Chronicles About the 16th Century Filipinos
AGE OF EXPLORATION
● The Age of Exploration and Discovery of 15th and 16th century spurred the quest to the
unknown world.
● The Initial Encounter took place in 1521 between the Bisayan people and the group of
Ferdinand Magellan.
● After several failed expeditions to the Philippines
○ Miguel Lopez de Legazpi (general sa mexico) succeeded to established the first
colonial town of Cebu in 1565.
FIRST VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD
● Written by Antonio Pigafetta that was published around 1524 in Italian language.
● Narrates the struggles, feats, and exploits of the expedition.
● Describes the people, culture, language, and places they encountered
ANTONIO PIGAFETTA
● Pigafetta is a Venetian scholar and explorer born to a prominent noble family.
● Prior to the expedition, he served as entourage to the papal ambassador in the royal court of
Spain.
● His work is considered as one of the primary sources of Magellan Expedition.
FERNAO DE MAGALHAES (magellan) - Portugues
● The Expedition of five ships left Sanlucar de Barrameda on Sept. 20, 1519
● After the crossing of the Atlantic, a mutiny lead by Cartagena, Quesada and Mendoza
ensued.
○ Nagkaaron ng alitan sila kay Magellan, na gusto na nila umuwi dahil sa bagyo at wala
na makain pero nagpumilit si Magellan na hindi uuwi dahil ayaw niya mapahiya ang
reyna at hari sa espanya. Papatayin dapat nila si Magellan ngunit nauna yung mga
loyalist ni Magellan
○ King Ferdinand II & Queen Isabela I (pangalan ng hari at reyna ng spain)
● March 16, 1521
○ Magellan and his crews arrived on the island of Zamal (Islas de San Lazaro) - in the
Feast of St. Lazarus
JUAN SEBASTIAN ELCANO
● March 31, 1521
○ first Mass was conducted by Fr. Valderrama in Mazaua.
● April 27, 1521
○ The Battle of Mactan ensued between Magellan and Lapu-Lapu.
○ Hindi si Lapu lapu ang pumatay kay Magellan (pinana siya ng isa sa mga tao ni Lapu
lapu)
● September 6, 1522
Chronicles About the 16th Century Filipinos
○ 18 survivors of the expedition led by Juan Sebastian Elcano return to Sanlucar de
Barrameda.
PINTADOS
●
● The people of the Visayan islands are called "Pintados"
○ due to their painted bodies.
● They wore gold earrings, armlets, and various types of cloth embroidered with silk.
● The community of the Pintados were headed by the Datus (baranggay) and Rajahs (bayan)
● Animals such as dogs, cats, swine, fowls, and goats had been domesticated by the Pintados.
● Farming, hunting, and fishing is the primary source of occupation
● The Pintados are good at playing different instruments as well as dancing and singing.
● Pintados are warlike (matapang) people and are great at fighting using various weapons of
war.
● Men practiced piercing their private parts with a pin called "sakra".
● Hindi raw sila magugustuhan ng mga kababaihan kung hindi nakatusok
● Virginity was considered as an impediment (hindrance) to marriage.
○ Kapag virgin ka tapos magpapakasal ka, masama ka raw
● The practice of abortion and infanticide was widespread in the region.
○ Hindi sila anti-abortion
● The Pintados worshipped nature, sky, land, water and trees.
● They also have different kinds of idols revered in their shrines and worship places.
Chronicles About the 16th Century Filipinos
● Babaylan (spiritual leader) serves as the intermediaries between the human and the
supernatural beings
CUSTOMS OF THE TAGALOG
● Written by Fr. Juan de Plasencia on Nagcarlan, Laguna in 1589.
● Account of the Tagalog customs and beliefs.
○ Ano pamumuhay ng mga tagalog
● Encompassed the social organizations, relationships, superstitions, and rites.
● Commissioned by King Philip II to document the culture, beliefs, and everyday lives of his
subjects.
○ Gusto nya raw makita kung ano ginagawa ng mga Pilipino
○ Sakanya isususnod ang pangalan ng Philippines dahil sa Philip
Juan de Plasencia
● Spanish Friar of Franciscan Order.
○ Catholic priest from Spain who belonged to a group called the Franciscans.
●
● He was born as Juan Portocarrero (real name) in Plasencia, Spain.
● He is one of the earliest group of friars who arrived in the Philippines in 1578.
● Author of Doctrina Christiana (pinakamatandang libro sa history ng PH) - one of the first
books published in the Philippines.
○ Mga dasal ang content ng libro
● The Tagalog communities were called "barangay" - drawn from the name of the boat
[balangay] used by the people to reach these islands.
● The Tagalog society were divided into three groups:
○ Datu
○ Maharlika
○ Alipin
■ Aliping Namamahay - lives in their own house
■ Aliping Saguiguilid - lives in master’s house, less freedom
● Walang tattoo ang mga tagalog
● The land area within the barangay was divided among the constituents of the Datu.
● People from other barangay could not cultivate the land unless he got the permission from the
community.
Chronicles About the 16th Century Filipinos
● Fisheries of Datus had established limits, and sections of the river for markets.
● The Tagalog in general were monogamous
● Prior to marriage, dowries (pera, ginto, kalabaw) are given by the men to the women's
parents.
● Marriage between people of different social class were not common.
● Divorce is permitted under the following grounds:
○ adultery, abandonment, cruelty, insanity.
sinasaktan siya ng asawa niya
● "Simbahan" a place of worship is constructed near the house of Datu during the celebration
they called "pandot".
○ sinaunang banal na sakripisyo, sinasabing isang pag-diriwang na panrelihiyon na
tuma-tagal nang apat na araw at karani-wang ginaganap sa tahanan ng isang
mahalagang tao
○ Una - hindi maganda ang nangyari (pinaparusahan ng mga diyos/diyosa)
○ Pangalawa - may magandang nangyari (need magthanks sa bathala)
● The Tagalog celebrated their feast by nonstop drinking and singing which usually lasted for
almost four days.
● The Tagalog also worshipped the sun, moon, stars and even their ancestors.
Bathala the supreme god of the Tagalog belief system.
Lic-ha Idols with different shapes
Dian Masalanta Patron of lovers and of generations
Lacapati & Idianale Patrons of the cultivated lands and of
husbandry
Buaya Revered by the tagalog due to their fear of
being harmed
● In burying the dead, the corpse would be placed beside its house and be mourned for four
days.
● The grief of the relatives of the deceased is followed by feasting.
● The Tagalog offers sacrifices to their dead ancestors to appease them in the underworld.
Chronicles About the 16th Century Filipinos
○ Kapag may namatay na datu, kailangan isama ang alipin sa libing
● Different Priests of Evils according to Juan de Plasecia:
○ Catalonan
■ Katumbas ng babaylan
○ Mangagauay
■ Mangkukulam
○ Manyisalat
■ Kumakain ng laman loob ng mga tao, most victim - naksuot ng white shirts
○ Mancocolam
○ Hocloban
○ Magtatangal
○ Osuang
○ Mangagayoma
■ Potion
○ Sonat
■ Pinagdadasal kapag malapit na mamatay
○ Pangatahojan
■ Manghuhula
○ Bayoguin
■ evil/demonyo