Brusov State University

COURSE PAPER
The semantic pecularities of English phrasalogical units with colour terms and their
Armenian counter parts.

Faculty : RFL

3rd year ,5th group

Student: Grigoryan Rosa

Supervisor: Lilit Abrahamyan

Yerevan 2022

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1
Introduction

In linguistics, phraseology is the study of set or fixed expressions, such as idioms,

phrasal verbs, and other types of multi-word lexical units (often collectively
referred to as phrasemes), in which the component parts of the expression take
on a meaning more specific than, or otherwise not predictable from, the sum of
their meanings when used independently..
Thus, the main objectives of the given course paper are:To give a brief survey of
different views upon the phrasalogical units with colour terms ,
to analyze the main semantic pecularities of English phrasalogical unit and their
Armenian counter [Link] units with colour terms form the main
material of the given research.
This course paper consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion and
references. In the introduction we touch upon the aim and the principle tasks of
the present research, as well as the structure of the paper.
In the first chapter we deal with famous linguistics approaches to proverb studies
representing various definitions of phrasalogical units with colour terms . We also
study their characteristic features, analyze their role in our life.
In the second chapter we analyze the semantic pecularities of English
phrasalogical units . We compare English phrasalogical units some of them had
their counter parts in the opposite language and some of them have not .
We carry out our task on the basis of several bilingual parallel [Link]
touch upon comparison of phrasalogical units , discussing each of them in
[Link] conclusion of the present course paper summarizes the general results
of the fulfilled [Link] list of the books used in the given course paper is
provided in references.

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Chapter 1

Theoretical assumptions on phraseology and phraseological units .

Phraseology is one of the sources of vocabulary enlargement and enrichment. It

is the most colourful part of vocabulary system, and it describes the peculiar
vision of the world by this speaking community. It reflects the history of the
nation, the customs and traditions of the people speaking the language.

Phraseology forms a special subsystem in the vocabulary system. The units of

thesubsystem are called differently: phraseological units, phraseologisms, set
expressions, idioms. The classification which will be distributed here is found on
the fact that phraseology is regarded as a self-contained branch of linguistics and
not as a part of lexicology.

Phraseological units are not modeled according to regular linguistic patterns, they
are reproduced ready-made, e.g., to read between the lines, a hard nut to crack.
Each phraseological unit represents a word group with a unique combination of
components, which make up a single specific meaning. The integral meaning of
the phraseological units is not just a combination of literal meanings of the
components. The meaning is not distributed between the components and is not
reduced to the mere sum of their meanings.

Phraseological units are defined as stable word groups with a specialized

meaning of the [Link] meaning can be partially or completely transferred.
Some features are usually stressed by this definition: Stability, the basic quality
of all phraseological units. The usage of phraseological units is not subject to free
variations, and grammatical structure of phraseological units is also stable to a
certain extent, e.g., we say "red tape", but not "red tapes". Phraseological
meaning may be motivated by the meaning of components, but not confined.
Stability makes phraseological units more similar to words, rather than free word
combinations. Correct understanding of the units depends on the background
information. Idiomaticity, the quality of a phraseological unit, when the meaning
of the whole is not deducible from the sum of the meanings of the parts.

Reproducibility is a regular use of phraseological units in speech as single

unchangeable [Link] lexicology opinions differ as to how phraseology
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should be defined, classified, described, and analysed. The word "phraseology"
has very different meanings in this country and in Great Britain or the United
States. In linguistic literature the term is used for the expressions where the
meaning of one element is dependent on the other, irrespective of the structure
and properties of the unit (V.V. Vinogradov); with other authors it denotes only
such set expressions which do not possess expressiveness or emotional colouring
(A.I. Smirnitsky), and also vice versa: only those that are imaginative, expressive
and emotional (IV. Arnold) N.N. Amosova calls such expressions fixed context
units, i.e., units in which it is impossible to substitute any of the components
without changing the meaning not only of the whole unit, but also of the
elements that remain intact. O.S. Ahmanova insists on the semantic integrity of
such phrases prevailing over the structural separateness of their elements. A.V.
Koonin lays stress on the structural separateness of the elements in a
phraseological unit, on the change of meaning in the whole as compared with its
elements taken separately and on a certain minimum stability. In English and
American linguistics no special branch of study exists, and the term
"phraseology" has a stylistic meaning, according to Webster's dictionary 'mode of
expression, peculiarities of diction, i.e., choice and arrangement of words and
phrases characteristic of some author or some literary work'.

As far as semantic motivation is concerned phraseological units are extremely

varied from motivated, e.g., black dress, to partially motivated, e.g., to have
broad shoulders or to demotivated like tit for tat, red tape. (Lexical and
grammatical stability of phraseological units is displayed by the fact that no
substitution of any elements is possible in the stereotyped set expressions, which
differ in many other respects; all the world and his wife, red tape, calf love, heads
or tails, first night, to gild the pill, to hope for the best, busy as a bee, fair and
square, stuff and non sense, time and again, to and from). In a free phrase the
semantic correlative ties are fundamentally different.

The information is additive and each element has a much greater semantic
independence. Each component may be substituted without affecting the
meaning of the other: cut bread, cut cheese, eat bread. Information is additive in
the sense that the amount of information we had on receiving the first signal, i.e.,
having heard or read the word cut, is increased, the listener obtains further

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details and learns what is cut. The reference of cut is unchanged. Every notional
word can form additional syntactic ties with other words outside the expression.
In a set expression the information furnished by each element is not additive:
actually it does not exist before we get the whole. No substitution for either cut or
figure can be made without completely ruining the following: I had an uneasy fear
that he might cut a poor figure beside all these clever Russian officers (Shaw). He
was not managing to cut much of a figure (Murdoch).

[Link]
phraseological-units

The vocabulary of the English language consists of words and, so called, words
equivalents which are not created by speakers but used as ready-made linguistic
units. Such units are primarily characterized by the contradiction which exists
between the semantic integrity of the whole and the formal independence of its
parts. It is very difficult to establish a sharp boundary between free word-
combinations which are generated by the speaker in the process of speech and
phraseological units used as ready-made. As a rule, it can be shown that there
are different degrees of ‘setness’, or different degree of restrictions. This is the
subject of investigation of phraseology but some of these theoretical aspects are
very important for foreign language teaching. In speech phraseological units have
connotations related to emotions and appraisals. Connotation is determined only
by social, ideological attitude of a speaker, therefore an appraisal component of
such connotation has a subjective nature. Knowing English phraseological units,
proverbs and sayings enriches students’ vocabulary and helps them to realize
figurative system of English, lambent English humour and broadens their lingua
cultural competence. [[Link]

The vocabulary of a language is enriched not only by words but also by

phraseological units. In linguistics, phraseology describes the context in which a
word is used. This often includes typical usages and sequences, such as idioms,
phrasal verbs, and multi-word lexical units.

The aim of the current article is to analyze the etymological peculiarities of

phraseological units with colour terms in English and Armenian. Hence, in order
to present the etymological survey of phraseological units with colour terms in

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the languages under study, it is essential to take a closer look at the terms
phraseology and phraseological units.

Continued intelligent devotion to the problems of phraseology of such scholars as

N. Amosova, A. Koonin and many others has turned phraseology into a linguistic
discipline. All these authors use the same word "phraseology" to denote the
branch of linguistics studying the word - groups they have in mind. In

Mieder's estimation phraseology is a branch of linguistics which deals with all

kinds of formulaic language and phrasal collocations (a regular combination ot
words). It is therefore undoubtedly a wide-ranging term [Mieder, 1993:13].

Phraseology is a domain of linguistic study which to a high degree illustrates the

correlation between language and culture. In a typological approach, it is
necessary to define and classify the types of cultural information which are
illuminated by lexical collocations [Cowie, 1998:55]. One of the ways of enriching
the English phraseology is the formation of new phraseological units from the
existing ones, when a new phraseological unit arises in the language as a result
of the isolation of the components of the existing phraseological unit. Proverbs
being phraseological units serve as a source of phraseological derivation, i.e. they
give birth to new phraseological units. The number of the phraseological units
formed from proverbs is rather large.

