CUTM1048 Digital Signal & Image Processing _Question

Bank_EVEN_2023-24
Part A : Short Questions
Q No Question Module No CO Mapping
1 Write Mathematical Expression to Evaluate Z-Transfor? Find the z-transform of discrete-time unit impulse signal 1 CO1

A discrete-time signal is expressed as x(n) (n 1)  2(n) 5(n 3)  2(n  4) Find its z-transform. 1 CO1
2

3
Obtain the z-transform of the discrete-time signal xn   u n . 1 CO1

4 Sate the initial value theorem of Z-transform 1 CO1

5 Write the properties of ROC in Z-plane 1 CO1
6 Give the condition for stabilty of an LTI discrete time System 1 CO1
n
1
Evaluate the z-transform of the following signal x n     .u n  1 CO1
2
7
n
Detrermine the Stability of the following signal in z-domain x n    1  . u n  1 CO1
8  2 

9 Find relationship between Fourier transform and Z-Transform 2 CO1

n
Find the Fourier Transform of discretee time signal x ( n )  a u (  n  1 ) where a  1 2 CO2
10
11 How is the periodic convolution of two sequences x1 (n) and x2 (n) performed using DFT? 2 CO2
12 What is the drawback of Fourier transform and how it is overcome? 2 CO2
13 What is the relation between DTFT and DFT 2 CO2
14 Evaluate DFT of the discrete time sequence x(n)={1, 2} 2 CO2
What is the twiddle factor in the context of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), and how is it used in the computation of the
2 CO2
15 DFT?
How many complex multiplication and addition are needed for the direct computation and Radix-2 FFT computation of an N-
2 CO2
16 point DFT?
17 Draw radix-2 DIT-FFT Butterfly diagram for 4-Point FFT 2 CO2
18 What are the phase Factor involved in third stage of comutation in the 8-point DIT radix-2 FFT 2 CO2
19 Draw radix-2 DIF-FFT Butterfly diagram for 4-Point FFT 2 CO2
20 What are the phase Factor involved in first stage of comutation in the 8-point DIF radix-2 FFT 2 CO2
21 For FIR filter show how analog system function is mapped into digital system function? 3 CO3
22 A digital filter has following impulse response h(n)={-3,2,1,-2,3}? Is it a linear phase filter? Justify your answer? 3 CO3
23 Explain symmetric and anti-symmetric FIR Filter? 3 CO3
What is the linear phase filter? What conditions are to be satisfied by the impulse response of an FIR system to have a linear
3 CO3
24 phase?
How many number of Additions, multiplications and memory locations are required to realize the system H(z) having M-zeros
4 CO3
25 and N-poles in Direct form-I Realizations.
26 What is meant by frequency warping ?What is the cause of this effect ? 4 CO3
How many number of Additions, multiplications and memory locations are required to realize the system H(z) having M-zeros
and N-poles in Direct form-II Realizations 4 CO3
27
28 What are the different design techniques available on IIR filters ? 4 CO3
29 Draw the direct form-I Structure of Nth order IIR system with equal number of poles and zeros 4 CO3
30 Give the comparison between Impulse invariance method and bilinear transformation method? 4 CO3
31 What are the fundamental steps in digital image processing? 5 CO4
32 What are the components of image processing system 5 CO4
33 Explain a simple image model? 5 CO4
34 With suitable exmple explian pixel connectivity? 5 CO4
35 Differentatite between City block distance and Chess board distance? 5 CO4
36 What is the significance of pixel relationships such as neighbor and adjacency in image processing? 5 CO4
37 Define sampling and quantization in the context of image processing. 5 CO4
38 Explain the concept of color images and provide an example of a color model 5 CO4
39 Write two principle categories of spatial processing and differentiate betwwen them 6 CO4
40 Explain a typical intesity transformation function? 6 CO4
41 What is image neagtive ? Write its application 6 CO5
42 Compare between spatial domain and frequency domain filtering ? 6 CO5
43 What are the basic steps of frequency domain filtering? 6 CO5
44 Establish relationship between Spatial domain Filetering and Frequency domain filtering? 6 CO5
45 Explain the model of image degradation and restoration process 7 CO5
46 Define Gaussian noise and Salt and Pepper noise 7 CO5
47 How does the restoration process differ when dealing with Gaussian noise compared to Salt and Pepper noise 7 CO5
48 What role do order statistic filters play in image restoration? Provide examples of order statistic filters. 7 CO5
49 How does Min-Max filtering differ from median filtering in image restoration 7 CO5
50 How are mean filters used in image restoration? Provide an example scenario where mean filters can be effective. 7 CO5
Part B : Long Questions
Q No Question Module No CO Mapping
a) Find the z-transform and the ROC of the signal.
.    
x ( n )  3 2 n  4 3 n u n 
z2
b) Find the time domain initial value x(0) and final value x(∞) of the z-domain signal X ( z)  1 CO1
( z  1)( z  0 .2 )
1
Find the response of the time invariant system with impulse response h(n)={1, 2, 1, -1} to an input signal x(n)={1, 2, 3, 1}
1 CO1
2 using Z-transfrom
5
3  z 1
1 X ( z)  6
Determine the inverse Z-Transform of the function X(z) for ROC z  1 CO1
3  1 1   1 1 
1  4 z   1  3 z 
3    
Determine the response of LTI discrete Time system governed by the difference equation : y(n)-2y(n-1)-3y(n-2)=x(n)+4x(n-1)
1 CO1
4 for the input x(n)=2^n* u(n) and with initial condition y(-2)=0, y(-1)=5
Determine the inverse Z-Transform of following function by Partial Fraction Expansion Method

