Design 3
Estimate Live Storage Capacity of a Reservoir for various Operational
Scenarios
3.1 Problem Statement
Estimate Live Storage of Reservoir by following methods:
1. Mass Cmves of Inflows and Outflows.
2. Analytical Method
3. Annual Inflow and Outflow Data
3.2 Given Data
N R/20 R/25 R/30 R/40
Section A B C D
R=315
Avg
Discharge *Outflows
Month No of 10 Daily evaporation
(m3/sec) (m3/sec)
losses (m3/sec)
01-10 11
Jan 10-20 15 0.1+N 15+N
20-31 17
01-10 22
Feb 10-20 24 0.5+N 19+N
20-29 27
01-10 33
Mar 10-20 34 2.5+N 30+N
20-31 37
01-10 41
Apr 10-20 42 2.9+N 35+N
20-30 45
01-10 46
May 10-20 47 3.6+N 37+N
20-31 52
01-10 55
Jun 10-20 57 5+N 49+N
20-30 65
01-10 75
Jul 10-20 90 6.5+N 67+N
20-31 109
01-10 115
Aug 10-20 126 7.5+N 95+N
20-31 145
01-10 114
Sep 10-20 101 7.0+N 79+N
20-30 88
01-10 76
Oct 4.5+N 65+N
10-20 64
20-31 53
01-10 47
Nov 10-20 43 2.2+N 55+N
20-30 41
01-10 30
Dec 10-20 21 0.5+N 25+N
20-31 12
3.3 Related Theory
3.3.1 Reservoir
It is an area impounded by water due to the storage of part of catchment runoff by constructing a banier/dam across a
river/stream.
3.3.2 Levels & storages of reservoir
a) Full reservoir level (ERL)
The full reservoir level (FRL) is the highest water level to which the water surface will rise during nonnal operating
conditions.
b) Maximum water level (MWL)
The maximum water level is the maximum level to which the water surface will rise when the design flood passes over
the spillway.
c) Minimum pool level
The minimum pool level is the lowest level up to which the water is withdmwn from the reservoir under ordinary
conditions.
d) Dead storage
The volume of water held below the minimum pool level is called the dead storage. It is provided to cater for the
sediment deposition by the impounding sediment laid in water. Nonnally it is equivalent to volume of sediment
expected to be deposited in the reservoir during the design life reservoir.
e) Live/useful storage
The volume of water stored between the full reservoir level (FRL) and the minimum pool level is called the useful
storage. It assures the supply of water for specific peliod to meet the demand.
D Flood/Surcharge storage
It is storage contained between maximum reservoir level and full reservoir levels. It varies with spillway capacity of
dam for given design flood.
g) Bank storage
It is developed in the voids of soil cover in the reservoir area and becomes available as seepage of water when water
levels drop down. It increases the reservoir capacity.
h) Valley storage
The volume of water held by the natural liver channel in its valley up to the top of its banks before the construction
of a reservoir is called the valley storage. The valley storage depends upon the cross section of the river.
3.3.3 Yield from a reservoir
Yield is the volume of water which can be withdrawn from a reservoir in a specified period of time.
a) Safe yield (Firm yield)
Safe yield is the maximum quantity of water which can be supplied tmintenuptedly from a reservoir in a specified
period of time duling a critical dlY year.
b) Secondary yield
It is the quantity of water which is available during the period of high flow in the rivers when the yield is more than
the safe yield.
c) Average yield
The average yield is the arithmetic average of the finn yield and the seconda1Y yield over a long period of time
d) Design yield
The design yield is the yield adopted in the design of a reservoir. The design yield is usually fixed after considefing
the urgency of the water needs and the amount of risk involved.
3.4 Procedure
Calculate Net adjusted inflow discharges.
Calculate Net inflow volume in the month.
Calculate Unifonn Draw Off (UDO).
UDOmonthly 12. Equation 2-1
For Method l,
o Calculate Cumulative Inflows and Outflows.
Plot their mass curves.
o Determine live storage.
For Method 2,
o Calculate deficient and supplement volume as
Deficit / Supplement = Inflow volume Outflow volume . Equation 2-2 o Get live storage as
maximum of cumulative deficient or supplement volume.
For Method 3,
o Calculate target outflow volume for each month o Calculate volume of water required from reservoir
storage as
Water required = Target outflow volume Inflow volume . Equation 2-3 o Calculate Live Storage.
