their inexplicable sources of nature. These tiny fires blow up into uncontrollable wild
service. The Chief Guest of the Camp was the mayor of the city. He inaugurated fire. This natural disaster would burn alive various wild animals and cause about
the Camp by cutting the ribbon. The students of our college and the other colleges a great loss to flora and fauna. There wouldn‘t be any rain fall owing to these
and the people of the city participated in the camp. Our college management bush fires. In the recent bushfires that occurred in Australia on 5th March, 2021, at
provided lunch to the medical team. I was also enthusiastic for donating my least 34 people had been killed – including four fire fighters and more than 18.6
blood. I was laid to bed with a soft ball in my hand. Then the process of million hectors of bush, forest and parks across Australia had been burned. These
extracting the blood off my body started. The process took more than half an bushfires destroyed over 5900 buildings including 2779 homes. Moreover, nearly
hour. After it, along with other donators, I was given fruits and milk. There were three million terrestrial animals of all sorts were believed to be killed. At its peak,
also very prominent people of the city who were there to donate blood. The Blood air quality dropped in hazardous levels in all southern and eastern states of
donation Camp continued till 5:00 pm. A total of 80 units of blood were Australia. It was reported that these bushfires had been one of the major causes of
collected. After that, the Chief Guest delivered the speech extolling those who environmental pollution and had severe impact on global warming.
had donated their blood. He told the audience that the donated blood would be Conclusion: With relentless efforts of the fire fighters, by 8 March 2020, all
used for saving the lives of the injured and the sick. One of the doctors also fires in New South Wales had been extinguished completely. The government of
addressed the audience saying that the blood donation does not weaken the Australia is taking every possible step to see that there won‘t be any such
donators. The recovery takes place very soon. He talked about facts, myths and instances of bushfires in Australian forests in future. They have established a
Blood Groups related information. It was followed by a Cultural programme. The research and development wing in the affected areas to study the issues deeply.
students of our college participated in the cultural activities. Everybody enjoyed
that. The Blood Donation Camp was ended with National Anthem.
Conclusion: The mayor also handed over the Certificates to the blood
donators. It was certainly a memorable day for me. We decided to donate blood in
future too as it is a lifesaving activity.
3. Write a report on the disaster caused by Hud Hud cyclone occurred in Vizag and 4. Imagine that you have witnessed a fire accident in your area and you tried your
the relief measures taken. best to contribute your services as part of rescue team. Write a report about the
incident including your services.
A REPORT ON THE DISASTER CAUSED BY HUDHUD
Introduction: One of the worst floods has hit Visakhapatnam recently. A REPORT ON FIRE ACCIDENT IN KAVALI
Owing to copious rainfall that started on 13 October, 2014, all the dams of the Introduction: A ghastly fire broke out in a local mattress manufacturing unit
state were filled to capacity. The incessant rains further deteriorated the flood at Thoofan Nagar in Kavali on 20th May, 2020 around 5:10 a.m. The
situation. Approximately 500 people have died in the floods. Thousands of houses manufacturing unit being located in the outskirts of the town, the incident was
have been affected and damaged. More than a million people had to take shelter brought to the notice of the officials rather late. In spite of some delay, the rescue
in relief camps. operations were carried out at once.
Details of the flood: Hudhud was a strong tropical cyclone that caused Details of the fire accident: The resident workers of the firm stated that
extensive damage and loss of life particularly in Visakhapatnam, also known as there was a short circuit in the warehouse and it resulted in the sparks of fire. A
Vizag. An alert was sounded in nine out of thirteen districts of Andhra Pradesh number of bales of cotton, bundles of coconut coir and rolls of sponge were there
where standing crops including paddy, groundnut, sugarcane and pulses were yet in the warehouse. The sparks of fire fell on the cotton bales which were adjacent
to be harvested. In the light of the cyclone, the National Disaster Response Force to the electric circuit. Immediately, the sparks caught fire and within no time
mobilized 35 teams in Andhra Pradesh. Over 500,000 people in Andhra Pradesh extended into huge uncontrollable flames. It was reported that some sixty to
were evacuated and put up in relief camps and emergency bunkers Hudhud seventy people were working in this manufacturing unit. As the accident occurred
crossed the coast of Andhra Pradesh at the noon of October 12 over in the early hours, some of these workers were sleeping. They couldn‘t escape
Visakhapatnam with winds exceeding 185kms/hour. Although other districts were from the spot. Soon there were large clouds of smoke. There was a lot of
affected a lot, Vizag witnessed the severity of Hudhud. Within hours of hitting the commotion around the place and people started rushing in to offer rescue
coast, the cyclone severed the radar link of Visakhapatnam Cyclone Warning operations. Some of them informed the police and the fire department. I helped
Centre. Hundreds of vehicles parked on roads were damaged while heavy rains the injured to move out of the place. The police and the fire-fighters arrived soon.
inundated a few colonies. The runway at Visakhapatnam Airport was flooded and The injured were taken immediately to Government Area Hospital in ambulances.
the radar and navigational aids were destroyed. Villages near Vizag were also The brigade officer said that they received a call around 5:30 a.m. and started at
significantly affected by Hudhud. It was reported that Hudhud caused 61 deaths once. The fire was controlled after a struggle of nearly forty minutes by the fire
within Andhra Pradesh and an estimated damage of Rs.219 billion including the brigade. The management of the firm stated that the devastating fire accident had
industrial damage of Rs.61.36 billion. resulted in a loss of three workers and property worth of three crores.
Conclusion: Thanks to the efforts of the Chief Minister Sri N. Chandra Conclusion: The management of the firm stated in spite of taking all safety
Babu Naidu with whose relentless efforts the relief activities were taken precautions in the firm, it was unfortunate to have an accident like this. An
immediately to bring about the situation to normalcy. official inquiry had been ordered by the Commissioner of the city. The
management and the government collectively announced ten lakhs of rupees
would be given to each bereaved family in compensation.
5. Make a report on how a four-year-old girl was saved from a bore well accident. B. INDUSTRIAL VISIT REPORT
You may use the cue words: child, villagers, shouts, suffocation, oxygen, Industrial visit is a part of professional (mostly engineering / MBA / Diploma)
parallel pit, JCB, ambulance, police, rescue team, hospital, and cover bore well. courses, during which students visit companies and get insight of the internal
working environment of the industry or the company. It lets students know things
particularly through interaction, working methods and employment practices.
A REPORT ON THE RESCUE OPERATIONS TO SAVE Moreover, it gives exposure from an academic point of view.
A FOUR-YEAR OLD GIRL FROM BOREWELL Observe the format of the report on an industrial visit. Sometimes, the
Introduction: A rescue operation was carried out jointly by a rescue team, report on industrial visits has to be submitted in detail with several attachments. The
the police and the fire department to save a four-year-old girl at a village called format of larger reports is as follows:
Vellanti in Nellore Rural Mandal yesterday at about 8 in the morning. The rescue
operation went on till 11in the afternoon. Title Page This page contains the title, details of the student
who submits the report and whom this report is
Details of the incident: Ramaiah, a farmer of that village, has a four-year
submitted, place visited and date of the visit.
old daughter by name Renuka. At about 7:30 on the morning of 20 th May, 2021,
Introduction This section presents the brief information about the
he took his little daughter to his field which was a little far away from their industry visited. Mode of transport, details of the
village. On reaching the fields, he asked his daughter to sit on one of the grassy important people whom the student has met and
hedges in the field while he engaged himself in putting water to the paddy seed facilities available are mentioned here.
beds. He reported that she sat on the hedge for a while and started moving about Objective The purpose of your visit has to be clearly
the fields plucking flowers and chasing after the butterflies and dragon flies. He mentioned here.
ignored completely about the failed, uncovered bore well which he had it drilled a Observations List out your observations in an order. Present the
data in a sequence. Mention what you have learnt
week ago. The hole of the bore well was two feet wide in diameter. While playing
during the visit.
in the fields, she fell in this 50-feet deep open bore well. He took notice of this and Critical analysis Analyse the information which you have gathered.
at once informed it to the others in the village. Soon the news spread like wild fire Discuss the unique features of the workplace.
in the village. The shouts of the villagers went high and the parents of the girl
Findings The important outcomes of the visit will be
started crying uncontrollably. Some of villagers informed to the rescue team, to mentioned here. This information will be useful to
the police, some to the fire station and some others to the emergency health care the other students who have not visited the industry.
unit. Within no time, people gathered around the bore well. The rescue team Check whether your objectives of your visit are
arrived in time and at first provided oxygen to the child by lowering the oxygen met. The reasons for the success or failure of the
pipes into the well to stop suffocation. They called for a JCB and started digging a company will be discussed here.
pit parallel to bore well. This went on till 11 o‘ clock in the morning. People who Acknowledgements Author can express his/her gratitude to the officer
who gave permission to visit the industry and the
were present there actively helped in one way or the other. By the time the girl people who helped you in your visit.
was taken out, she was found in an unconscious state but she was still alive. A
team of doctors checked the girl and gave first aid in the ambulance. After that she But, for our present study at polytechnic level, you need not write a detailed
was rushed to the hospital for better treatment. industrial visit report or technical report. Study the following sample Industrial Visit
Conclusion: With the collective efforts and cooperation of the rescue team, Reports and learn how to write them in brief.
the police, the doctors, the fire department and the local people, Renuka was
saved. She was rushed to the nearest hospital in an ambulance to provide good
ventilation and better treatment. The doctors said that she was out of danger.
Everyone relieved a sigh of satisfaction and happiness!
1. You made a visit to a nearby industry related to your branch. Prepare a report in 2. You made a visit to a nearby industry related to your branch. Prepare a report in
proper format and submit it to your principal. proper format and submit it to your principal.

Title of the Project Title of the Project

A REPORT ON INUSTRIAL VISIT OF THE STUDENTS OF GOVT. A REPORT ON INUSTRIAL VISIT OF THE STUDENTS OF GOVT.
POLYTECHNIC, NELLORE POLYTECHNIC, NELLORE
Place of Visit Place of Visit
VISAKHA STEEL PLANT, VIZAG SRI DAMODARAM SANJEEVAIAH
Date of Visit THERMAL POWER STATION, NELLORE
11 MAY, 2024
Date of Visit
Submitted by 25 APRIL, 2024
THE FINAL YEAR STUDENTS OF DME
Submitted by
Submitted to THE FINAL YEAR STUDENTS OF DEEE
THE PRINCIPAL, THROUGH THE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT Submitted to
OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING THE PRINCIPAL, THROUGH THE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
Introduction: As part of practical-oriented teaching and need-focused OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
curriculum, the first-year students of Government Polytechnic, Kavali, visited the
Introduction: As part of practical oriented teaching and need focussed
Steel Plant at Vizag to have a practical experience of watching how steel is made.
curriculum, Electrical and Electronics Engineering students of Government
All the first-year students along with two members of faculty visited on 11 May,
Polytechnic, Nellore were taken on one day industrial visit to Sri Damoraram
2024.
Sanjeevaiah Thermal Power Station on 25 April, 2024. We started our journey
Experience: After getting necessary permission from the Head of the
from the college premises at 8 in the morning and reached the port at 10 o‘clock.
Training and Development Department, the students and the faculty reached the
Experience: Initially 30 students along with four faculty members visited
main entrance of the Vishaka Steel Plant, guided by the Deputy Manager. At the
the power plant. We were allowed into the plant, after clearing the customs and
main entrance, the CISF guards issued entry pass to all the visitors. At first, the
other security procedures. We were given strict instructions regarding safety and
students and the faculty visited the Coke Ovens and Coal Chemical Plant and got
protective measures. Mr. Rahul, General Manager (Administration and HR) and
familiarized with the process of converting coke from coal. Coal is converted into
Mr. Anwar Javed, Sr. Manager (Operations) enlightened the students on the
coke by heating the prepared coal blend charge in the coke ovens in the absence of
functional aspects of Thermal Power Station. We observed various sections in the
air at a temperature of 1000o C to 1050oC for a period of 16 to 19 hours. After
power station like coal handling section, turbine section, boiler section as well as
spending some time in this part of the Plant, the students and the teachers visited
the control room. The power station was producing 800 MW of electricity in each
the Blast Furnace. Three Blast Furnaces are there. The students were permitted to
unit, which was the only power station which produce highest electricity. The
visit the first one, which was in operation at that time. After the Sinter Plant, the
whole power station is working in auto mode everything was controlled in the
students and the teachers visited one of the dangerous yet exciting parts of the tour
control room itself only. We got immense knowledge and real time exposure.
– Steel Melting Shop (SMS) and the Continuous Casting Department (CCD). Steel
Later on, we had an interaction with them and got our doubts cleared about
is made in steel melting shop in the refractory lined vessels called LD converters
different stages of production of power, storage, transmission and distribution of
by blowing oxygen through the hot metal bath.
power to other companies.
Conclusion: It was an educative experience when we actually witnessed the Conclusion: We enjoyed the visit as we had an insightful educative
steel making. We understand the theory that we study in the text books better if it experience. We had hands on experience on how thermal power is generated using
is supplemented by practical visits to industries. It gives an unforgettable hands-on coal. We understood the theory that we study in the text books better as it was
experience. supplemented by practical visit to power project.
3. You made a visit to a nearby industry related to your branch. Prepare a report in Q. No. 17. A) DRAFTING AN E-MAIL
proper format and submit it to your principal.
Emails are widely used not only for personal but also for academic and business
Title of the Project
communication because of their speed and convenience. Most business organizations
A REPORT ON INUSTRIAL VISIT OF THE STUDENTS OF
encourage customers to write to them by a ‗Contact us‘ button on their website.
GOVT. POLYTECHNIC, NELLORE
Many research departments and universities also now use email to send assignments
Place of Visit to students and receive their responses. The inbuilt format of an email letter includes
NAGARJUNA SAGAR HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT the following lines that the sender fills in before sending it off.
Date of Visit Emails can be studied under three heads. They are semi-formal email, formal email
11 MARCH, 2024 and informal emails.
Submitted by To: This is for the e-mail address of the recipient; more than one address can be
THE FINAL YEAR STUDENTS OF DEEE written, separated by commas.
Cc: (Carbon copy, or copy to): this is for a list of addresses to which you want to
Submitted to
send copies of your message.
THE PRINCIPAL, THROUGH THE HEAD OF THEDEPARTMENT
OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Bcc (blind carbon copy): Recipients‘ address typed here will not be seen by other
Introduction: As part of practical-oriented learning, and need based recipients. Use this if you do not want the person/people to whom you are writing to
curriculum, the final year students of DEEE from Government Polytechnic, know who you are keeping informed. It also protects the privacy of people who may
Kavali, visited Nagarjuna Sagar Hydroelectric Power Plant on 11th March, 2024, not want to reveal their email address.
to have practical experience of how hydroelectricity is produced. We started at
Subject: This tells the recipient what the email is about. Do not leave it blank. Your
5:30 a.m. with 43 students and 3 faculty members from Nellore. We had a
subject line must be clear and specific so that the recipient gets an idea of its content
delicious breakfast at Piduguralla and reached Nagarjuna Sagar at 10:30 am. We
even before reading your letter. The subject line also helps recipients find particular
got permission for visiting the right canal power generating station. After
messages. So, make the subject line specific, simple and to the point.
completing regular formalities with the security wing, we got clearance from
 For example, instead of ‗The internship report you asked for‘, write ‗Internship
them to visit the power plant under the guidance of two Junior Electrical
Report, {date/week/month}‘.
Engineers namely Mr. Kesava Rao and Mr. Satyanarayana. They explained to us
everything in detail.  The subject line should be short. Ideally, your subject line should stand around
Experience: Nagarjuna Sagar Hydroelectric Power Plant is built on the six words.
river Krishna in Nalgonda District. The project forms the lower reservoir with a  Keep the most important and informative words in the beginning of the subject
gross storage of 400 TMC ft. It has 26 gates and 2 canals: the right canal and the line.
left canal. The right canal plant has a power generation capacity of 90 MW with 3  Use markers like Fwd., Reply, Urgent, and Notice to further narrow down the
units of 30.6MV each. The left canal plant has a power generation capacity of 60 subject. It informs your reader about the nature of your email.
MW with 2 units of 30 MW each. The hydroelectric plant has a power generation Some examples of good subject lines when you write a formal email can be:
capacity of 815.6 MV with 8 units (1x110 MV +7x100.8 MV). First Unit was  Marketing Date for November, 2021.
commissioned on 7 March1978 and 8th unit on 24 December 1986. After  Marketing Budget, November 2021
spending two hours at the power plant, we had our lunch in nearby restaurant at  List of New Freelancers
about 1:30. Later we hurried to catch the last launch to reach the island Nagarjuna
 Job Application for the Post of XYZ
konda, we are rejuvenated by the by the cool breeze and freshwater of the river
 Leave Application
Krishna. Our next place of visit was a must-see place in India once in a life time
for Buddhists, Archaeological Museum. We spent 2 hours in the museum and  Query Regarding the Missing Information in the Document
boarded the bus at 5:30 p.m. after having refreshments, reached Kavali at 10:30.  Contract Agreement – XYZ Assignment
Conclusion: We spent some valuable time in knowing the actual working,
control and synchronization of hydro power plant with the grid.
 17 a) WRITING AN E-MAIL 2. Draft an e-mail to your father asking him to permit you to go on an
educational tour and request him to transfer money.
TEXTUAL EXERCISES
1. Draft an e-mail to the principal of your institution requesting him to 26/06/2024
arrange RO system for drinking water. (Hints: Falling sick by drinking From: surya2004@[Link]
impure water, shortage of drinking water, untidy water storage pitchers.) To: krishnaprasadk70@[Link]
Subject: Permission Request for Educational Tour and Fund Transfer
24/06/2024
From: surya2004@[Link] Dear Dad,
To: gptnlr016@[Link] I hope you are doing well. I am writing to seek your permission to
Subject: Request for Installation of RO Water Plant in College Premises participate in an upcoming educational tour being organized by our college.
Sir, This tour presents a unique opportunity for me to broaden my practical
knowledge in hydroelectricity.
I, K. Surya Prakash, a Final Year Student in the Department of Electrical &
Electronics Engineering of this Institution, would like to bring to your kind Participating in this tour will not only enhance my understanding but also
notice that all the students are facing serious problems with the scanty water contribute positively to my overall educational development. The tour is
facilities in the college premises. scheduled to take place from 20-03-2024 to 20-03-2024 and will include
visits to Srisailam Hydropower Project and other worth seeing places around
Some of the students have already fallen sick by drinking impure water from
it.
the untidy water storage pitchers. In order to address this issue effectively, I
would like to propose the installation of a Reverse Osmosis (RO) water So, I request you kindly to send me some money to meet the expenses that
purification plant in the campus. incur in this tour. The estimated cost includes travel expenses,
accommodation, meals, and any educational materials required.
I believe that this initiative will prove a conducive and healthy environment
for the students and also the teaching and non-teaching staff of the college. Thank you for considering my request, Dad. I look forward to your
It would also demonstrate our college's proactive approach towards favourable response.
sustainability and student welfare. Warm regards,
Thanking you, Sir. K. Surya Prakash
Yours obediently,
K. Surya Prakash
21016-EE-047
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Government Polytechnic, Nellore
 EXAMPLES FROM PREVIOUS QUESTION PAPERS 2. Write an e-mail to the HOD of your branch requesting him to issue a new
identity card. (April / May 2024)
1. Write an e-mail to the Chief Engineer of APSPDCL requesting him to
permit your class for industrial visit. (April/May 2024) 24/06/2024
24/06/2024 From: surya2004@[Link]
From: surya2004@[Link] To: [Link]@[Link]
To: srinivasulareddyceapspdcl@[Link] Subject: Request for Issuance of New Identity Card
Subject: Request for Permission for Industrial Visit
Sir, Sir,

I am writing to request permission on behalf of my class from Department of I would like to bring to your kind notice that I am facing a problem with my
Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Government Polytechnic, Nellore, for present identity card. Unfortunately, it has become damaged beyond use,
an industrial visit to 33/11kv substation near Kovur, Nellore. and I am unable to access to various facilities and services provided by the
The purpose of this visit is to have hands on experience and practical college. To rectify this situation, I request you kindly to issue me a new
insights into the operations and functioning of the substation. It will greatly identity card at your earliest convenience. This new card will enable me to
enhance our understanding of theoretical concepts learned in our coursework continue my academic and administrative activities smoothly without any
and broaden our knowledge of the practical applications in the field of interruptions.
electricity.
Please let me know the procedure and any documents required to facilitate
We are keen to schedule the visit at a time convenient for your department, this process. I am available at your convenience if you need any further
and we assure you that all necessary precautions and guidelines will be information from my side.
followed during our visit. We aim to ensure minimal disruption to your
operations while maximizing the educational benefits for our student Thank you very much for your prompt attention to this matter. I look
community. forward to your positive response, Sir.

Please let us know the formalities and permissions required from our end to K. Surya Prakash
facilitate this visit. We are flexible with dates and timings and will 21016-M-047
accommodate any preferences you may have. Government Polytechnic,
Nellore
Thank you for considering our request. We look forward to your positive
response and the opportunity to visit and learn from your esteemed
department.
Best regards,
K. Surya Prakash
21016-EE-047
Class Representative
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Government Polytechnic, Nellore
3 Draft an e-mail to your friend inviting him to spend the weekend with you. 4. Write an e-mail to your friend inviting him / her to attend your Annual
(April / May 2024) Day celebrations. (April / May 2024)
24/06/2024 24/06/2024
From: surya2004@[Link] From: surya2004@[Link]
To: thejagold_1974@[Link] To: bhargavk143@[Link]
Subject: Weekend Invitation Subject: Invitation to Annual Day Celebrations
Hi Theja,
Hey Bhargav,
I hope this message finds you well! I've been thinking it would be awesome
I hope you are doing well! I wanted to personally invite you to our college‘s
to catch up and spend some quality time together. How about coming over
upcoming Annual Day Celebrations. It‘s going to be a fantastic event with
to spend the weekend with me?
performances, awards and a lot of other fun activates. The Annual Day is
I am planning to visit Bhairavakona and beach resorts in my car with two going to be celebrated on 25 March, 2024. It starts around 10 in the morning
other of my cousins. We can have lots of fun and enjoy good food in the in our college premises.
restaurants there. It would be a great opportunity to relax and have some fun.
Your presence would mean a lot to me and it would be great to have you
Let me know if you're free and interested! I can't wait to hang out with you.
here to share in the excitement of the day. Let me know if you can make it,
Cheers, and if you have any questions about the event, feel free to ask. Looking
Surya forward to catching up with you at the celebrations!
Best regards,
Surya
5. Write an e-mail to the General Manager of an industry requesting him to Q. NO. 17 B) FRAMING QUESTIONS
permit your class students to visit their next Sunday.
Dear students, to change a declarative sentence into an interrogative sentence you need
.26/06/2024 to keep the following points in mind:
From: surya2004@[Link] A. FRAMING ‘YES – NO’ TYPE QUESTIONS:
To: muralidharan.k@[Link] 1. Inversion takes place in interrogative sentences. Inversion means bringing the
Subject: Request for Permission for Industrial Visit auxiliary verb to the front position or keeping the subject after the auxiliary and
before the main verb. Study the following:
Sir, a) When there is only auxiliary verb: Auxiliary + Subject + ........ ?