4z 2  2z 1 CO1
X (z) 
5
z  5z 2  8z  4
3

Determine the transfer function and impulse response of the ststem described by the difference equation
y(n)= 0.2x(n)-0.5x(n-1)+0.6y(n-1)-0.08y(n-2) using Z-Transfrom. Determine the ROC AND stability of the System desribed by 1 CO1
6 difference equation
Determine the Unit Step response whose input and output relation is described by difference equation y(n)+3y(n-1)=x(n).
1 CO1
7 Where the initaila condition is y(-1)=1.
Determine the response of an LTI system whose impulse reponse h(n) and input x(n) given by x(n)={1,2,-1,1} ,
1 CO1
8 h(n)={0,0.5,1,1.5,2} using Circular convolution
9 With suitable examples Write and Explain all the properties of Z-Transform 1 CO1
10 Compute 4 point DFT of casual sequence given by x(n)=0.5; 0≤n≤3. Sketch the Magnitude and phase Spectrum 2 CO2
11 Compute Circular convolution on the following sequence using DFT X1(n)={-1,2,-2,1} and X2(n)={1,-2,-1,2} 2 CO2
12 In an LTI system the input x(n)={1,2,-1} and h(n)={2,-1}. Determine the response of LTI system using DFT method 2 CO2
What is Radix-r Alogorithm? Compute 8-point DFT of the discrete time signal x(n)={1,3,1,2,1,3,1,2} using Radix-2 DIT-FFT
2 CO2
13 Algorithm
What is Radix-r Alogorithm? Compute 8-point DFT of the discrete time signal x(n)={1,3,1,2,1,3,1,2} using Radix-2 DIF-FFT
2 CO2
14 Algorithm
What is Radix-r Alogorithm? Compute 8-point DFT of the discrete time signal x(n)=(1,-1,-1,-1,1,1,1,-1) using Radix-2 DIT-FFT
2 CO2
15 Algorithm
What is Radix-r Alogorithm? Compute 8-point DFT of the discrete time signal x(n)={1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2} using Radix-2 DIF-FFT
2 CO2
16 Algorithm
17 With suitable examples Write and Explain all the properties of DFT 2 CO2
18 Compute IDFT of the sequence given by X(K)={1,0.-j/3,1/3,j/3} 2 CO2
19 Compute the FFT for the sequence x(n)= n^2+1 where N=8 using radix-2 DIT algorithm 2 CO2
20 Compute the DFT of the sequence x(n)=a^n , where N=8 and a=3 using Radix-2 DIF Algorithm 2 CO2
What is FIR System? Write an expression to represent FIR system in Z-Domain? Draw the Direct Form structure of FIR system
described by the trnsfer function
1 3 1 1 1 3 CO3
H ( z)  1  z 1  z 2  z 3  z 4  z 5
21 2 4 4 2 8
Realize the following FIR systems with minimum number of Multiplier