From 1. Arnold's point of view in Russian linguistic literature the term

"phraseology" has come to be used for the whole ensemble of expressions where
the meaning of one element is dependent on the other, irrespective of the
structure and properties of the unit (ApA, 1986: 160].

Thus, the scholarly term phraseology serves as an umbrella or generic term fur
sayings, proverbs, idiomatic expressions, set phrases, truisms, aphoristi
quotations, and other metaphorical phrases and suchlike.

According to A. Koonin phraseological units are stable word – groups with partially
or fully transferred meanings. The scholar goes on to state that phraseological
units are word-groups that cannot be made in the process of speech, they exist in
the language as ready-made units. They are compiled in special dictionaries. Like

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words phraseological units express a single notion and are used in a sentence as
one part of it (Koonin, 2005).

American and British lexicographers call such units "idioms". From R Glayzer's
point of view phraseological unit is a lexicalized, reproducible bilexemic or
polylexemic word group in common use, which has relative syntactic and
semantic stability, may be idiomatized, may carry connotations, and may have an
emphatic or intensifying function in a text [Glayzer, 1998:125).

It is common knowledge that colour terms have formed the major part of the
word - stock of any language since ancient times. Colour terms give specific
colouring to lexical units. With the help of colour terms people express their
feelings, emotions and wishes, their attitude, as well as their characteristic
features.

In different languages colour terms wonderfully style the speech. Their main
semantic function is to show a colour. It is noteworthy that colour terms have
another peculiarity as well: the colour terms of different languages do not
coincide and very often can have different symbolic nature. There are many
phraseological units with colour terms in English and Armenian.

The basic colour terms used in English and Armenian phraseological units are
white, black, red, green, blue. These colour terms have the following
characteristics:

a)they are distinguished through visual perception

b)they are used frequently

c) they are widely used in phraseological units

d) they are widely used in word-formation.

In a language it is rooted the whole collective memory, traditions, customs and

culture thus it is portrayed the whole human being. A certain language is the best
bearer of the society stereo- type in a community and the best tool for its
reconstruction (Rrokaj 2007). The word is a fundamental unit in the linguistic
structure which helps humans to express themselves in a creative way. Far from
being a static repository of memorized information, a human vocabulary is a
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dynamic system. We can add words and ready-made chunks of words into our
vocabulary. In terms of communicative competence, all words and phrases help
in the fluency when speaking a certain language. In terms of cultural
competence, the learner should be integrated into a particular culture in order to
use word and phrases accurately and effectively. The acquisition of a formulaic,
phraseological competence is somewhat different from the mastery of other
components of communicative language proficiency in that formulaic language is
so closely linked to the everyday reality of the target language culture that it
cannot be learnt effectively unless the learner integrates, at least partly, into the
particular culture (Dorney 2004). Phraseological units were considered an
arbitrary phenomenon and their meanings as unpredictable in a language. In the
past the only way to learn these phraseological units was to memorize them, a
way which made students less attracted towards the figurative language.
Meanwhile nowadays new insights to cognitive science in linguistic theory show
more appealing pedagogical approaches to figurative idioms. Firstly, the
language was considered as a list of words which act according to the grammar
rules. Phraseological units did not fit here and they were considered as a
problematic issue of a language. Later on this concept was replaced by a more
realistic one where language is seen as a continuum from simple units to more
complex ones (Langacker 1991). Mastering ready- made chunks help learners
produce fluent language and a have a better understanding and be integrated
into their culture and psychology.

Secondly, idioms are present in everyday language and the figurative expressions
such as metaphor is not considered just as an optional ornament figurative
expression but they also help us in understanding the meaning of many idioms as
Lankoff and Johnson (1980) say “ describing some idioms it is very difficult
without resorting to metaphor”.

We must employ etymological reasoning as a tool in interpreting data of actual

linguistic usage, in order to establish a coherent world history. This will
necessarily involve analysis of both change in word form and change in word
meaning. What is suggested to foreign language learners in order to help them to
comprehend and remember figurative.

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Idioms by raising their awareness of the literal origins or source domains of these
expressions. This technique is called etymological elaboration. Information about
the origin of an idiom often enables learners to figure out their idiomatic meaning
independently, and that giving learners explanations about the origin of
etymologically opaque idioms can have the same mnemonic effect as applying
this technique to transparent idioms.

What would be helpful in our study would be the classification of phraseological

units according to the degree of motivation.

[Link]

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Chapter 2

Contrastive semantic analysis of English and Armenian phrasalogical units with

colour terms.

The aim of the given chapter is to analyse English and Armenian phrasalogical
units with colour terms from the semantic point of view.

In Armenian the colour term “black” used in phrasalogical

units has the following meanings.

Սև աղվես դառնալ – հազվադեպ երևալ , գալ դժվարությամբ ճարվել :

 Տեր Աստված, Ռուբեն , սև աղվես ես դարձել , վաղուց չես երևացել :

In this sentence the color term black means rarity .So this animals are exteremely
rare and this helps understand the subcounscious of the speaker.

Սև էշին նստեցնել – խայտառակ անել :

 Սպասի’ր , տե’ս ես քեզ սև քշին եմ նստեցնելու :

Սև սատանա – չար խորամանկ , բանսարկու:

 Ինչքան հեռու մնաս այդ սև սատանայից , այնքան լավ : Նա ում ուզես

կխաբի :

In this phrase the colour term black helps to amplifie the vile meaning of evil .

Գրի սևն ու սպիտակը ջոկել – շատ թե քիչ գրաճանաչ լինել :

 Օհան պապը դեռ էն տարիներից շատ թե քիչ գրի սևն ու սպիտակը

ջոկել է :

In this phrase the colour term black means the written words which the person is
able to read and the white is the blank paper. And this shows the skills and
acquaintance of literate . And there is an antonym phrase in Armenian which
means to be not literate.

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Օրը սև ու մութ անել – կյանքը թշվառության մեջ անցկացնել:

 Նրա պատճառով օրս սև ու մութ եղավ:

This phrase helps us to clarify the message of the sepaker , here the colour term
black shows misery and misfortune .

Սև շուկա – գաղտնի վաճառքի շուկա , պաշտոնական վերահսկոություն

չենթարկվող շուկա:

 Սև շուկայում ուղեղը թանկ է լինում միայն, եթե առաջարկվում է հայտնի

մարդու ուղեղ կամ հազվագյուտ պաթոլոգիայով՝
ուսումնասիրությունների համար:

Black market - an illegal traffic or trade in officially controlled or scarce products .

 During the war they bought food on the black market.

As we know there are whithe and black markets in the world. White market is a
legal market which is officialy controled and the next one is illegal . So here the
colour therm black shows us the illegality of the concept we have .

Սև մարմին- դրսից իր մեջ ընկնող և բոլոր ճառագայթները կլանող և միայն

սեփական ջերմաստիճանից կախված ջերմային համակարգ:

 Ֆիզիկոս Շելլենը Վոլֆրամի լամպն օգտագործեց սև մարմինների

փորձերի ժամանակ :

Black body - An ideal body or surface that completely absorbs all radiant energy.

Example: Two of the assumptions used to obtain the rules of blackbody radiation
provide loopholes.

 Սև քվե – քվեարկություն` դեմ

Բամբասում էին Մաթևոս բեյի այդ պակաս կողմը և պատրասվում էին նոր
ընտրություններին սև քվե տալ: (Ակսել Բակունց)

Black / ball - to vote against allowing someone to be a member of an organization

or group.
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  Example : Is it going to be sent round to see whether anybody is going to
"blackball" it?

In this phrase the colour term black has negative value and shows rejection , and
here we use it in order to add some refusal on our speech .

Սև ակնոցով նայել – հոռետեսորեն (նայել, քննել)

 Ամեն ինչ նա տեսնում է ծուռ հայելու մեջ, ամեն ինչին նայում է սև

ակնոցով։

Look through the blue glasses – To have a pessimistic view of something.

