WORLD DRUG REPORT

Volume 2: Statistics
 2004
WORLD DRUG REPORT
Volume 2: Statistics
The Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention (UNODCCP) became the Office on
Drugs and Crime (UNODC) on 1 October 2002. The Office on Drugs and Crime
includes the United Nations International Drug Control Programme (UNDCP).

United Nations Publication

Sales No. [Link].16
ISBN 92-1-148186-4
Volume 2

The boundaries, names and designations used in all maps in this book do not
imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

This publication has not been formally edited.

 2004
WORLD DRUG REPORT
Volume 2: Statistics
Contents

Volume I. Analysis

Preface
Introduction
Explanatory notes
Executive Summary

CHAPTER 1: The world drug problem: A status report

1.1. The policy landscape

1.2. The dynamics of world drug markets
1.2.1. What is the current level of drug use in the world?
1.2.2. How is the drug problem evolving?
1.2.3. The outlook for world drug markets
1.3. Injecting drug use and HIV/AIDS
1.3.1. Extent and characteristics of HIV/AIDS epidemics
1.3.2. HIV transmission among injecting drug users
1.3.3. Measures to respond
1.4. Conceptual advances in drug control
1.4.1. A holistic approach
1.4.2. A more synergetic approach
1.4.3. A more dynamic approach

CHAPTER 2: TRENDS

2.1. Opium / Heroin market

2.1.1. Production
2.1.2. Trafficking
2.1.3. Abuse

2.2. Coca / Cocaine market

2.2.1. Production
2.2.2. Trafficking
2.2.3. Abuse

2.3. Cannabis market

2.3.1. Production
2.3.2. Trafficking
2.3.3. Abuse

2.4. Amphetamine-type stimulants market

2.4.1. Production
2.4.2. Trafficking
2.4.3. Abuse

Conclusion
Volume II. Statistics

CHAPTER 3: PRODUCTION
3.1. Opium / Heroin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205
3.1.1. Afghanistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206
3.1.2. Myanmar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215
3.1.3. Lao PDR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222
3.1.4. Seizures of illicit laboratories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228
3.2. Coca / Cocaine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229
3.2.1. Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230
3.2.2. Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239
3.2.3. Bolivia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245
3.2.4. Seizures of illicit laboratories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251
3.3. Cannabis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252
3.3.1. Morocco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252
3.3.2. Seizures of illicit laboratories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258
3.4. Amphetamine-type stimulants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259
3.4.1. Seizures of illicit laboratories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259
3.5. Other drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263
3.5.1. Seizures of illicit laboratories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263

CHAPTER 4: SEIZURES
4.1. Opiates: Seizures, 1997-2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269
4.2. Cocaine: Seizures, 1997-2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295
4.3. Cannabis: Seizures, 1997-2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304
4.4. Amphetamine-type stimulants: Seizures, 1997-2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331

CHAPTER 5: PRICES
5.1. Opiates: Wholesale, street prices and purity levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363
5.2. Cocaine: Wholesale, street prices and purity levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .369
5.3. Cannabis: Wholesale, street prices and purity levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373
5.4. Amphetamine-type stimulants: Wholesale, street prices and purity levels . . . .379

CHAPTER 6: CONSUMPTION
6.1. Annual prevalence of drug abuse
6.1.1. Opiates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .389
6.1.2. Cocaine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .392
6.1.3. Cannabis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .394
6.1.4. Amphetamine-type stimulants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .397
6.1.5. Ecstasy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .400
6.2. Treatment demand (primary drugs of abuse) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403

Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .409
3. PRODUCTION
 3. Production: Opium/heroin

3.1 Opium/heroin

OPIUM
GLOBAL ILLICIT CULTIVATION OF OPIUM POPPY AND PRODUCTION
OF OPIUM, 1990-2003

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
(1)
CULTIVATION IN HECTARES
SOUTH-WEST ASIA
Afghanistan 41,300 50,800 49,300 58,300 71,470 53,759 56,824 58,416 63,674 90,583 82,171 7,606 74,100 80,000
Pakistan 7,488 7,962 9,493 7,329 5,759 5,091 873 874 950 284 260 213 622 2,500
Subtotal 48,788 58,762 58,793 65,629 77,229 58,850 57,697 59,290 64,624 90,867 82,431 7,819 74,722 82,500

SOUTH-EAST ASIA
Lao PDR 30,580 29,625 19,190 26,040 18,520 19,650 21,601 24,082 26,837 22,543 19,052 17,255 14,000 12,000
Myanmar 150,100 160,000 153,700 165,800 146,600 154,070 163,000 155,150 130,300 89,500 108,700 105,000 81,400 62,200
Thailand (2) 1,782 3,727 3,016 998 478 168 368 352 716 702 890 820 750
Viet Nam (2) 18,000 17,000 12,199 4,268 3,066 1,880 1,743 340 442 442
Subtotal 200,462 210,352 188,105 197,106 168,664 175,768 186,712 179,924 158,295 113,187 128,642 123,075 96,150 74,200

LATIN AMERICA
(3)
Colombia 1,160 6,578 5,008 15,091 5,226 4,916 6,584 7,350 6,500 6,500 4,300 4,100 4,100
Mexico (4) 5,450 3,765 3,310 3,960 5,795 5,050 5,100 4,000 5,500 3,600 1,900 4,400 2,700 4,800
Subtotal 5,450 4,925 9,888 8,968 20,886 10,276 10,016 10,584 12,850 10,100 8,400 8,700 6,800 8,900

OTHER
Combined (5) 8,054 7,521 2,900 5,704 5,700 5,025 3,190 2,050 2,050 2,050 2,479 2,500 2,500 3,000

GRAND TOTAL 262,754 281,560 259,686 277,407 272,479 249,919 257,615 251,848 237,819 216,204 221,952 142,094 180,172 168,600

POTENTIAL PRODUCTION IN METRIC TONS

OPIUM
SOUTH-WEST ASIA
Afghanistan 1,570 1,980 1,970 2,330 3,416 2,335 2,248 2,804 2,693 4,565 3,276 185 3,400 3,600
Pakistan 150 160 181 161 128 112 24 24 26 9 8 5 5 52
Subtotal 1,720 2,140 2,151 2,491 3,544 2,447 2,272 2,828 2,719 4,574 3,284 190 3,405 3,652

SOUTH-EAST ASIA
Lao PDR 202 196 127 169 120 128 140 147 124 124 167 134 112 120
Myanmar 1,621 1,728 1,660 1,791 1,583 1,664 1,760 1,676 1,303 895 1,087 1,097 828 810
Thailand (2) 20 23 14 17 3 2 5 4 8 8 6 6 9
Viet Nam (2) 90 85 61 21 15 9 9 2 2 2
Subtotal 1,933 2,032 1,862 1,998 1,721 1,803 1,914 1,829 1,437 1,029 1,260 1,237 949 930
LATIN AMERICA
Colombia (3) 16 90 68 205 71 67 90 100 88 88 58 50 50
Mexico 62 41 40 49 60 53 54 46 60 43 21 71 47 84
Subtotal 62 57 130 117 265 124 121 136 160 131 109 129 97 134
OTHER
(5)
Combined 45 45 - 4 90 78 48 30 30 30 38 40 40 50
GRAND TOTAL 3,760 4,274 4,143 4,610 5,620 4,452 4,355 4,823 4,346 5,764 4,691 1,596 4,491 4,765

HEROIN
Potential HEROIN 376 427 414 461 562 445 436 482 435 576 469 160 449 477

(1) Potentially harvestable, after eradication.

(2) Due to low levels of production, cultivation and production for Viet Nam as of 2000 and for Thailand as of 2003 were included in the category
“Other countries”.
(3) According to the Government of Colombia, cultivation covered 7,350 ha and 6,500 ha and production amounted to 73 mt and 65 mt in 1998 and
1999 respectively.
(4) Sources: As its survey system is under development, the Govt of Mexico indicates it can neither provide cultivation estimates nor endorse those
published by UNODC which are derived from US Government surveys.
(5) Includes countries such as Russia, Ukraine, Central Asia, Caucasus region, Egypt, Peru, Viet Nam (as of 2000) and Thailand (as of 2003)

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 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

3.1.1. Afghanistan
During the 1990s, Afghanistan firmly established itself as the largest source of illicit opium and its derivative,
heroin. In 2003, opium production in Afghanistan still accounted for more than three quarters of the world’s
illicit opium production. In October 2003, UNODC and the Afghan government conducted a farmers’
intentions survey that revealed that almost 70% of the farmers interviewed in the opium growing regions of
Afghanistan intended to increase poppy cultivation in 2004, while only 4% considered reducing it.

Results of the 2003 UNODC Afghanistan Annual Opium Survey

(1) Opium poppy cultivation (hectares) is spreading

In 2003 the total area under opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan increased by 8%, from 74,000 hectares in
2002 to 80,000 hectares in 2003. The current level ranks third in the country’s recent history.
(2) Geographical spread has reached 28 provinces (out of 32)
There has been a clear and accelerating extension of opium cultivation to previously unaffected, or marginally
affected areas. The number of provinces where opium poppy cultivation was reported has steadily increased:
from 18 provinces in 1999, to 23 in 2000, up to 24 in 2002 and to a staggering 28 provinces in 2003 (out of a
total of 32).
(3) Opium production (metric tons) is also increasing
Potential opium production amounted to 3,600 tons in 2003, an increase of 6% compared to last year’s 3,400
tons. The 2003 harvest is the second highest recorded so far in Afghanistan.
(4) Opium prices are declining, though still high
Although about ten times higher than during the 1990s, when it was around US$ 30 per kg, the average price
of fresh opium recorded in 2003 of US$ 283 per kg, represents a 19% decrease over last year’s price of US$ 350.
The decline of 2003 opium prices in Afghanistan resulted in a 15% reduction in the related income to farmers
compared to last year. As of February 2004, the price continued to decrease to an average US$176/kg for dry
opium.
(5) 264,000 families now grow opium poppy
The number of opium farmers was estimated at about 264,000 families, cultivating an average of 0.3 hectare of
opium poppy per family. Considering that the average family consists of 6-7 people, it can be estimated that
opium poppy cultivation plays a direct role in the livelihood of about 1.7 million rural people, or about 7% of
the total population of Afghanistan.
(6) Country’s opium income is down 15%
Despite the higher output, the aggregate value of this year’s Afghan opium harvest (at farm-gate prices) declined
to US$ 1.02 billion, compared to US$ 1.2 billion in 2002 (-15%). Almost 80% of farmers income was
generated in the traditional opium producing areas of the Eastern and Southern regions.
(7) Per capita income from opium is several times GDP per capita
The 2003 harvest represents, on average, a potential income of about US$ 3,900 per opium-growing family.
The potential opium income per capita for the 1.7 million people averaged US$ 594. In comparison, on the
basis of a population estimated at 24 million and a GDP estimated at US$ 4.4 billion, Afghanistan had a GDP
per capita of about US$ 184 in 2002.
(8) Eradication
Eradication activities were conducted by the Afghan authorities in some provinces. In total, 21,430 ha were
eradicated in this campaign. The Afghanistan opium survey did not assessed the effectiveness of the eradication
campaign. The timing of the survey and the methodology employed ensured that the results were post-
eradication and reflected the net amount of opium poppy which was harvestable.

206
 3. Production: Opium/heroin

Fact Sheet : Afghanistan 2003

Source: UNODC/CND survey report, available at [Link]/unodc/en/crop_monitoring

Opium poppy cultivation: 80,000 ha against 74,000 ha in 2002 (8% increase)

2002-2003 trends in some provinces: Hilmand: - 49%

Kandahar: - 23%
Nangarhar: - 4%
Badakhshan: + 55%

Potential opium production: 3,600 metric tons against 3,400 metric tons in 2002 (6%
increase)

Number of farmers cultivating opium: 264,000 farmers

Population of farmers cultivating opium: 1,700,000 rural people (7% of total population of 24
millions)

Opium poppy cultivation in % of the total 1% of total arable land

Arable land:

Opium poppy cultivation in % of irrigated 3% of irrigated land

Land:

Average poppy farmers land devoted to opium

opium poppy cultivation: 0.3 ha

Average fresh opium price at harvest: US$283/kg

Total farmers’ income from opium: US$1 billion

In % of 2002 Afghan GDP: 23% (with a GDP of US$ 4.4 billion)

Average annual farmer income from opium: US$ 3,900

Average opium income per capita: US$594 (2002 GDP per capita: US$184)

Reported eradication: 21,430 ha

As of October 2003, % of farmers who intended 70%

to increase opium poppy cultivation in 2004:

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 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

Graphs, tables, maps: Afghanistan

Afghanistan, Opium Poppy Cultivation, in thousands of ha, 1990 to 2003

100

75
'000 of hectares

50

25

0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
'000 of hectares 41 51 49 58 71 54 57 58 64 91 82 8 74 80

Afghanistan, largest opium poppy cultivating provinces in 2003 (ha)

Provinces 2002 2003 one year change % of total in 2003 Cumulative % in 2003

Nangarhar 19,780 18,904 -4% 23% 23%

Hilmand 29,950 15,371 -49% 19% 43%
Badakhshan 8,250 12,756 55% 16% 58%
Uruzgan 5,100 7,143 40% 9% 67%
Ghor 2,200 3,782 72% 5% 72%
Kandahar 3,970 3,055 -23% 4% 76%
Rest of the country 4,850 19,471 301% 24% 100%
Rounded Total 74,000 80,000 8%

Afghanistan, potential opium production by region and at national level in 2003

Yield Yield Cult. Cult. Prod. Prod. Prod.
Region irrigated rainfed irrigated rainfed irrigated rainfed total
(kg/ha) (kg/ha) (ha) (ha) (tons) (tons) (tons)
Center (Bamyan, Ghor, Kabul,
46 28 7,605 85 350 2 352
Kapisa, Wardak)
North East (Badakhshan, Baghlan,
41 24 12,559 1,224 515 29 544
Kunduz, Takhar)
North West (Baghis, Balkh,
Faryab, Jawzjan, Samangan, Sari 43 34 3,618 842 156 29 184
Pul)
South East (Khost, Kunar,
Laghman, Nangarhar, Nuristan, 51 32 24,103 478 1,229 15 1,245
Paktya)
South West (Farah, Hilmand,
Hirat, Kandahar, Nimroz, 43 18 29,815 156 1,282 3 1,285
Uruzgan, Zabul)
Rounded total 77,700 2,780 3,530 80 3,600
Average Weighted Yield 45 29 45

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 3. Production: Opium/heroin

Afghanistan, Opium production,1990 to 2003

5,000

4,000
Metric tons

3,000

2,000

1,000

0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Metric tons 1,570 1,980 1,970 2,330 3,416 2,335 2,248 2,804 2,693 4,565 3,276 185 3,400 3,600

Afghanistan, largest opium producing provinces in 2003

Provinces Opium production in % of total

tons
Nangarhar 964 27%
Hilmand 676 19%
Badakhshan 508 14%
Uruzgan 314 9%
Ghor 174 5%
Kandahar 134 4%
Others 849 23%
Rounded Total 3,600 100%

Afghanistan, largest opium producing provinces in 2003

Others Nangarhar
23% 27%

Kandahar 4%
Ghor 5%
Hilmand
Uruzgan 19%
9% Badakhshan
14%

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 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

210
 3. Production: Opium/heroin

Afghanistan, farmgate prices for opium, US$/kg (all observations Nov. 2002 - Mid. Oct 2003)

600

500

400
US$ / kg

300

200

100

0
end end end end end end end end end end end end Dec- Feb-
Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct 03 04
2002 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003

Dry Opium Fresh Opium Trend for dry opium Trend for fresh opium

Source: UNODC (ICMP-AFG/F98 Monitoring of opium production in Afghanistan)

Afghanistan, opium farmgate prices in 2003 ($US/kg)

Period Dry opium n Fresh opium n

End Nov 2002 475 28 426 51
Mid Dec 2002 540 47 521 47
End Dec 2002 519 40 500 46
Mid Jan 2003 570 47 575 29
End Jan 2003
Mid Feb 2003 540 48 543 31
End Feb 2003 498 47 524 29
Mid Mar 2003 466 44 436 33
End Mar 2003
Mid Apr 2003 348 42 304 31
End Apr 2003
Mid May 2003 448 40 361 41
End May 2003
Mid Jun 2003 393 32 297 32
End Jun 2003 380 37 313 39
Mid July 2003 390 37 332 39
End July 2003 351 35 308 37
Mid Aug 2003 334 37 290 39
End Aug 2003 378 37 270 39
Mid Sep 2003 285 35 253 37
End Sep 2003 291 35 261 37
Mid Oct 2003 276 33
End Oct 2003 228 33
Nov 2003
Dec 2003
Jan 2004 197 26
Feb 2004 176 20
Notes: n = number of observations, empty cells = no data collection during the period considered. All transactions in the three
provinces are reported by surveyors to be made in Pakistani Rupees. The prices were converted in US$, using the exchange rate
prevailing on the day each observation was made.