 1   1  1 3 3 3 1 3 CO3
H ( z )  1  z 1  z  2   2  z 1  2 z  2   y(n)   x(n)  x(n1)  x(n 2)  x(n 3)  x(n 4)
 8   9  2 5 8 5 2
22
Design a ideal low pass filter with a frequency response
Hd(e^jw) = e-j3w for π/4≤|w|≤π
=0 for |w|≤|π/4 3 CO3
Using Hanning window Technique for N=11.
23
Design a ideal low pass filter with a frequency response
Hd(e^jw) = e-j3w for –π/4≤w≤π/4
=0 for π/4≤|w|≤|π 3 CO3
Using Hamming window Technique for N=7
24
Obtain cascade and parallel form of realisation of the LTI system governed by the equation

5 1 1 4 CO3
y(n)   y(n  1)  y(n  2)  y(n  3)  x(n)  5x(n  1)  6 x(n  2)
4 8 16
25
 Realize the Direct form-1 and direct form-ii of the IIR system represented by transfer function

2( z  2) 4 CO3
H ( z) 
(z  0.1)(z  0.5)(z  0.4)
26
Using Bilinear transform technique, design a high pass filter, monotonic in pass band with cutoff frequency 2000π rad/sec and
4 CO3
27 down 10dB at 700π rad/sec. The sampling frequency 5 KHz.
Design a Butterworth Low Pass Filter using the impulse variance method for the analog filter having system function for
T=1sec.
5 4 CO3
H a ( s) 
28 s 3  6 s 2  11s  6
Design a digital Butterworth filter satisfying the following constraints with T=1 Sec using Bilinear Transformation Technique