 Don't look through blue glasses, Stacy! You have several chances ahead!
[[Link] dicitionary 2019-2021 Copyright]

Here the colour term black shows the way someone look at something especially
at life . In Armenian there is an phrase “վարդագույն ակնոցով նայել” and this
is the opposite phrase of the one showed above .

Ածուխի պես սև - գերազանցապես մարդու ձեռքերի, դեմքի , հագուստի

մասին

Black as 1. coal/ink/as the ace of spades [Link] as night/ as hell/ as pitch

So we noticed that in Armenian the coulour term black is used in order to show
features such us dishonour , evil , scarcity , misery , illegality , negativity ,
pessimism and darkness. The first 5 phrases are Armenian phrases whith the
colour term black which have not their equivalent phrases in English , but the
following 5 ones have their equivalent phrases in English with the same colour
term .

In English the colour term blue used in phrasalogical units

has the following meanings.

Between the devil and the deep blue sea – to have two choices that are both
equally unpleasant or not convenient (Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary
and Thesaurus , Cambridge University Press 2022) Երկու կրակի արանքում – ո’չ

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այս, ո’չ այն: [Ա. Հ.Նազարյան «Անգլերեն դարձվածքների ուսումնական
համառոտ բառարան,Երևան,2000թ.»] :Օրինակ. Այդպես երկու կրակի
արանքում էր, ընդուներ՝ մի ցավ, չնդուներ՝ մի ուրիշ ցավ ։ [Հակոբ Օշական]

 The pirates had to fight and be killed or give up and be hanged ;they were
between the devil and the deep blue see.

Blue-eyed boy- a boy or man who is liked very much and is treated well by
someone, especially someone in authority (մեկի սիրելին, սիրեցյալ,
հովանավորյալ). (Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary and Thesaurus ,
Cambridge University Press 2022)

 Example: She was a good mother to us all but there was no blinkingthe fact
that George was her blue-eyed boy .

In this phrase the colour term blue is used to express something different and
[Link] boy who is blue-eyed is someone different from a group of boys with
another colour of eyes. And also this makes a persone likely and lovely.

Blue stocking - an intelligent and well-educated woman who spends most of her
time studying and is therefore not approved of by some men .(Cambridge
Advanced Learner's Dictionary and Thesaurus , Cambridge University Press
2022) ( Կանացիությունից և հմայքից զուրկ կին , որ միայն գրական ,
գիտական հետաքրքրություննոր ունի) [Ա. Հ.Նազարյան «Անգլերեն
դարձվածքների ուսումնական համառոտ բառարան,Երևան,2000թ.»]

 Example: His sister is a blue stocking:She is a learned woman but devoid of

feminine charm.

Give somebody the blues –give somebody a feeling of sadness or depression

[“The blues.” [Link] Dictionary, Merriam-Webster,
[Link] Accessed 26 Mar.
2022. ] -տխրություն , թախիծ, տաղտկություն պատճառել: մեկին : [Անգլերեն-
հայերեն դարձվածաբանական բառարան : 5194 դարձված / Ս.Ս. Սեֆերյան,
Լ.Վ. Հովհաննիսյան, Ա.Ա. Լազարյան.]

 Example: After looking my family car in such a terrible condition, it gave me

blues .

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Cry/shout blue murder – to scream, yell, or complain in avery loud or angry
way[“The blues.” [Link] Dictionary, Merriam-Webster,
[Link] Accessed 26 Mar.
2022. ] .Գոռալ, բղավել կամ բողոքել շատ բարձր կամ զայրացած ձևով:
[Անգլերեն-հայերեն դարձվածաբանական բառարան : 5194 դարձված / Ս.Ս.
Սեֆերյան, Լ.Վ. Հովհաննիսյան, Ա.Ա. Լազարյան.]

 Example : Why do they always cry blue murder when there is no need for it
at all?

Կապույտ ածուխ – քամու էներգիա

 Մեր օրերում կապույտ ածուխ օգտագործելու շատ ծրագրեր են

կազմվում:

In English the colour term ”green” used in phrasalogical

units has the following meanings.

