1. What is problem solving in programming?
Problem solving in programming is the process of analyzing a problem, designing a logical
solution, and implementing it using a programming language.
2. What is an algorithm?
An algorithm is a finite, ordered set of steps used to solve a specific problem.
3. What is Von-Neumann Architecture?
Von-Neumann architecture is a computer design model where data and instructions share the
same memory and are processed by a single CPU.
4. What is pseudo-code?
Pseudo-code is an informal, language-independent representation of an algorithm written in
simple English-like statements.
5. What is a variable?
A variable is a named memory location used to store a value that can change during program
execution.
6. What are data types in pseudo-code?
Data types define the kind of data a variable can hold, such as integer, real, character, or
boolean.
7. What is the C Standard Library?
The C Standard Library is a collection of predefined functions and macros used for
input/output, math operations, string handling, etc.
8. What is meant by open-source software?
Open-source software is software whose source code is freely available for use, modification,
and distribution.
9. What is input/output in C and C++?
Input/output in C refers to reading data from input devices using functions like scanf() and
displaying output using printf() for C++ cin and cout.
10. What is an arithmetic expression?
An arithmetic expression is a combination of operators and operands used to perform
mathematical calculations.
11. What is operator precedence?
Operator precedence determines the order in which operators are evaluated in an expression.
12. What is integer division in C?
Integer division discards the fractional part of the result when both operands are integers.
13. What is a flowchart?
A flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm using standardized symbols like
diamond for a condition etc.
14. What is the role of a compiler?
A compiler translates high-level source code into machine code and reports syntax errors.
15. What is the role of a linker?
A linker combines object files and libraries into a single executable program.
16. What is test driving a C application?
Test driving means executing a program with test data to verify correctness and remove errors.
17. What are relational operators?
Relational operators compare two values and return true (1) or false (0), e.g., <, >, ==.
18. What is the purpose of the if statement?
The if statement executes a block of code only if a condition is true.
19. What is a nested control statement?
A nested control statement is a control structure inside another control structure, such as an if
inside a loop.
20. What is the for loop used for?
The for loop is used when the number of iterations is known in advance.
21. What is the switch statement?
The switch statement allows multi-way selection based on the value of an expression.
22. What is the use of break statement?
The break statement terminates a loop immediately.
23. What is the purpose of functions in C and C++?
Functions divide a program into smaller, reusable modules, improving readability and
maintainability.
24. What is a function prototype?
A function prototype declares a function’s name, return type, and parameters before its use.
25. What is recursion?
Recursion is a technique where a function calls itself to solve a problem.
26. Difference between recursion and iteration?
Recursion uses function calls, while iteration uses loops to repeat operations.
27. What is an array?
An array is a collection of elements of the same data type stored in contiguous memory
locations.
28. What is a multidimensional array?
A multidimensional array is an array with more than one dimension, such as a 2D array.
29. What is a pointer?
A pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable.
30. What is pointer arithmetic?
Pointer arithmetic involves incrementing or decrementing pointers to access array elements.
31. What are strings in C?
Strings in C are character arrays terminated by a null character (\0).
32. What is the purpose of printf()?
printf() is used to display formatted output on the screen.
33. What is a structure?
A structure is a user-defined data type that groups different data types under one name.
34. What is a union?
A union allows different data types to share the same memory location.
35. What are bitwise operators?
Bitwise operators perform operations at the bit level, such as AND (&), OR (|), XOR (^).
36. What is an enumeration?
An enumeration is a user-defined data type consisting of named integer constants.
37. What is file processing in C?
File processing allows programs to store and retrieve data permanently using files.
38. What is a preprocessor directive?
Preprocessor directives are instructions processed before compilation, e.g., #include, #define.
39. What is dynamic memory allocation?
Dynamic memory allocation allows memory to be allocated at runtime using functions like
calloc() and realloc().
40. What is a linked list?
A linked list is a dynamic data structure consisting of nodes connected using pointers.