PHYSICS Easy to Learn….

Chapter

Simple Harmonic Motion 01

INTRODUCTION:
CONTENT Simple harmonic motion can be described as an oscillatory motion in
which the acceleration of the particle at any position is directly
1. Simple Harmonic Motion proportional to the displacement from the mean position. It is a special
case of oscillatory motion.
2. Kinematic Parameters of SHM In this type of oscillatory motion displacement, velocity and
acceleration and force vary in a way that can be described by either
3. Energy of Particle in SHM sine (or) the cosine functions collectively called sinusoids.
The study of simple harmonic Motion is very useful and forms an
4. Simple Pendulum important tool in understanding the characteristics of sound waves,
light waves and alternating currents. Any oscillatory motion which is
5. Spring Pendulum not simple Harmonic can be expressed as a superposition of several
harmonic motions of different frequencies.
PERIODIC MOTION:
• A motion which repeats itself after regular interval of time is called periodic motion and the time interval
after which the motion is repeated is called time period.
• A periodic motion can be either rectilinear or closed or open curvilinear (Fig.)

• In case of periodic motion, force is always directed towards a fixed point which may or may not be on the
path of motion.
OSCILLATORY MOTION:
• The motion of body is said to be oscillatory or vibratory motion if it moves back and forth (to and fro)
about a fixed point after regular interval of time.
• The fixed point about which the body oscillates is called mean position or equilibrium position.
Examples :
(i) Vibration of the wire of 'Sitar'. (ii)Oscillation of the mass suspended from spring.
Note :
• Every oscillatory motion is periodic but every periodic motion is not oscillatory.
• Oscillatory (or vibratory) motion is a constrained periodic motion between certain precisely fixed limits.
• For any body to undergo oscillation, the body must experience a force which is always directed towards mean
position of the body. (Restoring force)
• At extreme position, the velocity of the body will be zero & at the mean position, the velocity of the
body will be maximum.
• At mean position, acceleration of body is zero.
Example

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 Easy to Learn…. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
1. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION: 1.3 Equation of SHM
[NCERT Pg. No. 262 to 264] The necessary and sufficient condition for a
If in case of oscillatory motion, a particle moves motion to be simple harmonic (linear) is
back and forth (or up and down) about a fixed point F = –ky,
(called equilibrium position) through a force or d2 y  d2 y 
torque (called restoring force or torque) which is i.e. m 2 = –ky as F = ma = m 2 
dt  dt 
directly proportional to the displacement (or angular
displacement) but directed opposite to it, the motion d2 y k
or 2
= –2y with 2 = ...(i)
is called simple harmonic. dt m
i.e. F  – y or – d2 y k
Simple harmonic motion is the simplest form So + y=0
dt 2 m
of vibratory or oscillatory motion. is termed as differential equation of linear SHM
1.1 Types of SHM on solving this differential equation we get
(a) Linear S.H.M. y = A sin (t + )
When a particle moves to and fro about a fixed This is the equation of linear SHM
point (called equilibrium position) along a Note : Similarly for angular SHM, necessary
straight line, then its motion is called linear and sufficient condition is  = –c and as
simple harmonic motion.  = I = Id2/dt2,
Example: Motion of a mass connected to spring. The equation of angular SHM will be
d 2 c
2
=– 
m dt I
d 2 d2 c
(b) Angular S.H.M. i.e., 2
= – 2
 2
+ 2  = 0 with 2 =
dt dt I
When a system oscillates angularly with respect which on integration gives
to a fixed axis, then its motion is called angular d
simple harmonic motion. =  02 − 2 and  = 0sin (t + )
Example :- Motion of a bob of simple pendulum. dt
1.4 Comparison Between Linear & Angular SHM
Linear S.H.M. Angular S.H.M.
• F–x •  – 
1.2 Necessary Condition to execute S.H.M. • F= –kx •  = – C
• Motion of particle should be oscillatory. Where k is the Where C is the
• Total mechanical energy of particle should be restoring force restoring torque
conserved (Kinetic energy + Potential energy = constant constant
k C
constant) • a=− x • =− 
• extreme position should be well defined. m I
• In linear S.H.M. 2
d x k d C
2
• + x=0 • + =0
The restoring force (or acceleration) acting on the dt 2 m dt 2 I
particle should always be proportional to the
displacement of the particle and directed towards It is known as It is known as
the equilibrium position differential equation of differential equation
 F  – y ora  –y linearS.H.M. of angularS.H.M.
Negative sign shows that direction of force and • x = a sint •  = 0sint
acceleration is towards equilibrium position and y is • a = – 2x •  = – 2
displacement of particle from equilibrium position. where  is the angular
• In angular S.H.M. frequency
The restoring torque (or angular acceleration) acting k C
• 2 = • 2 =
on the particle should always be proportional to the m I
angular displacement of the particle and directed k 2
towards the equilibrium position • = = = 2n
m T
 – or  – 
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PHYSICS Easy to Learn….
where T is time period • Frequency (n or f):
and n is frequency C 2 • The number of oscillations per second is defined
m = = = 2n as frequency.
• T = 2 I T 1 
k • It is given by n = , n =
I T 2
1 k • T = 2 •
• n= C SI unit: hertz (Hz)
2 m 1 hertz = 1 cycle per second (cycle is a number
1 C
This concept is valid • n= not a dimensional quantity).
for all types of linear 2 I • Dimension: M0 L0 T–1.
S.H.M. This concept is valid Phase:
for all types of • Phase of a vibrating particle at any instant is the
angular state of the vibrating particle regarding its
S.H.M. displacement and direction of vibration at that
1.5 Characteristics of SHM particular instant.
Mean Position: • Consider a particle in SHM. Taking projection of
The point at which the restoring force on the particle's position on Y-axis & X-axis.
particle is zero and potential energy is minimum,
is known as its mean position.
Restoring Force:
• The force acting on the particle which tends to
bring the particle towards its mean position, is
known as restoring force. y = A sin(t + )orx = A cos(t + )
• This force is always directed towards the mean The quantity (t + ) represents the phase angle
position. at that instant.
• Restoring force always acts in a direction • The phase angle at time t = 0 is known as initial
opposite to that of displacement. Displacement is phase or epoch.
measured from the mean position. • The difference of total phase angles of two
• It is given by F = –kx and has dimension [MLT–2]. particles executing S.H.M. with respect to the
Amplitude: mean position is known as phase difference.
The maximum displacement of particle from • If the phase angles of two particles executing
mean position is defined as amplitude. S.H.M. are (t + 1) and (t + 2) respectively,
Time period (T): then the phase difference between two particles is
• The time after which the particle keeps on given by
repeating its motion is known as time period.  = (t + ) – (t + 1) or  =  – 1
• The smallest time taken to complete one oscillation • Two vibrating particles are said to be in same phase
or vibration is also defined as time period. if the phase difference between them is an even
2 1 multiple of ,
• It is given by T = , T=
 n i.e.,  = 2nSame phase.
where  is angular frequency and n is frequency. • Two vibrating particles are said to be in opposite
phase if the phase difference between them is an
Oscillation or Vibration: odd multiple of 
When a particle goes on one side from mean i.e.,  = (2n + 1) opposite phase.
position and returns back and then it goes to other
side and again returns back to mean position, then Angular frequency () :
• The rate of change of phase angle of a particle
this process is known as one oscillation.
with respect to time is defined as its angular
frequency.
• SI Unit :radian/second
Dimension: M0 L0 T–1
k
• =
m

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 Easy to Learn…. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
1.6 Geometrical meaning of S.H.M. • Suppose particle is moving with uniform speed
(Phasor diagrams) with angular velocity  along the circumference
If a particle is moving with uniform speed along of the circle.
the circumference of a circle, then the straight line • Shadow (foot of the perpendicular from particle's
motion of the foot of perpendicular drawn from position) of particle performs S.H.M. on vertical
the particle on the diameter of the circle is called and horizontal diameter of circle.
S.H.M. • Position of particle shadow can be represented on
Description of S.H.M. based on circular motion: diameter at t = 0 or any instant and position of
• Draw a circle, having radius equal to amplitude particle performing circular motion can be
(A) of S.H.M determined by direction of velocity.
Y
 • By joining centre of circle to particle position,
angle  is determined from horizontal or vertical
t
y A
t
X' x
t=0
X diameter. After time t radius vector will turn t.
so  = t.
Y'

SOLVED EXAMPLES
Ex.1: The acceleration of a particle travelling Ex.3: If equation of displacement of a particle is y = A
along x-axis is given as; sinQt + B cosQt then find the nature of the
a = –(x – 3)3 motion of particle.
(i) Find out whether the motion is (1) SHM (2) Periodic
oscillatory or not (3) Oscillatory (4) None of these
(ii) What will be the mean position of particle? Sol: y = AsinQt + BcosQt
Sol: At mean position, the force on particle has to be Differentiate with respect to t
zero. dy
= AQ cos Qt – BQ sinQt
dt
Again differentiating with respect to t
d2 y
i.e. a = 0  x = 3 = – Q2A sinQt – Q2 B cos Qt
dt 2
Let us choose any two arbitrary points A & B in
d2 y
the path of the particle. = – Q2 (AsinQt + BcosQt)
at ‘A’ displacement from mean position = +ve dt 2
Force = –ve d2 y d2 y
 = – Q2
y + Q2y = 0
i.e. dt 2 dt 2
at ‘B’ displacement from mean position = –ve It is differential equation of linear S.H.M. So
Force = +ve motion of the particle is simple harmonic.
Ex.4: Can every oscillatory motion be treated as
i.e simple harmonic motion in the limit of
So, the resulting motion of the particle must be
small amplitude ?
Oscillatory.
Sol: No, not at all. In the limit of small amplitudes only
Ex.2: What would happen to the motion of an those oscillatory motions can be treated as simple
oscillating system if the sign of the force term harmonic for which the restoring force (or torque)
in equation F = –kx is changed. becomes linear. For example, the oscillatory
Sol: If the sign is changed in the force equation, motion of a simple or spring pendulum or motion
acceleration will not be opposite to of atoms in a molecule becomes simple harmonic
displacement and hence the particle will not in the limit of small amplitude as restoring force
oscillate, but will accelerate in the direction of (or torque) becomes linear while in case of
displacement. So the motion will become oscillatory motion of a ball between two inclined
accelerated translatory. However, equations of planes or two perfectly elastic walls, the motion
motion cannot be applied to analyse the motion does not become simple harmonic even for small
as acceleration (= 2y) is not constant. amplitude.

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PHYSICS Easy to Learn….
Ex.5: Which of the following functions are Ex.7: Represent the following equations in phasor
(a) aperiodic (nonperiodic) form:
(b) periodic but not simple harmonic

(c) simple harmonic : (a) y = A sin (t + )
(i) sin2t 6
(ii) 1 + cos 2t
 
(iii) a sin t + b cos t, (b) x = 4cos  + t 
(iv) sint + sin2t + cos2t 3 
(v) sin3t Sol: The phasors can be drawn in different manners
(vi) log(1+ t) depending upon the standards :
(vii) exp (–t) ? Let us assume, the projection being taken on
Sol: (a) Functions (vi) log(1 + t) and (vii) exp (– vertical diameter & ACW direction to be positive
t) increase (or decrease) continuously then
with time and can never repeat themselves
(a)
so are aperiodic.
(b) Functions
(iv) sint + sin2t + cos2t and
(v) sin3t are periodic [i.e., f (t + T) = f(t)] with Taking ACW direction to be positive &
periodicity (/), (2/) & (2/) projection on horizontal diameter
respectively but not simple harmonic as for
these functions (d2y/dt2) is not  – y.
(b)
(c) Functions (i) sin2t, (ii) (1 + cos 2t) and
(iii) asint + bcost, i.e., (a2 + b2)1/2sin[t
+ tan–1 (b/a)] are simple harmonic [with
time period (), () and (2)
respectively] as for these (d2y/dt2)  – y. Ex.8: If two SHMs are represented by equations
Ex.6: A particle’s motion is represented as y1 = 10sin [3t + (/4)] and
 y2 = 5[sin(3t) + 3 cos(3t)]
y = 0.5 sin(6t + ) then find out
4
(A) Amplitude (B) Time period find the ratio of their amplitude
(C) frequency (D) Initial phase (1) 1 : 1 (2) 1 : 2 (3) 1 : 3 (4) 2 : 3
(E) Initial position
1 Sol: As y2 = 5sin(3t) + 5 3 cos(3t)
(F) Location of particle at t = sec.
6 Equate y2 with [sin (x + )]
Sol: On comparing with general equation
y = A sin (t + ) So, if 5 = A cos  and 5 3 = A sin 
(A) A = 0.5
( )
2
(B)  = 6 So, T =
2 1
= sec. i.e., A = 52 + 5 3 = 10
 3
 5 3
(C) f = = 3Hz.
2 and tan  = = 3 , i.e.  = /3
5

(D) Initial phase  = the above equation becomes
4
 0.5 y2 = A cos sin(3t) + A sin cos3t
(E) at t = 0, y = 0.5 sin  y =  0.35
4 2 = A sin(3t + )
1   i.e. y2 = 10 sin[3t + (/3)]
(F) at t = ; y = 0.5 sin   + 
6  4
A1 10
 so, = , i.e., A1 : A2 = 1 : 1
 y = –0.5 sin or y = –0.35 A2 10
4

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 Easy to Learn…. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
Ex:9 Two particles execute SHM of the same Ex.11: A particle executes SHM of amplitude 4 cm
amplitude and frequency along the same and T = 4 sec. What is the time taken by it to
straight line. They pass one another when move from positive extreme position to half
going in opposite directions, each time their the amplitude?
displacement is half of their amplitude. What (1) 2 sec (2) 4 sec
is the phase difference between them? 2 3
2 3 4 (3) sec (4) sec
(1) (2) (3) 2  (4) 3 2
3 5 5 Sol: The equation of motion of linear SHM is y = A
Sol: In case of SHM, y = A sin(t + ) and as here sin(t + ). When time is counted from extreme
y = A/2, so
position y = A at t = 0, so that A = A sin(0 + ),
A
A sin (t + ) = i.e. sin  = 1 or  = /2, so the equation of
2 motion becomes
1 y = A sin[t + (/2)] = A cost
or t +  =  = sin–1  
2 Now as here y = A,
1
1 5 2
i.e.  =  and 
6 6 1
A = A cos t, i.e.
So, the phase of the two particles when they are 2
crossing each other at y = A/2 in opposite 1
  5  t = cos–1  
directions are 1 =   and 2 =   . 2
6  6  2 2 
2   2
So phase difference or t = as  = =  , i.e., t = sec.
4 3  T 4 3
 4   2 
 = 2 – 1 =   = 
 6   3 
Ex.10: What will be the equation of displacement in Ex.12: How long after the beginning of motion is the
the following different conditions? If the
displacement of a harmonically oscillating
angular frequency of SHM is .
point equal to one half of its amplitude if the
(i) (ii)
period is 24 sec. and initial phase is zero?
(1) 12 sec (2) 2 sec
(iii) (iv) (3) 4 sec (4) 6 sec
Sol. Using the phasor diagram
Sol: (i) x = A sint A 
y = A sin  =   = 30° =
  2 6
(ii) x = Asin t +    T
 2 t = ; t = = = 2 sec.
(ii) x = A sin (t + ) 6 6 12
 3 
(iv) x = A sin t + 
 2

Practice Section-01
Q.1 In simple harmonic motion, the particle is : Q.3 Which one of the following is SHM?
(1) always accelerated
(1) Wave moving through a string fixed at both
(2) always retarded
(3) alternately accelerated and retarded ends
(4) neither accelerated nor retarded (2) Earth spinning about its own axis
(3) Ball bouncing between two rigid vertical
Q.2 Which of the following functions represent SHM? walls
(1) sin2t (2) sin2t (4) Particle moving in a circle with uniform
(3) sint + 2cost (4) sint + cos2t speed

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PHYSICS Easy to Learn….
Q.4 The motion of a torsional pendulum is/are: (3) both the position and direction of motion of
(1) periodic the particle at time t
(2) oscillatory (4) neither the position of the particle nor its
(3) linear simple harmonic direction of motion at time t
(4) angular simple harmonic Q.7 Two particles are executing simple harmonic
Q.5 Two particles are executing SHMs. The motion. At an instant of time t, their displacements
equations of their motions are : are y1 = a cos(t) and y2 = b sin(t). Then the phase
   3  difference between y1 and y2 is:
y1 = 10 sin  t +  and y2 = 5sin  t + 
 4  4  (1) 120° (2) 90° (3) 180° (4) zero

What is the ratio of their amplitudes ? Q.8 A simple harmonic motion has an amplitude A
(1) 1 : 1 (2) 2 : 1 and time period T. The time required by it to
travel from x = A to x = A/2 is
(3) 2 :1 (4) None of these (1) T/6 (2) T/4 (3) T/3 (4) T/2
Q.6 The phase (at a time t) of a particle in simple Q.9 A particle executes S.H.M. from extreme position
harmonic motion tells : and covers a distance equal to half of its amplitude
(1) only the position of the particle at time t in 1 s. Determine the time period of motion.
(2) only the direction of motion of the particle at (1) 10 s (2) 16 s (3) 6 s (4) 12 s
time t

2. KINEMATIC PARAMETERS OF SHM Squaring both the sides v2 = 2 (A2 – x2)

[NCERT Pg. No. 266 & 267] v2
 2 = A2 − x 2
2.1 Displacement 
• Change in position vector of the particle with v2 x2 x2 v2
respect to its mean position is the displacement of  2 2 =1– 2  2 + 2 2 =1
A A A A 
the particle. This is equation of ellipse. So curve between
• Equation for displacement is given by x = A sint displacement and velocity of particle executing
Note: S.H.M. is ellipse.
(i) The direction of displacement is always away from • The graph between velocity and displacement is
the mean position whether the particle is moving shown in figure.
away from or coming towards the mean position.
(ii) In linear S.H.M. the length of SHM path = 2A
(iii) In.S.H.M. total work done in one complete
oscillation is zero but total covered length is 4A
2.2 Velocity of the particle in SHM:
• It is defined as the time rate of change of the
displacement of the particle at the given instant. If particle oscillates with unit angular frequency
• Velocity in S.H.M. is given by ( = 1),then curve between v and x will be
dx d circular.
v= = (Asin t)
dt dt 2.3 Acceleration of the particle in SHM:
 v = A cos t • It is defined as the time rate of change of the
v = A 1 − sin 2 t velocity of the particle at given instant.
x2 • Acceleration in S.H.M. is given by
 v =  A 1 − [ x2 = A2 sin2t] dv d
A2 a= = (A cos t) = –2 A sin t
dt dt
v =   (A2 − x 2 )  a = – 2x

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 Easy to Learn…. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
• The graph between acceleration and 3. ENERGY OF PARTICLE IN SHM:
displacement is as shown in figure [NCERT Pg. No. 268 & 269]
a
3.1 Potential Energy (U or PE)
2A
(a) In terms of displacement
+A The potential energy is related to force by the
x
–A relation
dU
–2A F= −   dU = − Fdx
dx
1
SPOT LIGHT  dU = − (−kx)dx =  kx dx  U = 2 kx2 + C
→ The direction of velocity of a particle in
At x = 0, U = U0 C = U0
S.H.M. is either towards or away from the
1 2
mean position. SoU = kx + U0
2
→ At mean position (x = 0), velocity is
the potential energy at equilibrium position = U0
maximum (=A) and at extreme position
1
(x = ± A), the velocity of particle When U0 = 0 then U = kx2
2
executing S.H.M. is zero.
→ The acceleration of a particle executing
S.H.M. is always directed towards the
mean position.
→ The magnitude of acceleration of the
particle executing S.H.M. is maximum at
extreme position (= 2A) and minimum at
mean position (= zero) (b) In terms of time
Since x = A sin (t + )
1
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF SHM : P. E. U = kA2sin2(t +)
2
Graphical study of displacement, velocity, acceleration If initial phase () is zero
and force in S.H.M. 1
U = kA2sin2t (as k = 2 m)
2
1
 U = m2A2 sin2t
2

Note :
(i) In S.H.M. the potential energy is a parabolic
function of displacement, the potential energy
is minimum at the mean position (x = 0) and
maximum at extreme position (x =  A)
(ii) The potential energy is the periodic function
of time.
T 3T
It is minimum at t = 0, , T, ...
2 2
T 3T 5T
and maximum at t = , , .....
4 4 4

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PHYSICS Easy to Learn….
3.2 Kinetic Energy (K. E.): (b) In terms of time
(a) In terms of displacement 1 1
E = m2A2 sin2t + m2A2 cos2t
If mass of the particle executing S.H.M. is m and Its 2 2
velocity is v then kinetic energy at any instant. 1 1
1 1 E = m A  E = kA2
2 2

K.E. = mv2 = m2 (A2 – x2) 2 2

2 2
1
K.E. = k(A2 – x2)
2

Note :
(i) Total energy of a particle in S.H.M. is same
(b) In terms of time
v = Acos(t + ) at all instant and at all displacement.
1
K. E. = m2A2 cos2 (t + ) (ii) Total energy depends upon mass, amplitude
2
and frequency of vibration of the particle
If initial phase  is zero
1 executing S.H.M.
K. E. = m2A2 cos2t
2 Average energy in S.H.M. :
• The time average of P.E. and K.E. over one
cycle is
1
(a) <K. E.>t = kA2
4
1
Note : (b) <P. E.>t = kA2 + U0
4
(i) In S.H.M. the kinetic energy is an inverted
parabolic function of displacement. 1
(c) <T. E.>t = kA2 + U0
1 2
The kinetic energy is maximum ( kA2) at mean
2 • The position average of P. E. and K. E. between
position (x = 0) and minimum (zero) at extreme
position (x =  A) x = 0 to x = A is
(ii) The kinetic energy is the periodic function of 1
(a) <K. E.>x = kA2
T 3
time. It is maximum at t = 0, , T, ..............
2 1
and minimum at (b) <P. E.>x = kA2 + U0
6
T 3T 5T
t= , , ...
4 4 4 1
(c) <T. E.>x = kA2 + U0
3.3 Total energy (E) : 2
Total energy in S.H.M. is given by ; E = P. E. + K. E.
(a) In terms of displacement
1 1 NCERT PLUS
E = kx2 + k (A2 – x2) • Both K. E. and P. E. vary periodically but
2 2
the variation is not simple harmonic.
1
 E = kA2 • The frequency of oscillation of P. E. and
2 K. E. is twice as that of displacement or
velocity or acceleration of a particle
executing S.H.M.
• Frequency of total energy is zero

Page | 9
 Easy to Learn…. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
4. SIMPLE PENDULUM Second's pendulum
[NCERT Pg. No. 270 & 271] If the time period of a simple pendulum is 2
If a heavy point mass is suspended by a second then it is called second's pendulum.
weightless, inextensible and perfectly flexible Second's pendulum take one second to go from
string from a rigid support, then this arrangement one extreme position to other extreme position.
is called a simple pendulum For second's pendulum, time period
Expression for time period
T = 2 = 2
g

Effective  T At the surface of earth g = 9.8 m/s2  2 m/s2,
length
So length of second's pendulum at the surface of
y earth,   1 metre
mg


sin
cos

CM mg 4.1 Factors influencing Time Period :



mg
(A) Mass &Amplitude :
When the pendulum is displaced by a small angle • Time period of simple pendulum is independent of
 form its vertical equilibrium position. amplitude as long as its motion is simple harmonic.
• The force due to gravity mg acts downward. • Time period of simple pendulum is also
• The restoring force is the tangential independent of mass of the bob.
component at the gravitational force (B) Effective length :
component of the gravitational force
• Time period depends on L as T  L , i.e. T2 L.
Frestoring = – mg sin
So the graph between T and L will be a parabola
For small angle (<< 1)
while between T2 and L will be a straight line. Here
Sin L is the distance between point of suspension and
Thus, Frestoring – mg centre of mass of the bob and is called ‘effective
The restoring torque about the pivot point is: length’ :
 = lFrestoring = l(– mg) = – mgl
The equation of motion of angular SHM is
I =  …(i)
 d 
2

 I = ml ;  = 2 
2

 dt 
Some Examples of Effective length variation :
Substitute the all values in equal (i) (a) When a sitting girl on a swinging swing
d2 stands up, her centre of mass will go up and
ml 2 2 = –mgl
dt so L and hence T will decrease.
d2 (b) If a hole is made in the bottom of a hollow
l 2 = –g sphere full of water and water comes out
dt
Divide by l on both side slowly through the hole and time period is
d 2  g recorded till the sphere is empty, initially and
+ =0 finally the centre of mass will be at the centre
dt 2 l of the sphere. However as water drains off
This is the standard equation of simple harmonic
the sphere, the centre of mass of the system
motion.
will first move down and then will come up.
d2
2
+ 2  = 0 Due to this L and hence T first increases,
dt reaches a maximum and then decreases to its
g initial value.
2 =
l (c) If the bob is suspended by a wire, due to
The angular frequency  is related to the time change in temperature, length L will change
period T by: and so the time period. If  is the increase
2 in temperature then as
=
T L = L0(1 + )
2 l T L  1 
T= = 2 = = (1 + )1/2 1 + 
 g T0 L0  2 

Page | 10
PHYSICS Easy to Learn….
T 1 T 1 • If a simple pendulum is in a carriage which is
or −1  i.e., 
T0 2 T 2 accelerating
• If  is change in length and g is the Upwards Downwards Horizontally
change in acceleration, then for small Then as Then as Then as
variation (up to 5%) change in time period g’ = g + a g’ = g – a g’ = g 2 + a 2
(T) will be
L T = 2 L
T  1  1 g  T = 2 (g − a) T= 2 L
 100 =  −  100 (g + a)
2 g  (g + a 2 )
2
T 2 i.e., T will
i.e., T will
For calculating percentage error in increase i.e.,T will
measurement of g (acceleration due to decrease
decrease
gravity) using simple pendulum experiment,
use the expression • If the simple pendulum has charge q and is
g  T  oscillating in a uniform electric field E which is:
 100 =  − 2  100
g  T  Opposite to g In the Perpendicular to
direction of g g
• T = 2 is valid when length of simple
g Electric force Electric force Electric force qE
pendulum () is negligible as compared to qE will be qE will be in will be
opposite to the the direction of perpendicular to
radius of earth (<<R) but if  is comparable to
force of gravity force of gravity force of gravity mg.
radius of earth then time period
mg. i.e., mg. i.e. g' = g + i.e.,
T= 2 R = 2 = 2 1
qE qE g' = g2 + (qE/m)2
 R   1 1  g' = g − So, T will
1 +  g g 1 + 
 R   + R  g m m So, T will decrease.
So, T will decrease.
• The time period of oscillation of simple
increase
pendulum of infinite length
• If a simple pendulum is made to oscillate in a freely
R
T = 2 84.6 min ute falling lift or a satellite, g’ = g – a = 0 [as a = g in free
g
fall]
It is maximum time period.
(C) Effective gravity: So, T = 2 L / 0 = .
• Time period of a simple pendulum also depends on This implies, that the pendulum will not oscillate
 1  and will remain where left, as there will be no
acceleration due to gravity and as T  
 g 
, with
  restoring force.
increase in g, T will decrease and vice-versa. • If simple pendulum is taken above or below the
• If time period of clock based on simple pendulum surface of earth, then value of gravitational
increases then clock will be slow, if time period acceleration decreases and time period increases.
decreases then clock will be fast.
• Due to change in shape of earth (not spherical but m
h
elliptical) gravitational acceleration is different at
different places. So, time period of simple m
d
pendulum varies with variation of g.
R

1
–d

• If a simple pendulum of density  is made to T R 0

earth
oscillate in a liquid of density  then its time g M R
mass M
period will increase as compared to that in air and
is given by 2h
At height hgh = gs (1 – ) (h << R)
T = 2 R
 
1 −   g
d
At depth dgd = gs (1 – ) (d << R)
  R
Page | 11
 Easy to Learn…. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

SOLVED EXAMPLES
Ex.13: An object performs S.H.M. of amplitude 5 Ex.15: A particle is executing SHM with amplitude
cm and time period 4 s. If timing is started A and has a maximum velocity v0.
when the object is at the centre of the
(a) At what displacement will its velocity be
oscillation i.e., x = 0 then calculate.
(i) Frequency of oscillation (v0/2) ?
(b) What is its velocity at displacement A / 2
(ii) The displacement at 0.5 sec.
Sol: In SHM velocity at any position y is given by
(iii) The maximum acceleration of the object.
v =  A2 − y2
(iv) The velocity at a displacement of 3 cm.
So, v will be maximum when y2 = min = 0, i.e.,
1 1
Sol: (i) Frequency f = = = 0.25 Hz v0 = A.
T 4
1 1
(ii) The displacement equation of object, (a) Given that v = v0 = A
2 2
x = Asint
1
So, A =  A 2 − y2 ,
so at t = 0.5 s 2
x = 5sin(2 × 0.25 × 0.5) i.e., y = ( 3/2 A) 0.866 A
 5
= 5sin = cm A
4 2 (b) Given that y =
2
(iii) Maximum acceleration
So, v =  A2 − (A / 2)2
amax =  A = (0.5  ) × 5 = 12.3 cm/s
2 2 2

(iv) Velocity at x = 3 cm is i.e. v = ( )

3 / 2 A = ( )
3 / 2 v0 = 0.866 v0

v =  A2 − x 2 Ex.16: A particle is executing S.H.M. having

= 0.5 5 − 3 = 6.28 cm/s
2 2 amplitude 0.01 m and frequency 60 Hz.
Determine maximum acceleration of particle.
Ex.14: Amplitude of a harmonic oscillator is A, (1) 122 2 m/s2 (2) 144 2 m/s2
when velocity of particle is half of maximum (3) 125  m/s2 (4) 144  m/s2
Sol: Maximum acceleration
velocity, then determine position of particle.
amax. = 2A = 42n2A = 42(60)2 × (0.01)
3 = 144 2 m/s2
(1) 2A (2) A
2
Ex.17: The particle is executing S.H.M. on a line 4
3 cm long. If its velocity at mean position is 12
(3) A (4) Zero
5 cm/s, then determine its frequency
v =  A2 − x 2 2 3
Sol: (1) Hz (2) Hz
 2
v max A
but v = = 3 4
2 2 (3) Hz (4) Hz
 
A Sol: Amplitude A = 2 cm
=  A2 − x 2  A2 = 4[A2 – x2]
2 At mean position velocity is maximum
vmax = A = 12
 x2 = 4A − A
2 2
x= 3A
4 2 3
 2 × 2n = 12  n = Hz

Page | 12
PHYSICS Easy to Learn….
Ex.18: In case of simple harmonic motion – Ex.20: A particle undergoes SHM governed by the
(a) What fraction of total energy is kinetic and equation.
what fraction is potential when displacement x = 0.4sin  t +   . If mass of the particle is
is one half of the amplitude.  3
1 1 3 5 1kg then find out
(1) (2) (3) (4)
4 2 2 2 (A) Max. kinetic energy
(b) At what displacement the kinetic and (B) Max. potential energy
potential energies are equal. (C) Time period of KE & PE variation
dx
(1) x = 
A
(2) x = 
A Sol: v= = 0.4 cos  t +  
2 3 dt  3
1 1
A A (A) Kmax = mV max = (1) (0.4)2
2
(3) x =  (4) x =  2 2
2 3 i.e. Kmax 0.8 J
Sol: In S.H.M. (B) Umax = Kmax 0.8 J
1 (C) The particle oscillates with time period
K. E. = k(A2 – x2)
2 T = 2  = 2   = 2
1 1 So, time period of KE or PE oscillation
P. E. = kx2 T.E. = kA2
2 2 = TKE = TPE = Tparticle / 2 = 1 sec
K.E. A − x 2 2
Ex.21: The potential energy of a particle executing
(a) fK.E. = = S.H.M. is 2.5 J, when its displacement is half
T.E. A2
of the amplitude. Then determine total
P.E. x 2
fP. E. = = energy of particle.
T.E A 2 (1) 2 J (2) 4 J (3) 6 J (4) 10 J
A A2 − A2 4 3 2
at x = fK.E. = = Sol:
1
P.E. = kx2 k
1 A
= 2.5
2 A2 4 2 2 4
2
A 4 1 1
and fP. E. = =  total energy = kA2 = 2.5 × 4 = 10 J
A2 4 2
(b) K. E. = P. E. Ex.22: A harmonic oscillator of force constant 4 ×
1 1 106 N/m and amplitude 0.01 m has total
 k (A2 – x2) = kx2
2 2 energy 240 J. What is maximum kinetic
A energy and minimum potential energy ?
 2x2 = A2  x =  (1) 4 J (2) 20 J (3) 30 J (4) 40 J
2 Sol: k = 4 × 106 N/m, a = 0.01 m, T.E. = 240 J,
Ex.19: The potential energy of a particle oscillating k
on x-axis is U = 20 + (x – 2)2. Here U is in As 2 =
joules and x in meters. Total mechanical m
energy of the particle is 36 J 1
Maximum kinetic energy = m2 a 2
(a) State whether the motion of the particle is 2
simple harmonic or not. 1 1
= ka 2 =  4  106  (0.01) 2 = 200 J
(b) Find the mean position. 2 2
(c) Find the maximum kinetic energy of the Minimum potential energy = T.E. – maximum
particle. kinetic energy = 40 J
dU Ex.23 The angle made by the string of a simple
Sol: (a) F = − = –2(x – 2) By assuming x – 2 =
dx pendulum with the vertical depends upon
X, we have F = –2X 
time as  = sin t. Find the length of the
Since, F  –X The motion of the particle is 90
simple harmonic pendulum if g = 2ms–2.
(b) The mean position of the particle is X = 0 (1) 1 m (2) 4 m (3) 2 m (4) Zero
 x – 2 = 0, which gives x = 2m Sol: Here  =  so
(c) Maximum kinetic energy of the particle is, 2
Kmax = E – Umin = 36 – 20 = 16 J T= = 2 sec. So it is a second’s
Note:Umin is 20 J at mean position or at x = 2m 
pendulum, its length will be 1m
Page | 13
 Easy to Learn…. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
Ex.24: A bob of simple pendulum is suspended by a Ex.27: A simple pendulum is suspended from the
metallic wire, if  is the coefficient of linear ceiling of a lift. When the lift is at rest, its
expansion and d is the change in
time period is T. With what acceleration
temperature then prove that percentage
change in time period is 50d. should lift be accelerated upwards in order
Sol: with change in temperature d, the effective T
to reduce its time period to
length of wire becomes ’ = (1 + d) 2
' (1) 2 g (2) 3 g (3) g (4) Zero
T’ = 2 and T = 2
g g
Sol: In stationary lift T = 2 ...(i)
T' ' 1 g
Hence = = (1 +  d)1/2 = 1 + d
T 2 T
 Percentage increase in time period In accelerated lift = T ' = 2 ...(ii)
2 g+a
 T '− T  T' 
=    100 =  − 1  100 g+a
 T  T  Divide (i) by (ii) 2=
 d  g
= 1 + − 1  100 = 50 d
 2  or g + a = 4g or a = 3g
Ex.25: The bob of a simple pendulum is a hollow Ex.28: The length of a second's pendulum at the
sphere filled with water. Explain how will the
period of oscillation change if the water surface of earth is 1m. Determine the length of
begins to drain out of the hollow sphere second's pendulum at the surface of moon.
through a small hole in the bottom ? Sol: For second's pendulum at the surface of earth
Sol: The time period will increase at first until the
sphere is empty, then acquires its initial value. T = 2 e
...(i)
Ex.26: If length of a simple pendulum is increased ge
by 4%. Then determine percentage change For second's pendulum at the surface of moon
in time period.
(1) 4 % (2) 2 % (3) 3 % (4) 6 % T = 2 m
...(ii)
Sol: Percentage change in time period gm
T 1 From (i) and (ii)
 100% =  100 [g = 0]
T 2 g 

e
= m
 m = m e
According to question  100 = 4% ge gm  ge 
T  ge 

1  = e
 gm =
T
 100% = × 4% = 2%
2
m
6  6 

Practice Section-02
Q.1 The displacement of a particle executing SHM is Q.3 When a particle executes SHM, there is always a
given by y = 0.25 sin 200t cm. The maximum constant ratio between its displacement and
speed of the particle is : (1) velocity (2) acceleration
(1) 200 cms–1 (2) 100 cms–1
(3) 50 cms –1
(4) 5.25 cms–1 (3) mass (4) time period
Q.2 A particle executes simple harmonic motion with
Q.4 If a particle is executing simple harmonic motion
an amplitude of 4 cm. At the mean position, the
velocity of the particle is 10 cms–1. The distance of then acceleration of particle :
the particle from the mean position when its speed (1) is uniform
becomes 5 cms–1 is : (2) varies linearly with time
(1) 3 cm (2) 5 cm (3) is non-uniform
(3) 2 3 cm (4) 2 5 cm (4) Both (2) and (3)

Page | 14
PHYSICS Easy to Learn….
Q.5 The maximum acceleration of a body moving in Q.8 The value of total mechanical energy of a particle
SHM is a0 and maximum velocity is v0. The in SHM is
(1) Always constant
amplitude is given by : (2) Depend on time
v 02 a 02 1 1
(3) kA 2 cos 2 ( t +  )
(1) (2) a0v0 (3) (4)
a0 v0 a 0 v0 2
1
Q.6 A particle executes SHM on a line 8 cm long. Its (4) mA 2 cos2 ( t +  )
2
KE and PE will be equal when its distance from
Q.9 A particle undergoing SHM has the equation
the mean position is : x = A sin (2t + ) where x represents the
(1) 4 cm (2) 2 cm displacement of the particle. The kinetic energy
oscillates with time period
(3) 2 2 cm (4) 2 cm 2 
(1) (2)
 
Q.7 For a particle executing SHM the KE is given by
4
K = K0 cos2t. The maximum value of potential (3) (4) None of these

energy is : Q.10 The length of a simple pendulum is 39.2/2m. If
(1) K0 (2) Zero g = 9.8 m/s2, the value of time period is :
(3) K0 / 2 (4) K0 / 4 (1) 4 s (2) 8 s
(3) 2 s (4) 3 s

5. SPRING PENDULUM: • By increasing the mass, time period of spring

• When a small mass is suspended from a mass less pendulum increases (T  m) , but by increasing
spring then this arrangement is known as spring
the force constant of spring (k), its time period
pendulum.
 1 
For small linear displacement, the motion of decreases T   whereas frequency
 k
spring pendulum is simple harmonic.
• For a spring pendulum increases (n  k )
d2 x • If the spring has mass M and mass m is suspended
F = – kx  m 2 = – kx
dt from it then effective mass is given by meff. = m +
2
dx M meff m +M 3
[ F = ma = m 2 ] k andT = 2 = 2
dt 3 k k
d2 x k d2 x m If spring oscillates by its own weight then
or = – x or = – 2x
dt 2 m dt 2 M
T = 2
k 3k
with 2 =
m • If two masses m1 and m2 are connected by a
This is standard equation of linear S.H.M. spring and made to oscillate then time period
2  k
Time period T = T = 2
 m1 m2
k
m 1 k
 T = 2 Frequency n = Here, =
m1m2
= reduced mass
k 2 m m1 + m2
• Time period of a spring pendulum is independent
• If a spring pendulum oscillating in a vertical
of acceleration due to gravity. This isclock based
plane is made to oscillate on a horizontal surface
on oscillation of spring pendulum will keep
proper time everywhere on a hill or moon or in a or on an inclined plane, then time period will
satellite or different places of earth. remain unchanged.

Page | 15
 Easy to Learn…. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
1 1 1 k k
 = +  ks = 1 2
k
k s k1 k 2 k1 + k 2
m
Time period T= 2
mm1
ks

 m m(k1 + k 2 )
= 2 = 2
• If the stretch in a vertically loaded spring is y0 ks k1 k 2
then for equilibrium of mass m, ky 0 = mg still, 1 ks
Frequency n= ,
m 2 m
time period, T = 2
k ks
Angular frequency  =
m
m
k1 k2

SPOT LIGHT
• In series combination, same force exerts in
but remember time period of spring pendulum is
all springs but extension will be different.
independent of acceleration due to gravity. • In series combination, extension of spring
• If two particles are attached with spring in which will be reciprocal of its spring constant.
only one is oscillating • Spring constant of spring is directly
m1 proportional to reciprocal of its length
  k11 = k22 = k33
k1

k Parallel Combination of springs :

k2 In this arrangement displacement on each spring
is same but restoring force is different.
m2 m
Force acting on the system
F = F1 + F2  F = – k1x – k2x ...(i)
2 m1
Time period = ; T = 2 If equivalent force constant is kP then, F = – kPx
 k so by equation (i)
Various Spring arrangements : – kPx = – k1x – k2x  kP = k1 + k2
Series combination of springs: Total m m
Time period T = 2 = 2
displacement x = x1 + x2 kP k1 + k 2
Force acting on both springs 1 kP
Frequency n=
F = –k1x1 = – k2x2x1 = –
F
and x2 = –
F 2 m
k1 k2 k1 + k 2
Angular frequency  =
F F m
 x=–  +  ....(i)
 k1 k 2 
If equivalent force constant is ks then F = – ksx
so by equation (i)
F F F
− =− −
ks k1 k 2

Page | 16
PHYSICS Easy to Learn….
Note :
NCERT PLUS
• In parallel combination, different forces
If the tube is a U-tube and liquid is filled to a
exert in all springs but extension will be height h,
same. 1=2=90° and m=hAd × 2
• In parallel combination, forces on spring So Time period
will be proportional of its spring constant. h
T = 2
• If the length of the spring is made n times then g
effective force constant becomes times and When a partially submerged floating body is slightly
pressed and released:
the time period becomes times.
• If a spring of spring constant k is divided m m h
T = 2 = 2 = 2
into n equal parts, the spring constant of k Ag g
each part becomes nk and time period
becomes times.

• In case of a loaded spring the time period

comes out to be the same in both
horizontal and vertical arrangement of
spring system
• The force constant k of a stiffer spring is
higher than that of a soft spring. So the Motion of a ball in a tunnel through the earth:
time period of a stiffer spring is less than
that of a soft spring.

TIME PERIOD OF SOME SPECIAL

OSCILLATORY SYSTEMS :
Motion of a liquid in a V-shape tube when it is
slightly depressed and released
Here it is taken for granted that cross-section of
the tube is uniform and the liquid is
incompressible and non viscous. Initially the
level of liquid in the two limbs will be at the same
height.
R3 R
m T = 2 ; T = 2
T = 2 GM g
Adg(sin 1 + sin 2 )
(i) In Ist case and IInd case, time period will be
same but vmax will be different.
(ii) If ball is dropped from height h, it will
perform oscillatory motion and not SHM.
1
[F  2 and not F  (– r)]
r

Page | 17
 Easy to Learn…. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

SOLVED EXAMPLES
Ex.29: A body of mass m is attached to a spring Ex.31: One body is suspended from a spring of length
which is oscillating with time period 4 , spring constant k and has time period T.
seconds. If the mass of the body is increased Now if spring is divided in two equal parts
by 4 kg, its time period increases by 2 sec. which are joined in parallel and the same body
Determine value of initial mass m. is suspended from this arrangement then
(1) 4.2 kg (2) 4.6 kg determine new time period.
(3) 4.8 kg (4) 3.2 kg T T T
m (1) (2) (3) T (4)
Sol: T = 2 4 2 3
k Sol: Spring constant in parallel combination
m k' = 2k + 2k = 4k
1st case 4 = 2 ...(i) m m
k  T' = 2 = 2
m+4 k' 4k
and 2nd case 6 = 2 ...(ii) m 1 T T
k and T' = 2  = =
4 m k 4 4 2
divide (i) by (ii) = Ex.32: Periodic time of oscillation T1 is obtained when
6 m+4
a mass is suspended from a spring. If another
16 m
 =  m = 3.2 kg spring is used with same mass then periodic
36 m + 4 time of oscillation is T2. Now if the mass is
Ex.30: A spring of force constant k is cut into two suspended from series combination of above
n1 springs, then calculate the time period.
unequal parts 1 and 2. Where then 1
=
2 n2 (1) T' = T12 + T22 (2) T' = 2T12 + T22
determine force constant of each part.
Sol: Initial length of the spring = and cut into two (3) T' = T12 + 2T22 (4) None of these

pieces of length 1 and 2. 1 1

Sol: T or T2
1 k k
since force constant  For spring combination
length of spring
1 1 1
1 C = + ; T’2 = T12 + T22; T’ = T12 + T22
so k   k = (C = constant) k ' k1 k 2
C C C C
k1 = , k2 = and k = =
1 2 1 + 2
, k 1, k1 2, k2

k1 +  
= 1 2
 k1 = k 1 + 2
 Ex.33: A trolley of mass 3 kg as shown in figure is
k 1  1  connected to two springs, each of spring
k2 +   constant 600 Nm–1. If the trolley is displaced
and = 1
 k 2 = k 1 + 1 
2
from its equilibrium position by 5.0 cm and
k 2  2 
released, what is
n  n 
  1 = 1 So, k1 = k 1 + 2 
2 n 2  n1 
 n + n2  (a) the period of ensuing oscillations, and
 k1 = k  1  (b) the maximum speed of the trolley?
 n1  (c) How much energy is dissipated as heat by
 n   n + n2  the time the trolley comes to rest due to
and k 2 = k 1 + 1   k 2 = k  1  damping forces?
 n2   n2 

Page | 18
PHYSICS Easy to Learn….
–1
Sol: (a) Keff = K1 + K2 = 1200 Nm Ex.36: Two masses m1& m2 are connected by a
m 3 spring of spring constant ‘k’. If the spring is
T = 2 = 2 compressed & released, find the time period
K eff 1200
of their oscillations.
 3m1m 2
T= = 0.314 sec. (1) T = 2 2m1m 2 (2) T = 2
10
(b) Applying energy conservation ( m1 + m2 ) k ( m1 + m2 )
1 1 1 (3) T = 2 2m1m 2 (4) None of these
K1x2 + K2x2 = mv2 + 0 ( 1 + m2 ) k
m
2 2 2
 1200 (5.0 × 10–2)2 = (3) (v)2 Sol: Let the spring is compressed by ‘x’ then force
v = 1 ms–1 on both the blocks F = –kx = m1a1 = m2a2
1 −K −K
(c) Total dissipated Energy = mv2max  a1 = x & a2 = x
2 m1 m2
1 The relative acceleration between the blocks arel
= (3)(1)2 = 1.5 J
2 = a1 + a2
Ex.34: A block is kept on a horizontal slab which is  1 1 
moving horizontally and executing S.H.M. So arel = – K  + x
The coefficient of static friction between  m1 m 2 
block and slab is . If block is not separated Here arel –x
from slab then determine angular frequency so motion is SHM &
of oscillation if amplitude is ‘A’. K(m1 + m 2 )
g g 2 =
(1)  = (2)  m1m 2
A A
m1m2
g T = 2
(3)  (4) None of these (m1 + m 2 )K
A
Sol: If block is not separated from slab then restoring µ
Note : We can write this period as T = 2 where
force due to S.H.M. should be less than k
frictional force between slab and block. m1m 2
FrestoringFfriction m amax. mg µ= , Here µ is termed as reduced mass.
m1 + m 2
g
amax.  g  2A  g   Ex.37: A liquid of mass m is set into oscillations in a
A u-tube of cross section A. Its time period
m

M recorded is T, where T = 2 , here  is

2g
Ex:35 A block of mass m is suspended from a spring the length of liquid column. If the liquid of
of spring constant k. If the mass is released same mass is set into oscillations in u-tube of
with spring at natural length, find the A
amplitude of SHM cross section , then determine time period
mg mg mg 16
(1) (2) (3) (4) None of oscillation.
2k 4k k (1) T' = 2T (2) T' = 4T
Sol: Let amplitude of SHM be A then by work
(3) T' = 3T (4) T' = T
energy theorem W = KE
Sol: Since mass is constant
1 2mg
mgx0 – kx 02 = 0  x0 =  volume × density = constant  V1d = V2d
2 k
A 
So amplitude A =
x 0 mg
= (A)d =  ' d ' = 16 
2 k 16 

 T = 2
2g
T' ' 16
 = = = 4  T' = 4T
T

Page | 19
 Easy to Learn…. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
Ex.38: Find the amplitude of the SHM obtained by Ex.39: A particle moves in r the X-Y plane
according to the equation r = (iˆ+ 2 ˆj)A cos t
combining the motions
x1 = (2.0 cm) sin t and x2
= (2.0 cm) sin (t + /3). The motion of the particle is (more)
(1) 2.5 cm (2) 3 cm (1) on a straight line
(3) 3.5 cm (4) Zero (2) on an ellipse
Sol: The two equations given represent SHM along X- (3) periodic
axis with amplitudes A1 = 2.0 cm and A2 = 2.0 cm. (4) simple harmonic
The phase difference between the two simple
harmonic motion is /3. Sol: r = (iˆ + 2j)Acos
ˆ t
The resultant simple harmonic motion will have
an amplitude A given by = (A cos t) î + (2A cos t) ˆj
Here r is the combination of two SHM, having
A = A12 + A22 + 2A1A2 cos 
mutually perpendicular (x & y axis) & phase
 difference  = 0.
= (2.0cm)2 + (2.0cm)2 + 2(2.0cm)2 cos
3 Thus path of motion is straight line, periodic &
= 3.5 cm simple harmonic.

Practice Section-03
Q.1 To make the frequency of an oscillator double, (1) simple harmonic
one have to : (2) on a straight line
(1) half the mass (3) on a circle
(2) quadruple the mass (4) with constant acceleration
(3) double the mass
(4) reduce the mass to one-fourth Q.5 Infinite springs with force constants k, 2k, 4k, 8k,
....... respectively are connected in series.
Q.2 Angular frequency of oscillation is equal to : Calculate the effective force constant of the
spring.
(1) k (2) k/2 (3) 2k (4) k/4
3k k 2k m Q.6 A spring balance has a scale that reads from 0 to
(1) (2) (3) (4)
m m m 3k 50 kg. The length of the scale is 20 cm. A body
Q.3 Two point masses of 3 kg and 6 kg are attached to suspended from this balance, when displaced and
opposite ends of horizontal spring whose spring released, oscillates with a period of 0.6 s. What is
constant is 300 Nm–1 as shown in the figure. The the approximate weight of the body ?
natural vibration frequency of the system is (1) 200 N (2) 210 N
approximately: (3) 219 N (4) 250
–1
K = 300 Nm
6kg 3kg Q.7 A particle is subjected to two SHM in the same
direction having equal amplitudes and equal
(1) 4 Hz (2) 3 Hz frequency. If the resultant amplitude is equal to the
(3) 1.95 Hz (4) 1 Hz amplitude of the individual motions, find the phase
difference between the individual motions.
Q.4 The displacement of a particle is given by
2   2
r = A(iˆ cos t + ˆjsin t) . The motion of the (1)
3
(2)
3
(3)
4
(4)
4
particle is

Page | 20
 ANGULAR S.H.M
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
(1) Different Equation → A= =0
CHARACTERISTICS OF LINEAR SHM
PHYSICS

 Displacement →  = 0 = sin (t + )

 Torque →  = – C

 Angular Velocity →  = ; Angularaccelartion →  =

• Different-equation of S.H.M + 2x = 0

• Displacement- x = A sin [t + ] TIME PERIOD CALCULATION  Time period – T = 2

• Velocity- V = =  Acos [t + ] (1) Force → =–k ; Time period

• Acceleration- a = – 2 Asin(t + )
T= k → spring constant
QUICK FOLLOW UP

x
A

T/2 T
Spring Block System Torsional Pendulum
t Time Period → T–
Simple Pendulum
F– T = – C [Torsional Constant]

Displacement
–A
T = 2 F =  – k; Time period → T =
Time period → = l = Movement of inertia
Point of amplitude
suspension 
A

T/2 A
PENDULUM

T t bob
T t
Maximum Maximum

velocity (v)→
point Equilibrium point
position

Acceleration (a)→
ENERGY OF LINEAR S.H.M E
(i) keq = K1 + K2 (ii) keq =
PE Two Blocks spring System
2
→ P.E. → U = Kx
KE T= ; T= Reduced Mass  =
2 2 –A +A
K.E. → K = K(A – x )
K + U = ET

E
T=
2 2 KE
→ P.E. → U = Kx sin [t + ]
PE
K.E. → K = KA2 cos2 [t + ]
t
Easy to Learn….

Page | 21
 Easy to Learn…. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

TOPIC WISE QUESTIONS

PERIODIC MOTION, OSCILLATIONS & SHM, Q.9 The equation of a simple harmonic motion is x
EQUATION REPRESENTING SHM, = 0.34 cos (3000t + 0.74). Where x and t are in
CHARACTERISTICS OF SHM mm and sec. respectively. The frequency of the
Q.1 A particle of mass m is executing S.H.M. If motion is:
amplitude is a and frequency n, the value of its (1) 3000 (2) 3000/
force constant will be: (3) 0.74 /2 (4) 3000/
(1) mn2 (2) 4mn2a2 (3) ma2 (4) 42mn2 VELOCITY & ACCELERATION IN SHM
Q.2 The mass of particle executing S.H.M. is 1 gm. If Q.10 The phase of a particle in S.H.M. is /2, then:
its periodic time is  seconds, the value of force (1) Its velocity will be maximum
constant is: (2) Its acceleration will be minimum
(1) 4 dynes/cm (2) 4N/cm (3) Restoring force on it will be minimum
(3) 4N/m (4) 4 dynes/m (4) Its displacement will be maximum.
Q.3 The equation of motion of a particle executing Q.11 The displacement of a particle in S.H.M. is
 d2 x  indicated by equation y = 10 sin(20t + /3) where
SHM is  2  + kx = 0. The time period of the
 dt  y is in meters. The value of time period of
particle will be: vibration will be (in seconds):
(1) 2 / k (2) 2 / k (1) 10/ (2) /10
(3) 2k (4) 2 k (3) 2/10 (4) 10/2
Q.4 The phase of a particle in SHM at time t is /6. Q.12 In the above question, the value of maximum
The following inference is drawn from this: velocity of the particle will be:
(1) The particle is at x = a/2 and moving in +X- (1) 100 m/sec (2) 150 m/sec
direction (3) 200 m/sec (4) 400 m/sec
(2) The particle is at x = a/2 and moving in –X-
direction Q.13 In the above question, the value of phase constant
(3) The particle is at x = – a/2 and moving in +X- will be :
direction (1) Zero (2) 45° (3) 60° (4) 30°
(4) The particle is at x = – a/2 and moving in –X- Q.14 A particle executes SHM of type x = asin t. It
direction takes time t1 from x = 0 to x = a / 2 and t 2 from
Q.5 The value of phase at maximum distance from the x = a / 2 to x = a. The ratio of t 1 : t2 will be:
mean position of a particle in S.H.M. is: (1) 1 : 1 (2) 1 : 2 (3) 1 : 3 (4) 2 :1
(1)  / 2 (2)  (3) Zero (4) 2 Q.15 The time taken by a particle in SHM for maximum
displacement from mean position is:
Q.6 Two particles execute S.H.M. along the same line
(1) T/8 (2) T/6 (3) T/2 (4) T/4
at the same frequency. They move in opposite
direction at the mean position. The phase Q.16 The phase difference between the displacement
difference will be: and acceleration of particle executing S.H.M. in
(1) 2 (2) 2/3 (3)  (4) /2 radian is:
(1) /4 (2) /2 (3)  (4) 2
Q.7 The time period of an oscillator is 8 sec. The phase
difference from t = 2 sec to t = 4 sec will be: Q.17 The phase difference in radians between
  displacement and velocity in S.H.M. is
(1)  (2) (3) (4) 2 (1) /4 (2) /2 (3)  (4) 2
2 4
Q.8 The displacement from mean position of a Q.18 If the maximum velocity of a particle in SHM is
particle in SHM at 3 seconds is 3 / 2 of the v0 then its velocity at half the amplitude from
amplitude. Its time period will be: position of rest will be:
(1) v0/2 (2) v0
(1) 18 sec (2) 6 3 sec
(3) 9 sec (4) Both (1) & (2) (3) v0 3 / 2 (4) v0 3 / 2

Page | 22
PHYSICS Easy to Learn….
Q.19 At a particular position the velocity of a particle Q.28 The time period of an oscillating body executing
in SHM with amplitude a is that at its mean SHM is 0.05 sec and its amplitude is 40 cm. The
position. In this position, its displacement is:
maximum velocity of particle is:
(1) a/2 (2) 3a / 2
(1) 16ms–1 (2) 2ms–1
(3) a / 2 (4) 2a
(3) 3.1 ms–1 (4) 4ms–1
Q.20 The acceleration of a particle in SHM at 5 cm from
its mean position is 20 cm/sec2. The value of Q.29 A body of mass 5 gm is executing S.H.M. about
angular frequency in radian/sec will be: a point with amplitude 10 cm. Its maximum
(1) 2 (2) 4 (3) 10 (4) 14 velocity is 100 cm/sec. Its velocity will be 50
Q.21 The amplitude of a particle in SHM is 5 cm and its cm/sec at a distance :
time period is. At a displacement of 3 cm from its
(1) 5 cm (2) 5 2 cm
mean position the velocity in cm/sec will be
(1) 8 (2) 12 (3) 2 (4) 16 (3) 5 3 cm (4) 10 2 cm
Q.22 The maximum velocity and acceleration of a Q.30 The velocity-time diagram of a harmonic
particle in S.H.M. are 100 cm/sec and 157 cm/sec2
oscillator is shown in the adjoining figure. The
respectively. The time period in seconds will be:
(1) 4 (2) 1.57 (3) 0.25 (4) 1 frequency of oscillation is:
Paragraph (Q.23 to Q.25) V(m/sec.)
+4
If the displacement, velocity and acceleration of a particle +2
in SHM are 1 cm, 1cm/sec, 1 cm/sec2 respectively then 0
0.02 0.04
0.01 0.03 T(in sec.)
–2
Q.23 Its time period will be (in seconds):
–4
(1)  (2) 0.5 (3) 2 (4) 1.5
Q.24 Amplitude of SHM will be –
(1) 25 Hz (2) 50 Hz
(1) 2 cm (2) 2 cm (3) 12.25 Hz (4) 33.3 Hz
(3) 1/2 cm (4) 1.5 cm Q.31 Displacement of a particle is x = 3 sin 2t + 4 cos
Q.25 What will be the maximum velocity and 2t, the amplitude and the max. velocity will be:
maximum acceleration of the particle ? (1) 5, 10 (2) 3, 2 (3) 4, 2 (4) 3, 8
(1) 2 cm/s, 2 cm/s2 Q.32 The maximum velocity of simple harmonic motion
(2) 2 cm/s, 2 cm/s2  
(3) 1.5 cm/s, 1.5 cm/s2 represented by y = 3sin 100t +  is given by:
 6
(4) None of these
3 
Q.26 The particle is executing S.H.M. on a line 4 cms (1) 300 (2) (3) 100 (4)
6 6
long. If its velocity at mean position is 12 cm/sec,
Q.33 The maximum velocity of a particle, executing
its frequency in Hertz will be:
simple harmonic motion with an amplitude 7 m is
(1) 2/3 (2) 3/2 (3) /3 (4) 3/
4.4 m/s. The period of oscillation is:
Q.27 The variation of acceleration (a) and (1) 100 s (2) 0.01 s (3) 10 s (4) 0.1 s
displacement (x) of the particle executing SHM is ENERGY IN SHM
indicated by the following curve: Paragraph (Q.34 to Q.38)
a a
The displacement of a particle in S.H.M. is x = a
sint. Referring the given graphs answer the
(1) (2) x following questions.
x (A) (B) (C)

a a O t O t O t

(D) (E) (F)

(3) (4)
x x O t O t O t

Page | 23
 Easy to Learn…. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
Q.34 Which graph between displacement and time is Q.44 The total energy of a vibrating particle in SHM is
correct ? E. If its amplitude and time period are doubled,
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
its total energy will be:
Q.35 Which of the graph between velocity and time is
(1) 16E (2) 8E (3) 4E (4) E
correct ?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D Q.45 The total vibrational energy of a particle in
Q.36 Which of the graph between kinetic energy and S.H.M. is E. Its kinetic energy at half the
time is correct ? amplitude from mean position will be:
(1) A (2) B (3) E (4) F (1) E/2 (2) E/3 (3) 3E/2 (4) 3E/4

Q.37 Which of the graph between potential energy and Q.46 If total energy of a particle in SHM is E, then the
time is correct ? potential energy of the particle at half the
(1) A (2) B (3) E (4) F amplitude will be-
(1) E/2 (2) E/4 (3) 3E/4 (4) E/8
Q.38 Which of the graph between acceleration and
Q.47 A particle executes SHM on a line 8 cm long. Its
time is correct ?
K.E. and P.E. will be equal when its distance from
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
the mean position is:
Paragraph (Q.39 to Q.43)
(1) 4 cm (2) 2 cm (3) 2 2 cm (4) 2 cm
The displacement of a particle in S.H.M. is x = a cost.
Referring the given graphs answer the following questions. Q.48 The potential energy of a simple harmonic
(A) (B) (C) oscillator at mean position is 3 joules. If its mean
K.E. is 4 joules, its total energy will be:
O t O t O t
(1) 7J (2) 8J (3) 10 J (4) 11 J
(D) (E) (F) Q.49 The total energy of a harmonic oscillator of mass
O t O t O t 2 kg is 9 joules. If its potential energy at mean
position is 5 joules, its K.E. at the mean position
Q.39 Which of the graph between displacement and will be :
time is correct ? (1) 9J (2) 14J (3) 4J (4) 11J
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
Q.50 The average P.E. of a body executing S.H.M. is:
Q.40 Which of the graph between velocity and time is 1 2 1
correct ? (1) ka (2) ka2 (3) ka2 (4) Zero
2 4
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
Q.51 The value of total mechanical energy of a particle
Q.41 Which of the graph between acceleration and in S.H.M. is:
time is correct ?
(1) Always constant (2) Depend on time
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
1 1
(3) kA2cos2(t + ) (4) mA2cos2(t + )
Q.42 Which of the graph between K.E. and time is 2 2
correct ? Q.52 A particle is describing SHM with amplitude ‘a’.
(1) A (2) B (3) E (4) F When the potential energy of particle is one
fourth of the maximum energy during oscillation,
Q.43 Which of the graph between P.E. and time is then its displacement from mean position will be:
correct ? a a a 2a
(1) (2) (3) (4)
(1) A (2) B (3) E (4) F 4 3 2 3

Page | 24
PHYSICS Easy to Learn….
Q.53 The ratio of K.E. of the particle at mean position Q.61 The acceleration due to gravity at height R above
to the point when distance is half of amplitude the surface of the earth is g/4. The periodic time
will be: of a simple pendulum in an artificial satellite at
1 2 4 3 this height will be:
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 3 3 2 (1) T = 2 × 2 2 / g (2) T = 2 × 3 / 2g

Q.54 A particle is executing S.H.M., If its P.E. & K.E. (3) Zero (4) Infinity
is equal then the ratio of displacement & Q.62 The length of a simple pendulum is made equal
amplitude will be : to the radius of the earth. Its period of oscillation
will be:
1 1 3
(1) (2) 2 (3) (4) (1) 84.6 min. (2) 59.8 min.
2 2 2
(3) 42.3 min. (4) 21.15 min.
Q.55 If < E > and < U > denotes the average kinetic Q.63 The maximum time period of oscillation of a
and average potential energies respectively of simple pendulum is:
mass describing a simple harmonic motion over (If its length varies g = 9.8 m/sec2)
one period then the correct relation is: (1) Infinity (2) 24 hours
(1) < E > = < U > (3) 12 hours (4) 1½ hours
(2) < E > = 2 < U > Q.64 A simple pendulum performs simple harmonic
(3) < E > = – 2 < U > motion about X = 0 with an amplitude 4 cm and
(4) < E > = – < U > time period 2 sec. The speed of the pendulum at
X = A / 2 will be (in cm/s):
Q.56 A particle executes SHM with a frequency f. The
(1) 2 3  (2) 2  (3) 3  (4) 6 2
frequency of its P.E. will be:
(1) f/2 (2) f (3) 2f (4) 4f Q.65 A simple pendulum is suspended from the ceiling
of a vehicle, its time period is T. Vehicle is
SIMPLE PENDULUM, PHYSICAL PENDULUM
moving with constant velocity, then time period
Q.57 The length of a simple pendulum is 39.2/2m. If
of simple pendulum will be :
g = 9.8 m/sec2, the value of time period is:
(1) Less than T (2) Equal to T
(1) 4 sec (2) 8 sec (3) More than T (4) Cannot predict
(3) 2 sec (4) 3 sec
SPRING SYSTEMS, OTHER OSCILLATORY
Q.58 The length of a simple pendulum is increased four
SYSTEM
times of its initial value, its time period with
Q.66 The maximum K.E. of a oscillating spring is 5
respect to its previous value will: joules and its amplitude 10 cms. The force
(1) Become twice constant of the spring is:
(2) Not be different (1) 100 Newton/m (2) 1000 Newton-m
(3) Be halved (3) 1000 Newton/m (4) 1000 watts
(4) Be 2 times Q.67 On suspending a mass m from a spring of force
Q.59 The time taken for a second pendulum from one constant k, frequency of vibration f is obtained. If
extreme point to another is: a second spring as shown in the figure, is
arranged then the frequency will be:
(1) 1 s (2) 2 s (3) 1/2 s (4) 4 s
Q.60 The length of a seconds pendulum is k m k

(approximately):
(1) 1 m (2) 1 cm (3) 2 m (4) 2 cm (1) f 2 (2) f / 2 (3) 2f (4) f

