Continuity & Differentiability

Continuity Differentiability 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒇’(𝒙)

x 1
Graphically: If there is no break, it is continuous
Graphically: If it is smooth and continuous, then fn. is k (any number) 0
LHL= lim− 𝑓(𝑥), RHL= lim+ 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 differentiable k.x k
If LHL=RHL, then limit exists (lim 𝑓(𝑥)) 𝒇 𝒂+𝒉 −𝒇 𝒂
𝑥→𝑎 Derivative by First Principle: lim
𝒉
𝑥𝑛 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1
𝒉→𝟎
If 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) =f(a), then it is continuous at x=a k.f(x) k.f’(x)
𝒙→𝒂
𝒇(𝒙) − 𝒇 𝒂
lim
• All polynomial fns. are continuous ∀ℝ 𝒙→𝒂 𝒙−𝒂 sin(x) cos(x)
• Sinx, Cosx are continuous ∀ ℝ cos(x) -sin(x)
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑, 𝐢𝐟 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐 𝒇(𝒙) − 𝒇 𝒂 𝒇(𝒙) − 𝒇 𝒂
tan(x) sec2(x)
𝒇 𝒙 = ቊ lim− lim+
𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑, 𝐢𝐟 𝒙 > 𝟐 𝒙−𝒂 𝒙−𝒂
𝒙→𝒂 𝒙→𝒂 cosec(x) -cosec(x).cot(x)
Left Hand Derivative Right Hand Derivative
sec(x) sec(x).tan(x)
LHD RHD
Algebra of Cont. Fn cot(x) -cosec2(x)
Show that |x| is not differentiable at x=0
If g is continuous at c and if f is continuous at g 𝑒𝑥 𝑒𝑥
(c), then (f o g) is continuous at c. Derivatives log(𝑥) 1ൗ
𝑥

𝑑( ) 1ൗ −1ൗ
Show that f (x) = | cos x | is a continuous fn. Derivate with respect to x = or f’(x) or y’ 𝑥 𝑥2
𝑑𝑥
Show that f (x) = 𝒔𝒊𝒏|𝒙| is a continuous fn. 1ൗ
𝑥 2 𝑥
 Continuity & Differentiability
Product & Quotient Rule Inverse Trigo Fn. Logarithmic Differentiation

u ′ u′ v − uv′ 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒇’(𝒙) log 𝑎 + log 𝑏 = log 𝑎𝑏

uv ′
= u′ v + uv ′ = 𝑒 log 𝑥 = 𝑥
v v2
1 log 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑛. log 𝑥 𝑎
sin−1 𝑥 log 𝑎 − log 𝑏 = log
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 1 − 𝑥2 𝑏
Find the derivate of 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒙).𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒙) & d x
𝒙
−1
1 a = ax log a 𝑑𝑦 𝑥
cos 𝑥 − dy Find log 𝑥 + 𝑥 log 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
1 − 𝑥2
Chain Rule 1 Find
𝑑𝑦
𝑥𝑦 = 𝑦𝑥
tan −1
𝑥 Differentiate 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Keep on differentiating from outermost fn to 1 + 𝑥2

Parametric Function
innermost until you reach ‘x’ 2x, 3x formula
𝑑𝑦ൗ 𝑑𝑦
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒙 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡 Find 𝑑𝑥 if 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑡 2 , 𝑦 = 2𝑎𝑡
Find the derivate of sin(x 2), tan(2x+3), e 5x =
2. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 4 sin3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥ൗ 𝑥 = 𝑎(𝜃 + sin 𝜃) , 𝑦 = 𝑎(1 − cos 𝜃)
cos 2 𝑥 − sin2 𝑥 𝑑𝑡
2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟑𝒙
Implicit Function 1 + tan2 𝑥 2 cos 2 𝑥 − 1
3𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − tan3 𝑥 Second Order Derivative
𝑑𝑦 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐𝒙 1 − 2 sin2 𝑥 1 − 3 tan2 𝑥
Remember: Derivate of y WRT x is
𝑑𝑥 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝒙
1 − tan2 𝑥 𝑑2𝑦
𝑑𝑦
1 − tan2 𝑥
1 + tan2 𝑥
3
4 cos 𝑥 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑2𝑦 ′′
• Find 𝑑𝑥 2 if 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + tan 𝑥
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 , 𝑖𝑓 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = sin 𝑦 = 𝑦 = 𝑓′′(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 • If 𝑦 = 𝐴 sin 𝑥 + 𝐵 cos 𝑥, then
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑦 = 100 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 , 𝑦 = sin−1 (2𝑥 1 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑2𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 prove that 𝑑𝑥 2 + y = 0
 INTEGRALS
Indefinite Integral
Variable of
Integration
Some Particular Functions Partial Fractions
𝒇(𝒙) න 𝒇 (𝒙) 𝒅𝒙
dx 1 x−a
∫ f(x) dx = F(x) + c 𝑒𝑥 𝑒𝑥 + c
1. ‫ ׬‬x2−a2 = 2a log x+a
+C
Integral Form of Rational Fn Form of Partial Fraction
Sign Constant of
Integrand dx 1 a+x
Integration 1ൗ log |𝑥| + c 2. ‫ ׬‬a2−x2 = 2a log +C
𝑥 a−x

