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Compression Members

Compression members are structural elements subjected to compressive loads, with their strength and stability influenced by slenderness ratio and load eccentricity. Different types include struts, main struts, columns, and booms, each serving specific functions in structures. General failures are categorized based on slenderness ratio, with short columns failing by crushing and longer columns by elastic buckling.

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10 views7 pages

Compression Members

Compression members are structural elements subjected to compressive loads, with their strength and stability influenced by slenderness ratio and load eccentricity. Different types include struts, main struts, columns, and booms, each serving specific functions in structures. General failures are categorized based on slenderness ratio, with short columns failing by crushing and longer columns by elastic buckling.

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kiponic946
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UNIT III

DESIGN OF COMPRESSION MEMBERS

COMPRESSION MEMBERS

Any structural member subjected to compressive load are called compression member.
The strength and stability of compression member depends upon slenderness ratio and
eccentricity of axial compressive load acted upon the column.
The eccentricity causes lateral bending moment which ultimately leads to the buckling of
columns.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPRESSION MEMBERS
1) Strut:
It is a web member of a truss or braced frame and is subjected to light axial compressive
loads. Mostly angle sections used.

2) Main strut or principal Rafter

It is a top chord member of a roof truss and is subjected to heavy compressive loads.
Mostly Channel or I-sections are used as principal Rafter

3) Column (or) Post (or) stanchion


It is a vertical compression members used in a steel building truss to support the roof
girders
4) Boom
It is a principal compression member used in a crane.

GENERAL FAILURES OF COMPRESSION MEMBER


1) very shout column (or) strut (λ<30)
It generally fails by crushing of material.
2) Intermediate columns (λ 30-80)
It generally fails by elastic buckling
3) Long columns (λ >80)
It generally fails by elastic buckling
where, λ = slenderness ratio = Effective length/ minimum radius of gyration
SLENDERNESS RATIO
it is defined as the ratio of the Effective length to the radius of gyration.
λ = Effective length / Radius of gyration
Effective length (Le) = KL
k is constant, that depends upon boundary condition.
L is the actual length of member.
Radius of gyration (γ) = √(I/A)
where, I = moment of inertia & A = sectional area.
EFFECTIVE LENGTH (Le)
Effective length is calculated from the actual length and it depends upon the boundary
condition of the members.
→Fixed means both rotation (moment) and translation (Horizontal displacement)
is restricted
→ Hinged means rotation is allowed but translation is restricted.
→ Roller end means rotation restricted but translation is allowed.
→ Free end means both rotation & translation is allowed.

BUCKLING CLASS OF CROSS-SECTION (PAGE-44)


DESIGN PROCEDURE

Design compressive stress & strength (page-34)

1) calculate the moment of inertia in the respective axis.


2) Calculate the radius of gyration in the respective axis. Among the 2 radius of
gyration take the least one.
3) Design of compressive strength

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