Intro to Computing and Algorithm
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ALGORITHM AND
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Prepared by: MARIA AMORE DAYOT 01010101010101010101010101
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What is Algorithm?
An algorithm is a procedure used for solving a problem or
performing a computation. Algorithms act as an exact list of
instructions that conduct specified actions step by step in either
hardware- or software-based routines.
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How do algorithms work?
Algorithms work by following a set of instructions or rules to
complete a task or solve a problem. They can be expressed as
• natural languages
• programming languages
• pseudocode
• flowcharts and control tables.
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Therefore, an Algorithm refers to a sequence of finite steps to
solve a particular problem.
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• Clear and Unambiguous: The algorithm should be unambiguous. Each of its steps should
be clear in all aspects and must lead to only one meaning.
• Well-Defined Inputs: If an algorithm says to take inputs, it should be well-defined
inputs. It may or may not take input.
• Well-Defined Outputs: The algorithm must clearly define what output will be yielded
and it should be well-defined as well. It should produce at least 1 output.
• Finite-ness: The algorithm must be finite, i.e. it should terminate after a finite time.
• Feasible: The algorithm must be simple, generic, and practical, such that it can be
executed with the available resources. It must not contain some future technology or
anything.
• Language Independent: The Algorithm designed must be language-independent, i.e. it
must be just plain instructions that can be implemented in any language, and yet the
output will be the same, as expected.
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Properties of algorithm
• It should terminate after a finite time.
• It should produce at least one output.
• It should take zero or more input.
• It should be deterministic means giving the same output
for the same input case.
• Every step in the algorithm must be effective i.e. every
step should do some work.
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Steps to design an algorithm
• The problem that is to be solved by this algorithm i.e. clear
problem definition.
• The constraints of the problem must be considered while
solving the problem.
• The input to be taken to solve the problem.
• The output is to be expected when the problem is solved.
• The solution to this problem is within the given
constraints.
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Example
Step-by-Step Algorithm (in words).
Example Algorithm: Check if a Number is Even or Odd
1. Start
2. Input a number
3. Check if the number is divisible by 2
4. If yes, display "Even number"
5. Otherwise, display "Odd number"
6. End
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Java Program Implementation.
Example Algorithm: Check if a Number is Even or Odd
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LET’S PRACTICE
Practice Problem: Positive, Negative, or Zero.
Create a Java program that asks the user to enter a number and
determines whether the number is positive, negative, or zero.
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LET’S PRACTICE
Practice Problem: Positive, Negative, or Zero.
Create a Java program that asks the user to enter a number and determines
whether the number is positive, negative, or zero.
Answer:
1. Start
2. Input a number
3. If the number is greater than 0, display “Positive number”
4. Else if the number is less than 0, display “Negative number”
5. Else, display “Zero”
6. End
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FLOWCHART
A flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm.
Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a
problem. It makes use of symbols that are connected among
them to indicate the flow of information and processing. The
process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as
“flowcharting”.
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METRO DUMAGUETE COLLEGE, INC
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Telephone Nos. (035) 420-9801, 420-9728 or 422-4605
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METRO DUMAGUETE COLLEGE, INC
Ej. Blanco Extension Road, Brgy. Daro, Dumaguete city, Philippines 6200
Telephone Nos. (035) 420-9801, 420-9728 or 422-4605
Website: [Link]
METRO DUMAGUETE COLLEGE, INC
Ej. Blanco Extension Road, Brgy. Daro, Dumaguete city, Philippines 6200
Telephone Nos. (035) 420-9801, 420-9728 or 422-4605
Website: [Link]
METRO DUMAGUETE COLLEGE, INC
Ej. Blanco Extension Road, Brgy. Daro, Dumaguete city, Philippines 6200
Telephone Nos. (035) 420-9801, 420-9728 or 422-4605
Website: [Link]
METRO DUMAGUETE COLLEGE, INC
Ej. Blanco Extension Road, Brgy. Daro, Dumaguete city, Philippines 6200
Telephone Nos. (035) 420-9801, 420-9728 or 422-4605
Website: [Link]
METRO DUMAGUETE COLLEGE, INC
Ej. Blanco Extension Road, Brgy. Daro, Dumaguete city, Philippines 6200
Telephone Nos. (035) 420-9801, 420-9728 or 422-4605
Website: [Link]
METRO DUMAGUETE COLLEGE, INC
Ej. Blanco Extension Road, Brgy. Daro, Dumaguete city, Philippines 6200
Telephone Nos. (035) 420-9801, 420-9728 or 422-4605
Website: [Link]
Difference between algorithm and flowchart:
S. No Algorithm Flowchart
An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to A flowchart is a diagram created with different
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solve a problem. shapes to show the flow of data.
2 The algorithm is complex to understand. A flowchart is easy to understand.
3 In the algorithm, plain text is used. In the flowchart, symbols/shapes are used.
4 The algorithm is easy to debug. A flowchart is hard to debug.
5 The algorithm is difficult to construct. A flowchart is simple to construct.
6 The algorithm does not follow any rules. The flowchart follows rules to be constructed.
The algorithm is the pseudo-code for the A flowchart is just a graphical representation of
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program. that logic.
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END OF PRESENTATION 01
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THANK YOU !!!
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