𝑎𝑥
𝒇(𝒙) න 𝒇 (𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 𝑎𝑥 +c dx 1 x
log 𝑎 3. ‫ ׬‬x2+a2 = a tan−1 a + C 𝒑𝒙 + 𝒒 𝑨 𝑩
+
1 (𝒙 − 𝒂)(𝒙 − 𝒃) 𝒙−𝒂 𝒙−𝒃
1 x+c sin−1 𝑥+ c
1 − 𝑥2 4. ‫׬‬
dx
= log x + x2 − a2 + C
x2 −a2
k k.x + c 1 𝒑𝒙 + 𝒒 𝑨 𝑩
− cos−1 𝑥+ c 𝒙−𝒂 𝟐 𝒙−𝒂
+
𝒙−𝒂 𝟐
𝑛 𝑥 𝑛+1 1 − 𝑥2 dx x
𝑥 +c 5. ‫׬‬ = sin−1 a + C
𝑛+1 a2 −x 2
1
𝐹 𝑥 tan−1 𝑥+ c
𝑓(𝑘𝑥) +c 1 + 𝑥2 dx 𝒑𝒙𝟐 + 𝒒𝒙 + 𝒓 𝑨 𝑩 𝑪
𝑘 6. ‫׬‬ = log x + x2 + a2 + C + +
x2 +a 2 (𝒙 − 𝒂)(𝒙 − 𝒃)(𝒙 − 𝒄) 𝒙−𝒂 𝒙−𝒃 𝒙−𝒄
sin(x) -cos(x) + c Practice NCERT Ex 7.1 Question &
dx
cos(x) sin(x) + c
7.2 Questions for Substitution 7. ‫ ׬‬ax2+bx+c →Complete the square and use 1,2,3
𝒑𝒙𝟐 + 𝒒𝒙 + 𝒓 𝑨 𝑩 𝑪
+ 𝟐 +
𝒙 − 𝒂 𝟐(𝒙 − 𝒃) 𝒙−𝒂 𝒙−𝒂 𝒙−𝒃
sec2(x) tan(x) + c dx
Function Integral 8. ‫׬‬ →Complete the square and use 4,5,6
ax2 +bx+c
cosec2(x) -cot(x) + c
tan 𝑥 log | sec 𝑥 | + c 𝒑𝒙𝟐 + 𝒒𝒙 + 𝒓 𝑨 𝑩𝒙 + 𝑪
px+q d + 𝟐
cosec(x).cot(x) -cosec(x) + c 9. 2
‫ ׬‬ax2+bx+c → px + q = A dx ax + bx + c + B (𝒙 − 𝒂)(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄) 𝒙 − 𝒂 𝒙 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄
cot 𝑥 log |𝑠𝑖𝑛| + c
sec(x).tan(x) sec(x) + c
Practice NCERT Ex 7.3 for Trigo Qns. Practice NCERT Examples 8-10 & Exercise Q 7.4. Practice NCERT Eg. 11-16 & Exercise Qns 7.5
 INTEGRALS
Integration by Parts Definite Integral

𝐈𝐬𝐭 𝒃
𝑎
න 𝐈𝐬𝐭. 𝐈𝐈𝐧𝐝 = 𝐈𝐬𝐭 න 𝐈𝐈𝐧𝐝 − න 𝐝 . න 𝐈𝐈𝐧𝐝 න 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝑭(𝒙)
𝑏
= 𝑭 𝒂 − 𝑭(𝒃)
𝐝𝐱 𝒂

Note: I L A T E Rule Practice NCERT Eg 24-27, Ex. 7.9

(Inverse, Logarithmic, Algebraic, Trigonometric, Exponent) Properties

Practice NCERT Eg. 17-21 & Ex. 7.6
Practice NCERT Examples 28-34, Exercise. 7.10

න 𝒆 𝒙 𝒇 𝒙 + 𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝒆𝒙 . 𝒇 𝒙 + 𝑪 Some Important PYQs

Some more types •

𝟏
‫ 𝟐𝒙 ׬‬+ 𝟒𝒙 −𝟓 𝒅𝒙 • ‫׬‬
𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝒕𝒂 𝒏−𝟏𝒙)
𝒅𝒙
𝟏+𝒙

x a2 •
𝒙 𝒅𝒙
1. ‫ ׬‬x2 − a2 dx = 2 x2 − a2 − 2
log x + x2 − a2 + C Find ‫׬‬
𝒙+𝟏 (𝒙+𝟐) • ‫׬‬0
𝜋 Τ2 sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
sin 𝑥+ cos 𝑥

𝝅 Τ𝟐
x a2 • ‫׬‬−𝝅Τ𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝑑𝑥
2. ‫ ׬‬x2 + a2 dx = 2 x2 + a2 + 2
log x + x2 + a2 + C • ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬2−16

𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐𝒙
• Find ‫׬‬ 𝒅𝒙 • ‫𝒙𝒅 𝒙𝒔𝒐𝒄 𝒙 ׬‬
x a2 x
3. ‫ ׬‬a2 − x2 dx = 2 a2 − x2 + 2
sin−1 a +C 𝒕𝒂 𝒏 𝒙

𝟏
𝟏 𝒕𝒂 𝒏−𝟏𝒙 • ‫׬‬ 𝒅𝒙
• ‫𝟎׬‬ 𝒅𝒙 𝟏−𝟒𝒙𝟐
𝟏+𝒙𝟐

Practice NCERT E. 22-24 & Ex. 7.7 • ‫ 𝒙 𝒏𝒂𝒕 𝒙𝒆 ׬‬+ 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙. • ‫𝟎׬‬
𝝅Τ𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟓𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟓+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟓𝒙