José Rizal Reviewer for Licensure Examination for Professional Teachers
I. Introduction to José Rizal
1. Biography:
Full Name: José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda
Birth: June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna, Philippines
Death: December 30, 1896, in Manila, Philippines
Education: Ateneo Municipal de Manila (Bachelor’s Degree in Arts), University of Santo Tomas
(Medicine), Universidad Central de Madrid (Medicine and Philosophy)
2. Historical Context:
Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines
Major historical events during Rizal's lifetime
II. Major Works of José Rizal
1. Noli Me Tangere (1887)
Plot Overview: A novel depicting the social injustices and corruption in Philippine society under Spanish
rule.
Major Characters: Crisostomo Ibarra, Maria Clara, Elias, Padre Damaso
Themes: Colonial oppression, social reform, and the quest for justice
2. El Filibusterismo (1891)
Plot Overview: A sequel to Noli Me Tangere, this novel explores more radical ideas and the quest for
revolution against oppressive authorities.
Major Characters: Simoun, Basilio, Isagani, Padre Florentino
Themes: Revolutionary fervor, societal corruption, and the struggle for independence
3. Mi Último Adios (My Last Farewell)
Description: A poignant farewell poem written by Rizal shortly before his execution. It reflects his
patriotism and hopes for Philippine freedom.
Significance: Symbol of Rizal’s dedication to his country and his ultimate sacrifice for Philippine
independence.
III. Rizal’s Contributions to Education
1. Educational Philosophy:
Advocacy for Reform: Rizal championed educational reforms, emphasizing the importance of education
in national development.
Establishment of Schools: He was instrumental in setting up schools and promoting education among
Filipinos.
2. La Liga Filipina (The Philippine League)
Purpose: An organization founded by Rizal to promote social reforms and national unity.
Activities: Advocated for the rights and education of Filipinos, fought against Spanish oppression.
IV. Rizal’s Political and Social Views
**1. Political Reforms:
Advocated for political and social reforms in the Philippines.
Criticized the Spanish colonial government and the church’s influence over Filipino life.
**2. Social Reforms:
Promoted the idea of equal rights and the abolition of oppressive systems.
Supported economic development and cultural preservation.
V. Significance in Philippine History
**1. Legacy:
Rizal is considered a national hero for his role in the fight for Philippine independence and his
contributions to the development of Filipino identity and nationalism.
His writings and ideas continue to influence Philippine education and national consciousness.
**2. Commemoration:
Rizal’s life and works are celebrated annually on Rizal Day, December 30.
Statues, monuments, and institutions are named in his honor throughout the Philippines and abroad.
VI. Sample Questions for Review
1. What are the major themes of José Rizal’s novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo?
2. Describe the significance of Mi Último Adios in the context of Rizal’s life and martyrdom.
3. How did Rizal’s educational reforms contribute to the national development of the Philippines?
4. Discuss Rizal’s views on the role of the church and the Spanish government in Philippine society.
5. What were the main objectives of the La Liga Filipina and how did they align with Rizal’s vision for the
Philippines?