211
 Afghanistan: Prices of dry opium obtained from traders in Nangarhar and Kandahar in US-$ per kg

212
1997 1998 1999 2000
Simple Simple Simple Simple
Date Nangarhar Kandarhar Date Nangarhar Kandarhar Date Nangarhar Kandarhar Date Nangarhar Kandarhar
Average Average Average Average
Jan-97 Jan-98 67 46 57 Jan-99 116 59 87 Jan-00 41 31 36
Feb-97 Feb-98 76 53 65 Feb-99 100 60 80 Feb-00 43 30 37
Mar-97 93 63 Mar-98 95 41 68 Mar-99 100 50 75 Mar-00 46 29 38
Apr-97 102 68 Apr-98 70 38 54 Apr-99 80 45 62 Apr-00 44 30 37
May-97 108 71 May-98 65 38 52 May-99 91 43 67 May-00 42 30 36
Jun-97 114 74 Jun-98 83 44 64 Jun-99 86 41 63 Jun-00 38 31 35
Jul-97 91 62 Jul-98 54 49 51 Jul-99 82 37 59 Jul-00 44 35 39
Aug-97 97 34 65 Aug-98 55 67 61 Aug-99 62 39 51 Aug-00 87 78 82
Sep-97 97 33 65 Sep-98 63 54 59 Sep-99 61 36 49 Sep-00 76 43 60
Oct-97 86 33 60 Oct-98 78 59 69 Oct-99 40 33 37 Oct-00 124 70 97
Nov-97 83 30 57 Nov-98 96 54 75 Nov-99 38 31 34 Nov-00 107 61 84
Dec-97 66 34 50 Dec-98 101 56 79 Dec-99 39 32 35 Dec-00 159 101 130
World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

2001 2002 2003 2004

Simple Simple Simple Simple
Date Nangarhar Kandarhar Date Nangarhar Kandarhar Date Nangarhar Kandarhar Date Nangarhar Kandarhar
Average Average Average Average
Jan-01 173 128 150 15-Jan-02 423 407 415 Mid Jan-03 512 640 576 Jan-04 211 184 197
Feb-01 214 162 188 15-Feb-02 409 395 402 End Jan-03 499 609 554 Feb 04 184 177 180
Mar-01 367 205 286 15-Mar-02 416 343 379 Mid Feb-03 529 577 553
Apr-01 383 260 322 14-Apr-02 583 450 517 End Feb-03 447 577 512
May-01 398 270 334 25-Apr-02 361 385 373 Mid Mar-03 445 509 477
Jun-01 368 250 309 07-May-02 381 304 343 End Mar-03 381 444 412
Jul-01 424 288 356 15-May-02 444 376 410 Mid Apr-03 299 386 343
Aug-01 657 446 551 20-May-02 444 380 412 End Apr-03 355 426 390
10-Sep-01 700 650 675 09-Jun-02 514 480 497 Mid May-03 430 469 449
15-Sep-01 194 180 187 15-Jun-02 514 436 475 End May-03 416 452 434
24-Sep-01 95 90 93 15-Jul-02 380 422 401 Mid Jun-03 353 436 394
10-Oct-01 134 150 142 15-Aug-02 398 350 374 End Jun-03 339 415 377
15-Oct-01 190 327 09-Sep-02 418 370 394 Mid Jul-03 353 423 388
28-Oct-01 210 270 23-Sep-02 434 414 424 End Jul-03 327 379 353
01-Nov-01 327 340 01-Oct-02 450 430 440 Mid Aug-03 272 375 323
05-Nov-01 330 350 end Nov-02 481 538 510 End Aug-03 286 432 359
19-Nov-01 343 364 mid Dec-02 506 602 554 Mid Sep-03 261 312 286
15-Dec-01 316 275 end Dec-02 524 556 540 End Sep-03 247 321 284
Mid Oct-03 221 303 262
End Oct-03 197 249 223
Nov-03 219 225 222
Dec-03 229 203 216
 Afghanistan, prices of dry opium in Nangarhar and Kandahar collected from Traders, US$/kg, March 1997 - February 2004
700

600 577

500

414
400

Price in US-$ per kg

300

200

100 78
100
95

0
Mar-97 Mar-98 Mar-99 Mar-00 Mar-01 Mar-02 Mar-03 Mar-04

Nangarhar (eastern Afghanistan) Kandahar (southern Afghanistan) unweighted average

3. Production: Opium/heroin

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 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

Afghanistan, eradication report from CND, in ha, 2003

Provincial Report Hectares

Nangarhar 7,376
Kabul 43
Parwan 80
Helmand 8,500
Kandahar 2,719
Uruzgan 1,510
Zabul 1
Wardak (Maind Shaher) 9
Heart 932
Nimroz 260
Badghis -
Ghor -
Farah -
Country Total 21,430

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 3. Production: Opium/heroin

3.1.2. Myanmar
th
In Myanmar, the problem of opium and heroin has deep historical roots that reach back to the 19 century.
The second source of illicit opium and heroin in the world after Afghanistan during the last decade, the country
has recorded an encouraging decline of illicit opium cultivation since the mid-1990s.

Results of the 2003 UNODC Myanmar Annual Opium Survey

(1) Opium poppy cultivation

The total opium poppy cultivation in Myanmar in 2003 was estimated at 62,200 ha. Compared to the previous
year, this represented a decrease of 24% in opium poppy cultivation at the national level.
(2) Opium production
At the country level, the potential opium production was estimated at 810 metric tons. This represented a
decrease of 4 % compared to last year. This year favourable weather conditions for opium poppy cultivation
accounted for the higher potential yield of about 13 kg/ha.
(3) Opium Prices and Cash Income
Combining the opium production estimates and the anticipated 2003 opium prices at the time of the survey
(130 US$/kg), the total farm gate value of opium in Myanmar in 2003 ranged from US$70 to US$ 140
million, with a mean value of US$105 million.
(4) Addiction
The data collected in 2003 showed that 0.65% of the population surveyed, age 15 and above, was smoking
opium on a daily basis. The data also indicated that opium addiction is still far more widespread than heroin
and ATS addiction in the Shan State. Less than 2% of village headmen reported cases of heroin addiction in
their villages and less than 1% reported cases of ATS addiction.
(5) Eradication
The Government of the Union of Myanmar reported eradicating 638 ha of opium poppy fields in 2003. The
opium survey was not designed to monitor or validate the results of opium poppy eradication campaign. The
methodology employed ensured that the results were post-eradication and reflected the net amount of opium
poppy which was harvestable.

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 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

Fact Sheet : Myanmar 2003

Source: UNODC survey report, available at [Link]/unodc/en/crop_monitoring

Opium poppy cultivation: 62,200 ha against 81,400 ha in 2002 (24% decrease)

2002-2003 trends in some areas: Northern Shan State: - 45%

Eastern Shan State: - 26%
South Shan State: - 19%
Wa Special Region 2: + 21%
(of which Wa Alternative Dvpt project:-19%)

Potential opium yield: 13 kg/ha against 10 kg/ha in 2002

Potential opium production: 810 metric tons against 828 metric tons in 2002
(2% decrease)

Number of households cultivating opium: 350,000 households

Approximate fresh opium price at harvest: US$130/kg

Total farm gate value of opium: US$105 million

Average household cash income from opium: between US$160 and US$190

Average opium income per capita: US$594 (2002 GDP per capita: US$184)

Opium smoking prevalence rate in the

population interviewed: 0.6% of the population aged 15 and above

Reported eradication 637 ha

216
 3. Production: Opium/heroin

Graphs, tables, maps: Myanmar

Myanmar, opium poppy cultivation 1990 – 2003 (in thousand of ha)

200

160
'000 of hectares

120

80

40

0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
'000 of hectares 150 160 154 166 147 154 163 155 130 90 109 105 81 62

Myanmar, opium poppy cultivation in 2002 and 2003

2002 2003 % of change

Regions
(rounded ha) (rounded ha) 2002-2003

Northern Shan State 37,500 20,700 -45%

Eastern Shan State 7,800 5,800 -26%
Southern Shan State 11,600 9,400 -19%
Wa Special Region Number 2 17,600 21,300 21%
(of which Wa Alt Dvpt Project) 962 775 -19%
Shan State 74,600 57,200 -23%
Outside Shan State 6,800 5,000 -26%
National total 81,400 62,200 -24%

Myanmar, average regional yields (kg/ha)

Regions Number of observations Average opium yield (kg/ha)

Northern Shan State 0 11*
Wa Special Region 2 268 16
WADP (Mongyang Township) 230 11
Central Shan State 60 11
Southeastern Shan State 56 8
Southwestern Shan State 58 14
Shan Sate 672 13
* Average opium yield of neighbouring Central Shan State used as best estimate

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 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

Myanmar opium production 1990 – 2003 (in metric tons)

2,000

1,500
Metric tons

1,000

500

0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Metric tons 1,621 1,728 1,660 1,791 1,583 1,664 1,760 1,676 1,303 895 1,087 1,097 828 810

Myanmar, opium farmgate prices in Mong Pawk market, US$/kg (Wa Special Region 2)

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1999 172 97 110 125 136 123 133 152 119 173 144 163
2000 195 193 203 172 236 226 202 230 210 210 203 218
2001 218 208 188 201 195 182 182 195 195 188 162 150
2002 151 158 136 124 119 108 107 124 132 127 127 144
2003 158 165 127 117 128 132 138 147 139 137 146 152
2004 155 151 216

Myanmar, opium farmgate prices in Mong Pawk market, US$/kg (Wa Special Region 2)

250

200

150
US$/KG

100

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

50

0
Jan-99

Apr-99

Jul-99

Oct-99

Jan-00

Apr-00

Jul-00

Oct-00

Jan-01

Apr-01

Jul-01

Oct-01

Jan-02

Apr-02

Jul-02

Oct-02

Jan-03

Apr-03

Jul-03

Oct-03

Jan-04

218
 3. Production: Opium/heroin

Myanmar, Shan State, 2002 opium prices by sale periods

Period Equivalent Answers Average weight of Kyat/kg USD/kg Exchange rate

months range opium sold (kg) (Kyat/US$)
Before harvest Before Jan. 02 160 0.64 102,000 135 753
During harvest Jan-Mar 2002 729 0.88 108,000 143 753
Just after harvest Apr-May 2002 1,478 1.29 106,000 107 855
Rainy Season Jun-Sep 2002 353 0.96 104,000 106 985
Dry Season Oct-Dec 2002 272 1.04 120,000 110 1,090
For 2002 2,992 107,00 115 931
*Average weighted by number of answers and average weight of opium sold for each period.

Myanmar, Shan State annual source of cash income for opium farmers in 2002

Source of Cash Annual cash income % of Number Annual income

Income (in Kyat) total income of answers ( US$)
Opium 148,000 69% 2,010 159
Cattle 22,000 10% 669 23
Other 13,000 6% 341 15
Upland 11,000 5% 388 12
Paddy 7,000 3% 247 8
Labour 7,000 3% 388 8
Vegetable 3,000 1% 265 3
Maize 3,000 1% 162 3
Total 216,000 232
Sample size: 2,426 interviews of opium farmers

Myanmar, Shan State opium addiction in the Shan State by regions in 2003

Number of Total population above Number of % of opium addicts in

Regions
villages sampled 15 years old addicts population age 15 and
above

Northern Shan 373 73,041 263 0.4%

Wa Special Region 2 269 50,863 385 0.8%
Southwestern Shan 248 35,257 216 0.6%
Central Shan 361 53,753 94 0.2%
Southeastern Shan 310 33,124 593 1.8%
Shan State 1,561 246,038 1,551 0.6%

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 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

Myanmar, Shan State, demographic distribution of opium addicts by gender and age in 2003

Age class Man Woman Total % of Total

<10 2 2 4 0.3%
10-20 4 3 7 0.5%
20-30 93 15 108 7.0%
30-40 231 24 255 16.5%
40-50 293 24 317 20.5%
50-60 325 23 348 22.5%
60-70 291 30 321 20.8%
70-80 129 14 143 9.3%
80-90 26 7 33 2.2%
90-100 7 2 9 0.6%
Total 1,401 144 1,545

Myanmar, Shan State, demographic distribution of opium addicts by age in 2003

25%
Relative frequency of Addiction Age

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%
0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100
Age

Myanmar, reported eradication by region and state in 2003

State Eradication (ha)

Northern Shan State 235
Southern Shan State 182
Eastern Shan State 91
WADP 55
Kachin State 56
Chin State 2
Kayah State 9
Mandalay Division 8
Total 638

220
3. Production: Opium/heroin

221
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

3.1.3. Lao PDR

Although far behind Afghanistan and Myanmar, the remote and mountainous areas of Northern Laos have
consistently come in third place as a source of the world’s illicit opium and heroin during the last ten years.
Since 1998, however, opium poppy cultivation has recorded a steady decline in that country.

Results of the 2003 UNODC Lao PDR Annual Opium Survey

(1) Opium poppy cultivation

The survey estimated that there were 12,000 hectares of opium poppy under cultivation in 2003. It was the
lowest national estimate since 1989 and represented a reduction of 2,100 hectares (or 15%) compared with the
2001-2002 season (14,100 ha). It confirmed the downward trend of opium poppy cultivation in Laos since
1998 when the cultivation of opium poppy reached 26,800 hectares.
(2) Opium production
In 2003, the average potential opium yield was estimated to range between 6 and 14 kg/ha, with a mean value
of 10 kg/ha. In 2002, the potential yield was estimated at 8 kg/ha. This potential yield may differ from the
actual harvest, and does not include possible post-harvest losses.

Based on the estimated 12,000 ha of opium poppy cultivation and an average yield of 6 to 14 kg/ha, the
potential production of opium in Laos would range between 72 and 168 metric tons, with a mean value of 120
metric tons. In terms of potential opium production, this represented an increase of 7% compared to last year.
(3) Number of farmers involved in opium poppy cultivation
Based on an average of 0.29 ha of opium poppy cultivation by household (results of the sample ground survey),
there would be between 35,000 and 45,000 households cultivating opium poppy in Laos in 2003 (mean of
40,000).
(4) Voluntary eradication
For the first time this year, the Lao Government launched a large-scale campaign of voluntary or agreed
eradication. The opium survey was not designed to monitor or validate the results of this campaign. However,
the Lao Commission on Drug Control and Abuse (LCDC) reported the eradication of 4,134 ha. The opium
survey was not designed to monitor or validate the results of opium poppy eradication campaign. The
methodology employed ensured that the results were post-eradication and reflected the net amount of opium
poppy which was harvestable.

Prior to the opium planting time, the provincial and district drug control committees made agreements with a
number of opium farmers to stop growing opium poppy in 2003. The validity of the agreement was checked
during the opium growing season. When opium poppy cultivation was found within the village boundaries and
considered a breech of the agreement, the farmers were asked by the authorities to eradicate their opium poppy
fields (voluntary eradication), or the farmers to give permission for the opium fields to be eradicated (agreed
eradication).

The eradication teams were made of students and staff from the district mass organisations like the Youth
Union, the Women Union or other district departments. The military and the police were not involved in these
operations.

If the farmers refused the eradication, the assistance of the village headman was requested to convince the
farmers to respect the agreement and not to plant opium poppy in the future. The data on eradication, as
reported by the Lao Government, is presented in annex.

222
 3. Production: Opium/heroin

Fact Sheet : Lao PDR 2003

Source: UNODC survey report, available at [Link]/unodc/en/crop_monitoring

Opium poppy cultivation: 12,000 ha against 14,100 ha in 2002 (15% decrease)

Potential opium yield: 10 kg/ha against 8 kg/ha in 2002

Potential opium production: 120 metric tons against 112 metric tons in 2002
(7% increase)

Number of households cultivating opium: 40,000 households

Most recent opium prices available

(average for 2002): US$160

Average household cash income from opium

In 2002: US$92

Number of addicts reported by the authorities: 30,000 persons (5,600 women or 18%, and 9,700 over
60 years old or 32%)

Average annual domestic consumption of

opium : between 1.3 and 1.5 kg/year

Estimated annual domestic consumption of

opium: 42 metric tons

Reported eradication 4,134 ha.

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 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

Graphs, tables, maps: Lao PDR

Lao PDR, opium poppy cultivation 1990-2003 (in ha)

40,000

30,000
Hectares

20,000

10,000

0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Hectares 30,580 29,625 19,190 26,040 18,520 19,650 21,601 24,082 26,837 22,543 19,052 17,255 14,000 12,000

Lao PDR, evolution of the area under opium poppy cultivation by province, 1992-2003

1992 1996 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003

Luang Prabang 3,510 3,550 2,786 3,036 2,950 3,400 2,576

Huapanh 3,770 3,817 3,450 3,921 2,903 2,934 2,530
Phongsaly 2,840 3,558 5,778 3,872 3,278 1,703 1,602
UdomXay 1,860 2,416 5,597 4,061 3,112 1,901 1,579
Luang Namtha 1,730 2,197 3,593 1,514 1,687 1,355 1197
Xieng Khuang 2,880 2,916 2,902 1,376 1,426 1,078 979
Bokeo 620 785 428 448 427 332 480
Xayabouri 400 754 1,014 508 729 857 472
Xaisombun N/a n/a n/a 224 521** 240 354
Vientiane 880* 900* 672* 19 117** 210 130
Bolikhamsay 700 708 617 73 105 42 74
Total 19,190 21,601 26,837 19,052 17,255 14,052 11,973
Rounded Total 19,200 21,600 26,800 19,100 17,300 14,100 12,000
*Includes Xaisombun
**Previously within Xaisombun, the districts of Hom and Longxan are part of Vientiane Province since 2001.

224
 3. Production: Opium/heroin

Lao PDR, potential opium production since 1992 (in metric tons)

250

200

150
Metric tons

100

50

0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Metric tons 202 196 127 169 120 128 140 147 124 124 167 134 112 120

Lao PRD, 2002 opium prices by sale periods

Period Equivalent months Answers Average weight of KIP/kg US$/kg

range opium sold (kg)
During harvest Jan-Mar 2002 46 0.64 1,781,855 186
Just after harvest Apr-May 2002 310 0.98 1,568,448 163
Rainy Season Jun-Sep 2002 97 1.50 1,660,996 160
Dry Season Oct-Dec 2002 85 1.22 1,583,858 146
For 2002 538 1,600,000* 160
*Average weighted by number of answers and average weight of opium sold for each period.

Lao PDR, 2002 annual source of cash income for opium farmers
Annual cash income % of total Number of Annual income
Source of Cash Income
(Kip) income answers (US$)
Paddy 36,130 1.7% 37 4
Upland 121,721 5.8% 180 12
Animal 716,480 34.2% 633 70
Vegetable 74,614 3.6% 374 7
Opium 889,885 42.4% 535 88
Labor 75,300 3.6% 209 7
Trade 22,111 1.1% 39 2
Wood 101,284 4.8% 292 10
Non Timber Forest Products 32,546 1.6% 99 3
Other 26,477 1.3% 75 3
Total 2,096,548 100% 206
Sample size: 1,142 interviews of opium farmers

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 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

Lao PDR, Number of opium addicts 2000-2003

Year Addicts
2000 63,000
2001 58,000
2002 53,000
2003 30,000

Lao PDR, Demographic Distribution of Opium Addicts by Gender and Age in 2003

2003 2002 2001

Age Male Female Total % of Total % of Total % of Total
10-20 1 0 1 0.1% 1.14% 1.20%
20-30 22 6 28 4.1% 9.23% 10.85%
30-40 56 12 68 10.0% 22.13% 21.90%
40-50 93 23 116 17.1% 22.85% 23.27%
50-60 146 41 187 27.6% 21.46% 22.53%
60-70 149 38 187 27.6% 16.71% 14.52%
70-80 44 15 59 8.7% 5.17% 4.57%
80-90 13 13 26 3.9% 1.05% 0.90%
90-100 4 2 6 0.9% 0.22% 0.27%
Total 528 150 678
% 78% 22% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Laos PDR, demographic distribution of opium addiction by age in 2003

200

150

100

50

0
10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100

Lao PDR, reported voluntary eradication in 2003

Province Hectares
Phongsaly 416
Luang Namtha 1,005
UdomXay 428
Bokeo 58
Luang Prabang 1,315
Huapanh 549
Xayabouri 305
Xieng Khuang 18
Bolikhamsay 40
Total 4,133

226
3. Production: Opium/heroin

227
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

3.1.4. Seizure of Illicit Laboratories

MANUFACTURE
SEIZURES OF ILLICIT LABORATORIES
REPORTED FOR 2001 - 2002

Remark: For convenience, an attempt was made to group the reported estimates by drug categories. however, due to inconsistencies and gaps
in the reporting, no overall analysis of the data set was performed. Numbers are presented as reported to UNODC and should be interpreted
with caution.
Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

Country or Territory Year Name of drug seized Number of laboratories (and quantity of drug) Source

OPIATE GROUP
Americas
North America
Mexico 2001Heroin 1 Lab.
2002Heroin 1 Lab.
Subtotal North America 2 Lab.
South America
Colombia 2001Heroin 6 Lab.(1.400 kg)
2002Heroin 3 Lab.
Subtotal South America 9 Lab.(1.400 kg)

Total Americas 11 Lab.(1.400 kg)

Asia
East and South-East Asia
Hong Kong 2001Heroin 12 Lab.
SAR, China
2002Heroin 6 Lab.
Myanmar 2001Heroin 16 Lab.
2002Heroin 9 Lab.
Subtotal East and South-East Asia 43 Lab.
South Asia
India 2001Morphine 1 Lab.
2001Heroin 6 Lab.
2002Heroin 7 Lab.(28.000 kg)
2002Morphine 1 Lab.(5.000 kg)
Subtotal South Asia 15 Lab.(33.000 kg)

Total Asia 58 Lab.(33.000 kg)

Europe
Eastern Europe
Poland 2001Polish heroin 408 Lab.(280.000 lt.)
2002Polish heroin 14 Lab.
Republic of 2001Opium 11 Lab.
Moldova
Russian 2001Opium 232 Lab.(24.114 kg)
Federation
2002Opium 91 Lab.
Ukraine 2001Poppy 30 Lab.
Subtotal Eastern Europe 786 Lab.(24.114 kg)(280.000 lt.)

Turkey 2002 Heroin 10 Lab.

Total Europe 796 Lab.(24.114 kg)(280.000 lt.)

Opiate group 865 Lab.(58.514 kg)(280.000 lt.)

228
 3. Production: Coca/Cocaine

3.2. Coca/ Cocaine

GLOBAL ILLICIT CULTIVATION OF COCA BUSH AND PRODUCTION

OF COCA LEAF AND COCAINE, 1990-2003

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
(1)
CULTIVATION OF COCA BUSH IN HECTARES
(2)
Bolivia 50,300 47,900 45,300 47,200 48,100 48,600 48,100 45,800 38,000 21,800 14,600 19,900 24,400 23,600
(3)
Colombia 40,100 37,500 37,100 39,700 44,700 50,900 67,200 79,400 101,800 160,100 163,300 144,800 102,000 86,000
Peru (4) 121,300 120,800 129,100 108,800 108,600 115,300 94,400 68,800 51,000 38,700 43,400 46,200 46,700 44,200
Total 211,700 206,200 211,500 195,700 201,400 214,800 209,700 194,000 190,800 220,600 221,300 210,900 173,100 153,800

POTENTIAL PRODUCTION OF DRY COCA LEAF IN METRIC TONS

Bolivia 77,000 78,000 80,300 84,400 89,800 85,000 75,100 70,100 52,900 22,800 13,400 20,200 19,800 17,100
Colombia 45,300 45,000 44,900 45,300 67,500 80,900 108,900 129,500 165,900 261,000 266,200 236,000 222,100 168,000
Peru 196,900 222,700 223,900 155,500 165,300 183,600 174,700 130,600 95,600 69,200 46,200 49,300 52,500 50,790
Total 319,200 345,700 349,100 285,200 322,600 349,500 358,700 330,200 314,400 353,000 325,800 305,500 294,400 235,890

POTENTIAL(5) MANUFACTURE OF COCAINE IN METRIC TONS

Bolivia 189 220 225 240 255 240 215 200 150 70 43 60 60 60
Colombia 92 88 91 119 201 230 300 350 435 680 695 617 580 440
Peru 492 525 550 410 435 460 435 325 240 175 141 150 160 155
Total 774 833 866 769 891 930 950 875 825 925 879 827 800 655

(1) Potentially harvestable, after eradication.

(2) Source: CICAD and US Department of State, International narcotics Control Strategy Report.
(3) Estimates for 1999 and subsequent years come from the national monitoring system established by the Colombian government with the support of
UNODC. Due to the change of methodology, figures for 1999 and after cannot be directly compared with data from previous years.
(4) Since 2000 the results are those of the illicit crop monitoring system established with the support of UNODC
(5) Potential manufacture of cocaine is the amount of cocaine that can be made from coca leaf produced in the country concerned. It does not take into
account importation of coca base from other countries.

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 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

3.2.1. Colombia
Colombia remains the largest producer of coca leaf and its derivative, cocaine. In 2003, 67% of the world’s
cocaine supply was produced in Colombia. However, Colombia has recorded its third straight year of decline:
after declining 38% between 2000 and 2002, coca cultivation declined a further 16% in 2003.

Results of the 2003 UNODC Colombia Annual Survey

(1) Coca Cultivation

According to the findings of the Colombia Coca Survey for 2003, conducted by the Government of Colombia
with the support of UNODC, 86,000 hectares of coca were cultivated last year. This represented a decrease of
about 16,000 ha (or 16%) since December 2002, when coca cultivation stood at 102,000 ha. As in the
previous year, the decline is partially attributed to an intensification of eradication efforts, in particular the
aerial spraying campaign which peaked at 133,000 ha. Including the decrease in 2003, coca cultivation has
decreased a total of 47% since 2000.
(2) Geographical Distribution
In 2003, important year on year variations and shifts took place in coca cultivation at the department level.
Significant reductions in coca cultivation between 2002 and 2003 were found in the departments of Guaviare
(-11,218 ha or 41% decrease), Putumayo (-61,666 ha or 45% decrease) and Norte de Santander (-4,471 ha or
44% decrease), while coca cultivation increased in two departments: Nariño (17,628 ha or 17% compared to
2002) and Meta (12,695 ha or 38% compared to 2002). This change in the composition of departments
under cultivation is thought to be a result of an increase in eradication. In 2003, the major coca growing
departments were Nariño, Guaviare and Meta, which together accounted for 54% of coca cultivation in the
country. The same three departments accounted for 61% of the aerial eradication efforts.
(3) Coca Production
UNODC has not yet conducted a scientific and comprehensive study on coca leave and cocaine productivity in
Colombia. UNODC relies on information available from other sources, in particular the US Government. For
the purposes of the 2003 survey report, UNODC used a conversion rate of 4.7 Kg of cocaine per hectare under
cultivation. Using this rate, the potential cocaine production in 2003 was 440 metric tons. (This does not
include the cocaine which could have been produced in Colombia from imported Peruvian coca base.)
(4) Coca prices
In 2003, the average price for one kg of coca base amounted COP 2,251,000. Coca base prices in local
currency remained largely stabled compared to 2002, but fell in terms of US$ by 6%, from US$ 847/kg to US$
793.
(5) Opium cultivation and production
As of November 2003, the DIRAN’s estimates based on reconnaissance flights and spray operations, identified
4,026 hectares of opium poppy under cultivation, compared to 4,253 hectares in 2002. The total potential
heroin production in Colombia would amount to about 5 metric tons of heroin in 2003.

The price of opium latex for 2003 averaged US$156/kg. With an estimated potential latex production of 121
metric tons, the potential value of the 2003 farm gate production of opium latex would amount to about US$
19 millions.

The average price for one kg of heroin, as collected by the National Alternative Development Programme, was
estimated in US$ 5,660/kg.
(6) Eradication
Colombia’s eradication campaign was sustained in 2003. A total of 136,828 ha were eradicated. DIRAN
reported the aerial spraying of 133,000 ha (or +2% from 2002) of coca bush and 3,000 ha (-12% from 2002)
of opium poppy cultivation.

The UNODC survey was not designed to monitor or validate the results of the eradication campaign. The
results for coca cultivation are considered post-eradication and reflected the net amount harvestable.

230
 3. Production: Coca/Cocaine

Fact Sheet: Colombia

Source: UNODC survey report, available at [Link]/unodc/en/crop_monitoring

Coca cultivation: 86,000 ha against 102,000 ha in 2002

(or a 16% decrease)

2002-2003 trends in some areas: Nariño: +17%

Guaviare: - 41%
Meta +39%
Putumayo: - 45%
Caqueta: -14%
Norte de Santander: - 44%

Potential cocaine production 2003: 440 metric tons against 580 metric tons in 2002

Average annual coca base price in 2003: US$793/kg

Total potential farmgate value of coca base in 2003: US$350 million

Opium poppy cultivation in 2003: 4,026 ha (DIRAN estimates) against 4,253 ha

(DIRAN estimates) in 2002

Potential opium latex production in 2003: 121 metric tons

Price of opium latex as of December 2002: US$194/kg

Total potential farmgate value of opium latex in 2002: US$25 million

Potential heroin production in 2003: 5 metric tons

Reported eradication (DIRAN):

in 2002 Coca bush: 133,116 ha (+ 39% from 2001)

Opium poppy: 3,728 ha (-20% from 2001)

in 2003
Coca bush: 136,828ha (+ 3% from 2002)
Opium poppy: 3,547 ha (-2% from 2002)

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 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

Graphs, tables and maps: Colombia

Colombia, coca cultivation, in ha, 1990 – 2003

200,000

160,000

120,000
Hectares

80,000

40,000

0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Hectares 40,10 37,50 37,10 39,70 44,70 50,90 67,20 79,40 101,8 160,1 163,3 144,8 102,0 86,00

Colombia, main departments of coca cultivation, in ha, 2001 – 2002

Departments 2002 2003 % annual change % of 2003 country total

Nariño 15,131 17,628 17% 20%

Guaviare 27,381 16,163 -41% 19%
Meta 9,222 12,814 39% 15%
Putumayo 13,725 7,559 -45% 9%
Caquetá 8,412 7,230 -14% 8%
Norte de Santander 8,041 4,471 -44% 5%
Rest of the country 20,088 20,135 0% 23%
Rounded Total 102,000 86,000 -16% 100%

Colombia, coca cultivation trends by regions, in ha, 1999 – 2003

Region 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Putumayo-Caqueta 82,015 92,625 61,636 22,137 14,789
Meta - Guavare - Vaupes 40,833 30,235 38,896 38,088 30,134
Bolivar - Antioqua - Cordoba 11,461 8,624 8,647 6,150 7,885
Cauca - Nariño 10,250 13,919 10,633 17,251 19,071
Others 15,560 17,107 24,995 18,445 14,121
Grand Total 160,119 162,510 144,807 102,071 86,000

232
 Colombia: Coca cultivation by muncipality in 2003 Colombia: Cultivation change 2002-2003 (%)

Source: Government of Colombia – UNODC Coca cultivation survey 2003 Source: Government of Colombia – UNODC Coca cultivation survey 2003
3. Production: Coca/Cocaine

233
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

Colombia, potential cocaine production, 1990 - 2003

800

700

600

500
Metric tons

400

300

200

100

0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Metric tons 92 88 91 119 201 230 300 350 435 680 695 617 580 440

Colombia, average coca base price, 2000 – 2003 (thousand of pesos /kg)

2,400

2,300
'000 Colombian pesos/kg

2,200

2,100

2,000

1,900

1,800

1,700

1,600

1,500
Dec 99 Jan-Dec 2000 Jan-Dec 2001 Jan-Dec 2002 Jan 03-Nov 2003

Colombia, average coca base price 2000 – 2003 (thousand of pesos /kg)

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
2000 1,714 1,690 1,628 1,666 1,666 1,682 1,691 1,680 1,665 1,740 1,750 1,710
2001 1,730 2,179 2,150 2,096
2002 2,192 2,208 2,146 2,146 2,124 2,204 2,165 2,203 2,208 2,034 2,162
2003 2,213 2,247 2,215 2,231 2,242 2,263 2,300 2,295 2,269 2,270 2,217

