21. Define Object-Oriented Programming (OOP).
2 CO1 K1
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based
on the concept of objects that contain data (variables) and methods
(functions) to perform operations. It focuses on modeling real-world
entities in software.
22. List any two principles of Object-Oriented Programming. 2 CO1 K1
Any two principles of OOP are:
1. Encapsulation
2. Inheritance
23. Differentiate between Procedural Programming and Object-Oriented 2 CO1 K2
Programming (any two points).
Procedural Programming Object-Oriented Programming
Focuses on functions and Focuses on objects and classes
procedures
Data and functions are separate Data and methods are bundled
together
24. What is JVM? State its purpose. 2 CO1 K2
JVM (Java Virtual Machine) is a virtual machine that executes Java
bytecode.
Its purpose is to make Java programs platform-independent and manage
memory and execution of Java programs.
25. Who developed Java and in which company? 2 CO1 K1
Java was developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems.
26. Define class and object. 2 CO1 K2
Class: A class is a blueprint or template used to create objects.
Object: An object is an instance of a class that represents a real-world
entity.
27. Give two real-world applications of Object-Oriented Programming. 2 CO1 K3
Two real-world applications of OOP are:
1. Banking systems (ATM, Online Banking)
2. E-commerce applications (Amazon, Flipkart)
28. What do you mean by JDK? 2 CO1 K1
JDK (Java Development Kit) is a software development kit used to develop
Java programs. It includes JRE, compiler (javac), and other development
tools.
29. What is an identifier? Write any two rules for naming identifiers. 2 CO2 K1
An identifier is the name given to a variable, class, or method.
Two rules:
1. It must not start with a digit.
2. It should not be a Java keyword (like int, class, if).
30. What is type casting? Mention its two types. 2 CO2 K1
Type casting is the process of converting one data type into another.
Two types:
1. Implicit casting (Widening)
2. Explicit casting (Narrowing)
31. What are command line arguments? 2 CO2 K1
Command line arguments are values passed to a program at the time of
execution through the command prompt.
32. Define unary and binary operators with one example each. 2 CO2 K1
Unary operator: An operator that works on one operand.
Example: ++a
Binary operator: An operator that works on two operands.
Example: a + b
33. Define array. Write one advantage of using arrays. 2 CO2 K1
An array is a collection of elements of the same data type stored in
contiguous memory locations.
Advantage: It allows storing multiple values using a single variable name.
34. What are the Primitive datatypes? 2 CO2 K2
The primitive data types in Java are:
byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, boolean.
35. What is the output of the following: 2 C02 K3
int a = 10, b = 5, c = 2;
int result = a + b * c - a / b + c;
[Link](result);
b * c = 5 × 2 = 10
a / b = 10 / 5 = 2
result = 10 + 10 − 2 + 2 = 20
36. Define inheritance and mention its types. 2 CO3 K1
Inheritance is the process by which one class acquires the properties of
another class.
Types of inheritance:
1. Single
2. Multilevel
3. Hierarchical
4. Multiple (through interface)
5. Hybrid
37. Distinguish between interface and abstract class (any two points). 2 CO3 K2
Can have Contains only abstract methods
abstract and
non-abstract
methods
Uses extends keyword Uses implements keyword
38. Write the purpose of access specifiers in Java. 2 CO3 K2
Access specifiers control the visibility and accessibility of classes, methods,
and variables in Java.
39. What is meant by multiple inheritance using interfaces? 2 CO3 K2
Multiple inheritance using interfaces means a class can implement more
than one interface and inherit their methods.
40. What is a package in Java? 2 CO3 K1
A package is a collection of related classes and interfaces grouped
together to organize code and avoid name conflicts.