0.707  H (e j )  1; for0   
2 4 CO3
3
H (e j )  0.2; for   
29
4
Design a digital butterworth High Pass Filter using the impulse variance method for the filter that has a 2dB passband
attenuation at a [Link] of 20 rad/sec and atleast 10dB Stopband attenuation at 30 rad/sec. Assume Sampling period is 4 CO3
30 1sec.
Describe the components of a simple image model and its relevance in digital image processing. Discuss how this model
5 CO4
31 represents images in terms of pixels, intensity levels, and spatial dimensions
Explain steps involved in image processing, from acquisition to output, highlighting each stage's significance in the overall
5 CO4
32 process. Provide suitable example in each stage
Explain the concepts of sampling and quantization in the context of digital image processing. Discuss the importance of these
processes in converting continuous images into discrete representations, and analyze their impact on image quality, 5 CO4
33 resolution, and file size.
Explain in detail the concepts of pixel relationships, including neighbor and adjacency, within the context of digital image
5 CO4
34 processing.
Define brightness and contrast enhancement techniques, elucidating their significance in adjusting the overall appearance of
6 CO4
35 an image.
Explain the fundamental concept of spatial domain enhancement in digital image processing. Explain its role in improving the
6 CO4
36 visual quality and interpretability of images.
Explain basic gray-level enhancement methods on the image negative transformation. Describe the process of converting
6 CO4
37 each pixel's intensity value to its complementary.
Explain what is Histogram Equalisation? Explain how histogram equalization enhances image contrast and improves visibility
6 CO4
38 of details in both dark and bright regions of the image.
Explain how Fourier Transform decomposes an image into its frequency components, enabling analysis and manipulation in
6 CO4
39 the frequency domain.
Explain the process of filtering in the frequency domain?Describe how low-pass filters attenuate high-frequency components
6 CO4
40 to achieve smoothing effects?
Explain the concept of 2D Fourier Transform and its significance in image processing. Explain how Fourier Transform
6 CO4
41 decomposes an image into its frequency components, enabling analysis and manipulation in the frequency domain.
Explain the process of filtering in the frequency domain?Describe how high-pass filters suppress low-frequency components to
42 enhance edge sharpness.
Explain the concept of image restoration in digital image processing, delineating its significance in recovering degraded or
7 CO5
43 corrupted images to their original quality
Describe the model of image degradation and restoration process, outlining the stages involved in degrading an image through
7 CO5
44 various factors such as noise, blur, and geometric distortions.
With Suitable Examples explain how Gaussian noise and Salt and Pepper noise are two common types of noise encountered in
7 CO5
45 digital images and process to restore the original image?
Explain the fundamental principles of image restoration and its significance in digital image processing. Discuss the main
7 CO5
46 challenges faced in restoring degraded images and the key factors influencing the restoration process.
Describe in detail the model of image degradation and restoration, highlighting the stages involved and the mathematical
formulations used to represent the degradation process. Discuss how this model guides the development of restoration 7 CO5
47 algorithms
Explain in detail the concept of mean filtering for image restoration, including its principles, advantages, and limitations with
7 CO5
48 suitable examples
Esplain the theory behind order statistic filters, focusing on median filtering techniques. Explain how these filters operate
7 CO5
49 with its applications for image restoration
Esplain the theory behind order statistic filters using min-max filtering techniques. Explain how these filters operate with its
7 CO5
50 applications for image restoration
Part C : Short Notes
Q No Question Module No CO Mapping
1 Classification of Discrete Time Signals 1 CO1
2 Prperties of Z-Transfom 1 CO1
3 System Function of Linear Time-Invariant Systems 1 CO1
4 Linearity, Time Shifting, Scaling in Z-Transform 1 CO1
5 Convolution in Digital Signal Processing 1 CO1
6 Circular Convolution using Z-Transform 1 CO1
7 Digital Signal Processing Applications in Communication Systems 1 CO1
8 Relationship between DTFT and DFT 2 CO1
9 Properties of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) 2 CO1
10 Radix-2 FFT Algorithms: DIT 2 CO2
11 Circular Convolution and Multiplication of DFTs 2 CO2
12 Radix-2 FFT Algorithms: DIF 2 CO2
13 Twiddle Factor 2 CO2
14 Phase Factor 2 CO2
15 FIR Filter Structures: Direct Form-I and Direct Form-II 3 CO2
16 Linear Phase FIR Filter Design 3 CO2
17 Design of FIR Filters Using Rectangular Window 3 CO2
18 FIR Filter Structures: Direct Form-II 3 CO2
19 Design of FIR Filters Using Hanning Window 3 CO2
20 Design of FIR Filters Using Hamming Window 3 CO2
21 Advantages and Limitations of FIR Filters 3 CO3
22 Design of IIR Filters from Analog Filters: Butterworth Approximation 4 CO3
23 IIR Filter Design by Impulse Invariance 4 CO3
24 Realization of Digital Filters: Direct Form-I 4 CO3
25 Bilinear Transformation Technique 4 CO3
26 Realization of Digital Filters: Direct Form-II 4 CO3
27 Realization of Digital Filters: Cascade Form 4 CO3
28 Realization of Digital Filters: Parallel Form 4 CO3
29 Basics of Digital Images: Types and Formats 5 CO3
30 Image Acquisition and Sampling Theory 5 CO3
31 Color Models 5 CO4
32 Image Enhancement Techniques: Spatial Domain Methods 5 CO4
33 Image Segmentation and Feature Extraction 5 CO4
34 Image Compression and Quantization 5 CO4
35 Image sampling and Quantaisation 5 CO4
36 Spatial Domain Image Enhancement Techniques 6 CO4
37 Contrast Stretching and Histogram Equalization 6 CO4
38 Noise Reduction Methods: Smoothing Filters 6 CO4
39 Sharpening Filters and Edge Enhancement 6 CO4
40 Frequency Domain Image Enhancement: Filtering 6 CO4
41 Image Restoration Techniques 6 CO4
42 Histogram Equalization 6
43 Introduction to Image Restoration: Concepts and Goals 7 CO5
44 Model of Image Degradation and Restoration Process 7 CO5
45 Types of Image Degradation 7 CO5
46 Gaussian Noise 7 CO5
47 Salt and Pepper Noise 7 CO5
48 Mean Filters 7 CO5
49 Median Filtering 7 CO5
50 Min-Max Filtering 7 CO5