Windows and Linux
Operating Systems
History Of Windows
✘It’s the 1970s. At work, we rely on typewriters.
✘A two young computer enthusiasts, Bill Gates
and Paul Allen, see that personal computing is a
path to the future.
History Of Windows
✘In 1975, Gates and Allen form a partnership called
Microsoft.
✘•Like most start-ups, Microsoft begins small, but
has a huge vision—a computer on every desktop
and in every home.
History Of Windows
✘MS DOS is effective, but also proves difficult ‑ to
understand for many people. There has to be a
better way to build an operating system.
Trivia: MS DOS stands for Microsoft Disk Operating
System.
The dawn of MS DOS
‑
✘In June 1980, Gates and Allen hire Gates’ former
Harvard classmate Steve Ballmer to help run the
company.
✘The next month, IBM approaches Microsoft
about a project code-named "Chess."
The dawn of MS DOS
‑
✘I n r e s p o n s e , M i c r o s o f t f o c u s e s o n a n e w
operating system—the software that manages, or
runs, the computer hardware and also serves to
bridge the gap between the computer hardware
and programs, such as a word processor.
The dawn of MS DOS
‑
✘It’s the foundation on which computer programs
can run. They name their new operating system
"MS DOS."
Windows 1.0
Windows 1.0
A 16-bit graphical operating system environment
released on November 20, 1985
Windows 2.0
✘Released after two (2) years of version 1.0 (1987)
✘First Windows version of MS Word and Excel
Windows 2.1
✘Under version 2.0
✘December 28, 1987- May 27, 1988
✘Less than a year after the release of
Windows/286 2.1 and Windows/386 2.1 were
released on May 27, 1988
Windows 3.0
✘Third major release of MS Windows
✘First successful OS
✘A powerful rival to Apple Mac and the
Commodore Amigaonthe GUI front
Windows 3.0
Windows 3.1
✘•The OS that superseded Windows 3.0
✘Only an update to the first Windows OS under
version 3.0
✘April 1992
✘First Windows OS uses Windows Logo (Flying
Windows Logo)
Windows for Workgroup 3.1
✘First used in networking
✘October 1992
✘Features native networking support
✘Has given the codename “Kato”
Windows NT 3.1
✘First release of OS of server and business
desktop OS
✘July 27, 1993
✘First CLI (with black background, white text)
Windows NT 3.1
✘First release of OS of server and business
desktop OS
✘July 27, 1993
✘First CLI (with black background, white text)
Windows for Workgroups 3.11
✘December 1993
✘Originally codenamed “Snow ball”
✘The update for the first Windows for Workgroups
✘First OS that uses Internet Connection/
International Network
Windows NT Workstation 3.5
✘Second release of the Microsoft Windows NT OS
✘used for workstation / client computers
✘September 21, 1994
Goals- to increase the speed of the OS; as a result,
the project was given the codename “Daytona” in
reference to Daytona International Speedway
Windows NT 3.51
✘Third release of MS Windows NT line of OS
✘“Cairo” •May 30, 1995
✘ nine (9) months after 3.5
Windows 95
✘Windows 4.0
✘International codename “Chicago” (Illinois)
✘Consumer-oriented GUI-based OS
✘August 24, 1995
✘Fourth major release
✘First Internet Explorer released
✘Easy to install hardware and software on this Window
✘Also offered enhanced
✘multimedia capabilities, more powerful features for more
mobile computing and integrated networking
Windows NT 4.0
✘with Internet Explorer
✘•Fourth release of Microsoft’s Windows NT Line of
Operating Systems
✘released to manufacturing on July 29, 1996
✘32-bit Windows system available in both workstation and
server editions with graphical environment similar to that of
Windows 95
✘Taskbar and start menu
✘First browser- Netscape Communication
Windows 98
✘Formerly known as Windows 97
✘Codenamed as “Memphis” •Graphical OS released on June
25, 1998 by Microsoft
✘Successor to Windows 95
✘It describes as an OS that “Works better, Plays Better”
✘First Windows designed for consumers
✘Users could find information more easily in their PC as
well as the Internet