234
 3. Production: Coca/Cocaine

Colombia, average opium latex price, August 2001-November 2003, per kg.
All regions
All regions
Month/Year Nariño Cauca Tolima Huila (Colombian
(US$/kg)
Pesos/kg)
Aug-01 800,000 700,000 600,000 700,000 700,000 306
Sep-01 - - - - 637,500 270
Oct-01 648,652 648,652 648,652 648,652 648,652 273
Nov-01 660,000 660,000 660,000 660,000 660,000 276
Dec-01 - - - - 632,554 271
Jan-02 606,250 606,250 606,250 606,250 606,250 266
Feb-02 - - - - 606,250 266
Mar-02 606,250 606,250 606,250 606,250 606,250 266
Apr-02 500,000 546,000 600,000 544,000 547,500 242
May-02 700,000 543,000 550,000 537,000 582,500 252
Jun-02 440,000 544,000 450,000 536,000 492,500 209
Jul-02 502,143 544,000 500,000 520,000 516,536 206
Aug-02 300,000 559,080 433,333 - 430,804 163
Sep-02 300,000 393,000 325,000 - 339,333 123
Oct-02 300,000 393,000 - - 346,500 122
Nov-02 500,000 413,000 - - 456,500 167
Dec-02 600,000 293,636 - - 446,818 159
Jan-03 - - - - 288,182 100
Feb-03 - - - - 440,000 153
Mar-03 - - - - 392,727 137
Apr-03 - - - - 424,444 148
May-03 - - - - 518,500 180
Jun-03 - - - - 476,429 166
Jul-03 - - - - 480,000 167
Aug-03 - - - - 531,111 185
Sep-03 - - - - 534,000 186
Oct-03 - - - - 468,750 163
Nov-03 - - - - 388,751 135

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 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

Colombia, average opium latex price, August 2001-November 2003, US$/kg

350

300

250

200
US$/kg

150

100

50

0
08/01 10/01 12/01 02/02 04/02 06/02 08/02 10/02 12/02 02/03 04/03 06/03 08/03 10/03

Colombia, cumulative aerial spraying of coca bushes by department (in ha), 1994- 2003
Environmental Audit of the National Narcotics
Sources: Antinarcotics Police Department
Bureau
Department 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Guaviare 3,142 21,394 14,425 30,192 37,081 17,376 8,241 7,477 7,207 37,493
Meta 729 2,471 2,524 6,725 5,920 2,296 1,345 3,251 1,496 6,973
Caqueta - - 537 4,370 18,433 15,656 9,172 17,252 18,567 1.059
Putumayo - - - 574 3,949 4,980 13,508 32,506 71,891 8,342
Vichada - 50 85 - 297 91 - 2,820 - -
Antioquia - - 684 - - - 6,259 - 3,321 9,835
Cordoba - - 264 - - - - - 734 550
Vaupes - - - - 349 - - -
Cauca - - - - - 2,713 2,950 741 - 1,308
Norsantander - - - - - - 9,584 10,308 9,186 13,822
Nariño - - - - - - 6,442 8,216 17,962 36,910
Santander - - - - - - 470 - - 5
Boyaca - - - - - - 102 - - -
Bolivar - - - - - - 11,581 - 4,783
Arauca - - - - - - - - - 11,734
Sub-total 3,871 23,915 18,519 41,861 66,029 43,111 58,073 94,153 130,364 132,817
Manual eradication - - - - - - - 1,745 2,752 4,011
Total 3,871 23,915 18,519 41,861 66,029 43,111 58,073 95,898 133,116 136,828

236
 3. Production: Coca/Cocaine

Colombia, cumulative aerial spraying of opium poppy, by department (in ha), 1994- 2003
Environmental Audit of the National Narcotics
Sources: Antinarcotics Police Department
Bureau
Department 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Antioquia - - 120 - - - - - - 0
Caldas - - - - - - - - - 0
Caqueta - - - 383 - - - - 401 0
Cauca 102 53 123 50 - 828 1,601 387 236 550
Cesar 128 305 713 91 650 125 423 426 548 1.004
Guajira 81 177 371 50 75
Huila 2,057 1,383 715 2,175 749 1,426 2,421 429 545 391
Meta 0
Nariño 313 1,090 630 788 725
Tolima 1,169 1,549 4,843 4,290 1,452 5,557 3,720 194 854 250
Sub-total 3,537 3,466 6,885 6,988 2,901 8,249 9,254 2,066 3,371 2,995
Manual eradication 2,586 205 257
Total 3,537 3,466 6,885 6,988 2,901 8,249 9,254 4,652 3,577 3,252

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 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

Colombia, comparison of net coca cultivation and reported cumulated sprayed area1, in ha, 1990-2003

180,000

160,000

140,000

120,000

100,000

80,000

60,000

40,000

20,000

0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Cultivation Eradication

Colombia, comparison of net opium poppy cultivation and reported cumulated sprayed area1, in ha,
1991 - 2003

16,000

14,000

12,000

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Cultivation Eradication

1
Reported cumulated spraying does not take into account the effectiveness of spraying nor the fact that some spraying paths can overlap, which
explains that eradicated areas are larger then cultivated areas. Illicit crop cultivation estimates presented in this publication are net, i.e. post-
eradication.

238
 3. Production: Coca/Cocaine

3.2.2 Peru
Peru is the second largest cultivator of coca. It remains well behind the first, Colombia, and levels of production
in 2003 continue to remain well below those reached in the mid-1990’s when it was the world’s largest
producer of coca. Under its Global Illicit Crop Monitoring Programme, UNODC has been assisting the
Peruvian Government in the implementation and refinement of a national coca monitoring system since 1998.
Annual surveys have been produced since the year 2000.

Results of the 2003 UNODC Peru Annual Survey

(1) Coca Cultivation

In the year 2003, the total area under coca cultivation in Peru was estimated at 44,200 hectares, representing a
5.4 percent decline over 2002.
(2) Geographical Distribution
In 2003, 32% of total coca cultivation in the country took place in Apurimac, 31% in Alto Huallaga and 28%
in La Convencion – Lares. The most important decreases in cultivation were noted in the areas of Central
Huallaga, where coca cultivation has virtually disappeared (750 ha were estimated in 2002), as well as in
Aguaytia (- 53%) and in Alto Huallaga (-11%).
(3) Coca Production
The total dry coca leaf production in 2003 was estimated at 50,790 metric tons, representing an average annual
dry leaf yield of about 1,100 kg per ha at the national level. The 2003 dry coca leaf production decreased by
1,759 metric tons, or 3.3%, over 2002.
(4) Coca prices
In 2003, the average price paid for coca leaf on the illegal market was 2.22 US$/kg, with a maximum of
US$3.35 in the month of February in Monzon, and a minimum of US$1.02 in the month of April in the
Apurimac valley. This represented a decline of 11% compared to last year’s average coca leaf price of 2.48
US$/kg.
(5) Opium cultivation and production
The UNODC-supported national illicit crop monitoring system has not yet established a reliable methodology
for the detection of opium poppy in Peru and no data was available for 2003.

Opium poppy cultivation is considered negligible in Peru. In 2003, DIRANDRO reported a decrease of opium
poppy eradication and seizures, indicating that the level of opium poppy cultivation is not expanding.
(6) Eradication
In 2003, the Peruvian Government reported the eradication of 11,312 hectares of coca, of which 7,022 hectares
(62 percent) under programmed illicit crop elimination campaigns and 4,291 hectares (38 percent) under
farmers’ voluntary coca reduction initiatives in exchange for sustainable livelihood schemes.

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 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

Fact Sheet: Peru

Source:UNODC survey report, available at [Link]/unodc/en/crop_monitoring

Coca cultivation: 44,200 ha against 46,700 ha in 2002

(or a 5.4% decline)

2002-2003 trends in some areas: Upper Huallaga: - 11%

Aguaytia: - 52%
Apurimac: +1%
La convención - Lares: + 1%
Central Sleva: -29%
Others -64%

Total dry coca leaf production in 2003: 50,790 metric tons (3.3% increase over 2002)

Potential coca base/cocaine production in 2003: 155 metric tons against 160 metric tons in 2002

Average annual coca base price in 2003: US$305/kg

Total potential farm-gate value of coca leaf: US$112 million

Opium poppy cultivation : no estimate, but probably low level

Reported eradication (CORAH and DEVIDA)

in 2002: Coca bush: 7,200 ha (+ 13% from 2001)
in 2003: Coca bush: 11, 300 ha (+57% from 2002)

240
 3. Production: Coca/Cocaine

Graphs, tables and maps: Peru 2003

Peru, coca cultivation, in ha, 1990 – 2003

140,000

120,000

100,000
Hectares

80,000

60,000

40,000

20,000

0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Hectares 121,30 120,80 129,10 108,80 108,60 115,30 94,400 68,800 51,000 38,700 43,400 46,200 46,700 44,200

Peru, main areas of coca cultivation 2001 – 2003

Change Percentage of
Area 2002 2003
2002 - 2003 2003 Total
Alto Huallaga 15,290 13,650 -11% 31%
Aguaytia 1,070 510 -52% 1%
Apurimac 14,170 14,300 1% 32%
La Convencion - Lares 12,170 12,340 1% 28%
Central Selva 350 250 -29% 1%
Inambari - Tambopata 2,430 2,260 -7% 5%
San Gaban n.a. 470 1%
Others 1,250 450 -64% 1%
Total 46,700 44,200 -5% 100%

Peru, potential cocaine production, 1990-2003

600

500

400
Metric tons

300

200

100

0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Metric tons 492 525 550 410 435 460 435 325 240 175 141 150 160 155

241
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

Peru coca cultivation in 2002

80” 78” 76” 74” 72” 70” 68”

At
la
Central America
nt
ic
o
ce
an
Pa
cif
ic
oc
ea

0”
n

PERU
South America

2”
2 ”

4” 4”

6” 6”

8” 8”

10” 10”

12” 12”

14”

16”

18”

20”

76” 74” 72” 70” 68”

Source: UNODC Peru Coca Survey 2003

242
 3. Production: Coca/Cocaine

Peru, farmgate prices of coca leaf 1990-2003 (US$/kg)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
January 0.7 0.8 1.1 4.4 1.5 3.0 0.4 0.6 0.6 1.8 1.6 2.0 2.6 2.3
February 0.9 1.6 1.7 3.5 1.6 3.0 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.4 1.3 2.1 2.6 2.4
March 0.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 2.6 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.7 1.6 2.1 2.3 2.0
April 0.5 1.5 2.6 1.3 1.6 1.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.6 1.7 2.3 2.2 1.9
May 0.5 1.5 1.9 1.7 1.6 0.9 0.5 0.6 1.0 1.6 1.9 2.4 2.3 1.9
June 0.4 1.7 2.2 1.3 1.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 1.0 1.4 2.0 2.5 2.5 1.8
July 0.4 1.6 2.2 1.0 2.6 0.4 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.3 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.1
August 0.4 1.5 3.0 1.9 3.0 0.4 1.0 1.3 2.1 1.8 2.3 2.7 2.9 2.1
September 1.2 1.7 4.4 2.1 3.0 0.4 1.0 1.3 2.0 2.2 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.2
October 1.6 1.7 2.6 2.1 3.9 0.4 1.0 0.9 1.5 2.5 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.4
November 0.9 1.3 2.6 1.3 4.4 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.4 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.4 2.2
December 0.9 1.0 3.5 1.3 3.0 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.9 2.3 1.9
Annual
Average 0.8 1.5 2.5 2.0 2.5 1.2 0.7 0.8 1.2 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.1
US$/kg
In constant US$
1.1 2.0 3.3 2.5 3.1 1.4 0.8 0.9 1.6 2.4 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.1
of 2003

Peru, Upper Huallaga, farmgate prices of coca leaf 1991-2003 (US$/kg)

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
January 1.1 1.3 3.8 1.5 3.0 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.9 2.6 2.2 3.9 2.2
February 1.3 1.5 3.2 1.6 2.9 0.4 0.6 0.7 2.1 2.5 2.2 3.5 2.4
March 1.6 2.0 2.2 1.6 2.4 0.4 0.6 0.7 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.7 1.9
April 1.5 2.1 1.6 1.6 1.7 0.5 0.6 0.9 2.1 1.9 2.6 3.0 2.1
May 1.6 2.2 1.5 1.7 1.1 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.8 2.2 2.5 3.2 2.0
June 1.6 2.1 1.4 2.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.3 1.6 2.3 2.7 3.8 2.2
July 1.6 2.5 1.4 2.5 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.9 1.7 2.3 2.6 3.0 2.4
August 1.6 3.2 1.7 2.9 0.4 1.0 1.2 2.2 2.1 2.6 2.9 3.3 2.4
September 1.6 3.3 2.0 3.3 0.4 1.0 1.2 2.4 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.1 2.5
October 1.6 3.2 1.8 3.8 0.4 0.9 1.0 2.0 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.2 2.6
November 1.4 2.9 1.6 3.8 0.4 0.8 0.8 1.8 3.0 2.4 1.8 2.4 2.5
December 1.2 3.5 1.4 3.5 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.9 2.8 1.9 1.9 2.4 1.9
Annual
Average 1.5 2.5 2.0 2.5 1.2 0.7 0.8 1.5 2.3 2.4 2.5 3.0 2.3
US$/kg
In constant
2.0 3.3 2.5 3.1 1.4 0.8 0.9 1.6 2.5 2.6 2.6 3.1 2.3
US$ of 2003

Peru, average dry coca leaf prices for Peru and for Upper Huallaga, US$/kg, 1990-2003
7

5
US$/kg

0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Upper Huallaga Country

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 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

Peru, coca cultivation and reported eradication, in ha, 1983 – 2003 (source CORAH)
Years Eradication (ha) Cultivation (ha)

1983 700 45,000

1984 3,100 60,000
1985 4,800 70,000
1986 2,600 107,500
1987 400 110,146
1988 5,100 111,875
1989 1,300 123,007
1990 - 121,300
1991 - 120,800
1992 - 129,100
1993 - 108,800
1994 - 108,600
1995 - 115,300
1996 1,300 94,400
1997 3,500 68,800
1998 7,800 51,000
1999 14,700 38,700
2000 6,200 43,400
2001 6,400 46,200
2002 7,200 46,700
2003 11,300 44,200

Peru, cultivation and reported eradication, in ha, 1983 - 2003

140,000

120,000

100,000
hectares

80,000

60,000

40,000

20,000

0
83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03

Cultivation Eradication (ha)

244
 3. Production: Coca/Cocaine

3.2.3. Bolivia
Under its Illicit Crop Monitoring Programme, UNODC has been assisting the Bolivian Government in the
implementation of a national coca monitoring system. For the first time, in 2003, the Bolivian project was
extended to the national level and consequently, able to provide estimates for coca cultivation at the national
level. Bolivia is the third largest producer of coca in the world. It trails far behind Colombia, the world’s largest
producer.

Results of the 2003 UNODC Bolivia Annual Survey

(1) Coca Cultivation

The results of the first national survey revealed that 23,600 hectares of coca bush were cultivated in Bolivia in
2003. This was 9% of the world’s coca cultivation in 2003.
(2) Geographical Distribution
Most of the coca cultivatin in Bolivia takes place in the Yungas of La Paz. Between 2002 and 2003, coca
cultivation showed a +18% increase in this area, which accounted for 71% of the total coca cultivation in 2003.
It is also in this area that most of the traditional coca cultivation takes place. The remaining 29% of coca
cultivation was grown in the Chapare area of the Cochabamba department. Comparison with 2002 is not
possible over the Chapare area. However, reports from DIRECO supported by anecdotal information indicated
that coca cultivation was on the decrease following the sustained eradication campaign in this area.
(3) Coca Production
The overall estimate of 23,600 ha for cultivation quoted above includes the 12,000 ha permitted by Bolivian
Law No 1008, “Law on the Regime Applicable to Coca and Controlled Substances,” 1988, for traditional uses.
The overall area under coca cultivation produced an estimated 28,300 metric tons of drug coca leaf, of which
17,100 metric tons were estimated to have been used for cocaine production. The potential cocaine production
in Bolivia amounted to 60 metric tons in 2003.
(4) Coca prices
Prices of dry coca leaf remained stable throughout 2003, averaging US$5.4 per kilogram.
(5) Eradication
The eradication of coca crops is done manually and takes place mainly in Chapare. In 2003, the Government
of Bolivia eradicated 10,100 ha of coca fields, similar to the levels reported since 1998.

