🧪 UNIT I: Chemical Substances – Nature and Behaviour (25 marks)
Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions and Equations
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o Types of chemical reactions (especially combination, decomposition, displacement,
double displacement)
o Balancing chemical equations
o Oxidation & Reduction concepts
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o Exothermic & endothermic reactions
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o Writing word and skeletal equations
Chapter 2: Acids, Bases, and Salts
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o Properties of acids and bases (reaction with metals, metal carbonates, indicators)
o pH and its applications
o Preparation & uses of:
NaOH
Baking soda
Bleaching powder
Washing soda
Plaster of Paris
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o Importance of pH in daily life
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o Definitions based on H⁺/OH⁻ ions (theoretical only)
Chapter 3: Metals and Non-Metals
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o Reactivity series
o Reactions of metals with acids, water, oxygen
o Ionic compound formation
o Corrosion & its prevention
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o Properties of metals vs. non-metals
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o Metallurgical processes (basic)
Chapter 4: Carbon and Its Compounds
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o Nomenclature of carbon compounds (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, functional groups)
o Chemical reactions: combustion, oxidation, addition, substitution
o Ethanol & ethanoic acid – properties & uses
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o Soaps vs detergents
o Homologous series
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o Covalent bonding – definition and structure
🌱 UNIT II: World of Living (25 marks)
Chapter 5: Life Processes
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o Nutrition (in plants and humans)
o Respiration (aerobic vs anaerobic)
o Transport in humans and plants
o Excretion (in humans and plants)
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o Differences between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition
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o Living being – intro part
Chapter 6: Control and Coordination
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o Nervous system in humans
o Reflex arc
o Plant hormones
o Animal hormones
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o Voluntary vs involuntary actions
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o Tropic movements (names only)
Chapter 7: How Do Organisms Reproduce?
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o Sexual reproduction in humans
o Reproductive health & contraception
o Asexual reproduction types
o Diagram-based PYQs (binary fission, budding)
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o Male and female reproductive systems (diagram & labelling)
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o Reproduction in plants
Chapter 8: Heredity and Evolution
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o Mendel's laws
o Monohybrid cross
o Sex determination
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o Heredity vs evolution
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o Darwin's theory & variations
🌈 UNIT III: Natural Phenomena (12 marks)
Chapter 9: Light – Reflection and Refraction
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o Ray diagrams of mirrors and lenses
o Mirror & lens formula (numerical)
o Image formation by spherical mirrors and lenses
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o Power of lens
o Human eye defects & corrections
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o Laws of refraction
Chapter 10: The Human Eye and the Colourful World
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o Dispersion, prism diagram
o Scattering of light
o Eye defects (myopia, hypermetropia)
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o Correction using lenses
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o Functions of eye parts
⚡ UNIT IV: Effects of Current (13 marks)
Chapter 11: Electricity
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o Ohm’s law and numericals
o Series and parallel combinations
o Power, resistance, voltage formulae
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o Factors affecting resistance
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o Concepts of potential difference
Chapter 12: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
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o Fleming’s Left Hand Rule
o Magnetic field lines
o Solenoid field pattern
o AC vs DC
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o Force on a current-carrying conductor
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o Domestic circuits (basic)
🌍 UNIT V: Natural Resources (5 marks)
Chapter 13: Our Environment
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o Biodegradable vs non-biodegradable
o Ozone layer depletion
o Food chain/web
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o Waste management
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o Eco-system concept