Class 10 ICSE Computer Applications – Comprehensive Study Notes
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This document consolidates important theory and programming concepts you need to study,
covering chapters on Java basics, mathematical expressions, constructors, menu-driven
programs, and sample questions similar to the provided exam paper.
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1. Java Basics and Core Concepts
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• Features of Java:
- Platform Independent: Java bytecode runs on any OS with JVM.
- Object Oriented: Supports classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism.
- Robust and Secure: Strong memory management, exception handling.
- Multithreaded: Multiple threads for concurrent tasks.
• Data Types:
- Primitive: byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, boolean.
- Default values: int=0, double=0.0, boolean=false, char='\u0000'.
• Operators & Precedence:
- Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, %
- Relational: ==, !=, <, >, <=, >=
- Logical: &&, ||, !
- Assignment: =, +=, -=, etc.
- Precedence example: a + b % c * d – %, *, / have higher precedence than +, -.
• Control Statements:
- if, if-else, nested if
- switch: works with byte, short, int, char, String; cases must be constant.
• Loops:
- for, while, do-while.
• Methods:
- Definition: returnType methodName(parameter list)
- Passing arguments by value.
• Classes & Objects:
- Class is a user-defined data type.
- Object is an instance of a class.
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2. Mathematical Expressions in Java
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• Math class methods:
- [Link](x), [Link](a,b), [Link](x), [Link](x),
[Link](a,b), [Link](a,b), [Link](x), [Link]().
• Casting: int n = (int) value; converts floating to int.
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3. Constructors
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• Special methods to initialize objects.
• Name same as class, no return type.
• Types:
- Default constructor (no parameters)
- Parameterized constructor
- Copy constructor (user-defined).
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4. Menu Driven Programs
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• Use switch or if-else to present a menu of options to the user.
• Scanner class for input.
Example:
Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);
int choice = [Link]();
switch(choice) {
case 1: // action
break;
...
}
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5. Sample Programs & Examples
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A. Temperature Conversion:
• Fahrenheit to Celsius: (F - 32) * 5/9
• Celsius to Fahrenheit: (C * 9/5) + 32
B. Volume Methods Overloading:
double volume(double r) // Sphere
double volume(double h, double r) // Cylinder
double volume(double l, double b, double h) // Cuboid
C. Perimeter (Menu-driven):
1. Square: 4 * side
2. Rectangle: 2 * (l + b)
3. Circle: 2 * [Link] * r
D. Class with Constructors Example:
class Calculate {
int a; double b;
Calculate() { a=0; b=0.0; }
Calculate(int x, double y) { a=x; b=y; }
void sum() { [Link](a*b); }
}
E. CloudStorage Billing:
Pricing:
- First 15 GB: Rs 15 per GB
- Next 15 GB: Rs 13 per GB
- Above 30 GB: Rs 11 per GB
Program Steps:
1. Input account number and space.
2. Calculate bill using given slab.
3. Display details.
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6. Key Points from Sample Paper
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• Understand operator precedence (%,*,/ before +,-).
• Practice switch statement constraints (no floating case).
• Method prototypes: returnType methodName(type1 param1, type2 param2)
• Default boolean value is false.
• [Link] with escape sequences like "\t" for tab.
• Object creation: ClassName obj = new ClassName();
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7. Suggested Practice
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• Write and execute programs for:
- Interest calculation with different rates.
- Method overloading examples.
- Constructor overloading.
- Mathematical expressions and casting.
- Menu driven programs combining loops and switch.
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