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 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

Fact Sheet:

Source:UNODC survey report, available at [Link]/unodc/en/crop_monitoring

Coca cultivation including 12,000ha cultivation

allowed by law: 23,600 ha

Distribution of Coca Cultivation in Bolivia 2003: Yungas of La Paz 16,200 ha (69%)

Chapare area 7,300 ha (31%)
Apolo 50 ha (0.2%)

Detailed by provinces in Yungas of La Paz: Caranavi +81%

North Yungas +14%
South Yungas +16%
Inquisivi +8%
Murillo +39%

Dry coca leaf yield: traditional area: 936 kg/ha/year

Elsewhere 1,798 kg/ha/year
(mainly Chapare):

Average dry coca leaf price: 5.4US$/kg

Potential farm-gate value of coca leaf production: US$ 153 million

Potential cocaine production: 60 metric tons

Data communicated by DIRECO:

Eradication at country level:

in 2002: 11,853 ha
in 2003: 10,087 ha

246
 3. Production: Coca/Cocaine

Graphs, tables and maps: Bolivia

Bolivia, coca cultivation, in ha, 1990 – 2003

50,000

40,000
Hectares

30,000

20,000

10,000

0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Hectares 50,300 47,900 45,300 47,200 48,100 48,600 48,100 45,800 38,000 21,800 14,600 19,900 24,400 23,600

Bolivia, Distribution of coca cultivation (2003 UNODC survey)

Area 2003 Coca Cultivation % of 2003 total

Yungas of La Paz 16,200 69%

Chapare area 7,300 31%
Apolo 50 0.2%
Rounded total 23,600

Bolivia, coca cultivation by municipalities (2002 UNODC survey)

Apolo
0.2%
Chapare
area
31%

Yungas of
La Paz
69%

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 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

248
 3. Production: Coca/Cocaine

Bolivia, potential cocaine production, 1990 - 2003

300

200
Metric tons

100

0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Metric tons 189 220 225 240 255 240 215 200 150 70 43 60 60 60

Bolivia, farmgate prices of coca leaf, 1991-2003 (US$/kg)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
January 0.3 0.5 1.0 1.1 1.5 0.9 1.3 2.1 1.5 6.0 5.4 6.1 5.4
February 0.3 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.7 1.4 1.2 2.0 1.5 5.1 5.3 5.8 5.3
March 0.3 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.6 1.5 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.7 5.4 5.3 5.7 5.2
April 0.2 1.1 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.4 2.0 5.7 5.5 5.7 5.2
May 0.4 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.4 0.9 1.1 1.3 2.0 5.9 5.4 5.6 5.3
June 0.6 1.2 1.0 1.4 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.5 2.4 6.0 5.5 5.6 5.4
July 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.8 0.7 1.3 0.8 1.4 1.5 2.4 6.0 5.6 5.7 5.5
August 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.5 0.8 1.4 1.1 1.9 1.4 3.7 6.0 5.6 5.7 5.5
September 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.7 2.2 1.5 4.8 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.4
October 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.4 2.2 1.4 4.9 4.8 5.6 5.4 5.4
November 0.5 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.8 1.4 1.3 2.3 1.4 4.9 5.3 5.6 5.4 5.4
December 0.3 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.2 2.1 1.4 5.0 5.3 5.7 5.5 5.5
Annual
0.5 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.5 3.1 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.4
Average

Bolivia, coca leaf prices, US$/kg, 1990-2003

7

0
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04

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 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

Bolivia, reported eradication and cultivation, in ha, 1997-2003

Year Eradicated (ha) Cultivated (ha)

1997 7,026 45,800
1998 11,621 38,000
1999 16,999 21,800
2000 7,953 19,600
2001 9,435 19,900
2002 11,853 24,400
2003 10,087 23,600
Source: DIRECO

Bolivia, reported eradication and cultivation, in ha, 1997-2003

50,000

40,000

30,000

20,000

10,000

-
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Eradicated (ha) Cultivation

250
 3. Production: Coca/Cocaine

3.2.4. Seizure of Illicit laboratories

MANUFACTURE
SEIZURES OF ILLICIT LABORATORIES
REPORTED FOR 2001 - 2002

Remark: For convenience, an attempt was made to group the reported estimates by drug categories. however, due to inconsistencies and gaps
in the reporting, no overall analysis of the data set was performed. Numbers are presented as reported to UNODC and should be interpreted
with caution.
Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

Country or Territory Year Name of drug seized Number of laboratories (and quantity of drug) Source

COCA GROUP
Americas
North America
Canada 2001 Coca paste 1 Lab.
United States 2001 Cocaine 3 Lab.(0.456 kg)
2002 Cocaine 5 Lab.(1.000 kg)
Subtotal North America 9 Lab.(1.456 kg)
South America
Argentina 2001 Cocaine 6 Lab.
2002 Cocaine 9 Lab.
Bolivia 2001 Cocaine 5 Lab.(334.100 kg) F.O

2001 Cocaine base 1006 Lab.(4280.400 kg) F.O

2002 1 Lab.(24.500 kg)

Chile 2002 1 Lab.
Colombia 2001 Cocaine base 470 Lab.(5229.000 kg)
2001 Cocaine 1085 Lab.(5335.000 kg)
2002 Cocaine base 1273 Lab.
2002 Cocaine 161 Lab.
Peru 2001 Cocaine base 64 Lab.
2001 Cocaine 2 Lab.(3000.000 kg)
Venezuela 2001 Cocaine 2 Lab.
Subtotal South America 4085 Lab.(18203.000 kg)

Total Americas 4094 Lab.(18204.456 kg)

Asia
East and South-East Asia
Hong Kong 2001 Cocaine (crack) 2 Lab.
SAR, China
2002 Cocaine 2 Lab.
Thailand 2001 Cocaine 1 Lab. Govt.

Subtotal East and South-East Asia 5 Lab.

Total Asia 5 Lab.

Europe
Eastern Europe
Slovenia 2002 Cocaine base 1 Lab.
Subtotal Eastern Europe 1 Lab.
Western Europe
France 2002 Cocaine 1 Lab.
Germany 2001 Cocaine 1 Lab.
2002 1 Lab.
Spain 2001 Synthetic cocaine 1 Lab.
2001 Cocaine 4 Lab.
Subtotal Western Europe 8 Lab.

Total Europe 9 Lab.

Coca group 4108 Lab.(18204.456 kg)

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 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

3.3. Cannabis
3.3.1. Morocco
Until recently, the information available on cannabis cultivation in Morocco pointed to the fact that it had
been increasing since the 1980’s. However, estimates of the actual size of the area under cannabis cultivation
and of the production of hashish in Morocco have been a debated and, at times, controversial. In February
2003, however, the Moroccan government signed a cooperation agreement with UNODC to conduct a survey
on illicit drug production (cannabis) and organized crime in Morocco. The first survey on cannabis production
was launched in July 2003.

Results of the 2003 UNODC Morocco Cannabis Survey

(1) Cannabis Cultivation

The survey estimated cannabis cultivation at about 134,000 hectares over the total area covered by the survey
2
(14,000km , five provinces of the Northern Region). This represents 10% of the area surveyed, 27% of the
arable lands of the surveyed territory, and 1.5% of Morocco’s total arable land (8.7 million ha).
(2) Cannabis and cannabis resin production
The total potential production of raw cannabis was estimated to be around 47,000 metric tons and the
potential cannabis resin production was estimated at 3,080 metric tons.
(3) Cannabis producers
In the cannabis production area, 75% of the douars (villages) and 96,600 farms were found to produce
cannabis in 2003, representing a total population of about 800,000 persons (the 1994 census gave a figure of
1.65 million for the rural population in the area), i.e. 2.5% of Morocco’s total population, estimated at 29.6
million in 2002.
(4) Cannabis producers’ revenues
The average income per family generated by cannabis was estimated at Dh 20,900 (US$ 2,200) and represented
on average half (51%) of the total annual income of a cannabis producing family in 2003 (Dh 41,335, US$
4,351). By comparison, the average annual income of the 1,496,000 farms in Morocco was Dh 42,874 (US$
4,513) i.e. more or less similar to the annual income of a cannabis producing family.

The total income per capita generated by cannabis was estimated at Dh 2,237 (US$ 267) for a total annual
income of Dh 4,970 (US$ 523). In comparison, the GDP per capita was about Dh 12,000 (US$ 1,260) in
Morocco in 2002.
(6) Trafficking and overall turnover of the market of cannabis resin (hashish) of Moroccan origin
In 2001, cannabis resin seizures by the Moroccan authorities amounted to 61.35 metric tons and ranked third
after Spain and Pakistan. It represented 7% of the total cannabis resin seizures in the world. The fact that Spain
came first (57% of the world seizures and 75% of the European seizures in 2001) is evidence of the importance
of the Spanish territory as a transit zone for Moroccan hashish sold on the European market.

In 2002, around 735 mt of cannabis resins were seized in western Europe and 66 mt in Morocco (801 mt in
total). Assuming roughly the same amount of cannabis resin would have been seized in 2003, around 2,300
metric tons would be left from the 2003 Moroccan cannabis resin production for consumption. Based on an
average retail price of US$ 5.4 per gram in Western Europe in 2003, the total market turnover of Moroccan
cannabis resin could be estimated at US$ 12 billion (i.e. Dh 114 billion, or 10 billion). Most of this turn-over
is generated by the trafficking networks operating in the European markets. Because of the large degree of
assumption, these estimates should be treated with caution.

252
 3. Production: Cannabis

Fact Sheet : Morocco 2003

Source: UNODC survey report, available at [Link]/unodc/en/crop_monitoring

Cannabis cultivation: 134,000 ha (of which 12% on irrigated land)

Gross cannabis production: 47,400 metric tons

Potential resin production: 3,080 metric tons

Number of households cultivating 96,600 households

cannabis: (66 % of the 146,000 rural households in the study area
and 6.5 % of the 1,496,000 agricultural households in
Morocco)

Total population involved in 800,000 people

cannabis cultivation: (2.7 % of the country’s population of 29.6 million in 2002)

Cannabis cultivation in % of the total 27 % (and 1.5 % of the 8.7 million of ha of arable land in
arable land in the study area: Morocco)

Total farmers’ income from Dh 2 billion / US$ 214 million

cannabis:

Average annual household income Dh 20,900 / US$ 2,200 (out of a total annual household
from cannabis: income of 41,335 Dh /US$ 4 352, or 51%)

Average cannabis income Dh 2,536 / US$ 267 (out of a total annual income per
per capita: capita of 4,970 Dh / US$ 523). (2002 GDP per capita: Dh
13,445 / US$ 1,260 )

In % of 2002 Moroccan GDP : 0,57 % (with a GDP of US$ 37,3 billion)

2002 seizure of cannabis resin: 735 mt in Western Europe (¾ in Spain)

66 mt in Morocco

Annual turn-over of international 1}0 billion (equivalent to Dh 114 billion or about US$ 12
trade in cannabis resin: billion)

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 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

Graphs, tables, maps: Morocco 2003

Morocco, provincial cannabis cultivation

Cannabis cultivation
Province Total area Area surveyed Cannabis cultivation
in % of surveyed
(ha) (ha) (ha)
area %
Al Hoceima 375,008 346,022 22,831 7%
Chefchaouen 529,503 529,503 66,699 13%
Larache 278,968 195,888 11,966 6%
Taounate 527,568 211,252 25,720 12%
Tétouan 245,771 94,157 6,889 7%
Total 1,956,818 1,376,822 134,105 10%

Morocco, provincial cannabis cultivation (ha) Morocco, provincial raw cannabis production (mt)
2003 2003

Tétouan Tétouan
6,889 1,867
5% 4%

Al Hoceima
22,831 Taounate Al Hoceima
Taounate
17% 9,982 11,909
25,720
19% 21% 25%

Larache Larache
11,966 2,950
Chefchaouen Chefchaouen
9% 6%
66,699 20,691
50%
44%

Morocco, provincial raw cannabis production 2003

Cannabis Yield (kg/ha)

Province
Rainfed Irrigated
Al Hoceima 428 945
Chefchaouen 292 504
Larache 239 295
Taounate 361 589
Tetouan 256 370
Average 330 638

254
 3. Production: Cannabis

Morocco, potential farmers income from cannabis 2003

Production Raw Equivalent in Price Estimated Estimated value
cannabis powder (Dh / kg) value (US$)
(metric tons) cannabis (Dh)
(metric tons)
66% raw
31,279 2,033 35 1,094,778,300 115,239,821
cannabis
34% cannabis
powder 16,113 1,046 900 941,705,065 99,126,849
(sandouk)
Total (rounded) 47,400 3,080 2,036,000,000 214,000,000

Morocco, number of farms and farmers cultivating cannabis 2003

Total Total
Total Estimated
Number of % of number of population
number number of Average
Province farmers farmers farmers in benefiting
of farmers househ
cultivating cultivating the from
farmers cultivating old size
cannabis cannabis surveyed cannabis
surveyed cannabis
area cultivation
Al Hoceima 490 272 56 30,500 16,931 9.32 157,793
Chefchaouen 724 680 94 52,317 49,138 8.32 408,824
Larache 253 96 38 21,524 8,167 7.39 60,356
Taounate 463 229 49 33,965 16,799 8.11 136,241
Tetouan 177 113 64 8,735 5,577 7.3 40,709
Total 2,107 1,390 66 147,041 96,612 8.03 803,923

Morocco, share of cannabis in the household cannabis farmer’s income (in %) 2003

Other
Other
Provinces Cannabis Cereales agricultural Livestock
incomes
productions

Al Hoceima 62 11 7 8 11
Chefchaouen 62 11 6 8 12
Larache 15 12 26 30 17
Taounate 33 10 18 6 32
Tetouan 39 13 14 16 18
Average 51 11 11 11 16

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 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

Morocco, share of cannabis in the cannabis farmer’s household income 2003

Other
incomes
16%
Livestock
11% cannabis
51%
Other agricultural
production
11%

cereals
11%

Morocco, average cannabis parcel size (ha) 2003

Province Ha
Al Hoceima 0,19
Chefchaouen 0,37
Larache 0,77
Taounate 0,32
Tetouan 0,40
Five provinces 0,30

Morocco, average cannabis area per farmer 2003

Average cannabis area per farmer

Province
Rainfed (ha) Irrigated (ha)
Al Hoceima 1,9 0,5
Chefchaouen 1,4 0,2
Larache 1,4 0,2
Taounate 0,8 0,1
Tetouan 0,8 0,2
Moyenne 1,3 0,3

Morocco, comparing incomes from rainfed cannabis and rainfed barley per hectare 2003
Income Yield Income
Cannabis Yield rainfed Barley
rainfed rainfed rainfed
Province price cannabis price
cannabis barley barley
(Dh /kg) (kg /ha ) (Dh/kg)
(Dh/ha) (kg/ha) (Dh/ha)
Al Hoceima 38.11 428 16,311 2 870 1,740
Chefchaouen 31.34 292 9,151 2 690 1,380
Larache 30.00 239 7,170 2 550 1,100
Taounate 41.76 361 15,075 2 700 1,400
Tetouan 42.66 256 10,920 2 690 1,380
Average 35.26 330 11,635 2 730 1,460

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257
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

3.3.2. Seizure of Illicit laboratories

MANUFACTURE
SEIZURES OF ILLICIT LABORATORIES
REPORTED FOR 2001 - 2002

Remark: For convenience, an attempt was made to group the reported estimates by drug categories. however, due to inconsistencies and gaps
in the reporting, no overall analysis of the data set was performed. Numbers are presented as reported to UNODC and should be interpreted
with caution.
Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

Country or Territory Year Name of drug seized Number of laboratories (and quantity of drug) Source

CANNABIS GROUP
Americas
North America
Canada 2002 1 Lab.
Subtotal North America 1 Lab.

Total Americas 1 Lab.

Europe
Eastern Europe
Bulgaria 2001 Cannabis liquid 1 Lab.
Poland 2002 Cannabis 32 Lab.
Russian 2001 Cannabis herb 137 Lab.(920.549 kg)
Federation
2002 Cannabis herb 121 Lab.
Subtotal Eastern Europe 291 Lab.(920.549 kg)
Western Europe
Denmark 2001 Cannabis resin 1 Lab.
Subtotal Western Europe 1 Lab.

Total Europe 292 Lab.(920.549 kg)

Cannabis group 293 Lab.(920.549 kg)

258
 3. Production: Amphetamine-type stimulants

3.4. Amphetamine-type stimulants

3.4.1. Seizure of Illicit laboratories

MANUFACTURE
SEIZURES OF ILLICIT LABORATORIES
REPORTED FOR 2001 - 2002

Remark: For convenience, an attempt was made to group the reported estimates by drug categories. however, due to inconsistencies and gaps
in the reporting, no overall analysis of the data set was performed. Numbers are presented as reported to UNODC and should be interpreted
with caution.
Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

Country or Territory Year Name of drug seized Number of laboratories (and quantity of drug) Source

COMBINED AMPHETAMINE, METHAMPHETAMINE GROUP

Europe
Eastern Europe
Lithuania 2002Amphetamine, 2 Lab.(1460.000 kg)
methamphetamine
Russian 2001Methamphetamine, 71 Lab.(0.061 kg)
Federation methcathinone and amphetamine
Subtotal Eastern Europe 73 Lab.(1460.061 kg)

Total Europe 73 Lab.(1460.061 kg)

Oceania
Oceania
Australia 2001Methamphetamine, 201 Lab*.
amphetamine
2002Methamphetamine, 240 Lab*.
amphetamine
Subtotal Oceania 441 Lab.

Total Oceania 441 Lab.

Combined amphetamine, methamphetamine group 514 Lab.(1460.061 kg)
AMPHETAMINE GROUP
Americas
North America
United States 2001Amphetamine 52 Lab.(5.300 kg)
2002Amphetamine 0 Lab.(0.000 kg)
Subtotal North America 52 Lab.(5.300 kg)
South America
Chile 2002Amphetamine 1 Lab.
Subtotal South America 1 Lab.

Total Americas 53 Lab.(5.300 kg)

Europe
Eastern Europe
Bulgaria 2002Amphetamine 2 Lab.(1500.000 kg)
Estonia 2002Amphetamine 1 Lab.
Poland 2001Amphetamine 12 Lab.(86.000 kg)
2002Amphetamine 15 Lab.
Russian 2002Amphetamine 97 Lab.
Federation
Subtotal Eastern Europe 127 Lab.(1586.000 kg)

* Fiscal year 2001: July 2000 - June 2001; ** Fiscal year 2002: July 2001 - June 2002

259
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

Country or Territory Year Name of drug seized Number of laboratories (and quantity of drug) Source

Western Europe
Belgium 2001Amphetamine 1 Lab.
2002Amphetamine 1 Lab.
2002 1 Lab.
Denmark 2001Amphetamine 1 Lab.
France 2002Amphetamine 1 Lab.
Germany 2001Amphetamine 1 Lab.
2002 2 Lab.
Netherlands 2001Amphetamine 10 Lab.
2002Amphetamine 10 Lab.
Sweden 2001Amphetamine 3 Lab.
United 2001Amphetamine 5 Lab.
Kingdom
2002Amphetamine 1 Lab.
Subtotal Western Europe 37 Lab.

Total Europe 164 Lab.(1586.000 kg)

Amphetamine group 217 Lab.(1591.300 kg)
METHAMPHETAMINE GROUP
Africa
Southern Africa
South Africa 2002Methamphetamine 1 Lab.
Subtotal Southern Africa 1 Lab.

Total Africa 1 Lab.

Americas
North America
Canada 2001Methamphetamine 13 Lab.
2002Methamphetamine 14 Lab.
Mexico 2001Methamphetamine 19 Lab.
2002Methamphetamine 10 Lab.
United States 2001Methamphetamine 7990 Lab.(865.400 kg)
2002Methamphetamine 9024 Lab.(3367.000 kg)
Subtotal North America 17070 Lab.(4232.400 kg)

Total Americas 17070 Lab.(4232.400 kg)

Asia
East and South-East Asia
China 2001Methamphetamine 44 Lab.
2002Methamphetamine 13 Lab.
Korea 2001Methamphetamine 1 Lab.(10.000 kg)
(Republic of)
Myanmar 2001Methamphetamine 5 Lab.
2002Methamphetamine 4 Lab.
Philippines 2001Methamphetamine 3 Lab.
2002Methamphetamine 4 Lab.
Thailand 2001Methamphetamine 10 Lab. Govt.

Subtotal East and South-East Asia 84 Lab.(10.000 kg)

Total Asia 84 Lab.(10.000 kg)

Europe
Eastern Europe
Bulgaria 2001Methamphetamine 1 Lab. INCB

Czech Republic 2001Methamphetamine 28 Lab.

260
 3. Production: Amphetamine-type stimulants

Country or Territory Year Name of drug seized Number of laboratories (and quantity of drug) Source

Czech Republic 2002Methamphetamine 104 Lab.

Slovakia 2001Methamphetamine 10 Lab.
Subtotal Eastern Europe 143 Lab.
Western Europe
Germany 2001Methamphetamine 3 Lab.
2002Methamphetamine 2 Lab.
Subtotal Western Europe 5 Lab.

Total Europe 148 Lab.

Oceania
Oceania
New Zealand 2001Methamphetamine 39 Lab.
2002Methamphetamine 147 Lab.
Subtotal Oceania 186 Lab.

Total Oceania 186 Lab.

Methamphetamine group 17489 Lab.(4242.400 kg)
ECSTASY GROUP
Africa
Southern Africa
South Africa 2001MDMA 5 Lab.(857.000 kg)
Subtotal Southern Africa 5 Lab.(857.000 kg)

Total Africa 5 Lab.(857.000 kg)

Americas
North America
Canada 2001MDA 2 Lab.
2002MDMA 8 Lab.
Mexico 2002MDMA 1 Lab.
United States 2001MDMA 17 Lab.(4.400 kg)
2002MDMA 9 Lab.(1.500 kg)
Subtotal North America 37 Lab.(5.900 kg)

Total Americas 37 Lab.(5.900 kg)

Asia
East and South-East Asia
China 2002 11 Lab.
Hong Kong 2001MDMA 3 Lab.
SAR, China
Indonesia 2001MDMA (Ecstasy) 9 Lab.
2002 2 Lab.
Subtotal East and South-East Asia 25 Lab.

Total Asia 25 Lab.

Europe
Eastern Europe
Estonia 2002MDMA 1 Lab.
Subtotal Eastern Europe 1 Lab.
Western Europe
Belgium 2001MDMA (Ecstasy) 3 Lab.
2001MDMA powder 1 Lab.
2002 4 Lab.
France 2002MDMA 1 Lab.

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 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

Country or Territory Year Name of drug seized Number of laboratories (and quantity of drug) Source

Germany 2001MDMA 2 Lab.

Netherlands 2001MDMA 25 Lab.
2002MDMA 18 Lab.
United 2001MDMA (Ecstasy) 1 Lab.
Kingdom
2002 1 Lab.
2002MDMA 2 Lab.( 4160000 u.)
Subtotal Western Europe 58 Lab.( 4160000 u.)

Total Europe 59 Lab.( 4160000 u.)

Oceania
Oceania
New Zealand 2001MDMA (Ecstasy) 2 Lab.
Subtotal Oceania 2 Lab.

Total Oceania 2 Lab.

Ecstasy group 128 Lab.(862.900 kg)( 4160000 u.)

262
 3. Production: Other Drugs

3.5. Other Drugs

3.5.1. Seizures of Illicit Laboratories

MANUFACTURE
SEIZURES OF ILLICIT LABORATORIES
REPORTED FOR 2001 - 2002

Remark: For convenience, an attempt was made to group the reported estimates by drug categories. however, due to inconsistencies and gaps
in the reporting, no overall analysis of the data set was performed. Numbers are presented as reported to UNODC and should be interpreted
with caution.
Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

Country or Territory Year Name of drug seized Number of laboratories (and quantity of drug) Source

OTHER SYNTHETIC STIMULANTS

Africa
Southern Africa
South Africa 2002 Methcathinone 13 Lab.
Subtotal Southern Africa 13 Lab.

Total Africa 13 Lab.

Americas
North America
United States 2001 Methcathinone 4 Lab.(0.172 kg)
2002 Methcathinone 9 Lab.(1.190 kg)
Subtotal North America 13 Lab.(1.362 kg)
South America
Colombia 2001 Synthetic drugs 1 Lab.
2002 1 Lab.
Subtotal South America 2 Lab.

Total Americas 15 Lab.(1.362 kg)

Europe
Western Europe
Netherlands 2002 1 Lab.
Subtotal Western Europe 1 Lab.

Total Europe 1 Lab.

Other synthetic stimulants 29 Lab.(1.362 kg)
DEPRESSANT GROUP
Africa
Southern Africa
South Africa 2001 Methaqualone 5 Lab.( 198419 u.)
2002 Methaqualone 4 Lab.
2002 GHB 1 Lab.
Subtotal Southern Africa 10 Lab.( 198419 u.)

Total Africa 10 Lab.( 198419 u.)

Americas
North America
Canada 2002 2 Lab.
United States 2002 GHB 7 Lab.(1.360 kg)
Subtotal North America 9 Lab.(1.360 kg)

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 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

Country or Territory Year Name of drug seized Number of laboratories (and quantity of drug) Source

Total Americas 9 Lab.(1.360 kg)

Asia
East and South-East Asia
China 2002 Methaqualone 1 Lab.
Subtotal East and South-East Asia 1 Lab.
South Asia
India 2002 Methaqualone 1 Lab.(442.000 kg)
Subtotal South Asia 1 Lab.(442.000 kg)

Total Asia 2 Lab.(442.000 kg)

Europe
Eastern Europe
Estonia 2002 GHB 1 Lab.
Subtotal Eastern Europe 1 Lab.

Total Europe 1 Lab.

Depressant group 22 Lab.(443.360 kg)( 198419 u.)
HALLUCINOGEN GROUP
Americas
North America
Canada 2002 2 Lab.
United States 2001 Phencyclidine (PCP) 4 Lab.
2002 6 Lab.(8.000 kg)
Subtotal North America 12 Lab.(8.000 kg)

Total Americas 12 Lab.(8.000 kg)

Europe
Western Europe
Denmark 2001 LSD 1 Lab.
Germany 2002 1 Lab.
Subtotal Western Europe 2 Lab.

Total Europe 2 Lab.

Hallucinogen group 14 Lab.(8.000 kg)
OTHER
Europe
Eastern Europe
Estonia 2002 1 Lab.
Russian 2001 Other drugs 300 Lab.
Federation
Subtotal Eastern Europe 301 Lab.

Total Europe 301 Lab.

Other 301 Lab.
UNSPECIFIED
Americas
South America
Peru 2002 unknown 238 Lab.
Subtotal South America 238 Lab.

Total Americas 238 Lab.

Europe

264
 3. Production: Other Drugs

Country or Territory Year Name of drug seized Number of laboratories (and quantity of drug) Source

Western Europe
Netherlands 2002 Unspecified 15 Lab. Govt

Spain 2002 Unspecified 8 Lab.

Subtotal Western Europe 23 Lab.

Total Europe 23 Lab.

Unspecified 261 Lab.

265
4. SEIZURES
 4. Seizures: Opiates

4.1. Opiates: Seizures 1997-2002

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002
Opium (raw and prepared)
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AFRICA
East Africa
Mauritius No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.001 kg No Report
Sub-Total 0.001 kg
North Africa
Egypt 31.156 kg 25.894 kg 24.702 kg 75.283 kg 40.000 kg 33.000 kg
ICPO
Tunisia No Report No Report No Report 0.017 kg No Report No Report
Sub-Total 31.156 kg 25.894 kg 24.702 kg 75.300 kg 40.000 kg 33.000 kg
Southern Africa
Govt Govt Govt Govt
Zambia 0.102 kg 6.770 kg 8.622 kg 0.000 kg 0.000 kg No Report
Sub-Total 0.102 kg 6.770 kg 8.622 kg
West and Central Africa
ICPO
Benin No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.414 kg No Report
ICPO
Niger No Report No Report 0.013 kg No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 0.013 kg 0.414 kg
Total region 31.258 kg 32.664 kg 33.337 kg 75.300 kg 40.415 kg 33.000 kg
AMERICAS
Caribbean
ICPO
Netherlands Antilles No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.440 kg
Sub-Total 0.440 kg
North America
Canada 11.925 kg 61.310 kg 57.000 kg 18.788 kg 27.307 kg 12.320 kg
10061 u. 140 u. 1313 u.
*
Mexico 342.081 kg 149.640 kg 801.180 kg 469.445 kg 516.369 kg 309.902 kg
United States 39.010 kg No Report 68.970 kg No Report 24.500 kg 95.779 kg
Sub-Total 393.016 kg 210.950 kg 927.150 kg 488.233 kg 568.176 kg 418.001 kg
10061 u. 140 u. 1313 u.
South America
Colombia 121.550 kg 99.950 kg 29.203 kg 16.063 kg 3.700 kg 110.000 kg
Peru No Report 11.528 kg No Report No Report 146.950 kg 244.753 kg
Sub-Total 121.550 kg 111.478 kg 29.203 kg 16.063 kg 150.650 kg 354.753 kg
Total region 514.566 kg 322.428 kg 956.353 kg 504.296 kg 718.826 kg 773.194 kg
10061 u. 140 u. 1313 u.
ASIA
Central Asia and Transcaucasian countries
Govt.
Armenia 2.054 kg No Report 2.032 kg 2.188 kg 0.090 kg 0.078 kg
ICPO ICPO
Azerbaijan 83.328 kg 48.541 kg 52.218 kg 87.617 kg 10.500 kg 0.127 kg
ICPO ICPO
Georgia No Report No Report 14.700 kg 33.500 kg No Report No Report
Govt. F.O F.O F.O
Kazakhstan 1000.000 kg 296.574 kg 170.236 kg 136.000 kg 36.000 kg 13.571 kg

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

* Seizures refer to opium latex

269
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Opium (raw and prepared)
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

ASIA
Central Asia and Transcaucasian countries
Kyrgyzstan 1639.476 kg 171.872 kg 151.174 kg 1405.232 kg 469.225 kg 109.295 kg
F.O F.O F.O
Tajikistan 3455.510 kg 1190.400 kg 1269.278 kg 4778.448 kg 3664.277 kg 1624.101 kg
Govt. Govt. F.O F.O F.O
Turkmenistan 1410.000 kg 1412.000 kg 4600.000 kg 2300.000 kg No Report 1200.000 kg
F.O F.O
Uzbekistan 2364.167 kg 1935.315 kg 3292.342 kg 2008.200 kg 241.680 kg 76.000 kg
Sub-Total 9954.535 kg 5054.702 kg 9551.979 kg 10751.190 kg 4421.772 kg 3023.172 kg
East and South-East Asia
ICPO
Cambodia 15.006 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
ICPO Govt. Govt.
China 1880.000 kg 1215.000 kg 1193.000 kg 2428.000 kg 2820.000 kg 1219.300 kg
Hong Kong SAR, 3.400 kg No Report 0.100 kg 0.090 kg 2.500 kg No Report
China
HNLP HNLP ICPO
Indonesia No Report 0.030 kg 3.097 kg 0.034 kg 0.009 kg No Report
Japan 39.061 kg 19.811 kg 7.688 kg 8.979 kg 11.020 kg 57.700 kg
1 u.
ICPO ICPO
Korea (Republic of) 6.805 kg 1.035 kg 3.064 kg 14996 u. 0.218 kg 0.258 kg
Govt. INCSR HNLP INCSR Govt
Lao People's Dem. 200.100 kg 442.000 kg 225.800 kg 78.000 kg 372.600 kg 123.150 kg
Rep.
ICPO
Malaysia 150.311 kg 32.747 kg 21.066 kg 0.710 kg 69.270 kg No Report
Myanmar 7883.975 kg 5705.881 kg 1759.538 kg 1773.652 kg 1770.773 kg 1989.222 kg
Singapore 1.545 kg 22.781 kg 98.144 kg 4.504 kg 13.375 kg No Report
HNLP HNLP ICPO
Thailand 1150.582 kg 1631.124 kg 421.939 kg 1595.000 kg 2289.000 kg 3458.000 kg
F.O ICPO
Viet Nam No Report No Report 495.350 kg 460.000 kg 583.005 kg No Report
Sub-Total 11330.790 kg 9070.408 kg 4228.786 kg 6348.969 kg 7931.770 kg 6847.630 kg
14996 u. 1 u.
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
Afghanistan No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 5581.615 kg
ICPO ICPO ICPO
Bahrain 0.007 kg 0.014 kg 0.323 kg 0.001 kg No Report 0.007 kg
NAPOL Govt
Iran (Islamic 162413.953 154453.569 204485.000 179053.000 81061.000 kg 72856.000 kg
Republic of) kg kg kg kg
Iraq 4.815 kg No Report No Report 10.511 kg 0.993 kg No Report
ICPO
Israel 5.100 kg 0.556 kg 0.005 kg 0.194 kg 4.405 kg 0.006 kg
Jordan 22.671 kg No Report 61.700 kg No Report 0.327 kg 19.326 kg
ICPO INCB ICPO ICPO
Kuwait 11.710 kg 4.720 kg 14.000 kg 32.500 kg No Report 6.367 kg
Lebanon 7.625 kg No Report 44.226 kg 0.052 kg 7.028 kg 0.762 kg
INCB ICPO
Oman 0.060 kg No Report No Report 1.647 kg 0.308 kg 0.591 kg
Govt. F.O
Pakistan 7300.000 kg 5021.712 kg 16319.918 kg 8867.407 kg 5175.000 kg 2686.257 kg
ICPO ICPO ICPO ICPO
Qatar 0.962 kg 0.030 kg 0.100 kg 2.700 kg No Report 0.225 kg
ICPO (1 ICPO
Saudi Arabia 16.127 kg 16.721 kg No Report 13.472 kg 0.954 kg 4.561 kg
Govt Govt Govt Govt Govt
Syrian Arab 6.003 kg 1.200 kg 5.876 kg 35.400 kg 1.862 kg 16.066 kg
Republic
United Arab 3.822 kg 9.717 kg 8.389 kg 27.236 kg 8.899 kg 22.669 kg
Emirates

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

270
 4. Seizures: Opiates

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Opium (raw and prepared)
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

ASIA
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
Sub-Total 169792.800 kg 159508.300 kg 220939.500 kg 188044.100 kg 86260.770 kg 81194.470 kg
South Asia
F.O ICPO
Bangladesh No Report No Report 0.072 kg No Report 11.535 kg 0.023 kg
India 3316.000 kg 2031.000 kg 1588.000 kg 2684.000 kg 2533.000 kg 1867.000 kg
Nepal No Report 0.950 kg 1.440 kg No Report No Report No Report
Sri Lanka 1571 u. 0.020 kg 0.008 kg 36.452 kg 1.658 kg 16.800 kg
Sub-Total 3316.000 kg 2031.970 kg 1589.520 kg 2720.452 kg 2546.193 kg 1883.823 kg
1571 u.
Total region 194394.200 kg 175665.300 kg 236309.800 kg 207864.700 kg 101160.500 kg 92949.090 kg
1571 u. 14996 u. 1 u.
EUROPE
Eastern Europe
ICPO
Albania No Report No Report 0.026 kg No Report No Report No Report
INCB ICPO
Belarus 1.124 kg 0.001 kg 0.033 kg 0.090 kg 1381.000 kg 0.056 kg
ICPO
Bosnia Herzegovina No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.074 kg
Bulgaria 8.240 kg 1.970 kg 4.466 kg No Report 1.980 kg 1.440 kg
(2
Croatia 0.001 kg 0.103 kg 0.011 kg No Report No Report
ICPO
Estonia No Report No Report No Report 19.426 kg No Report 169.509 kg
20 u.
NAPOL NAPOL NAPOL Govt
FYR of Macedonia 44.783 kg 19.985 kg 12.239 kg 27.395 kg 3.494 kg 22.930 kg
Hungary No Report No Report 2.149 kg 17.905 kg 0.003 kg 0.892 kg
Latvia 0.230 kg 0.755 kg 0.005 kg 0.005 kg No Report No Report
Lithuania 0.236 kg 0.101 kg 0.190 kg 0.129 kg 436.505 kg 261.373 kg
Poland No Report No Report No Report 55.000 kg No Report 16.000 kg
ICPO ICPO Govt
Republic of Moldova 20.000 kg No Report 28.000 kg 1485.000 kg 1891.000 kg 1505.000 kg
98.550 lt.
ICPO
Romania 2.488 kg 0.728 kg 2.470 kg 0.060 kg 15.530 kg 0.794 kg
F.O F.O F.O
Russian Federation 222.706 kg 1803.700 kg 1506.966 kg 2186.000 kg 862.645 kg 445.254 kg
Serbia and No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.587 kg
Montenegro
ICPO
Ukraine No Report No Report No Report 166.056 kg 151.009 kg 42.000 kg
Sub-Total 299.808 kg 1827.240 kg 1556.647 kg 3957.077 kg 4743.166 kg 2465.909 kg
98.550 lt.
20 u.
Western Europe
Austria 9.041 kg 10.447 kg 33.646 kg 69.873 kg 4.488 kg 25.160 kg
Belgium No Report 0.011 kg 0.200 kg No Report No Report
Cyprus 1.913 kg 0.021 kg 0.062 kg 0.575 kg 0.367 kg No Report
Denmark 0.105 kg 5.428 kg 0.330 kg 1.405 kg 5.000 kg 5.274 kg
Finland No Report 0.007 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

271
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Opium (raw and prepared)
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

EUROPE
Western Europe
France 2.696 kg 3.194 kg 0.503 kg 18.701 kg 2.720 kg 1.376 kg
Germany 41.656 kg 286.074 kg 79.500 kg 30.900 kg 4.115 kg 62.674 kg
ICPO
Greece 2.559 kg No Report 46.208 kg 1.742 kg 0.955 kg No Report
ICPO
Italy 9.821 kg 2.895 kg 0.401 kg 28.672 kg 0.189 kg 0.539 kg
54 u. 6 u. 17 u.
Norway 0.023 kg 2.498 kg 1.661 kg 9.800 kg 3.214 kg 0.121 kg
ICPO
Portugal 0.012 kg 0.001 kg No Report 2.850 kg 0.015 kg 0.082 kg
77 u. 1014 u.
Spain 26.287 kg 0.002 kg 1.080 kg 5.264 kg 84.900 kg 0.153 kg
Sweden 7.709 kg 15.641 kg 9.867 kg 24.030 kg 16.153 kg 10.100 kg
139 u.
ICPO
Switzerland 0.042 kg 0.015 kg 0.775 kg 0.009 kg No Report 0.005 kg
Govt.
Turkey 93.356 kg 141.665 kg 318.624 kg 362.950 kg 261.176 kg 161.054 kg
NCIS (3
United Kingdom 17.800 kg 54.263 kg 37.700 kg 18.481 kg 34.971 kg 34.971 kg
Sub-Total 213.020 kg 522.162 kg 530.557 kg 575.252 kg 418.263 kg 301.509 kg
193 u. 83 u. 1031 u.
Total region 512.828 kg 2349.402 kg 2087.204 kg 4532.329 kg 5161.429 kg 2767.418 kg
193 u. 98.550 lt. 83 u. 1031 u.
20 u.
OCEANIA
Oceania
INCB
Australia 2.095 kg No Report 3.000 kg 2.279 kg 68.410 kg 12.535 kg
397 u.
INCB
New Zealand 0.016 kg 0.006 kg No Report No Report 0.008 kg 0.004 kg
Sub-Total 2.111 kg 0.006 kg 3.000 kg 2.279 kg 68.418 kg 12.539 kg
397 u.
Total region 2.111 kg 0.006 kg 3.000 kg 2.279 kg 68.418 kg 12.539 kg
397 u.
TOTAL 195454.900 kg 178369.800 kg 239389.700 kg 212978.900 kg 107149.600 kg 96535.250 kg
1764 u. 10061 u. 98.550 lt. 480 u. 2345 u.
15156 u.
1) Including other opiates. 2) Small quantity. 3) Due to unavailability of 2002 data, year 2001 data were used for analysis
purposes.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

272
 4. Seizures: Opiates

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Opium (liquid)
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AFRICA
North Africa
Egypt 0.009 lt. 0.030 lt. 0.001 lt. 0.005 lt. No Report No Report
Sub-Total 0.009 lt. 0.030 lt. 0.001 lt. 0.005 lt.
Total region 0.009 lt. 0.030 lt. 0.001 lt. 0.005 lt.
AMERICAS
Caribbean
Cayman Islands No Report No Report No Report 0.628 kg No Report No Report
1 u.
Sub-Total 0.628 kg
1 u.
South America
Peru No Report No Report 66.088 kg 508.358 kg No Report No Report
Sub-Total 66.088 kg 508.358 kg
Total region 66.088 kg 508.986 kg
1 u.
ASIA
Central Asia and Transcaucasian countries
Armenia No Report 2.000 kg No Report 0.002 kg No Report No Report
Kazakhstan No Report 1.265 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
Kyrgyzstan 15000 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 15000 u. 3.265 kg 0.002 kg
East and South-East Asia
Hong Kong SAR, No Report No Report No Report 2 u. No Report No Report
China
Indonesia No Report 0.030 kg 3.097 kg 0.034 kg No Report No Report
Japan No Report 0.130 lt. No Report No Report No Report No Report
Lao People's Dem. No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 98.000 lt.
Rep.
Myanmar 1027.685 kg 383.251 kg 332.495 kg 16.086 kg 18.684 kg 18.025 kg
Sub-Total 1027.685 kg 383.281 kg 335.592 kg 16.120 kg 18.684 kg 18.025 kg
0.130 lt. 2 u. 98.000 lt.
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
Jordan No Report No Report No Report 41.150 kg No Report No Report
(1
Lebanon No Report 35.840 kg No Report 0.000 kg No Report No Report
Sub-Total 35.840 kg 41.150 kg
Total region 1027.685 kg 422.386 kg 335.592 kg 57.272 kg 18.684 kg 18.025 kg
15000 u. 0.130 lt. 2 u. 98.000 lt.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

273
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Opium (liquid)
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

EUROPE
Eastern Europe
(2 (3
Belarus No Report 330.882 kg 244.034 kg 220.520 kg No Report 334.225 kg
Croatia 2.000 lt. 8.600 lt. No Report 1.500 kg No Report No Report
Estonia No Report 19.200 kg 0.276 kg 0.027 kg No Report No Report
293 u. 61 u. 19 u.
Latvia 0.133 lt. 64.800 kg 17.300 kg 7.170 kg No Report No Report
Lithuania 86.000 lt. 49.490 lt. 190.000 lt. 77.000 lt. No Report No Report
Republic of Moldova No Report 13.480 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
Ukraine 171.200 kg 127.000 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 171.200 kg 555.362 kg 261.610 kg 229.217 kg 334.225 kg
88.133 lt. 58.090 lt. 190.000 lt. 77.000 lt.
293 u. 61 u. 19 u.
Western Europe
Austria No Report No Report No Report 0.075 kg No Report No Report
Denmark 0.030 kg 0.004 kg 2.640 kg No Report No Report No Report
Italy No Report No Report No Report 35 u. No Report No Report
Sweden No Report 0.326 lt. 16.000 lt. 0.018 kg No Report No Report
Sub-Total 0.030 kg 0.004 kg 2.640 kg 0.093 kg
0.326 lt. 16.000 lt. 35 u.
Total region 171.230 kg 555.366 kg 264.250 kg 229.310 kg 334.225 kg
88.133 lt. 58.416 lt. 206.000 lt. 77.000 lt.
293 u. 61 u. 54 u.
OCEANIA
Oceania
Australia 1.630 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 1.630 kg
Total region 1.630 kg
TOTAL 1200.545 kg 977.752 kg 665.930 kg 795.568 kg 18.684 kg 352.250 kg
88.142 lt. 58.576 lt. 206.001 lt. 77.005 lt. 98.000 lt.
15000 u. 293 u. 61 u. 57 u.
1) Small quantity. 2) Includes liquid heroin (1.160kg) 3) poppy brew

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

274
 4. Seizures: Opiates

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Opium (plant,capsule)
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AFRICA
North Africa
Egypt No Report 0.352 kg 14.552 kg No Report No Report No Report
30214000 u.
Sub-Total 0.352 kg 14.552 kg
30214000 u.
West and Central Africa
ICPO
Niger No Report 0.040 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sao Tome and 0.300 kg No Report 0.300 kg No Report No Report No Report
Principe
Sub-Total 0.300 kg 0.040 kg 0.300 kg
Total region 0.300 kg 0.392 kg 14.852 kg
30214000 u.
AMERICAS
Central America
Govt.
Guatemala 2.600 kg 114238 u. 23100 u. 20619 u. No Report No Report
69119 u.
Sub-Total 2.600 kg 114238 u. 23100 u. 20619 u.
69119 u.
North America
Canada 18 u. 2.016 kg 15000 u. No Report No Report No Report
United States 50.685 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
0.109 lt.
Sub-Total 50.685 kg 2.016 kg 15000 u.
0.109 lt.
18 u.
South America
Argentina 2.470 kg 408 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report
Colombia 104818496 No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
u.
Ecuador No Report 100873 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report
Peru 1754 u. 964 u. 63703.614 kg 20837.016 kg No Report No Report
Sub-Total 2.470 kg 102245 u. 63703.610 kg 20837.020 kg
104820200 u.
Total region 55.755 kg 2.016 kg 63703.610 kg 20837.020 kg
0.109 lt. 216483 u. 38100 u. 20619 u.
104889400 u.
ASIA
Central Asia and Transcaucasian countries
Armenia 4.460 kg 18.725 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
ICPO
Azerbaijan 38750.000 kg 6.200 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
ICPO
Georgia No Report 7.500 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

275
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Opium (plant,capsule)
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

ASIA
Central Asia and Transcaucasian countries
Kazakhstan No Report 113.895 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
(1
Tajikistan No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 143.141 kg
Uzbekistan 118.285 kg 54.496 kg No Report 14.700 kg No Report No Report
Sub-Total 38872.750 kg 200.816 kg 14.700 kg 143.141 kg
East and South-East Asia
Hong Kong SAR, No Report No Report 32 u. 3.001 kg No Report No Report
China
Indonesia 1620 u. 0.030 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
Japan 6803 u. 0.063 kg No Report 0.022 kg No Report 0.091 kg
6807 u. 11571 u. 1424 u.
Korea (Republic of) 24301 u. 21944 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report
Malaysia 321 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Thailand 205.234 kg No Report 312.837 kg No Report No Report No Report
ICPO ICPO
Viet Nam 919.000 kg 1.100 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 1124.234 kg 1.193 kg 312.837 kg 3.023 kg 0.091 kg
33045 u. 28751 u. 32 u. 11571 u. 1424 u.
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
Pakistan No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 21757.000 kg
United Arab 129 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Emirates
ICPO
Yemen No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 129 u. 21757.000 kg
South Asia
ICPO
Nepal 0.693 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 0.693 kg
Total region 39997.670 kg 202.009 kg 312.837 kg 17.723 kg 21900.230 kg
33174 u. 28751 u. 32 u. 11571 u. 1424 u.
EUROPE
Eastern Europe
INCB
Belarus 327.744 kg 1621.000 kg 1056.000 kg 1084.000 kg No Report No Report
Bulgaria No Report No Report No Report No Report 1415.000 kg No Report
Croatia 769 u. 3504 u. 6206 u. 1.607 kg No Report No Report
519 u.
Estonia 165.800 kg 36.011 kg No Report 37.883 kg No Report No Report
111 u. 69 u.
Latvia 218.000 kg 192.000 kg 30.200 kg 145.950 kg No Report No Report
Lithuania 1291.000 kg 1525.000 kg 744.000 kg 623.000 kg No Report No Report
Poland 8500.000 kg 4000.000 kg 3553.000 kg No Report No Report No Report
Govt
Republic of Moldova 597.000 kg 406.550 kg No Report No Report No Report 3635.000 kg
Russian Federation 853.019 kg 16511.359 kg 18366.055 kg No Report No Report No Report

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

276
 4. Seizures: Opiates

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Opium (plant,capsule)
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

EUROPE
Eastern Europe
Ukraine 34003.262 kg 26632.801 kg No Report No Report No Report 23115.000 kg
Sub-Total 45955.820 kg 50924.720 kg 23749.260 kg 1892.440 kg 1415.000 kg 26750.000 kg
769 u. 3615 u. 6206 u. 588 u.
Western Europe
Austria 1.193 kg 9.367 kg 9.349 kg No Report No Report No Report
Finland No Report 1.000 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
Greece 640 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
(2
Italy 1448 u. 5991 u. No Report 4449 u. No Report No Report
Norway 0.115 kg 0.070 kg No Report 0.001 kg No Report No Report
Portugal No Report 28848 u. 351 u. 2.850 kg No Report No Report
1348 u.
Spain 862.112 kg 4.800 kg 1003.004 kg 22755.700 kg No Report 49.737 kg
(3
Sweden No Report 3615 u. No Report No Report No Report
Turkey No Report No Report No Report 1820.000 kg No Report No Report
3550 u.
Sub-Total 863.420 kg 15.237 kg 1012.353 kg 24578.550 kg 49.737 kg
2088 u. 34839 u. 3966 u. 9347 u.
Total region 46819.250 kg 50939.960 kg 24761.610 kg 26470.990 kg 1415.000 kg 26799.740 kg
2857 u. 38454 u. 10172 u. 9935 u.
OCEANIA
Oceania
Australia 0.095 kg No Report No Report 0.407 kg No Report 79.533 kg
2083 u.
New Zealand No Report 20249 u. 338 u. No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 0.095 kg 20249 u. 338 u. 0.407 kg 79.533 kg
2083 u.
Total region 0.095 kg 20249 u. 338 u. 0.407 kg 79.533 kg
2083 u.
TOTAL 86873.060 kg 51144.380 kg 88792.910 kg 47326.130 kg 1415.000 kg 48779.500 kg
0.109 lt. 30517940 u. 48642 u. 44208 u. 1424 u.
104925400 u.
1) Poppystraw, heads,stems & leaves 2) 221buds(1), 4,228 plants(6) 3) Including depressants.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

