1) Which of the following statements about helminths is FALSE?
Answer: All are parasites.
2) Chemical modification of a naturally-produced beta lactam molecule leads to the production of what
type of antimicrobial agent?
Answer: Semisynthetic penicillins.
3) An organism that grows in a fermentative mode in the absence of O and in a respiratory mode in the
presence of O is called a/an?
Answer: Facultative aerobe.
4) If a prodromal period exists for a certain disease, it should occur prior to?
Answer: Illness.
5) Conjugation differs from reproduction because conjugation?
Answer: Transfers DNA horizontally.
6) Which term(s) is/are used to describe possible sources of infectious disease organisms?
Answer: Reservoir and vector
7)A disease in which the causative agent remains inactive for a period before producing symptoms is
referred to as
Answer: latent.
8) A cold transmitted by a facial tissue is an example of?
Answer: Fomite.
9) Symptoms of disease differ from signs of disease in that symptoms?
Answer: Are changes felt by the patient.
10) 100,000,000 divided to 50,000,000 cells at 5:30 AM
Answer: 4:30 AM
11) Animal viruses are classified into several families, and the names of these viral families end with the
suffix
Answer:viridae.
12) which of the following terms is used to describe the process where a -- is used to reduce the
population of microorganism
Answer: Disinfection
13)A ___ infection is acquired in the hospital"?
Answer: Nosocomial infection.
14) Microbe grows best at 22C, some growth at 0C and 37C. Classification?
Answer: Psychrotolerant microorganism.
15) The presence of non-multiplying bacteria in the blood is termed:
Answer: Bacteremia.
16) An experiment began with 4 cells and ended with 128 cells. How many generations occurred?
Answer: 5.
17) Which of the following characteristics is NOT true of a plasmid?
Answer: Required for normal cell function
18) Which of the following does NOT achieve sterilization?
Answer: Alcohol.
19) Hypertonic solutions have what effect on the cell?
Answer: Plasmolysis.
20) Answer is Growth rate (I think)
21) Which drug inhibits nucleic acid synthesis?
Answer: Fluoroquinolones.
22) Most bacteria reproduce by:
Answer: Binary fission
23) Which group includes most human pathogens?
Answer: Mesophile.
24) Which of the following is NOT a communicab le disease?
Answer: Tetanus
25) The aminoglycosides are targeted at what part of the bacterial cell?
Answer: Ribosomes.
26) Cystitis is most often caused by:
Answer: Escherichia coli.
27) Salmonella is most frequently acquired from what food?
Answer: Eggs.
28) Poultry products are a likely source of infection by:
Answer: Salmonella.
29) The disease that is common in daycare centers is:
Answer:Giardia lamblia
30) which organism is the causative agent for Meningococcal meningitis
Answer: Neisseria meningitidis
31) Which of the following diseases is NOT a typical symptom of influenza
Answer: diarrhea
32) Symptoms of tetanus are due to:
Answer: Tetanospasmin
33) Which of the following is NOT a recognized form of anthrax?
Answer: Septic.
34) At what age are children first vaccinated for Whooping cough?
Answer: 2 months.
35) Which of the following is mismatched?
Answer: Epiglottitis sore throat.
36) What type of organism causes genital warts?
Answer: Virus.
37) Which disease agent is most commonly associated with colds?
Answer: Rhinovirus.
38) Which type of immunity involves the production of antibodies?
Answer: Humoral.
39) Which disease causes a skin rash, hair loss, malaise, and fever?
Answer: Syphilis.
40) Where is Campylobacter jejuni commonly found?
Answer: Intestinal tract of chickens.
41) A 25-year-old man presented with fever, malaise, and a rash on his chest, arms, and feet. Which of the
following causative agents is most likely to cause these symptoms?
Answer: Treponema.
42) Koplik spots are a diagnostic indicator of:
Answer: Measles
43) The bacteria most commonly implicated in dental caries is:
Answer: Streptococcus mutans
44) which of the following pairs regarding the epidemiology of malaria is mismatched
Answer: Vector – ixodes
45) which of the following is responsible for congenital infection
Answer: cytomegalovirus
46) which of the following is a symptom of brucellosis
Answer: undulant fever
47) what is a pyoderma?
Answer: pus-producing infection
48) all of the following are true of poliomyelitis except
Answer: most cases result in muscle paralysis
49) what does this vaccine for streptococcus pneumonia consist of?
Answer: subunit vaccine composed of capsules from multiple serotypes
50) What is an acquired response to a specific antigen called?
Answer: Specific immunity.
51) Which of the following is a toxoid-based vaccine?
Answer: Tetanus vaccine.
52) Which of the following statements about Neisseria meningitidis is FALSE?
Answer: It is a gram-positive anaerobe.
53) How is Hepatitis A transmitted?
Answer: Contaminated food.
54) Which of the following is an autoimmune disease?
Answer: Rheumatic fever
55) Which of the following CANNOT be transmitted to humans from domestic cats?
Answer: None of the answers is correct; all can be transmitted.
56) West Nile virus is carried by which vector?
Answer: Mosquito.
57) An infection of the bladder is called:
Answer: Cystitis.
58) Which of the following antibody effects describes the enhancement of phagocytosis?
Answer: Opsonization
59) Which food is associated with infant botulism?
Answer: Honey.
60) Which genera of bacteria produce neurotoxins?
Answer: Clostridium sp
61)All of the following organisms are transmitted via the respiratory route EXCEPT:
Answer: Listeria monocytogenes.
62) Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
Answer: Eggs Trichinella spiralis.