3.5 Calculations
3.5.1 Scenario 1:
Avg
Day Inflow Yield Commulative Uniform Cum
Months Discharge evaporation Surplus
s (Cumecs) inflow inflow draw off UDO
losses
37.0711
10 11 10.6 0.4 0.3456 0.3456 37.07112 36.73
2
Jan 37.0711
10 15 10.6 4.4 3.8016 4.1472 74.14224 33.27
2
6.0825 37.0711
11 17 10.6 6.4 10.22976 111.21336 30.99
6 2
37.0711
10 22 11 11 9.504 19.73376 148.28448 27.57
2
Feb 37.0711
10 24 11 13 11.232 30.96576 185.3556 25.84
2
12.441 37.0711
9 27 11 16 43.40736 222.42672 24.63
6 2
37.0711
10 33 13 20 17.28 60.68736 259.49784 19.79
2
March 37.0711
10 34 13 21 18.144 78.83136 296.56896 18.93
2
22.809 37.0711
11 37 13 24 101.64096 333.64008 14.26
6 2
23.846 37.0711
10 41 13.4 27.6 125.48736 370.7112 13.22
4 2
Apr 24.710 37.0711
10 42 13.4 28.6 150.19776 407.78232 12.36
4 2
27.302 37.0711
10 45 13.4 31.6 177.50016 444.85344 9.769
4 2
27.561 37.0711
10 46 14.1 31.9 205.06176 481.92456 9.51
6 2
May 28.425 37.0711
10 47 14.1 32.9 233.48736 518.99568 8.646
6 2
36.020 37.0711
11 52 14.1 37.9 269.50752 556.0668 1.051
2 2
37.0711
10 55 15.5 39.5 34.128 303.63552 593.13792 2.943
2
June 37.0711
10 57 15.5 41.5 35.856 339.49152 630.20904 1.215
2
37.0711
10 65 15.5 49.5 42.768 382.25952 667.28016
2
37.0711
10 75 17 58 50.112 432.37152 704.35128
2
July 37.0711
10 90 17 73 63.072 495.44352 741.4224
2
87.436 37.0711
11 109 17 92 582.88032 778.49352
8 2
37.0711
10 115 18 97 83.808 666.68832 815.56464
2
August 37.0711
10 126 18 108 93.312 760.00032 852.63576
2
120.70 37.0711
11 145 18 127 880.70112 889.70688
1 2
37.0711
10 114 17.5 96.5 83.376 964.07712 926.778
2
Sep 37.0711
10 101 17.5 83.5 72.144 1036.22112 963.84912
2
37.0711
10 88 17.5 70.5 60.912 1097.13312 1000.92024
2
37.0711
10 76 15 61 52.704 1149.83712 1037.99136
2
October
37.0711
10 64 15 49 42.336 1192.17312 1075.06248
2
36.115 37.0711
11 53 15 38 1228.28832 1112.1336 0.956
2 2
29.635 37.0711
10 47 12.7 34.3 1257.92352 1149.20472 7.436
2 2
Nov 26.179 37.0711
10 43 12.7 30.3 1284.10272 1186.27584 10.89
2 2
24.451 37.0711
10 41 12.7 28.3 1308.55392 1223.34696 12.62
2 2
37.0711
10 30 11 19 16.416 1324.96992 1260.41808 20.66
2
Dec 37.0711
10 21 11 10 8.64 1333.60992 1297.4892 28.43
2
37.0711
11 12 11 1 0.9504 1334.56032 1334.56032 36.12
2
1334.5
407.8
6
Results:
Sr. demand inflow discharge uniform
No. curve curve hydrograph daw
0 0 0.00 0 37.0711
1 222.42672 14.72 10.22976 37.0711
37.0711
2 556.0668 94.11 33.1776
3 889.70688 241.16 58.2336 37.0711
4 1223.34696 453.19 75.8592 37.0711
37.0711
5 1556.98704 708.06 92.00736
6 1890.62712 1025.39 112.752 37.0711
7 2224.2672 1510.70 200.6208 37.0711
37.0711
8 2557.90728 2307.39 297.8208
9 2891.54736 3097.43 216.432 37.0711
10 3225.18744 3570.30 131.1552 37.0711
37.0711
11 3558.82752 3850.58 80.2656
12 3892.4676 3993.14 26.0064 37.0711
Graphs:
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000 Mass demand curve
1500 Mass Inflow curve
1000
500
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Months
350
300
250
200
Emptying Time Discharge Hydrograph
150
UDO
100
50
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Months
3.5.2 Scenario 2:
Months Days Discharge Inflow Yield Commulative Uniform Cum UDO Surplus Deficition
(Cumecs) outflow outflow draw off
Jan 10 11 0.4 22.032 22.032 51.0912 51.0912 29.059
10 15 4.4 22.032 44.064 51.0912 102.1824 29.059
11 17 6.4 24.2352 68.2992 51.0912 153.2736 26.856
Feb 10 22 11 25.488 93.7872 51.0912 204.3648 25.603
10 24 13 25.488 119.2752 51.0912 255.456 25.603
9 27 16 22.9392 142.2144 51.0912 306.5472 28.152
March 10 33 20 34.992 177.2064 51.0912 357.6384 16.099
10 34 21 34.992 212.1984 51.0912 408.7296 16.099
11 37 24 38.4912 250.6896 51.0912 459.8208 12.6
Apr 10 41 27.6 39.312 290.0016 51.0912 510.912 11.779
10 42 28.6 39.312 329.3136 51.0912 562.0032 11.779
10 45 31.6 39.312 368.6256 51.0912 613.0944 11.779
May 10 46 31.9 41.04 409.6656 51.0912 664.1856 10.051
10 47 32.9 41.04 450.7056 51.0912 715.2768 10.051
11 52 37.9 45.144 495.8496 51.0912 766.368 5.9472
June 10 55 39.5 51.408 547.2576 51.0912 817.4592 -0.3168
10 57 41.5 51.408 598.6656 51.0912 868.5504 -0.3168
10 65 49.5 51.408 650.0736 51.0912 919.6416 -0.3168
July 10 75 58 66.96 717.0336 51.0912 970.7328 -15.869
10 90 73 66.96 783.9936 51.0912 1021.824 -15.869
11 109 92 73.656 857.6496 51.0912 1072.9152 -22.565
August 10 115 97 91.152 948.8016 51.0912 1124.0064 -40.061
10 126 108 91.152 1039.9536 51.0912 1175.0976 -40.061
11 145 127 100.2672 1140.2208 51.0912 1226.1888 -49.176
Sep 10 114 96.5 77.328 1217.5488 51.0912 1277.28 -26.237
10 101 83.5 77.328 1294.8768 51.0912 1328.3712 -26.237
10 88 70.5 77.328 1372.2048 51.0912 1379.4624 -26.237
October 10 76 61 65.232 1437.4368 51.0912 1430.5536 -14.141
10 64 49 65.232 1502.6688 51.0912 1481.6448 -14.141
11 53 38 71.7552 1574.424 51.0912 1532.736 -20.664
Nov 10 47 34.3 56.592 1631.016 51.0912 1583.8272 -5.5008
10 43 30.3 56.592 1687.608 51.0912 1634.9184 -5.5008
10 41 28.3 56.592 1744.2 51.0912 1686.0096 -5.5008
Dec 10 30 19 30.672 1774.872 51.0912 1737.1008 20.419
10 21 10 30.672 1805.544 51.0912 1788.192 20.419
11 12 1 33.7392 1839.2832 51.0912 1839.2832 17.352
1839.283 328.71 -328.71
Results:
Sr. demand inflow discharge uniform
No. curve curve hydrograph daw
0 0 0.00 0 51.0912
1 306.5472 134.40 68.2992 51.0912
51.0912
2 766.368 355.28 73.9152
3 1226.1888 640.09 108.4752 51.0912
4 1686.0096 987.94 117.936 51.0912
51.0912
5 2145.8304 1356.22 127.224
6 2605.6512 1796.00 154.224 51.0912
7 3065.472 2358.68 207.576 51.0912
51.0912
8 3525.2928 3128.98 282.5712
9 3985.1136 3884.63 231.984 51.0912
10 4444.9344 4514.53 202.2192 51.0912
51.0912
11 4904.7552 5062.82 169.776
12 5364.576 5419.70 95.0832 51.0912
Graphs:
6000
5000
4000
3000
Mass demand curve
2000
Mass Inflow curve
1000
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Months
300
250
200
150 Emptying Time
Discharge Hydrograph
100 UDO
50
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Months
3.6 Conclusion
UDO was calculated for uniform discharge of net inflow volume. Cumulative inflow and outflow volumes were calculated
and plotted. The sum of max divergence between two curves in gives the live storage capacity of the reservoir.
In analytical method, cumulative deficits and surplus were calculated and the maximum of these values gives the live storage
capacity of the reservoir.
For annual inflows and outflows data of the reservoir, net inflow and outflow volume is calculated. The water volume
required from the reservoir in addition to inflows in order to meet the target outflow volume demand is calculated. Sum of
these volumes gives the live storage capacity of the reservoir.