✘First have options for searching for files and folders
✘Improvement included the ability to open and close
application quickly, support for reading DVD disc and for
USB
Windows 98
Windows 98 SE (Second Edition)
✘Support the problem in Windows 98
✘Most controversial OS (Windows 98) because it is only OS
have case with Netscape Company
✘Update to Windows 98
✘May 15, 1999
✘Improved USB support, replacement of Internet Explorer
4.0 with significantly faster Internet Explorer 5
✘Also included in Internet Connection Sharing which allows
multiple computers on a LAN to share a single Internet
connection through Network Address Translation
Windows 2000
✘February 17, 2000
✘a.k.a. Windows NT 5.0 (-available in Server Editions and for
workstations –Win.2000)
✘“Cairo” and “Odyssey” •The first OS that makes use of
NTFS
✘• Windows 2000 Professional
✘• Windows 2000 Server Edition
✘• Windows 2000 Data Center Edition
✘• Windows 2000 Advanced Center Edition
Windows ME (Millennium Edition)
✘is a hybrid 16-bit/ 32-bit graphical OS
✘September 14, 2000
✘Codenamed as “Millennium”
✘Also called as “Mistake Edition”
Winodws Millenium
Windows XP (eXPerience)
✘is a line of developed by Microsoft for use on general
purpose computer systems including home and business
desktops, notebook computers and media centers,
✘Codenamed as “Whistler” and “Blackcomb” •released on
October 25, 2001
Windows XP (eXPerience)
EDITIONS
• Windows XP Home Edition N
• Windows XP Home Edition
• Windows XP Professional Edition N
• Windows XP Professional Edition
• Windows XP Starter Edition
• Windows XP Media Center Edition
• Windows XP 64-bit Edition
• Windows XP Professional x64 Edition
• Windows XP Embedded Edition
• Windows XP Tablet PC Edition
Windows Server 2003
✘•is a server OS produced by Microsoft and introduced on
April 24, 2003 as the successor to Windows 2000 Server.
✘considered by Microsoft to be the cornerstone of their
Windows Server System line of business server products.
Windows XP Media Center Edition
✘• MCE is a version of Windows XP designed to serve as a
home entertainment hub.
✘October 12, 2004
✘Additional features - “FM Radio tuning” • You could also
browse to internet, watch live television, communicate with
friends and family and watch DVDs and many more
Windows Vista
✘codenamed as “Longhorn” • It is a line of graphical OS
used on PCs including home and business desktops,
notebook computers, tablet PCs and media centers.
✘•Release comes less than 6 years after the introduction of
its predecessor Windows XP, making it the longest time
span between two releases of Microsoft Windows.
✘• January 30, 2007
Windows Server 2008
✘“Server Longhorn” • May 15, 2007
✘April 24, 2008 released in Philippines
✘is the server OS containing many of the new client
features from Windows Vista
Windows 7
✘• “Blackcomb”, “Vienna” • A series of OS produced by
microsoftfor use on personal computers, including home
and business desktops, laptops, tablet PCs, media content
PCs
✘Was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009, with
general retail availability.
Windows 7
Windows 8
✘Was announced and available to the market last October
26, 2012.
✘It includes a new “Hybrid Boot” option that uses
“advanced” hibernation;
✘Easy switching of users
✘Faster installation OS (approx. 10mins)
✘First OS that has “restore factory settings”, where you
can bring back the OS on its default value
✘Easy filtering of data files
8 Things about Windows 8
1. Windows reimagined
2. All the apps you want
3. Cloud-connected
4. Get more at the windows store
5. Reimagined browsing with IE10
6. At home and at work
7. Great experience across all hardware
8. Built on a solid foundation
Windows 8 & 8.1
Windows 10
✘Latest OS by Microsoft
✘The most recent version of Windows for PCs, tablets,
smartphones and embedded devices is Windows 10.
✘The most recent versions for server computers is
Windows Server 2012 R2 – a specialized version of Windows
runs on the Xbox One game console.
Windows 10
WINDOWS in Mobile phones
✘Developer-Microsoft Corporation.
✘Written -C & C++.
✘User interface-Metro design
✘First launch -Oct 2010 with WINDOWS 7
✘April 14 2014 with WINDOWS 8.1
Partnership with Nokia
✘On February 11, 2011, at a press event in London,
Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer and Nokia CEO
Stephen Elop announced a partnership between
their companies
Integration of Microsoft services
with Nokia
✘Bing would power search across Nokia devices
✘Integration of Nokia Maps with Bing Maps
✘Integration of Nokia's Ovi store with the Windows
Phone Store
Versions For Mobile
✘Windows 7
✘Windows 8
✘Windows 8.1
✘Windows 10
WHAT IS LINUX?
LINUX IS OPEN SOURCE OPERATING SYSTEM, OR
LINUX OS, IS A FREELY DISTRIBUTABLE, CROSS
PLATFORM OPERATING SYSTEM BASED ON UNIX
THAT CAN BE INSTALLED ON PCS, LAPTOPS,
NETBOOKS, MOBILE AND TABLET DEVICES, VIDEO
GAME CONSOLES, SERVERS, SUPERCOMPUTERS
AND MORE.
HISTORY OF LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM
THE HISTORY OF LINUX BEGAN IN 1991 WITH THE
COMMENCEMENT OF A PERSONAL PROJECT BY
FINNISH STUDENT LINUS TORVALDS TO CREATE A
NEW FREE OPERATING SYSTEM KERNEL. SINCE THEN,
THE RESULTING LINUX KERNEL. SINCE THE INITIAL
RELEASE OF ITS SOURCE CODE IN 1991, IT HAS
GROWN FROM A SMALL NUMBER OF C FILES UNDER
THE GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
LOGO
LINUS TORVALDS
Architecture of LINUX Operating System
Hardware
Hardware consists of all peripheral devices (RAM/
HDD/ CPU etc)
Kernel
✘Kernel is the core part of Linux. It is responsible
for all major activities of this operating system. It
consists of various modules and it interacts directly
with the underlying hardware.
LINUX KERNEL
FEATURES OF LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM
Portable
Portability means software's can works on
different types of hardware's in same way. Linux
kernel and application programs supports their
installation on any kind of hardware platform
FEATURES OF LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM
Open Source
Linux source code is freely available and it is
community based development project. Multiple
teams works in collaboration to enhance the
capability of Linux operating system and it is
continuously evolving
FEATURES OF LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM
Multi-User
Linux is a multiuser system means multiple users
can access system resources like memory/ ram/
application programs at same time.
FEATURES OF LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM
Multi-tasking
Linux is a multitasking system means multiple
tasks can be done at same time.
FEATURES OF LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM
Shell
Linux provides a special interpreter program which
can be used to execute commands of the
operating system. It can be used to do various
types of operations, call application programs etc
FEATURES OF LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM
Security
Linux provides user security using authentication
features like password protection/ controlled
access to specific files/ encryption of data.
BASIC COMMANDS OF LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM
USES OF LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM
Web Serving
Nearly 60% of all websites on the Internet are run
using an Open Source program named "Apache."
Most often, it's run on Linux. If you've ever surfed
the web, you've (indirectly) used Linux!
USES OF LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM
Networking
Linux is used to run some parts of the
Internet, as well as to run small and large
networks in corporations, offices and
homes.
USES OF LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM
Databases
Since Linux is stable, secure and robust, it's
perfect for storing huge databases of
information.
USES OF LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM
Home Computing
And, of course, people like us, and
people like you, can and do use Linux on
a daily basis at home and in the office!
USES OF LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM
Scientific Computing
Many dozens (or even hundreds or thousands) of
Linux systems can be clustered together to work
on a single task (like weather forecasting, physics
simulations, computer graphics rendering, etc.)A
large collection of inexpensive PCs running Linux
can be just as powerful as a mainframe computer,
but at a tenth of the cost
Advantages of LINUX Operating System
Low cost:
You don’t need to spend time and money to obtain
licenses since Linux and much of its software come
with the GNU General Public License. Additionally,
there are large repositories from which you can
freely download high quality software for almost
any task you can think of.