Page | 25
 Easy to Learn…. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
Q.68 In the adjoining figure the frequency of oscillation Q.72 Some springs are combined in series and parallel
for a mass m will be proportional to: arrangement as shown in the figure and a mass m
is suspended from them. The ratio of their
k1 m k2 frequencies will be:

(1) k1k2 (2) k1 + k2

k k
(3) k1 + k 2 (4) 1/ ( k1 + k 2 ) k

Q.69 A shown in the figure, two light springs of force

constant k1 and k2 oscillate a block of mass m. Its k k
effective force constant will be:
m m
k1 k2
(1) 1 : 1 (2) 2 : 1
(1) k1k2 (2) k1 + k2 (3) 3:2 (4) 4 : 1
1 1 k1 k 2
(3) + (4)
k1 k 2 k1 + k 2 Q.73 On loading a spring with bob, its period of
oscillation in a vertical plane is T. If this spring
Q.70 The spring constant of two springs of same length pendulum is tied with one end to the a friction less
are k1 and k2 as shown in figure. If an object of
table and made to oscillate in a horizontal plane,
mass m is suspended and set vibration, the time
period will be: its period of oscillation will be-
(1) T
(2) 2T
k1 k2
(3) T/2
(4) will not execute S.H.M.
m
Q.74 The length of a spring is  and its spring constant
mk1 m
(1) 2 (2) 2
k2 k1 k 2 is 50 Nm–1. It is cut into two parts of lengths 1

m m and 2 in the ratio 1 : 2. The spring constant k1 of

(3) 2 (4) 2
k1 − k 2 k1 + k 2
the part 1 will be:
Q.71 The total spring constant of the system as shown (1) 150 Nm–1 (2) 250 Nm–1
in the figure will be: (3) 200 Nm–1 (4) 100 Nm–1

Q.75 An object of 9 kg mass, moving at 8 m/sec

k1 k1 velocity strikes a spring & compresses it by a
distance x. If the force constant of the spring is
1600 N/m. What is the value of x:
k2 (1) 4 cm (2) 60 cm
(3) 20 cm (4) None of these
m
−1 Q.76 An object of mass m is suspended from a spring
k  1 1 and it executes S.H.M. with frequency . If
(1) 1 + k 2 (2)  + 
2  2k1 k 2  the mass is increased 4 times, the new frequency
−1 will be:
1 1 2 1 (1) 2 (2) /2
(3) + (4)  + 
2k1 k 2  k1 k 2  (3)  (4) /4

Page | 26
PHYSICS Easy to Learn….
Q.77 The spring constant of two springs are K1 and K2 Q.81 In figure-1 if the time period is T then calculate
respectively spring are stretch up to that limit time period for figure-2 in which two springs are
when potential energy of both becomes equal. connected in series with same mass M:-
The ratio of applied force (F1 and F2) on them will
be:
(1) K1 : K2 (2) K2 : K1 T
(1) 2T (2)
(3) K1 : K 2 (4) K 2 : K1 2
T
Q.78 Force constant of a spring is K. One fourth part is (3) 2T (4)
2
detach then force constant of remaining spring
will be: Q.82 A mass of 10g is connected to a massless spring
3 4 then time period of small oscillation is 10
(1) K (2) K
4 3 seconds. If 10 g mass is replaced by 40 g mass in
(3) K (4) 4K same spring, then its time period will be:-
(1) 5s (2) 10s
Q.79 The spring constant of a spring is K. When it is
(3) 20s (4) 40s
divided into n equal parts, then what is the spring
constant of one piece:
(1) nK (2) K / n
nK (n + 1) K
(3) (4)
(n + 1) n

Q.80 Mass ‘m’ is suspended from a spring of force

constant K. Spring is cut into two equal parts and
same mass is suspended from it, then new
frequency will be:
v
(1) 2 v (2) 2 v (3) v (4)
2

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 Easy to Learn…. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

NEET RANKER'S STUFF

SINGLE CORRECT QUESTIONS Q.6 A pendulum is executing simple harmonic
motion and its maximum kinetic energy is K1. If
Q.1 A simple pendulum oscillation in air has period the length of the pendulum is doubled and it
T. The bob of the pendulum is completely performs simple harmonic motion with the same
immersed in a non–viscous liquid. amplitude as in the first case, its maximum kinetic
The density of the liquid is (1/16)thof the material energy is K2. Then–
of the bob. If the bob is inside liquid all the time, K K
its period of oscillation in this liquid is : (1) K2 = 1 (2) K2 = 1
4 2
1 1 (3) K2 = 2K1 (4)K2 = K1
(1) 4T (2) 2T
15 10 Q.7 A simple harmonic motion is represented by:
1 1 y = 5 (sin 3t + 3 cos 3t) cm
(3) 4T (4) 2T
14 14 The amplitude and time period of the motion are:
Q.2 A particle is executing simple harmonic motion 3 2
(1) 5 cm, s (2) 5 cm, s
(SHM) of amplitude A, along the x–axis, about x = 2 3
0. When its potential Energy (PE) equals kinetic 3 2
(3) 10 cm, s (4) 10cm, s
energy (KE), the position of particle will be: 2 3
A A A Q.8 An oscillator of mass M is at rest in the equilibrium
(1) (2) (3) (4) A
2 2 2 2 1
position in a potential V = k(x – X)2. A particle
2
Q.3 A particle executes simple harmonic motion with of mass m comes from right with speed u and
an amplitude of 5 cm. When the particle is at 4 cm collides completely inelastically with M and stick
from the mean position, the magnitude of its to it. this process repeats every time the oscillator
velocity of SI units is equal to that of its crosses its equilibrium position. The amplitude of
acceleration. Then, its periodic time in seconds is: oscillation after 13 collision is
7 3 4 8 (M = 10, m = 5, u = 1, k = 1)
(1)  (2)  (3) (4) 1
3 8 3 3 2 3 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 3 5 2
Q.4 A particle undergoing simple harmonic motion has
time dependent displacement given by Q.9 A particle is executing SHM with a time period
t T. At time t = 0, it is at its position of equilibrium.
x(t) = A sin . The ratio of potential to kinetic The kinetic energy–time graph of the particle will
90
look like
energy of this particle at t = 210 s will be:
1 (1) (2)
(1) 2 (2) (3) 3 (4) 1
9
Q.5 A simple pendulum of length 1 m is oscillating
with an angular frequency 10 rad/s. The support
(3) (4)
of the pendulum starts oscillating up and down
with a small angular frequency of 1 rad/s and
an amplitude of 10–2 m. The relative change in Q.10 The ratio of maximum acceleration to maximum
the angular frequency of the pendulum is best velocity in a simple harmonic motion is 10 s1. At,
t = 0 the displacement is 5 m. What is the
given by:
maximum acceleration? The initial phase is /4.
(1) 10–3 rad/s (2) 10–1 rad/s
(1) 500 m/s2 (2) 500(2)1/2 m/s2
(3) 1 rad/s (4) 10–5 rad/s (3) 750 m/s 2
(4) 750(2)1/2 m/s2

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PHYSICS Easy to Learn….
Q.11 A particle performs simple harmonic motion with Q.16 A particle moves with simple harmonic motion in
amplitude A. Its speed is trebled at the instant that a straight line. In first s, after starting from rest
it is at a distance 2A 3 from equilibrium it travels a distance a, and in next s, it travels 2a,
position. The new amplitude of the motion is: in same direction, then:
7A A (1) time period of oscillation is 6
(1) 3 A (2) A 3 (3) (4) 41 (2) amplitude of motion is 3a
3 3
(3) time period of oscillation is 8
Q.12 Two particles are performing simple harmonic (4) amplitude of motion is 4a
motion in a straight line about the same
Q.17 Two bodies of masses 1 kg and 4 kg are
equilibrium point. The amplitude and time period connected to a vertical spring, as shown in the
for both particles are same and equal to A and T, figure. The smaller mass executes
respectively. At time t = 0 one particle has simple harmonic motion of angular
displacement A while the other one has frequency 25 rad/s, and amplitude
displacement (–A / 2) and they are moving 1.6 cm while the bigger mass
towards each other. If they cross each other at remains stationary on the ground.
The maximum force exerted by the
time t, then t is:
system on the floor is (take g = 10 ms–2).
(1) T / 6 (2) 5T / 6 (1) 20 N (2) 10 N (3) 60 N (4) 40 N
(3) T / 3 (4) T / 4
Q.18 Which of the following expressions corresponds
Q.13 In an engine the piston undergoes vertical simple to simple harmonic motion along a straight line,
harmonic motion with amplitude 7cm. A washer where x is the displacement and a, b, c are
rests on top of the piston and moves with it. The positive constants?
(1) a + bx –cx2 (2) bx2
motor speed is slowly increased. The frequency
(3) a – bx + cx2 (4) –bx
of the piston at which the washer no longer stays
Q.19 A body is in simple harmonic motion with time
in contact with the piston, is close to:
period half second (T = 0.5 s) and amplitude one
(1) 0.1 Hz (2) 1.2 Hz cm (A = 1 cm). Find the average velocity in the
(3) 0.7 Hz (4) 1.9 Hz interval in which it moves from equilibrium
Q.14 For a simple pendulum, a graph is plotted position to half of its amplitude.
(1) 4 cm/s (2) 6 cm/s (3) 12 cm/s (4) 16 cm/s
between its kinetic energy (KE) and potential
energy (PE) against its displacement d. Which Q.20 In an experiment for determining the
one of the following represents these correctly? gravitational acceleration g of a place with the
help of a simple pendulum, the measured time
(graphs are schematic and not drawn to scale) period square is plotted against the string length
E KE E PE
of the pendulum in the figure. What is the value
(1) d (2) of g at the place?
PE KE
E E
KE PE
(3) (4)
d d
PE KE

Q.15 A cylindrical block of wood (density = 650 kg (1) 9.81 m/s2 (2) 9.87 m/s2
m–3), of base area 30 cm2 and height 54 cm, (3) 9.91 m/s2 (4) 10.0 m/s2
floats in a liquid of density 900 kg m–3. The
Q.21 Two simple pendulum of length 1m and 4m
block is depressed slightly and then released. respectively are both given small displacement in
The time period of the resulting oscillations of the same direction at the same instant. They will
the block would be equal to that of a simple be again in phase after the shorter pendulum has
pendulum of length (nearly): completed number of oscillations equal to:
(1) 65 cm (2) 52 cm (3) 39 cm (4) 26 cm (1) 3 (2) 7 (3) 5 (4) 2

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 Easy to Learn…. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
Q.22 A mass = 1.0 kg is put on a flat pan attached to a ASSERTION–REASON TYPE QUESTIONS
vertical spring fixed on the ground. The mass of
the spring and the pan is negligible. When pressed Directions: Choose the correct option.
slightly and released, the mass executes simple (A) If both Assertion and Reason are true and the
harmonic motion. The spring constant is 500 Reason is correct explanation of the Assertion.
N/m. What is the amplitude A of the motion, so (B) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason
that the mass m tends to get detached from the is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
pan? The spring of stiff enough so that it does not (C) If Assertion is true, but the Reason is false.
get distorted during the motion.
(D) If Assertion is false but the Reason is true.
Q.25 Assertion: Sine and cosine functions are periodic
functions.
Reason: Sinusoidal functions repeats it values
after a definite interval of time.
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
(1) A = 2.0 cm (2) A < 2.0 cm Q.26 Assertion: Simple harmonic motion is a uniform
(3) A = 1.5 cm (4) A > 2.0 cm motion.
Q.23 A uniform cylinder of length L and mass M Reason: Simple harmonic motion is not the
having cross–sectional area A is suspended, with projection of uniform circular motion.
its length vertical, from fixed point by a massless (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
spring, such that it is half submerged in a liquid
of density  at equilibrium position. When the Q.27 Assertion: Acceleration is proportional to the
cylinder is given a downward push and released, displacement. This condition is not sufficient for
it starts oscillating vertically with a small motion in simple harmonic.
amplitude. The time period T of the oscillating of Reason: In simple harmonic motion direction of
the cylinder will be: displacement is also considered.
1
 M  2 (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
(1) Larger than 2   
 ( k + Ag )  Q.28 Assertion: The graph between velocity and
1
displacement for a harmonic oscillator is a
 M  2
parabola.
(2) smaller than 2   
 ( k + Ag ) 
Reason: Velocity changes uniformly with
displacement in harmonic motion.
1
 M  2 (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
(3) 2   
 ( k + Ag )  Q.29 Assertion: When a simple pendulum is made to
oscillate on the surface of moon, its time period
M
(4) 2  increases.
k Reason: Moon is much smaller as compared to
Q.24 The displacement y(t) = A sin (t + ) of a earth.
2 (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
pendulum for  = is correctly represented by
3 Q.30 Assertion: When a girl setting on a swing stands
up, the periodic time of the swing will increase,
Reason: In standing position of the girl, the
(1) (2) length of swing will decrease.
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
Q.31 Assertion: The rotation of the earth about its axis
is a S.H.M.
(3) (4) Reason:The earth completes each rotation about
its axis in 24 hours while orbiting around sun.
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D

Page | 30
PHYSICS Easy to Learn….
Q.32 Assertion: A simple harmonic motion of Q.37 Match the column
amplitude A has a time period T. The acceleration Column I Column II
of the oscillator when its displacement is half the (A) Acceleration- (p) Parabola
amplitude is 22A/T2 displacement graph
Reason: In S.H.M. acceleration is directly
(B) Velocity- (q) Straight line
proportional to the displacement.
acceleration graph
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
(C) Velocity time (r) Circle
Q.33 Assertion: If the length of simple pendulum is graph
equal to the radius of earth its time period is T =
(D) Acceleration-time (s) None
R'
2 graph
g
(1) (A) →(q), (B) → (s), (C) → (s), (D)→ (s)
T 2g (2) (A) →(s), (B) → (c), (C) → (q), (D)→ (p)
Reason: The radius of pendulum : r =
42 (3) (A) →(p), (B) → (c), (C) → (s), (D)→ (q)
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (4) (A) → (c), (B) → (s), (q)→ (p), (D)→ (s)
Q.34 Assertion : Time taken by a particle in SHM to
Q.38 For the x-t equation of a particle in SHM along
3A
move from x = A to x = is same as the time x-axis, match the following two columns.
2 x = 2 + 2 cos t
3A (a) Mean position (p) x = 0
taken by the particle to move from x = to
2 (b) Extreme position (q) x = 2
A (c) Maximum potential (r) x = 4
x= .
2 energy at
Reason: Corresponding angles rotated in the (d) Zero potential energy at (s) Can’t tell
reference circle are same in the given (1) (a) →(q), (b) → (p, r), (c) → (p, r), (d)→ (s)
timeintervals.
(2) (a) →(s), (b) → (p, r), (c) → (p, r), (d)→ (q)
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
(3) (a) →(p, r), (b) → (s), (c) → (q), (d)→ (r)
Q.35 Assertion : We can call circular motion also as
simple harmonic motion. (4) (a) →(p, r), (b) → (p, r), (c) → (s), (d)→ (q)
Reason : Angular velocity in uniform circular Q.39 x-t equation of a particle in SHM is, x = 4 + 6 sin t.
motion and angular frequency in simpleharmonic Match the following tables corresponding to time
motion have the same meanings. taken in moving from
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (a) x = 10m to x = 4m 1
(p) Second
MATCH THE COLUMN TYPE QUESTIONS 3
(b) x = 10m to x = 7m 1
Q.36 Match the following column. Here, I represent (q) Second
intensity, A amplitude and r distance from the source. 2
Column I Column II (c) x = 7m to x = 1m (r) 1 Second
a. I due to point source p.  r–1/2 (d) x = 10m to x = − 2m (s) None
b. A due to point source q.  r– (1) (a) →(r), (b) → (s), (c) → (p), (d)→ (q)
c. I due to line source r.  r–2 (2) (a) →(p), (b) → (q), (c) → (r), (d)→ (s)
d.A due to line source s.  r− (3) (a) →(q), (b) → (p), (c) → (p), (d)→ (r)
(1) a → r, b → q, c → q, d → p (4) (a) →(p), (b) → (p), (c) → (p), (d)→ (q)
(2) a → p, b → q, c → r, d → s
(3) a → q, b → q, c → s, d → r
(4) a → r, b → p, c → q, d →rs

Page | 31
 Easy to Learn…. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

NEET–FLASHBACK
Q.1 Two particles are oscillating along two close Q.6 Average velocity of a particle executing SHM in
parallel straight lines side by side, with the same one complete vibration is: [NEET- 2019]
frequency and amplitudes. They pass each other
moving in opposite directions when their A2
(1) (2) zero
displacement is half of the amplitude. The mean 2
position of the two particles lie on a straight line A
perpendicular to the paths of the two particles. The (3) (4) A
2
phase difference is: – [AIPMT Mains-2011]
 2
(1) (2) 0 (3) (4)  Q.7 The displacement of a particle executing simple
6 3 harmonic motion is given by
Q.2 A particle is executing SHM along a straight line. y = A0 + A sint + B cost
Its velocities at distance x1 and x2 from the mean Then the amplitude of its oscillation is given by:
position are V1 and V2, respectively. Its time [NEET- 2019]
period is: [AIPMT - 2015]
A02 + ( A + B)
2
x 22 – x12 V 2 + V22 (1)
(1) 2 (2) 2 12
V12 – V22 x1 + x 22 (2) A + B

V12 – V22 x12 + x 22 (3) A0 + A2 + B2

(3) 2 (4) 2
x12 – x 22 V12 + V22
(4) A2 + B2
Q.3 A particle executes linear simple harmonic Q.8 The distance covered by a particle undergoing
motion with an amplitude of 3 cm. When the
SHM in one time period is (amplitude = A) –
particle is at 2 cm from the mean position, the
[NEET- 2019]
magnitude of its velocity is equal to that of its
acceleration. Then its time period in seconds is: (1) 4A (2) A (3) 2A (4) zero
[NEET - 2017] Q.9 Identify the function which represents a periodic
5 5 4 2 motion [NEET- 2020]
(1) (2) (3) (4)
 2 5 3 (1) et (2) loge (t)
Q.4 A spring of force constant k is cut into lengths of (3) sin t + cos t (4) e–t
ratio 1 : 2 : 3. They are connected in series and
Q.10 A body is executing simple harmonic motion
the new force constant is k'. Then they are
with frequency '𝑛', the frequency of its potential
connected in parallel and force constant is k''.
Then k' : k'' is : [NEET - 2017] energy is: [NEET- 2021]
(1) 1 : 6 (2) 1 : 9 (3) 1 : 11 (4) 1 : 14 (1) n (2) 2n (3) 3n (4) 4n

Q.5 A pendulum is hung from the roof of a Q.11 Two pendulums of length 121 cm and 100 cm
sufficiently high building and is moving freely to start vibrating in phase. At some instant, the two
and fro like a simple harmonic oscillator. are at their mean position in the same phase. The
The acceleration of the bob of the pendulum is 20 minimum number of vibration of the shorter
m/s2 at a distance of 5 m from the mean position.
pendulum after which the two are again in phase
The time period of oscillation is [NEET- 2018]
at the mean position is: [NEET 2022]
(1) 2  sec (2)  sec
(3) 2 sec (4) 1 sec (1) 10 (2) 8 (3) 11 (4) 9

Page | 32
PHYSICS Easy to Learn….
Q.12 The x-t graph of a particle performing simple
harmonic motion is shown in the figure. The
acceleration of the particle at t = 2 s is
[NEET 2023]

(2)

2 2
(1) − ms −2 (2) ms −2
8 16
2 2
(3) − ms −2 (4) ms −2
16 8
Q.13 If the mass of the bob in a simple pendulum is (3)
increased to thrice its original mass and its length
is made halfits original length, then the new time
x
period of oscillation is times its original time
2
period. Then the value ofx is: [NEET 2024]
(1) 3 (2) 2
(3) 2 3 (4) 4
(4)
Q.14 In an oscillating spring mass system, a spring is
connected to a box filled with sand. As the box
oscillates, sand leaks slowly out of the box
vertically so that the average frequency 𝜔(𝑡) and Q.15 Two identical point masses 𝑃 and 𝑄, suspended
average amplitude 𝐴(𝑡) of the system change with from two separate massless springs of spring
time 𝑡. Which one of the following options constants k1 and k 2 , respectively, oscillate
schematically depicts these changes correctly? vertically. If their maximum speeds are the same,
[NEET 2025] the ratio ( 𝐴𝑄 /𝐴𝑃 ) of the amplitude 𝐴𝑄 of mass
𝑄 to the amplitude 𝐴𝑃 of mass 𝑃 is:
[NEET 2025]
k2 k1
(1) (2)
k1 k2
(1) k k
(3) √k2 (4) √k1
1 2

Page | 33
 Easy to Learn…. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

ANSWER KEY
PRACTICE SECTION-01
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ans: 3 1,2,3 1 1,2,4 2 3 2 1 3

PRACTICE SECTION-02
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans: 3 3 2 3 1 3 1 1 4 1

PRACTICE SECTION-03
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Ans: 4 1 3 3 2 3 1

TOPIC WISE QUESTIONS

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ans. 4 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 4 4 2 3 3 2 4
Que. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Ans. 3 2 4 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 4 1 1 3 1
Que. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
Ans. 1 1 3 1 2 4 3 3 2 3 4 3 4 4 4
Que. 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Ans. 2 3 4 3 2 1 3 3 1 1 3 1 1 1 1
Que. 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75
Ans. 4 2 4 1 2 3 1 3 4 4 2 3 1 1 2
Que. 76 77 78 79 80 81 82
Ans. 2 3 2 1 2 1 3

NEET-RANKER'S STUFF
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ans. 1 3 4 3 1 3 4 2 2 2 3 1 4 4 3
Que. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Ans. 1 3 4 3 2 4 4 3 1 1 4 1 4 2 4
Que. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
Ans. 4 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 3

NEET-FLASHBACK
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ans. 3 1 3 3 2 2 4 4 3 2 3 3 2 2 4

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