Կանաչի ընկնել – 1. գարնանամուտին սկսել արածել

 Տավարը նոր է կանաչի ընկել:

2. ստամոքսի խանգարում ստանալ

 Էս տավարը կանաչի է ընկել, մի քանի օր չոր խոտ տվեք:

Կանաչ ու կտրիճ արևի տակից զրկվել – վաղաժամ մահանալ :

The green eyed monster – to be jeleous about someone .

 It is a green eyed monster which doth mock.

See green in someones eyes - Do you see any green in my eye ? –Միթ~ե ինձ
այդքան միամիտ ես կարծում :

In English the colour term ”red" used in

phrasalogical units has the following meanings.

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Կարմիր թել կապել – նշանել :

 Որորշեցին հենց առաջին կիրակի օրը աղջկա վիզը կարմիր թել կապել :

Կարմիր նոխտա կապել – նշան դնել :

 Գնացին ու նրա տղին կարմիր նոխտա կապեցին

Կարմիր-կանաչը կապել – 1. ամուսնացնել

 Իրեն կանաչ-կարմիրն էլ թող էսպես կապենք բախտավոր:

- 2.ծիածանել

 Անձրևից հետո երկինքը կանաչ-կարմիր կապեց:

Կարմիր արև - 1. գեղեցիկ պայծառ արեգակ

 Բարև, բարև կարմիր արև , Ա~խ, ինչ լավ է դեպի վերև…

-2. բախտավոր կյանք ,հույս:

 Ճիշտ եմ ասում ես արևդ վկա :

Take/catch sb. red-handed – to discover someone while they are doing

something bad or illegal.

 He was caught red-handed taking money from the till.

Be like a red rag to a bull – to be certain to produce an angry or violent

reaction ,բարկության կամ բուռն արձագանքի շարժառիթ

 Don't tell him you're a vegetarian - it's like a red rag to a bull.

Not a red cent - no money at all ,բացարձակ փողի բացակայություն

 It turns out his paintings aren't worth a red cent.

In English the colour term “yellow” used in phrasalogical

units has the following meanings.

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Follow the yellow brick road - To proceed along some path or course of action
believed to lead to success or adventure. , գնալ դեպի արկածների կամ
հոգատարության տանող ճանապարհով:

 Jenna took the internship thinking that she was following the yellow brick
road to her dream job

Have a yellow streak down (one's) back - To have a tendency to be cowardly or

easily frightened , հակված լինել վախկետ լինելուն կամ հեշտությամբ
վախենալ:

 He knew what they were doing was wrong, but he has a yellow streak down
his back that kept him from intervening.

Wear yellow stockings - to be jealous , խանդոտ կամ նախանձկոտ լինել

 It certainly seems that Henry is wearing yellow stockings now that Lucy has
arrived on the arm of Lord Francis.

Yellow-bellied chicken - an extremely cowardly person , չափազանց վախկոտ

մարդ :

 Tom likes to think he's this champion of political causes, but he's too much
of a yellow-bellied chicken to defend his beliefs in public.

[<a
href="[Link]
w the yellow brick road</a> ] [ [Link]
[Link] ]

Դեփ դեղին կտրել – դժգունել , գունատվել հիվանդությունից

 Նա վաղից դեփ դեղին կտրեց երբ Մամփրեն ներս մտավ :

Դեղին տուն - հոգեբուժարան , psychiatric hospital

 Եվ ես փախչում էի ... հաստատ համոզված, որ վաղ թե ուշ հերթն ինձ է

հասնելու մութ «դեղին տանն» հյուր լինելու։

Դեղին մետաղ – ոսկի , gold

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  Երկու մեծ պետությունների միջև դեղին ոոսկին հոսում է ջրի պես :

In English the colour term yellow mainily has the meaning of being coward or
being jealous , in Armenian the there are a few phrasalogical units with the colour
term yellow and they has a menaing of being sik , ill or being bright .

Conclusion

Summing up the given chapter we came to the conclusion that

In concluding our term paper we would like to sum up and present our
observations gained as a result of the analysis of the semantic peculiarities of
phraseological units with colour terms. Thus, the concluding points involved in

17
the research are the following: • The scholarly term phraseology serves as an
umbrella or generic term for idioms, idiomatic expressions, set phrases, truisms,
aphoristic quotations, sayings, proverbs and other metaphorical phrases and
suchlike. And yet, the scholarly literature holds conflicting views on how the
above-mentioned terms may be defined and classified. • The study of the
semantic peculiarities of phraseological units in English and Armenian allows us
to conclude that there are certain similarities and differences in the meanings of
phraseological units with color terms in the languages under study. • The
knowledge of these differences and similarities of phraseological units with color
terms in English and Armenian helps learners of English and Armenian to
recognize the differences of the meaning caused by the color terms used in
phraseological units in both languages. • It is noteworthy that as a result of our
research we differentiate the following color terms used in phraseological units:
“black”, “ white”, “red”, “blue”, “green”. • The contrastive semantic analysis of
the color term “black” in English and Armenian phraseological units shows that
only in Armenian the color term “black” is used as a symbol of envy and treason.
• It is noteworthy that as a symbol of “innocence, “kindness” and “old age” the
color term “white” is used both in English and Armenian. • Only in Armenian, the
color term “red” is used in the meaning of “marriage”, whereas in English the
color term “red” expresses the meaning of “having a debt” and “courage”. •
Thus, the fulfilled research shows that there exist certain similarities and
differences in the meanings of phraseological units expressed by the above-
mentioned color terms in English and Armenian.

1. REFERENCES

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2. Ghazaryan, H. (2009). The Semantic Field of Phraseological Units
Expressing Kindness and Malice in Armenian, Russian and
English. Armenian Folia Anglistika, 159–166.
3. «Հայերեն դարձվածքների ընդարձակ բացատրական
բառարան» ;Պետրոս Սարգսի Բեդիրյան; Երեւանի Պետական
Համալսարանի Հրատարակչություն; Երեւան, 2011։
4. Ղազարյան Հ. Զ. Գունանիշ բաղադրիչներով դարձվածքները
հայերենում, ռուսերենում և անգլերենում, Երևան, Ճարտարագետ,
2004:

5. Գրիգորյան Ս., Հայերենի գունանունները և նրանց լեզվաոճական արժեքը,

Երևան, «Նաիրի», 1998:
6. Кунин А. Курс фразеологии современного английского языка. Дубна:
Феникс, 2
7. “Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, E. Cobham Brewer,1894” - [5]
8. “Random House Unabridged Dictionary, Copyright ,1997”- [9]
9. “Merriam-Webster Dictionary”
[Link] Accessed 27 Mar.
2022. - [15][24][26][28][48],[52-55],[60],[63]
10. “ Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus , Cambridge
University Press 2022” - [1 ][3] [11] [ 17 ] [19][21] [31][57],[59],
11. “ Collins English dictionary ” (2020)- [62]
12. Ghazaryan, H. (2009). The Semantic Field of Phraseological Units
Expressing Kindness and Malice in Armenian, Russian and English.
Armenian Folia Anglistika, 159–166.

13. LINKS
14. [Link]
15. [Link]
16. [Link]
statya_Byjyk__Arsenteva_E.F.__Med_N._G..pdf
17. ttps://[Link]/follow+the+yellow+brick+road">
[Link]
[Link]
18. [Link]
19. [Link]

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20. DICTIONARIES
21. Nazaryan A.H. Illustrated dictionary of English Proverbs and sayings (with
Russian & Armenian translations and equivalents), Erevan, 1999
22. Oxford dictionary of English Idioms, Oxford Univ. Press, 1998

23. Աղայան Էդ., Արդի հայերենի բացատրական բառարան, հատ. 1-2,

«Հայաստան» հրատ., Երևան, 1976:
24. Մալխասյանց Ս., Հայերեն բացատրական բառարան, հատ. 1-4,
«Հայպետհրատ», Երևան, 1944:

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