It is a screwdriver. – Is it a screwdriver?
I am writing this email to request permission for an industrial visit on behalf Delhi is the capital of India. - Is Delhi the capital of India?
of my class from the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government b) When there are both an auxiliary verb and a main verb present in a
Polytechnic, Nellore, for an industrial visit. sentence:
Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb + ….?
The purpose of our visit to your palm oil company is to know how boilers He will come here shortly. – Will he come here shortly?
are operated and how they function. We would like to have hands on They have made the matters worse. – Have they made the matters worse?
experience. It will greatly enhance our understanding of theoretical concepts
regarding boilers. 2. Dear students, it is only on two occasions that you don‘t find any auxiliary verb
in declarative sentences, the first one is simple present and the second one is
We are very much interested to visit your industry next Sunday. We assure simple past tense.
you that all necessary precautions and guidelines will be followed during our Flowers emit fragrance. We went to a movie last night.
visit. We aim to ensure minimal disruption to your operations while Trees give us oxygen. They left the place without any nuisance.
maximizing the educational benefits for our student community. This road leads to Hyderabad. The Board declared / announced our results.
In the above sentences, you don‘t find any auxiliary verb. In such case, you
Please let us know the formalities and permissions required from our end to need to identify the tense of the main verb. If the main verb is in simple present
facilitate this visit. tense, in order to turn the sentence into an interrogative, you have to take does
for singulars subjects and do for plural subjects.
Thank you for considering our request. We look forward to your positive Does + singular subject + verb1...? Do + plural subject + verb1 ?
response and the opportunity to visit and learn from your esteemed
Does this road lead to Hyderabad? Doe she wake up early every morning?
department.
Do flowers emit fragrance? Do trees give us oxygen?
Best regards, If the main verb is in simple past tense, in order to turn the sentence into an
interrogative, you have to take did for both singulars subjects and plural
K. Surya Prakash subjects. Did + subject + verb1 ...
21016-M-047 Did we go to a movie last night?
Department of Mechanical Engineering Did they leave the place without any nuisance?
Did the Board declare / announce our results?
Government Polytechnic, Nellore.
3. Except simple present and simple past, in all other tenses, you will find an
auxiliary verb in sentences. Look for the auxiliary verb in the sentence. Bring
it to the front, or keep the subject after the auxiliary verb, like:
Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb + ….?.
 There won‘t be any change in the form of the main verb. d) We usually use the singular form of a main verb with a what question that is in
She is searching for her missing ID card. resent tense. We often come across this type of question in the form of riddles
They have missed the train this morning. and during quizzes.
Is she searching for her missing ID card? What eats grass? What has a hump on its back?
Have they missed the train this morning?
B. Where is used to ask questions about places, directions and locations. The
They will come here tomorrow.
auxiliary verb is always placed before the subject as shown in the structure
He can solve any problem.
below: Where + auxiliary verb + noun/ pronoun + main verb...?
Will they come here tomorrow?
Madrid is in Spain. ~ Where is Madrid?
Can he solve any problem?
Geetha and Janaki are in the music room. ~ Where are Geetha and Janaki?
4. When you find two auxiliary verbs, take only the first auxiliary and bring it to I am going to the supermarket. ~Where are you going?
the front place. They are coming from college. ~ Where are they coming from?
They will have finished the work by the time you go there. Where will Hemanth and Tina go tomorrow? ~ They will go to the Maldives.
Will they have finished the work by the time you go there? Where shall we deposit this amount? ~ We shall deposit in a bank.
They might have made every arrangement perfectly. Where does Anitha work? ~ She works at a lawyer‘s firm.
Might they have made every arrangement perfectly?
C. When is used to ask questions about time and dates. The auxiliary verb is
B. FRAMING WH-QUESTIONS always placed before the subject as shown in the following manner:
1. Wh-words are also known as interrogative words or question words. They are When + auxiliary verb + noun/ pronoun + main verb...?
the words used in asking questions and they are called wh-words because most When is your birthday? ~ It is on 19th October
of them begin with ‗wh‘. Wh-questions give us information about time, place, When was our last meeting? ~ It was on 10th July.
reason, manner and so on. When are they leaving for Japan? ~ They are leaving for Japan in February.
When will the specialist doctor arrive at the hospital?
A. What is used to ask questions about things and actions. What can be used as
When does the programme start?
the subject or object of the verb in a question.
D. Why is used to ask questions about the cause, reason or purpose for something.
a) If the word what refers to the subject, we can directly use the main verb after it.
The auxiliary verb is always placed before the subject as shown in the following
No inversion takes place.
manner: Why + auxiliary verb + noun/ pronoun + main verb...?
What made you laugh? ~ His silly jokes made me laugh.
Why was that woman staring at you?
What happened to your brother? ~ A bad accident happened to him yesterday.
Why did you call the police?
What makes it popular with Netflix?
Why is the boy climbing that tall tree?
b) If the word what refers to the object, we can use auxiliary verbs after it. Unlike Why were the men shouting?
statements, the auxiliary verb always comes before the noun or pronoun in Why does Rosie visit the orphanage every month?
questions. Why is the supermarket closed today?
What + auxiliary verb + noun/pronoun + main verb ...? Why are there so many cars parked along our road?
What does Mahesh like? What did he say just now?
E. Who is used to ask questions about people‘s identity.
What do you see? What did they win last week?
a) In case of using who as a subject, you might observe that there won‘t be any
What are they playing? ~ They are playing football.
inversion in the questions.
What was Krishna making just now? ~ He was making a salad just now.
No auxiliary verb is used. The main verb simply follows who. Study the
c) We sometimes use what with a noun to ask for details about the noun. When following examples:
the wh-word what is followed by a noun, the word after the noun has to be a Tagore wrote the Gitanjali. – Who wrote the Gitanjali?
finite verb. Someone broke these window panes. – Who broke these window panes?
What perfume does she use? What drinks are you serving at the party? Our neighbours will look after the plants. – Who will look after the plants?
What colour is your bicycle? What crops do the farmers in Nepal grow? Someone has eaten the biscuits. – Who has eaten the biscuits?
b) In case of using who in place of an object, you might observe that inversion There are 20 sticks in the box.
takes place in these questions. Auxiliary verbs are used here. The subject is How much paint is there in the can? (quantity) ~
placed in between the auxiliary and the main verb. Study the following There is one litre of paint in the can.
examples: Who + auxiliary verb + noun/ pronoun + main verb...?
d) We use how many or how much with do forms in this way:
They will request the principal to cancel the classes. – Who will they request
How many/How much + noun + do form+ noun/pronoun + base form of the
to cancel the classes?
main verb...?
She has sent the commissioner a report. – Who has she sent a report?
How many magazines did Dr. Manmohan buy? ~ He bought five magazines.
Traditionally, who is used as the subject of the verb in questions, and whom is
How many pairs of shoes do you have? ~ I have two pairs of shoes.
used as the object of the verb. However, nowadays, it is more common to use
How much sugar do you take in your coffee? ~ I take one teaspoon.
who as both the subject and object of the verb.
2. Sometimes, wh-questions can be framed without an auxiliary verb. This
F. Whose is used to identify the person who owns something or the animal that
happens particularly when the wh-word replaces the subject.
has something. The auxiliary verb is always placed before the subject as shown
Who gave you this present?
in the following manner:
Whose secretary won the best employee award?
Whose + (noun) + auxiliary verb + noun/ pronoun + main verb...?
How many children want ice-cream?
Whose basket is this? Whose son is an excellent artist?
Whose slippers are in the corner? Whose raincoat did you borrow? 3. While framing questions with wh-words, see that the questions don‘t contain
Whose are these books? Whose are these fields? the answers in them. Study the following examples:
Where was Gandhiji born in Gujarat? (x)
G. Which is used to ask the listener to identify or choose a specific item from a list
Where was Gandhiji born? (�)
that is known to both the listener and the speaker. The auxiliary verb is always
How long have they been waiting for the chief guest for an hour? (x)
placed before the subject as shown in the following manner:
How long have they have been waiting for the chief guest? (�)
Which + auxiliary verb + noun/ pronoun + main verb...?
