Gopalan College of Engineering and Management

(ISO 9001:2015)
Approved by All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), New Delhi

Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU), Belagavi, Karnataka

Recognised by Govt. of Karnataka

Address: 181/1, 182/1, Sonnenahalli, Hoodi, [Link], Whitefield, Bangalore, Karnataka - 560 048
Phone No: (080) - 42229748 Email: gcem@[Link] Website: [Link]/gcem

MODULE-WISE SOLUTIONS

Year / Semester II / IV
Course Code 21AE44
Course Name Mechanics of Materials

Module 3: Deflection of Beams, Torsion of Circular Shafts

1. List the assumption of pure torsion and derive torsion equation. (10 Marks)
Aug./Sept.2020, 18AE34

Mr. Saviraj A S, Assistant Professor, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM

Mr. Saviraj A S, Assistant Professor, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM
 2. A solid circular shaft has to transmit a power of 1000 KW at 120 rpm. Find the
diameter of the shaft, if the shear stress of the material must not exceed 80
N/mm2. The maximum torque 1.25 times of its mean, what percentage of saving
in material would be obtained if the shaft is replaced by hollow one whose
internal diameter is 0.6 times its external diameter, the length, material and
maximum shear stress being same. (10 Marks) Aug./Sept.2020, 18AE34

Mr. Saviraj A S, Assistant Professor, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM

Mr. Saviraj A S, Assistant Professor, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM
 3. A hollow shaft is to transmit 300 kW at 80 rpm. If the shear stress is not to
exceed 50MN/m2 and diameter ration is 3/7. Find the external and internal
diameter if the twist is 1.2o and length is 2m. Assuming maximum torque is 20%
greater than mean. Take G = 80GN/m2. (12 Marks) Jan./Feb. 2021, 18AE34

Data:
𝑃 = 300 × 103 𝑊
N = 80 rpm
𝜏 = 50 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2
𝑑𝑖 3
=
𝑑𝑜 7
𝑑𝑖 = 0.42𝑑𝑜
𝜋
𝜃 = 1. 2° = 1.2 × = 0.02 𝑟𝑎𝑑
180
L = 2000 mm
𝑇 = 1.2𝑇𝑚
𝐺 = 80 × 103 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2

Solution:
2𝜋𝑁𝑇𝑚
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑, 𝑃 = 𝑊
60
2𝜋 × 80 × 𝑇𝑚
300 × 103 =
60
𝑇𝑚 = 34180.2 𝑁 − 𝑚 = 34.18 × 106 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚
𝑇 = 1.2 × 𝑇𝑚
𝑇 = 1.2 × 34.18 × 106 = 41.01 × 106 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚

Diameter based on strength:

𝑑𝑜
𝑅=
2
𝜋(𝑑𝑜 4 − 𝑑𝑖 4 )
𝐽=
32
𝑑𝑖 = 0.42𝑑𝑜
𝜋(𝑑𝑜 4 − (0.42𝑑𝑜 )4 )
𝐽=
32
𝐽 = 0.0951 𝑑𝑜 4
𝑇 𝜏
=
𝐽 𝑅

Mr. Saviraj A S, Assistant Professor, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM

 41.01 × 106 50
=
0.0951 𝑑𝑜 4 0.5𝑑𝑜
𝑑𝑜 3 = 4311402
𝑑0 = 162.75 𝑚𝑚

Diameter based on rigidity:

𝑇 𝐺𝜃
=
𝐽 𝐿
41.01 × 106 80 × 103 × 0.02
=
0.0951 𝑑𝑜 4 2000
𝑑𝑜 4 = 539.03 × 106
𝑑𝑜 = 152.37 𝑚𝑚
Since diameter based on strength is greater than diameter based on rigidity,
d0 = 162.75 mm is recommended.

𝒅𝟎 = 𝟏𝟔𝟐. 𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝒎
𝒅𝒊 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟐 × 𝟏𝟔𝟐. 𝟕𝟓 = 𝟔𝟖. 𝟑𝟔 𝒎𝒎

4. What are the assumptions made in theory of pure torsion? (04 Marks) Jan./Feb.
2021, 18AE34

Mr. Saviraj A S, Assistant Professor, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM

 5. Define torsional rigidity and write the equation for power transmitted by the
shaft. (04 Marks) Jan./Feb. 2021, 18AE34

6. A hollow shaft is to transmit 200 KW at 80 rpm. If the shear stress is not to

exceed 60 MPa and internal diameter is 0.6 of the external diameter, find the
diameters of the shaft. (06 Marks) Feb./Mar. 2022, 18AE34

Mr. Saviraj A S, Assistant Professor, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM

 7. A solid shaft of 200 mm diameter has the same cross-sectional area as a hollow
shaft of the same material with inside diameter of 150 mm. Find the ration of: (i)
Power transmitted by both the shafts at the same angular velocity. (ii) Angles of
twist in equal lengths of these shafts, when stressed to the same velocity. (08
Marks) Feb./Mar. 2022, 18AE34

Mr. Saviraj A S, Assistant Professor, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM

Mr. Saviraj A S, Assistant Professor, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM
 8. A solid shaft of 80 mm diameter is to be replaced by a hollow shaft of external
diameter 100 mm. Determine the internal diameter of the hollow shaft if the
same power is to be transmitted by both the shafts at the same angular velocity
and shear stress. (06 Marks) Feb./Mar. 2022, 18AE34

9. Determine the diameter of solid shaft which will transmit 440 kW at 280 rpm. If
maximum torsional shear stress is 40 N/mm2. Take G = 84 kN/mm2. (04 Marks)
July/August 2021, 18AE34

Mr. Saviraj A S, Assistant Professor, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM

 10. Determine the rate of twist and shear stress distribution in a circular section bar
of radius ‘R’ which is subjected to equal and opposite torque ‘T’ at each of its
free end. (08 Marks) Dec.2019/Jan.2020, 18AE34

Mr. Saviraj A S, Assistant Professor, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM

 11. A 2m long hollow cylinder shaft has 80 mm outer diameter and 10 mm wall
thickness. When the torsional load on the shaft is 6 kN-m, determine: (i)
Maximum shear stress induced (ii) Angle of twist. Also draw the distribution of
shear stress in the wall of the shaft. Take G = 80 GPa. (12 Marks)
Dec.2019/Jan.2020, 18AE34

Mr. Saviraj A S, Assistant Professor, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM

 12. Obtain the relationship between torque and shear stress in solid circular shaft.
(10 Marks) Aug./Sept.2020, 17AE34
(Refer to the solution of Q10)

Mr. Saviraj A S, Assistant Professor, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM

 13. Compare the weight, strength and stiffness of hollow shaft of same external
diameter as that of solid shaft. The inner diameter of hollow shaft is half the
external diameter. Both the shafts have the same material and length. (10 Marks)
Aug./Sept.2020, 17AE34

Mr. Saviraj A S, Assistant Professor, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM

 14. A 2 meters long hollow cylinder shaft has 80mm outer diameter and 10mm wall
thickness. When the torsional load on the shaft is 6kN-m, determine: i)
Maximum shear stress induced ii) Angle of twist. Also draw the distribution of
shear stress in the wall of the shaft. Take G as 80 Gpa. Also find torsional
stiffness. (12 Marks) Dec.2018/Jan.2019, 17AE34
(Refer to the solution of Q11)

15. Show that maximum shear stress in the shaft under torsion is given by 𝝉𝒎𝒂𝒙 =
𝑻𝑹
. (10 Marks) June/July 2019, 17AE34
𝑱

(Refer to the solution of Q10)

16. A solid circular shaft has to transmit a power of 1000 kW at 120 rpm. Find the
diameter of the shaft if the shear stress of the material must not exceed 80
N/mm2. The maximum torque 1.25 times of its mean. What percentage of saving
in material would be obtained. If the shaft is replaced by the hallow shaft is
replaced by the hallow shaft having internal diameter of 0.6 times its external
diameter, the length, material and the maximum shear stress being same. (10
Marks) Jan./Feb.2021, 17AE34
(Refer to the solution of Q2)

17. A hollow shaft is to transmit 200kW at 80rpm. If the shear stress is not to exceed
60 MPa and internal diameter is 0.6 of the external diameter, find the diameters
of the shaft. (06 Marks) Feb./Mar. 2022, 17AE34
Data:
𝑃 = 200 × 103 𝑊
N = 80 rpm
𝜏 = 60 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2
𝑑𝑖 = 0.6𝑑𝑜

Solution:
2𝜋𝑁𝑇
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑, 𝑃 = 𝑊
60
2𝜋 × 80 × 𝑇
200 × 103 =
60
𝑇 = 23873.24 𝑁 − 𝑚 = 23.873 × 106 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚

Mr. Saviraj A S, Assistant Professor, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM

 𝑑𝑜
𝑅=
2
𝜋(𝑑𝑜 4 − 𝑑𝑖 4 )
𝐽=
32
𝑑𝑖 = 0.6𝑑𝑜
𝜋(𝑑𝑜 4 − (0.6𝑑𝑜 )4 )
𝐽=
32
𝐽 = 0.0855 𝑑𝑜 4
𝑇 𝜏
=
𝐽 𝑅
23.873 × 106 60
4 =
0.0855 𝑑𝑜 0.5𝑑𝑜
𝑑𝑜 3 = 2.327 × 106
𝒅𝟎 = 𝟏𝟑𝟐. 𝟓𝟏 𝒎𝒎
𝒅𝒊 = 𝟎. 𝟔 × 𝟏𝟑𝟐. 𝟓𝟏 = 𝟕𝟗. 𝟓 𝒎𝒎

18. A solid shaft of 200mm diameter has the same cross-sectional area as a hollow
shaft of the same material with inside diameter of 150 mm. Find the ratio of i)
Power transmitted by both the shafts at the same angular velocity. ii) Angles of
twist in equal lengths of there, shafts when stressed to the same velocity. (08
Marks) Feb./Mar. 2022, 17AE34
(Refer to the solution of Q7)

19. A solid shaft of 80mm diameter is to be replaced by a hollow shaft of external

diameter 100mm. Determine the internal diameter of the hollow shaft if the same
power is to be transmitted by both the shafts at the same angular velocity and
shear stress. (06 Marks) Feb./Mar. 2022, 17AE34
(Refer to the solution of Q8)

20. A 2 meters long hollow cylinder shaft has 80mm outer diameter and 10mm wall
thickness. When the torsional load on the shaft is 6kN-m, determine i) maximum
shear stress induced and ii) angle of twist. Also draw the distribution of shear
stress in the wall of the shaft. Take G as 80GPa. (10 Marks) Dec.2016/Jan.2017,
15AE34
(Refer to the solution of Q11)

Mr. Saviraj A S, Assistant Professor, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM

 21. A hollow shaft is subjected to a torque 8 kNm. The angle of twist in the shaft is to
be limited to 1.7˚ in a length equal to twenty times the outer diameter. Taking the
inner diameter to outer diameter ratio as 0.7, determine: (i) Inner diameter and
outer diameter, and (ii) Maximum shear stress induced. Take G as 80 GPa. (10
Marks) Dec.2017/Jan.2018, 15AE34

Mr. Saviraj A S, Assistant Professor, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM

 22. Find the diameter of the shaft required to transmit 60 KW at 150 rpm if the
maximum torque is 25% more than the mean torque for a maximum permissible
shear – stress of 60MN/m2. Find also the angle of twist for a length of 4m. Take
G = 80GPa. (10 Marks) Dec.2018/Jan.2019, 15AE34

Mr. Saviraj A S, Assistant Professor, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM

 23. A solid shaft rotating at 500 rpm transmits 30 kWatts power. Maximum torque is
20% more than the mean torque. Material of the shaft has allowable shear stress
of 65 MPa. Modulus of rigidity is 81 GPa. Angle of twist in shaft should not
exceed 1 deg. in 1m length. Determine the diameter of the shaft. (10 Marks)
Aug./Sept.2020, 15AE34

Data:
𝑃 = 30 × 103 𝑊
N = 500 rpm
𝜏 = 65 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2
𝜋
𝜃=1= 𝑟𝑎𝑑
180

Mr. Saviraj A S, Assistant Professor, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM

 L = 1000 mm
𝑇 = 1.2𝑇𝑚
𝐺 = 81 × 103 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2

Solution:
2𝜋𝑁𝑇𝑚
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑, 𝑃 = 𝑊
60
2𝜋 × 500 × 𝑇𝑚
30 × 103 =
60
𝑇𝑚 = 572.96 𝑁 − 𝑚 = 572.96 × 103 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚
𝑇 = 1.2 × 𝑇𝑚
𝑇 = 1.2 × 572.96 × 103 = 687.54 × 103 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚

Diameter based on strength:

𝑑
𝑅=
2
𝜋𝑑 4
𝐽=
32
𝑇 𝜏
=
𝐽 𝑅
32 × 687.54 × 103 65
=
𝜋𝑑 4 0.5𝑑
𝑑 3 = 53871.7
𝒅 = 𝟑𝟕. 𝟕𝟕 𝒎𝒎

Diameter based on rigidity:

𝑇 𝐺𝜃
=
𝐽 𝐿
32 × 687.54 × 103 81 × 103 × 𝜋
=
𝜋𝑑 4 1000 × 180
𝑑 4 = 4.953 × 106
𝒅 = 𝟒𝟕. 𝟏𝟖 𝒎𝒎
Since diameter based on rigidity is greater than diameter based on strength,
𝒅 = 𝟒𝟕. 𝟏𝟖 𝒎𝒎 is recommended.

Mr. Saviraj A S, Assistant Professor, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM