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Thread Creation (Notes) Co4

Concurrency in Java allows multiple tasks to be managed simultaneously, but they may not execute at the same time, while parallelism involves executing tasks simultaneously on multiple CPU cores. A reentrant lock allows the same thread to acquire a lock multiple times without causing deadlock, implemented by the ReentrantLock class. Deadlocks occur when threads wait indefinitely for each other to release locks.

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7 views12 pages

Thread Creation (Notes) Co4

Concurrency in Java allows multiple tasks to be managed simultaneously, but they may not execute at the same time, while parallelism involves executing tasks simultaneously on multiple CPU cores. A reentrant lock allows the same thread to acquire a lock multiple times without causing deadlock, implemented by the ReentrantLock class. Deadlocks occur when threads wait indefinitely for each other to release locks.

Uploaded by

bhumakarthik1906
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
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Concurrency vs Parallel Execution in Java

In Java, both concurrency and parallelism are used to handle multiple


tasks, but they differ in their approach and execution:

1. Concurrency

 Definition: Concurrency refers to the ability of a program to


manage multiple tasks at the same time. However, these tasks may
not necessarily execute simultaneously.

 Key Idea: Tasks are interleaved, meaning the CPU switches


between tasks quickly, giving the illusion of simultaneous execution.

 Example: A single-core CPU running multiple threads. The threads


take turns using the CPU, but only one thread is active at any given
moment.

 Use Case: Useful when tasks involve waiting (e.g., I/O operations)
or when you want to improve responsiveness without requiring
multiple cores.

2. Parallelism

 Definition: Parallelism involves executing multiple tasks


simultaneously, typically on multiple CPU cores.

 Key Idea: Tasks are truly executed at the same time, leveraging
multi-core processors.
 Example: A multi-core CPU running multiple threads, where each
thread is assigned to a separate core.

 Use Case: Ideal for computationally intensive tasks that can be


divided into smaller, independent subtasks.
Reentranet Lock:

A reentrant lock (also known as a reentered lock) in Java is a type of


mutual exclusion (mutex) lock that allows the same thread to acquire
the lock multiple times without causing a deadlock.

In Java, this is implemented by the class ReentrantLock from the


package [Link].

Normally, if a thread already holds a lock and tries to acquire it again, it


would block (causing a deadlock).
But a ReentrantLock keeps track of how many times the current thread
has acquired it.
Each lock() call must be matched with a unlock() call.
A deadlock happens when two or more threads are waiting for each other
to release a lock, and none of them ever does — so the program freezes.

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