Which is your favourite cartoon hero – Superman or Batman?
Which school do you go to – Rainbow or St. John‘s?
H. How is usually used with certain adjectives to ask for different types of
information, for example, distance age, size, height etc.
a) We use how with adjectives in this way: How + adjective+ be forms +
noun/pronoun...?
How old is your mother? (age) ~ She is 40 years old.
How far is the bus station from here? (distance) ~
It is about two kilometres from here.
How big are the paintings? (size) ~ They are 60cm by 40cm.
How long is the film? (length of time) ~ It is two hours long.
How tall is this tree? (height) ~ It is three metres tall.
b) We use how many with main verbs in this way: How many + plural noun +
main verb ...?
How many children took the test yesterday?
How many members in your family like outdoor sports?
c) We use How many or how much with be forms + there in this way:
How many/How much + noun + be forms + there ...?
How many sticks are there in the box? (number) ~
 17 (b) FRAMING QUESTIONS 3. Frame three ‘Wh’ questions and two Yes/No questions from the following
passage: (March/April 2024)
EXAMPLES FROM PREVIOUS QUESTION PAPERS When I walked into the doctor‘s office, I was feeling a little nervous. I had
never been to the doctor to my own before and I wasn‘t sure what to expect.
1. Frame three ‘Wh’ questions and two Yes/No questions from the following The receptionist greeted me with a warm smile and asked me to sit down. I
passage: (March/April 2024) waited a few minutes before calling the exam room.
The statue of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was unveiled in Vijayawada on 19 th The doctor was very friendly and asked me lots of questions about my
January, 2024. The statue is 206-foot tall and made of bronze. This is the tallest health and my symptoms I was experiencing. He examined me and did some tests
statue of Ambedkar in the world. It is installed in an area of 18 acres in the busy and then gave me some advice on how to take care of myself. He prescribed
MG Road in Vijayawada. The statue serves as an inspiration to the young some medicine for me to take and told me to come back in a week to check my
citizens. progress.
Wh-questions: Wh-questions:
1. ..........................................................................................................................
1. ..........................................................................................................................
2. ..........................................................................................................................
2. ..........................................................................................................................
3. .......................................................................................................................... 3. ..........................................................................................................................

Yes / No Type questions: Yes / No Type questions:

1. ..........................................................................................................................
1. ..........................................................................................................................
2. ..........................................................................................................................
2. ..........................................................................................................................
2. Frame three ‘Wh’ questions and two Yes/No questions from the following
passage: (March/April 2024)
4. Frame three ‘Wh’ questions and two Yes/No questions from the following
The role of women in the workplace has undergone drastic change in the
passage: (March/April 2024)
last 50 years. Though the participation of women increased, they remain
C.V. Raman was born on 28 February, 1888 at Tiruchirappalli in Tamil
substantially underrepresented as innovators. They also face various types of
Nadu. His father was a college Physics teacher. He was a brilliant student from
stereotypical threats. Gender stereotyping also affects innovation sphere badly. A
the very start. His parents decided to send him abroad for higher studies. But on
recent University of Washington study found that women do stay away from
medical grounds, a British surgeon advised them against it and Raman stayed in
some science Technology Engineering and Maths (STEM) fields due to gender
the country to do MA course at Presidency college in Chennai.
disparity and a ‗masculine culture‘.
Wh-questions:
Wh-questions:
1. ..........................................................................................................................
1. ..........................................................................................................................
2. ..........................................................................................................................
2. ..........................................................................................................................
3. ..........................................................................................................................
3. ..........................................................................................................................
Yes / No Type questions:
Yes / No Type questions:
1. ..........................................................................................................................
1. ..........................................................................................................................
2. ..........................................................................................................................
2. ..........................................................................................................................
5. Frame three ‘Wh’ questions and two Yes/No questions from the following 7. Frame three ‘Wh’ questions and two Yes/No questions from the following
passage: (March/April 2025) passage: (March/April 2025)
The most beautiful humming birds are found in the West Indies and South Abdul Kalam is one of the greatest scientists that India has ever produced.
America. The crest on the tiny head of one of these birds shines like a sparkling He was born in a small town called Rameswaram in Tamil Nadu. He was the
crown of coloured light. The shades of colour that adorn its breast are equally chief architect of India‘s missile project of DRDO. Apart from serving as
brilliant. As the bird flights from one flower to another it looks more like a bright scientist at ISRO, he also worked as the Director of DRDO. Later he became the
flash of sunlight than it does a living being. You ask, why are they called President of India. But the role he loved the most was the role of being a teacher
humming birds? It is because they make a soft, humming noise by the rapid and interacting with the young people of India. Therefore, to share his ideas with
notion of their wings – a motion so rapid that as they fly, you can hardly see that the young people, he wrote two books: The Ignited Minds and Wings of Fire.
they have winds. When you approach the spot where one of these birds has built These two books reflect his vision of India‘s future and role of youth for India‘s
its nest, you need to be careful. The mother bird will dart at you and try to peck success.
you. Its sharp beak may hurt you.
Wh-questions:
Wh-questions: 1. ..........................................................................................................................
1. .......................................................................................................................... 2. ..........................................................................................................................
2. .......................................................................................................................... 3. ..........................................................................................................................
3. ..........................................................................................................................
Yes / No Type questions:
Yes / No Type questions: 1. ..........................................................................................................................
1. .......................................................................................................................... 2. ..........................................................................................................................
2. ..........................................................................................................................
8. Frame three ‘Wh’ questions and two Yes/No questions from the following
6. Frame three ‘Wh’ questions and two Yes/No questions from the following passage: (March/April 2025)
passage: (March/April 2025) A dictionary is a very important tool to learn English. You can look up the
The worldwide episode of the COVID-19 pandemic has spread around the meaning of a new word in it. You can also check the spelling and its class. You
world, influencing practically all nations and domains. The episode was first can get the grammatical information like tense, number, degree etc. You can get
recognized in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The nations all through the different meanings of the same word and their usage is the sentences. So, an
planet advised people in general to take certain precautions. Some of the English Dictionary is a good friend to the students.
techniques included hand washing, wearing face covers and staying away from
Wh-questions:
mass get-together and congregations. Lockdown and remaining at home also
hoped control the spread of the illnesses. 1. ..........................................................................................................................
2. ..........................................................................................................................
Wh-questions:
3. ..........................................................................................................................
1. ..........................................................................................................................
2. ..........................................................................................................................
Yes / No Type questions:
3. ..........................................................................................................................
1. ..........................................................................................................................
2. ..........................................................................................................................
Yes / No Type questions:
1. ..........................................................................................................................
2. ..........................................................................................................................
 Q. No. 18. READING COMPEHENSION PASSAGES is merely to have large farms and large crops. Today the farmer is interested only
in the wealth he can obtain from the soil. By greed and selfishness, and a habit of
1. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow. Your regarding the soil as property, the face of the land is made ugly, farming is
answers should be accurate, precise and limited to a word or phrase or a lowered in dignity and the farmer leads the meanest of lives.
simple sentence. a) What is this passage about?
A long, long time ago, there lived a farmer named Amarnath in a village. b) Which crops grew well in the first season?
He was very happy with his family. But his happiness could not last for long. c) How much land did the narrator dig the next year?
Amarnath and fellow villagers faced severe drought for one year. They d) What did he learn from his experience?
desperately waited for rains but with no luck. There was no water anywhere. All e) What does ancient poetry suggest about farming?
the crops, land, and even trees dried up. The cattle started dying. People were f) How do the people farm these days?
facing many difficulties to get water. As there was no rain, the stream was drying g) How is soil regarded today?
up slowly. h) Is for forming a holistic activity?