Advantages of LINUX Operating System
Stability:
Linux doesn’t need to be rebooted periodically to
maintain performance levels. It doesn’t freeze up or
slow down over time due to memory leaks and
such. Continuous up-times of hundreds of days (up
to a year or more) are not uncommon
Advantages of LINUX Operating System
Open Source:
If you develop software that requires knowledge or
modification of the operating system code, Linux’s
source code is at your fingertips. Most Linux
applications are Open Source as well.
Advantages of LINUX Operating System
Multitasking
Linux is designed to do many things at the same
time; e.g., a large printing job in the background
won’t slow down your other work
Advantages of LINUX Operating System
Performance:
Linux provides persistent high performance on
workstations and on networks. It can handle
unusually large numbers of users simultaneously,
and can make old computers sufficiently
responsive to be useful again.
Advantages of LINUX Operating System
Choice
The large number of Linux distributions gives you a
choice . Each distribution is d e v e lo p e d a n d
supported by a different organization. You can pick
the one you like best; the core functionalities are
the same; most software runs on most
distributions.
Disadvantages of LINUXOperating System
No Standard Edition
✘While Windows and Mac have several definite
versions, there is no one standard edition of Linux.
✘In fact, there are hundreds of different user-
developed editions.
✘It can be challenging to figure out which one is
best for you, and making that decision can be
overwhelming for a new user.
Disadvantages of LINUXOperating System
Learning Curve
✘The simplest way to put it: Linux is not as easy to
use as Windows or Mac.
✘ It requires a broader base of knowledge about
computing than other operating systems, and this
can be very challenging for a beginning user.
Disadvantages of LINUXOperating System
Learning Curve
✘If you are used to using Windows or Mac, you will
have to unlearn and relearn many different
functions and processes
✘It can take some time, and the less technical
understanding you have the more it will require of
you to learn.
Disadvantages of LINUXOperating System
Learning Curve
✘While it is certainly possible to gain a functional
understanding of Linux with practice and self-
teaching, it will require more effort than with other
operating systems.
Disadvantages of LINUXOperating System
Non-Compatible Software
✘A disadvantage to using a Linux OS is that the
majority of your favourite programs will not run on
it.
✘If you are used to certain software, you will have
to find a comparable Linux option.
Disadvantages of LINUXOperating System
Non-Compatible Software
✘There are hundreds of choices of programs, and
there are many that are similar to specific Windows
or Mac software.
✘However, a lot of times the user interface is very
different and not every function you want is always
available.
Disadvantages of LINUXOperating System
Non-Compatible Software
✘You will have to do some searching and testing
of different programs until you find ones that you
like and meet your needs.
Disadvantages of LINUXOperating System
Unsupported Hardware
✘T h e r e i s l e s s c o m p u t e r h a r d w a r e t h a t i s
compatible with Linux, also.
✘There is a much smaller selection of drivers that
will work with Linux, although more are being
added on a consistent basis.
Disadvantages of LINUXOperating System
Unsupported Hardware
✘Oftentimes it takes a while for new hardware to
be supported, and you may find that a lot of the
hardware you already have will be tough to run on
LinuxThere is a much smaller selection of drivers
that will work with Linux, although more are being
added on a consistent basis.
Disadvantages of LINUXOperating System
Unsupported Hardware
✘For some reason, many people encounter
problems with running their printers on Linux.
✘Blu-ray discs are also not able to be played using
Linux.
LINUX VS UNIX
✘Linux is free, but Unix is not.
✘Unix is compatible with Linux at the system call
level, meaning most programs written for either
Unix or Linux can be recompiled to run on the other
system with a minimum of work. But Linux will run
faster than Unix on the same hardware.
LINUX VS MICROSOFT WINDOWS
✘Both offer some of the graphics capabilities and
include some networking capabilities. But Linux
networking is excellent.
✘Linux is multi-user, multi-tasking, but Microsoft
Windows doesn’t support it.