63) Legionella is transmitted by:
Answer: Airborne transmission.]
64) Which of the following is NOT a zoonosis?
Answer: Strep throat.
65) All of the following are used as first-line drugs for treating tuberculosis EXCEPT:
Answer: Fluoroquinolones
66) What is the most common cause of pneumonia in infants?
Answer: Respiratory syncytial virus.
67) Which describe the disease(s) associated with EHEC?
Answer: A and C (Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and Hemolytic uremic syndrome).
68) Which of the following statements about rabies is FALSE?
Answer: Most infections in the U.S. are the result of bites from infected dogs.
69) Which of the following is true about toxoplasmosis?
Answer: It is caused by a protozoan.
70) What organism causes gas gangrene?
Answer: Clostridium perfringens.
71) Warts are caused by:
Answer: Papillomavirus.
72) Which of the following occurs when antibodies are transferred from mother to child?
Answer: Naturally acquired passive immunity
73) Which of the following is an enzyme found in tears?
Answer: Lysozyme.
74) What is nonspecific resistance?
Answer: The body's defenses against any kind of pathogen
75) Bacterial encephalitis and meningitis are difficult to treat because:
Answer: Many antibiotics cannot penetrate the blood-brain barrier
76) Which organism is responsible for toxic shock syndrome?
Answer: Staphylococcus aureus.
77) Strains of Streptococcus pyogenes that can cause scarlet fever produce what virulence factor?
Answer: Erythrogenic toxin.
78) Helicobacter pylori can grow in the stomach because it:
Answer: Possesses an enzyme that neutralizes HCl.
79) Which protozoan infection has increased due to the use of contact lenses?
Answer: Acanthamoeba.
80) All of the following are gram-negative rods that cause gastroenteritis EXCEPT:
Answer: Clostridium perfringens.
81) All of the following organisms cause meningitis EXCEPT:
Answer: Mycobacterium leprae.
82) Which toxin is made by Aspergillus sp.?
Answer: Aflatoxin
83) In what part of the body does a chickenpox infection generally start?
Answer: Lungs.
84) What do the initials stand for in the MMR vaccine?
Answer: Measles, mumps, rubella
85) Which of the following correctly lists the stages of tooth decay?
Answer: Plaque accumulation, destruction of enamel, advancement of decay through enamel, decay in
dentin, decay in tooth pulp.
86) Which of the following is a distinctive feature in the tertiary stage of syphilis?
Answer: Gummas
87) Most of the normal microbiota of the digestive system are found in the:
Answer: Small intestine and large intestine.
88) Which of the following microbes is likely to be transmitted via contaminated shrimp?
Answer: Vibrio parahaemolyticus
89) Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer: Acne.
90) A urine sample collected directly from the urinary bladder:
Answer: Is sterile.
91) Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
Answer: Eggs Trichinella spiralis.
92) What is the most common cause of NGU?
Answer: Chlamydia trachomatis.
93) How is HIV transmitted?
Answer: Parenterally.
94) All of the following are classified as fungi EXCEPT:
Answer: Shigella.
95) Which type of immunity is most effective against pathogens inside host cells?
Answer: Cellular.
96) Human-to-human transmission of plague is usually by:
Answer: The respiratory route.
97) Which step in the Gram stain is the critical step in differentiating cells?
Answer: Alcohol-acetone.
98) Penicillin was discovered by accident by:
Answer: Alexander Fleming.
99) Robert Kuch identified the cases of
Answer: anthrax
100) The main distinguishing feature of prokaryotic organisms is:
Answer: Absence of nuclear envelope.
101) Which of the following statements about viruses is FALSE?
Answer: Viruses use their own catabolic enzymes.
102)Which type of stain is most useful in helping clinicians decide which antibiotic to prescribe?
Answer: Gram stain.
103) If you were setting up an experiment to disprove spontaneous generation in a liquid medium, which
would be essential?
Answer: Using a sterile liquid and eliminating exposure to microorganisms.
104) What is osmosis?
Answer: The movement of water.
105) Starch, dextran, glycogen, and cellulose are polymers of:
Answer: Glucose.
106) What bacillus produces an insecticide?
Answer: Bacillus thuringiensis.
107) Gram stain first colour
Answer: idk but I think purple
108) What is the total magnification of a specimen viewed with a 10x ocular lens and 45x objective lens?
Answer: 450x.
109) which of the following is not true regarding the acid-fast stain
Answer: If cells are acid-fast, they are gram-negative
110) in the name staphylococcus aureus, aureus is this
Answer: species
111) Tapeworms belong to what group of parasites?
Answer: Cestoda.
112) Giardia and Trichomonas are unusual eukaryotes because they:
Answer: Lack mitochondria.
113) Protozoan motility structures include:
Answer: Cilia, flagella, and pseudopods
114) Which of the following statements regarding protein structure is FALSE?
Answer: Tertiary structures are formed only from covalent bonds.
115) The tendency of a motile bacterium to move either to or away from a chemical gradient is called:
Answer: Chemotaxis.
116) Helminthic diseases are usually transmitted to humans by:
Answer: Gastrointestinal route.
117) Which cytoplasmic membrane process requires a carrier and no energy?
Answer: Facilitated diffusion.
118) All of the following are characteristics of algae EXCEPT:
Answer: They are currently classified as plants.
119) Some viruses infect a cell without causing symptoms. These are called:
Answer: Latent viruses.
120) You are performing a Gram stain on gram-positive bacteria and stop after adding the counterstain.
What is the appearance?
Answer: Purple.