Then, one night, during a meet with villagers, Amarnath said, ―Friends, we i) Pick the word from the passage which means ‗simple and nothing more‘.
all have heard tales from our grandparents about an underground river flowing j) Suggest a suitable title for the passage.
through the village. Why don‘t we dig and see?‖ The villagers agreed and started
digging. They dug for some days but gave up soon. However, Amarnath kept on 3. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow. Your
digging. When people told him to give up, he said, ―God is helping and guiding answers should be accurate, precise and limited to a word or phrase or a
my way.‖ simple sentence.
Then, one day, when he had dug deep enough, Amarnath saw water. His The human brain remembers negative experiences more easily than positive
attitude of not giving up saved the whole village. ―Never give up so easily,‖ ones. Our brains have developed this way because threats, like dangerous
Amarnath advised all the villagers. Now, they are never short of water. And animals, had a more immediate effect on our ancestors‘ survival compared to
whenever problem arises, all villagers came up together and find a solution. positive things like food or shelter. As a result, you are likely to know what
a) Why could not the happiness of Amarnath and villagers last for long? makes you unhappy, but do you know what makes you happy? Research suggests
b) What were they curiously waiting for? that our level of happiness depends partly on factors we cannot control — our
c) What was the tale told by Amarnath? genes and our life circumstances.
d) What did the villagers start to save themselves? But our level of happiness is also shaped by the choices we make. If you‘ve
e) Why did the villagers give up their effort? been chasing wealth, fame, good looks, material things and power you may be
f) What was Amarnath‘s reply to villagers when they discouraged him? looking for happiness in all the wrong places. Psychologists suggest that the
g) What actually do you think saved the village? following seven habits make people happier.
h) What is drought? People who form close relationships tend to be happier than those who do
i) How did the drought affect the village? Mention at least two things. not. The number of friends we have is not important. What matters is the quality
j) Pick the word from the paragraph that would mean, ―seriously, helplessly or of our relationships. Relationships that bring happiness usually involve the
used to emphasize the extreme degree of something‖. sharing of feelings, mutual respect, acceptance, trust, fun and empathy.
2. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow. Your People who make a habit of caring for the well-being of others tend to be
answers should be accurate, precise and limited to a word or phrase or a happier. This might involve volunteering for an organization or reaching out to
simple sentence. support friends and family on a regular basis. People who exercise regularly
The first season my crop was good enough to satisfy me, especially the beans improve both their physical and mental well-being. Some research has shown
and potatoes. The next year I did better still, for I dug all the land I needed, about that exercise can be as effective as medication in treating depression.
a third of an acre, with a spade. I learned from the experience of both years that if When we are so interested in an activity we enjoy that work so we lose
one would live simply and eat only the crop which he raised, and raise no more track of time, we are in a state of flow. The activity could be making art, playing
than he ate, then he would need to plant only a small piece of ground. piano, surfing or playing a game. People who experience flow in their work or
Ancient poetry and old stories suggest that farming was once a holy art; hobbies tend to be happier.
but people farm today with unholy haste and thoughtlessness. Our purpose now People who include spirituality in their daily life tend to be happier.
 Practicing spirituality is a way of recognizing and trying to understand the the farmer‘s generosity towards his sons, the hunter often shared the game he had
wonder and beauty of existence. Some people do this by going to a place of hunted with the farmer. The farmer reciprocated by sending the hunter the cheese
worship or praying. Some people practice yoga or meditation. Some people go he had made. Within a short time, the neighbours became good friends.
for long walks in nature. a) What kind of dogs does the neighbour have?
People are more likely to be happy if they know what their strengths are and b) When did the farmer consult the judge?
use them regularly. People who set goals and use their strengths to achieve them c) What would be the consequences if the judge punished the neighbour?
tend to be happier. People are especially happy when they can use their strengths d) What was the solution suggested by the judge?
to serve the greater good. e) What did the neighbour‘s sons do with the gifts they received?
People who think positively by being grateful, mindful and optimistic are f) How did the dogs stop bothering the farmer‘s lambs?
more likely to be happy. (Being grateful means being thankful, being mindful g) What items are exchanged between the two neighbours?
means being open to, focusing on and enjoying the experiences of the present h) Did the farmer agree to judge‘s solution? What did he do?
moment, being optimistic means being hopeful about the future.) i) Pick out the word from the passage that is antonym for the word: ‗foe‘.
a) What does the human brain remember easily? j) Pick the word from the passage which means: ‗a closed shelter for dogs‘.
b) What is the second habit among the seven which makes people happier?
c) How does exercising regularly help us? 6. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. Your
d) Why should we set goals? answer should be accurate, precise and limited to a word or phrase or a
e) Being optimistic means being . simple sentence. (June/ July 2022)
f) What does the research suggest? Everyone has a favourite attraction at an amusement park, and I am no
g) How does being spiritual help us? different. However, unlike most people who seem to prefer roller coasters, my
h) What is flow according to the passage? favourite ride is Ferris wheel. The Ferris wheel is simple and yet also quite
i) What sort of people tend to be happier? complex. That is, riding it is easy, but how it works is complicated. A series of
j) Write the meaning of the word ―empathy‖. carts are attached to a wheel, which is attached to a rim. That rim rotates
vertically around an axis, and gravity keeps the carts upright. As simple as the
4. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow. Your ride seems, only advanced engineers can make safe and fun Ferris wheels which
answers should be accurate, precise and limited to a word or phrase or a is also called giant wheel. While the Ferris wheel is not as thrilling as a roller
simple sentence. coaster, it is still very exciting. The fact of being high in the air makes it so much
A farmer in ancient China had a neighbour who was a hunter, and who owned more entertaining than a lot of rides. I mean, how often do you hang from that
ferocious and poorly trained hunting dogs. They jumped over the fence high up in daily life? I find them very relaxing. At the top of the Ferris wheel,
frequently and chased the farmer‘s lambs. The farmer asked his neighbour to you get beautiful sights of the park. You also get a sense of calm that you don‘t
keep his dogs in check but this fell on deaf years. One day the dogs again jumped get in the hustle and bustle of the park below. Additionally, Ferris wheels are also
the fence, attacked and severely injured several of the lambs. The farmer had had gorgeous to look at when they are lit up at night. In fact, the original Ferris wheel
enough, and went to town to consult a judge who listened carefully to the story was designed as much to be seen as to be ridden.
and said, ―I could punish the hunter and instruct him to keep his dogs chained or The first Ferris wheel was made by and named after George Washington Gale
lock them up. But you would lose a friend and gain an enemy. Which would you Ferris, Jr. He designed it for the Chicago World‘s Fair in 1893. It was the tallest
prefer, friend or foe for a neighbour?‖ The farmer replied that he preferred a attraction there, standing 264 feet high. However, visitors to the fair were
friend. ―Alright, I will offer you a solution that keeps your lambs safe, and which impressed by the size of the ride as well as the mechanics of it. In 1893, anything
will keep your neighbour a friend.‖ Having heard the judge‘s solution, the farmer that was not turned by hand was considered a sight to see. And the wheel, which
agreed. was a machine, was truly incredible to see. Most of today‘s Ferris wheels are
Once at home, the farmer immediately put the judge‘s suggestions to the test. much larger than that first one. The largest in the world is the ―Singapore Flyer,‖
He took three of his best lambs and presented them to his neighbour‘s three small which stands slightly taller than twice what Ferris‘s did!
sons, who were beside themselves with joy began to play with them. To protect a) What are the two big rides mentioned in the passage?
his son‘s newly acquired playthings, the hunter built a strong kennel for his dogs. b) What is simple and complex about the Ferris wheel?
Since then, the dogs never again bothered the farmer‘s lambs. Out of gratitude for c) Why is Ferris wheel ride more entertaining?
 d) Who designed Ferris wheel? 8. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. Your
e) When was Ferris wheel designed? answer should be accurate, precise and limited to a word or phrase or a
f) What was the height of Ferris wheel when it was designed first? simple sentence. (May 2023)
g) Why was Ferris wheel considered to be amazing in 1893? Without oil, the modern world could not exist. Oil is needed for travel,
h) Pick the word from the passage that would mean ‗unbelievable‘. because it powers our motor cars, buses, trains, aeroplanes and ships. Oil helps
i) How is it that the Ferris wheel is simple and yet also quite complex? machines of all kinds to run easily. Oil also gives us other substances, such as
j) Describe the construction of a Ferris Wheel. artificial rubber, artificial materials for clothing, and new materials for making
things. Yet till a hundred years ago, no one used oil for any of these purposes. In
7. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. Your fact, no one knew that much oil existed.
answer should be accurate, precise and limited to a word or phrase or a Men do not make oil, they find it. They look for oil in many ways. They
simple sentence. (June/ July 2022) begin by making a map of the land where they are searching. Then they use the
In India, as perhaps in many other countries of the world, trees have been map to help them in choosing a site to explore with more care. They start their
held in veneration since ancient times. Our rishis of yore retired to forests to work by examining the rock from under the surface and come to know whether
mediate and to do penance amidst trees and ―far from the madding crowd.‖ Our oil is likely to be underneath the rock.
forebears loved trees and forests so much so that they even deified and To find out how deeply the oil is buried, they need to know how far under
worshipped them as abodes of Vrikshadevata and Vanadavata. Many of them the surface the rock is. If everything seems hopeful the men decide to drill down
were not cut without good reason. In ancient India, groves of trees and flower through the rock. In this way, they find out whether oil really does lie underneath
gardens were reared with loving care. it. Often this is called ‗test-well‘ which is far away from any town and there is
In ancient Sanskrit literature, there are many references to young maidens much work to do before any drilling starts. Houses and roads must be built for
kicking the Ashoka tree to make it flower. But in fact, the kick can be the people coming to drill the test well. Then the big derrick (crane) that carries
administered by anyone. The method seems to work, though nobody really the drill (machine used for making holes) must be put up. This derrick is a strong
knows why? Some say the kick interrupts the flow of water upwards, triggering a framework of steel about 45 meters high. The drill is raised and lowered from
defense mechanism which causes the tree to flower. In Western countries, people inside the derrick.
beat their walnut trees to encourage them to bear fruit. It is believed that a good Drilling for oil means making a well that goes very deep into the earth.
beating ensures a good crop of walnuts. Like the Ashoka, the walnut too is a tall Such deep wells have never been made until modern times. The rate of drilling
tree. Perhaps all tall trees benefit from a sound beating occasionally. In parts of depends upon the kind of rock being drilled: it can be as fast as 60 meters an
Uttar Pradesh, they resort to another stratagem to get mango trees to flower. If a hour. Drilling is usually done on dry land, but we can also drill the rock under
tree has not given fruit in a particular year, the owner, accompanied by three or lakes or seas by putting the derrick on a special platform above the water.
four friends, walks menacingly towards it with an axe and loudly announces his a) How is oil useful to machines?
intention of cutting down the tree. His friends persuade him not to do so. When b) What other substances does the oil give us?
he has gone, they beat the tree for not giving fruit and advise it to give plenty of c) How do men go about while looking for oil?
fruit the next time if it wants to live. The method is said to give good results. d) What does ‗drilling for oil‘ often means?
a) Why did our rishis retire to forests? e) Where does drilling usually done?
b) Who are referred to as Vrikshadevata and Vanadavata in the passage? f) How are the rocks under lakes or seas drilled?
c) Why are walnut trees beaten in Western countries? g) What is a derrick?
d) Why did the young maidens used to kick the Ashoka tree? h) Pick the word from the paragraph that would mean 'to inspect/investigate
e) How do the mango trees caused to flower in Uttar Pradesh? closely."
f) What is the similarity between Ashoka and Walnut trees? i) Is oil a man-made product or a nature‘s gift?
g) Do you believe that trees can understand human behaviour and actions? j) Write the antonym of the word 'artificial‘.
h) Pick the word from the passage that would mean: suggesting the presence of
danger, a threatening atmosphere.
i) What do you mean by ‗veneration‘?
j) Suggest a suitable title for the passage.
9. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. Your them fresh. They use knives, forks and spoons. One unusual item on their table is
answer should be accurate, precise and limited to a word or phrase or a a pair of scissors. They use the scissors to open the food packages. They can eat
simple sentence. (May 2023) right from the package. They have a kitchen on the spaceship. Its oven can heat
The word rupee comes from the Sanskrit term 'Rupya' or 'Rupa‘ which means the food to 170 degrees centigrade. The astronauts choose their menu before they
silver. The very early coins before the second century BC were all made of silver go into the space. They take a lot of food with them. How do they keep the
but the coins were neither of any standard weight nor had any face or value kitchen clean? How do astronauts keep their trays clean? They pack wet wipes in
printed on them. It was Sher Shah Suri who first gave the name 'rupia' to the plastic bags. They use them to clean trays. So, their kitchen is clean and they stay
silver coins. The last silver coins were minted in 1940 with the face of King healthy.
George VI on them. In 1942 the silver coin was replaced by a cupro-nickel coin a) What is the passage about?
for the first-time. Money was invented by man to get power but now money has b) What are the problems to be solved by the astronauts?
become more powerful than man. All over the world, money and power go c) How did the astronauts take their food to the space earlier?
together. The more money a person has, the more successful he is judged to be. A d) What was wrong with the food they carried earlier?
rich man is accepted by society even if he is corrupt or evil. e) How do the astronauts eat their food nowadays?
Man works hard to earn more and more money and saves a lot of it. He thinks f) How is the food kept fresh by the astronauts now?
that money will give him more freedom to enjoy himself and to have lots of fun. g) How can the astronauts have warm and hot food?
He thinks he will not be anyone's slave but be his own master. But soon he h) The astronauts can have any food they want after going to space. True /
becomes the slave of money. The more he has, the more he wants. He is never False
satisfied with what he has got but always wants something more even though he i) How do the astronauts keep the space kitchen clean?
knows that in the end, he cannot carry anything with him. Money can buy j) Pick a word from the passage that means ‗to clean‘.
everything but it cannot buy peace or happiness or a ticket to heaven.
a) With which material the early coins were made of? 11. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow. Your
b) In which year the cupro-nickel coins came into existence? answers should be accurate, precise and limited to a word or phrase or a
c) What has money become now? simple sentence. (March / April 2024)
d) What is willingly accepted by society from a rich man? Hobbies lead to better physical health, more sleep, lower stress, greater life
e) Why does man earn and save money? satisfaction, a larger social network and improved work performance. "Hobbies
f) What is the man with more money judged to be? live in the pleasure world, not necessarily the mastery world", says Hansel Man.
g) Why is the man not satisfied with the money he has? That resonates with Chris Johnson, recreational wood worker, motorcyclist,
h) What are the things that cannot be bought with money? gardener, cook and runner. He likes riding waves but he knew he can never
i) What is meant by ‗Rupya‘ in Sanskrit? become a master surfer. And so he has taken beekeeping in his backyard which is
j) When were the last silver coins minted? now home to 20,000 honeybees. "If you derive joy from your hobby – it doesn't
matter if it's a board game or beekeeping – I am confident it will make you a
10. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow. Your better person in every aspect of your life," he says.
answers should be accurate, precise and limited to a word or phrase or a Hobbies present an escape – they can help you get out of your head and calm
simple sentence. (March / April 2024) down. Mathew J. Zawadzki researched the connection between leisure and well
Astronauts are people who travel on spaceships. They need to have a very being. He suggests asking yourself how you want an activity make you feel.
clean home. We need clean kitchens everywhere on earth and also in space. Mentally engaged? Distracted? Relaxed? Socially connected? It is also helpful to
Astronauts have to solve two problems: how to get food and how to keep their consider what your life is missing, like creativity or physical activity, "Recognize
spaceship clean. Here is how they solved their food problem. Earlier, the that you have different needs at different moments, and that's OK," he says.
astronauts took tubes of food with them into space. They would squeeze a tube There's no such thing as one perfect hobby.
with semi-liquid food. It didn't taste great but since they didn't need to take dishes a) Mention any two advantages of having a hobby.
or silverware with them, they had no dishes to wash. But today's spaceships have b) Mention any two hobbies of Chris Johnson.
a bigger menu. Astronauts can eat from bowls. In fact, they take cereal and other c) What was the research done by Mathew J. Zawadzki?
standard food with them. The foods are packaged in special containers to keep d) Can we have a perfect hobby? Why?
 e) Pick out the word from the paragraph which means 'riding waves'. 13. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. Your
f) List any two questions you should ask yourself before choosing an activity answer should be accurate, precise and limited to a word or phrase or a
as a hobby. simple sentence. (March / April 2024)
g) Give antonym for the word 'Pleasure'. Pollution means when our environment gets dirty and unsafe. Imagine your
h) What are your hobbies? home getting filled with trash and dust, making you sick. Just like that, the air we
i) Which should be preferred while choosing a hobby: Pleasure or Mastery? breathe in, the water we drink, and the land where we live can become dirty too.
j) Suggest a suitable title to the passage. Air pollution happens when cars and factories release yucky stuff into the air.
It can make us cough and feel unwell. Water pollution is when dirty things go
12. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow. Your into rivers and oceans, making the water unsafe for fish and us. And land
answers should be accurate, precise and limited to a word or phrase or a pollution is when we throw trash on the ground, which can make our soil bad for
simple sentence. (March / April 2024) plants and crops.
What exercise is to the body, reading is to the mind. There are different Noise pollution is when the sounds around us are too loud and unpleasant,
purposes for reading. One of them is deriving pleasure. Children reading for their like loud traffic or noisy machines. It can be annoying and even harm our health.
pleasure rarely stop to ask about the words. They want to get on with the story. If Just like other types of pollution, it can hurt our health and make it hard for us to
the word is important, they can usually make a good guess about what it is. "He concentrate or get a good night's sleep.
drew an arrow from his quiver". Easy to see that a quiver is some sort of gadget Pollution is a big problem, so we need to use less harmful stuff and keep our
to put arrows in. More complicated words they figure out by meeting them in environment clean for a happy, healthy planet.
different contexts. People learn to read well and get a good vocabulary from a) What is pollution?
books, not workbooks or dictionaries. As a kid, I read years ahead of my age, but b) What is air pollution and where does it come from?
I never looked up words in dictionaries and didn't even have a dictionary. In my c) Why is water pollution harmful and how does it happen?
lifetime, I don't believe I have looked at even as many as fifty words - neither d) What is land pollution and how does it affect the environment?
have most good readers. Most people don't know how dictionary are made. Each e) What is noise pollution?
new dictionary starts from scratch. The company making the dictionary employs f) What are the effects of noise pollution?
thousands of 'editors', to whom they give a list of words. The job of the editor is g) Find the word that is similar to Annoying?
to collect as many examples as possible of the ways in which these words are h) Find a word that is the opposite of ‗Unhealthy'.
actually used. They look for the words in books, newspapers and so forth and i) How can we create a healthy planet?
every time they find one, they cut out or copy that particular example. Then after j) Give a suitable title for this passage.
reading these examples, they decide from the context' what the writer in each
case had meant by the words. From these, they make definitions. A dictionary, in 14. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. Your
other words, is a collection of people's opinions about what words mean as other answer should be accurate, precise and limited to a word or phrase or a
people use them. simple sentence: (March/April, 2025)
a) How is reading compared in this passage? Motivation is a multi-faceted force that plays a pivotal role in shaping human
b) Write one of the purposes of reading mentioned in this passage. behavior and achievements. It can originate from various sources, both internal
c) What is the meaning of the word 'quiver' according to the passage? and external, influencing individuals to strive for success. Understanding the
d) What is the best way to acquire good vocabulary according to the author complexities of motivation is crucial for harnessing its power.
of the passage? Intrinsic motivation stems from personal satisfaction and an inherent desire to
e) What is the job of the editors of dictionaries? engage in an activity. When individuals are intrinsically motivated, they find joy
f) Where do the editors look for the words? and fulfillment in the task itself, irrespective of external rewards. For instance,
g) What is the main idea of the passage? someone pursuing a hobby like painting may experience intrinsic motivation,
h) Write the synonym of the word 'context'. driven by the pure enjoyment of the creative process. The autonomy and personal
i) What is a dictionary according to the author? relevance associated with intrinsic motivation make it a potent force in sustaining
j) Write the antonym of the word 'pleasure'. long-term commitment.
Conversely, extrinsic motivation is fueled by external factors such as rewards,
 recognition or consequences. In educational settings, students may be for their preserved ecology and it is a favorite destination for people lover water
extrinsically motivated by grades or the promise of praise from teachers. While sports.
external incentives can provide a temporary boost, their effectiveness may a) What is meaning of the name Lakshadweep?
diminish over time. Striking a balance between intrinsic and extrinsic motivators b) Which city is known as the emerald of the Arabian Sea?
is often key to maintaining sustained enthusiasm and dedication. c) Who provide telecommunications to Agatti islands?
Setting goals is a powerful strategy to channel motivation towards specific d) Pick a word from the passage which means: 'protected.'
objectives. Goals create a framework for individuals to direct their efforts and e) How can we reach Lakshadweep?
measure progress. In the professional realm, an employee striving for a f) What is the ideal time to visit the islands?
promotion may set intermediate goals like acquiring new skills or completing g) What makes the Lakshadweep mystique?
projects successfully. The process of setting, pursuing and achieving goals not h) For whom are the Lakshadweep islands a favorite destination?
only propels individuals forward but also enhances their self-efficacy and i) What is the total area of the Lakshadweep?
resilience in the face of challenges. j) How many islands are uninhabited among all the islands of Lakshadweep?
a) Define motivation.
b) What is intrinsic motivation? ~ o0o ~
c) Provide an example for the Intrinsic Motivation.
d) What do you mean by Extrinsic Motivation?
e) How might someone's commitment differ when motivated intrinsically
versus extrinsically?
f) How does a person get motivated extrinsically? Give an example.
g) Why do we maintain a balance between intrinsic and extrinsic motivators?
h) How does motivation help us in setting goals?
i) What do you mean by the word 'resilience'? / ALL THE BEST /
j) Pick the word from the passage that would mean as 'to reduce /vanish the
significance.'
Feel free to contact for queries and suggestions: -
15. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. Your
answer should be accurate, precise and limited to a word or phrase or a [Link] BABU
simple sentence: (March/April, 2025) L/ENGLISH
Lakshadweep is an archipelago of 36 islands with an area of 32 sq km. It is a GPT- PRODDATUR
union territory best known for its exotic and sun-kissed beaches and lush green
landscape. The name Lakshadweep in Malayalam and Sanskrit means 'a hundred
thousand islands. The capital is Kavaratti and it is also the principal town of the [Link]
UT. All Islands are 220 to 440 km away from the coastal city of Kochi in Kerala, L/ENGLISH
the emerald of the Arabian Sea. The islands are well connected by regular flights GPT -PRODDATUR
from Kochi. Helicopter rides are also available to travel among the islands.
Lakshadweep has a tropical climate. Generally, the climate is humid, warm and
pleasant April and May are the hottest months with an average temperature of
32°C. October to March is the ideal time to visit the islands.
Only BSNL and Airtel provide telecommunication services to Lakshadweep
Islands. BSNL provides connectivity in all 10 inhabited islands whereas Airtel
provides connectivity to Kavaratti and Agatti islands. The natural landscapes, the
coral reefs, the sandy beaches, abundance of flora and fauna and the absence of a
Special THANKS…. For compiling the data
rushed lifestyle enhance the mystique of Lakshadweep. The islands are known [Link] THEJA
S.L/ENGLISH
GPT NELLORE