277
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Heroin
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AFRICA
East Africa
ICPO
Burundi No Report No Report 0.006 kg No Report No Report No Report
260 u.
Ethiopia 36.112 kg 8.987 kg 12.582 kg 18.042 kg 5.650 kg 33.505 kg
Govt
Kenya 7.787 kg 9.954 kg 17.459 kg 28.657 kg 19.438 kg 41.272 kg
ICPO
Madagascar No Report No Report 0.005 kg No Report No Report No Report
Mauritius 6.920 kg 6.060 kg 3.067 kg 4.062 kg 24.532 kg 6.973 kg
Rwanda No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.500 kg
Uganda No Report 1.302 kg 14.170 kg 3.400 kg 5.772 kg 11.190 kg
ICPO Govt ICPO
United Republic of 4.852 kg 2.745 kg 7.583 kg 5.322 kg 7.997 kg 1.458 kg
Tanzania
Sub-Total 55.671 kg 29.048 kg 54.872 kg 59.483 kg 63.389 kg 94.898 kg
260 u.
North Africa
ICPO ICPO
Algeria No Report 0.256 kg 0.002 kg No Report 0.006 kg 0.024 kg
Egypt 51.222 kg 24.416 kg 23.627 kg 37.114 kg 38.000 kg 55.000 kg
0.225 lt. 0.266 lt. 385 u.
F.O F.O F.O F.O
Libyan Arab Jam. 0.851 kg 4.809 kg 4.809 kg 15.000 kg 12.000 kg No Report
Govt.
Morocco 0.318 kg 1.282 kg 0.437 kg 0.152 kg 3.971 kg 3.528 kg
110 u. 18 u.
Govt Govt
Sudan No Report No Report 0.250 kg No Report 0.505 kg No Report
ICPO ICPO
Tunisia 0.308 kg 0.474 kg 1.391 kg 1.020 kg No Report 0.254 kg
Sub-Total 52.699 kg 31.237 kg 30.516 kg 53.286 kg 54.482 kg 58.806 kg
0.225 lt. 0.266 lt. 495 u. 18 u.
Southern Africa
ICPO (1 ICPO ICPO
Angola 0.010 kg No Report 0.005 kg 21.500 kg No Report
ICPO
Botswana 0.228 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
ICPO
Lesotho No Report No Report 0.500 kg No Report No Report No Report
Malawi No Report 0.200 kg 0.500 kg No Report No Report No Report
ICPO ICPO
Mozambique No Report No Report No Report 232 u. 0.005 kg No Report
ICPO
Namibia No Report No Report 0.003 kg 0.100 kg 0.003 kg 0.002 kg
ICPO
South Africa 1.548 kg 5.383 kg 7.435 kg 15.386 kg 8.465 kg 15.020 kg
ICPO
Swaziland 1.041 kg 0.010 kg 0.097 kg 1.919 kg 0.093 kg 0.004 kg
Govt Govt Govt
Zambia 0.000 kg 0.001 kg 0.369 kg 0.005 kg 0.002 kg 0.360 kg
Zimbabwe No Report 0.740 kg No Report No Report No Report 0.077 kg
Sub-Total 2.827 kg 6.334 kg 8.904 kg 17.415 kg 30.068 kg 15.463 kg
232 u.
West and Central Africa
Govt Govt F.O ICPO ICPO
Benin 0.143 kg 0.888 kg 18.670 kg 7.572 kg 0.079 kg 0.014 kg
Govt.
Burkina Faso 222.000 kg No Report No Report No Report 0.038 kg No Report
Cameroon No Report 2.150 kg 0.400 kg No Report No Report No Report

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

278
 4. Seizures: Opiates

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Heroin
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AFRICA
West and Central Africa
ICPO
Chad No Report No Report 1.800 kg No Report No Report No Report
Congo 0.070 kg No Report No Report No Report 0.010 kg 0.016 kg
ICPO
Côte d'Ivoire 0.538 kg 0.060 kg 1.889 kg 3.035 kg 10.394 kg 34.085 kg
16 u. 19 u.
ICPO
Gabon No Report No Report 0.106 kg No Report No Report No Report
ICPO ICPO
Gambia 0.088 kg 0.590 kg 0.039 kg No Report 4.000 kg No Report
Ghana 0.005 kg 18.023 kg 21.020 kg No Report No Report 19.060 kg
ICPO ICPO ICPO
Guinea No Report No Report No Report 2.215 kg 0.592 kg 0.057 kg
Govt Govt
Mauritania 0.005 kg 0.005 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
ICPO ICPO
Niger 0.100 kg 0.412 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
Govt
Nigeria 10.490 kg 362.000 kg 81.035 kg 55.100 kg 46.639 kg 55.626 kg
ICPO ICPO ICPO ICPO
Senegal No Report 0.234 kg 0.071 kg 198 u. No Report 0.336 kg
382 u.
Govt.
Togo 81.601 kg No Report No Report 10.808 kg 15.253 kg 4.727 kg
Sub-Total 315.040 kg 384.362 kg 125.030 kg 78.730 kg 77.005 kg 113.921 kg
16 u. 401 u. 198 u.
Total region 426.237 kg 450.981 kg 219.322 kg 208.914 kg 224.944 kg 283.089 kg
0.225 lt. 0.266 lt. 661 u. 430 u. 495 u. 18 u.
16 u.
AMERICAS
Caribbean
INCB F.O F.O F.O ICPO
Aruba 3.298 kg No Report 6.000 kg 78.000 kg 65.000 kg 25.677 kg
HONLC
Barbados No Report No Report 3.230 kg No Report No Report No Report
F.O
Bermuda 0.398 kg No Report 0.836 kg 0.292 kg 2.000 kg 2.630 kg
British Virgin Islands No Report No Report No Report No Report 1.200 kg No Report
1 u.
F.O
Cayman Islands No Report No Report No Report 1.000 kg 0.213 kg No Report
ICPO F.O
Cuba 0.700 kg No Report 3.000 kg No Report No Report No Report
F.O HONLC
Dominican Republic 11.328 kg 6.891 kg 11.909 kg 24.000 kg 33.003 kg 67.000 kg
F.O
Guadeloupe No Report No Report No Report No Report 4.000 kg No Report
Jamaica No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.450 kg No Report
INCB ICPO F.O ICPO
Netherlands Antilles No Report No Report 2.000 kg 2.032 kg 72.000 kg 62.622 kg
F.O F.O ICPO
Puerto Rico No Report No Report No Report 24.000 kg 42.000 kg 12.070 kg
24619 u.
Saint Lucia No Report No Report No Report 2.000 kg No Report No Report
INCSR ICPO
Trinidad Tobago No Report No Report No Report 5.000 kg No Report 10.380 kg
Sub-Total 15.724 kg 6.891 kg 26.975 kg 136.324 kg 219.866 kg 180.379 kg
1 u. 24619 u.
Central America
Belize No Report No Report No Report No Report 3.399 kg No Report

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

279
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Heroin
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AMERICAS
Central America
CICAD *
Costa Rica 26.000 kg 13.500 kg 2.400 kg 7.787 kg 20.280 kg 58.770 kg*
ICPO ICPO ICPO
El Salvador 2.151 kg 0.697 kg 0.099 kg 6.900 kg 9.368 kg 13.229 kg
Govt.
Guatemala 17.420 kg 3.650 kg 53.000 kg 9.740 kg 21.170 kg 0.050 kg
CICAD CICAD ICPO
Nicaragua 2.000 kg No Report 2.000 kg 2.000 kg 8.422 kg 53.189 kg
HONLC
Panama 33.307 kg 22.825 kg 46.456 kg 39.045 kg 87.000 kg 101.100 kg
Sub-Total 80.878 kg 40.672 kg 103.954 kg 65.472 kg 149.639 kg 226.338 kg
North America
Canada 95.000 kg 22.295 kg 88.000 kg 6.970 kg 73.979 kg 3.295 kg
0.176 lt. 91 u. 0.117 lt.
994 u. 2 u.
Mexico 114.903 kg 120.896 kg 260.191 kg 299.102 kg 263.152 kg * * 282.692 kg
Govt.
United States 1542.000 kg 1580.700 kg 1200.000 kg 1705.188 kg 1983.700 kg 2765.600 kg
437 u. 1.850 lt.
593 u.
Sub-Total 1751.903 kg 1723.891 kg 1548.191 kg 2011.260 kg 2320.831 kg 3051.587 kg
0.176 lt. 528 u. 1.967 lt.
994 u. 595 u.
South America
Argentina 38.580 kg 31.040 kg 7.962 kg 47.664 kg 84.683 kg 32.296 kg
Bolivia No Report 0.760 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
ICPO Govt F.O
Brazil No Report 0.950 kg No Report 12.500 kg 56.600 kg
Chile No Report No Report No Report 21.088 kg 33.234 kg 13.649 kg
Colombia 129.735 kg 239.154 kg 514.592 kg 563.054 kg 787.600 kg 775.000 kg
ICPO
Ecuador 53.096 kg 58.248 kg 80.559 kg 108.715 kg 254.639 kg No Report
Peru No Report No Report No Report 2.186 kg 0.004 kg 15.793 kg
Suriname No Report 0.030 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
ICPO
Uruguay No Report No Report No Report No Report 5.872 kg 7.200 kg
CICAD
Venezuela 16.086 kg No Report 41.514 kg 195.580 kg 228.430 kg 562.950 kg
Sub-Total 237.497 kg 330.182 kg 644.627 kg 938.287 kg 1406.962 kg 1463.488 kg
Total region 2086.002 kg 2101.636 kg 2323.748 kg 3151.343 kg 4097.298 kg 4921.792 kg
0.176 lt. 528 u. 1.967 lt. 1 u. 24619 u.
994 u. 595 u.
ASIA
Central Asia and Transcaucasian countries
Armenia 0.429 kg 0.065 kg 0.191 kg 0.109 kg 0.016 kg 0.175 kg
ICPO ICPO
Azerbaijan 0.170 kg 4.332 kg 4.018 kg 9.917 kg 4.000 kg 0.704 kg
ICPO ICPO ICPO ICPO
Georgia No Report 0.083 kg 2.300 kg 3.993 kg 5.518 kg No Report
Govt. F.O F.O F.O
Kazakhstan 43.000 kg 24.196 kg 54.264 kg 262.400 kg 136.700 kg 167.690 kg
Kyrgyzstan 4.404 kg 24.732 kg 26.870 kg 216.780 kg 170.898 kg 271.250 kg
F.O
Tajikistan 60.000 kg 271.471 kg 708.820 kg 1882.929 kg 4239.005 kg 3958.182 kg

F.O
Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated
F.O

* Reported figures at the time of the preparation of the report; revised figures by the Gov. of Costa Rica show seizures of heroin of
61.77 kg in 2002 and 121.3 kg in 2003.
* * Reported figures at the time of the preparation of the report, revised figures by the Gov. of Mexico show seizures of heroin of 269.614 kg
in 2001.

280
 4. Seizures: Opiates

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Heroin
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

ASIA
Central Asia and Transcaucasian countries
Govt. Govt. F.O F.O NAPOL F.O
Turkmenistan 1948.000 kg 495.000 kg 240.000 kg 200.000 kg 71.000 kg 400.000 kg
F.O
Uzbekistan 70.269 kg 194.679 kg 324.843 kg 675.000 kg 466.601 kg 256.320 kg
Sub-Total 2126.272 kg 1014.558 kg 1361.306 kg 3251.128 kg 5093.738 kg 5054.322 kg
East and South-East Asia
ICPO
Brunei Darussalam 0.001 kg 0.003 kg No Report 0.001 kg No Report 0.004 kg
ICPO
Cambodia 16.000 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
ICPO Govt.
China 5477.000 kg 7358.000 kg 5364.000 kg 6281.000 kg 13200.000 kg 9290.800 kg
Govt.
Hong Kong SAR, 202.200 kg 209.000 kg 284.001 kg 339.003 kg 156.400 kg 105.590 kg
China
0.003 lt.
Indonesia 20.433 kg 27.761 kg 14.049 kg 22.655 kg 16.641 kg 20.004 kg
Japan 5.990 kg 3.947 kg 2.150 kg 7.006 kg 4.944 kg 20.900 kg
0.000 lt.
ICPO
Korea (Republic of) 0.599 kg 2.126 kg 0.342 kg No Report 0.567 kg 1.078 kg
Govt. INCSR HNLP INCSR Govt
Lao People's Dem. 72.300 kg 80.000 kg 14.750 kg 20.000 kg 49.700 kg 21.245 kg
Rep.
30 u.
ICPO ICPO INCB
Macau SAR, China 0.231 kg 2.217 kg 1.000 kg 0.147 kg 0.069 kg 0.052 kg
ICPO ICPO
Malaysia 276.154 kg 289.664 kg 200.937 kg 109.170 kg 227.058 kg 294.471 kg
Myanmar 1401.079 kg 403.805 kg 273.193 kg 158.921 kg 96.744 kg 333.888 kg
ICPO ICPO
Philippines 3.014 kg 1.741 kg 0.022 kg No Report 0.010 kg No Report
Singapore 82.613 kg 141.852 kg 56.730 kg 52.083 kg 106.678 kg 63.420 kg
PRESS PRESS
Taiwan province, No Report No Report No Report 273.000 kg 153.000 kg No Report
China
HNLP F.O F.O
Thailand 323.287 kg 507.769 kg 405.034 kg 384.000 kg 501.000 kg 697.000 kg
ICPO ICPO F.O ICPO
Viet Nam 24.300 kg 60.000 kg 66.663 kg 49.320 kg 40.300 kg No Report
70000 u.
Sub-Total 7905.201 kg 9087.884 kg 6682.871 kg 7696.305 kg 14553.110 kg 10848.450 kg
0.003 lt. 70000 u. 30 u.
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
Afghanistan No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 1291.700 kg
ICPO ICPO ICPO ICPO
Bahrain 4.165 kg 3.982 kg 2.856 kg 1.643 kg 0.001 kg 2.473 kg
NAPOL Govt
Iran (Islamic 1986.042 kg 2894.462 kg 6030.000 kg 6189.000 kg 4001.000 kg 3977.000 kg
Republic of)
Iraq No Report 8.300 kg No Report 1.020 kg No Report No Report
ICPO
Israel 75.100 kg 137.800 kg 111.830 kg 80.000 kg 67.625 kg 66.590 kg
Jordan 82.449 kg 52.397 kg 41.397 kg 127.712 kg 35.545 kg 14.666 kg
ICPO INCB ICPO
Kuwait 23.590 kg 21.601 kg 35.000 kg No Report No Report 17.186 kg
Lebanon 2.361 kg 3.093 kg 8.149 kg 2.363 kg 13.002 kg 2.005 kg
INCB ICPO
Oman 0.756 kg No Report 54.109 kg 14.008 kg 8.485 kg 28.734 kg
ICPO
Pakistan 6156.000 kg 3363.723 kg 4973.711 kg 9492.029 kg 6931.470 kg 5870.498 kg

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

281
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Heroin
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

ASIA
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
ICPO ICPO ICPO ICPO
Qatar No Report 1.480 kg 0.108 kg 0.534 kg 0.404 kg 7.045 kg
ICPO ICPO
Saudi Arabia 115.667 kg 63.107 kg No Report 200.922 kg 178.825 kg 28.564 kg
Govt Govt Govt Govt Govt
Syrian Arab 12.263 kg 36.204 kg 57.659 kg 50.441 kg 30.342 kg 27.663 kg
Republic
United Arab 35.767 kg 34.450 kg 65.909 kg 82.176 kg 40.100 kg 115.031 kg
Emirates
ICPO
Yemen No Report 0.027 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 8494.159 kg 6620.626 kg 11380.730 kg 16241.850 kg 11306.800 kg 11449.160 kg
South Asia
F.O ICPO
Bangladesh No Report No Report 28.840 kg 8.031 kg 42.290 kg 15.746 kg
Govt
India 1332.000 kg 655.000 kg 839.000 kg 1240.000 kg 889.000 kg 933.000 kg
ICPO
Maldives No Report 1.142 kg 0.357 kg No Report 0.167 kg 0.300 kg
Govt Govt Govt Govt ICPO
Nepal 11.117 kg 9.400 kg 1.515 kg 1.705 kg 9.360 kg 10.493 kg
Sri Lanka 55.015 kg 56.942 kg 68.500 kg 94.150 kg 102.216 kg 62.545 kg
Sub-Total 1398.132 kg 722.484 kg 938.212 kg 1343.886 kg 1043.033 kg 1022.084 kg
Total region 19923.770 kg 17445.550 kg 20363.120 kg 28533.170 kg 31996.680 kg 28374.010 kg
0.003 lt. 70000 u. 30 u.
EUROPE
Eastern Europe
ICPO Govt Govt
Albania No Report No Report 7.122 kg 47.000 kg 4.500 kg 71.714 kg
INCB ICPO
Belarus 0.635 kg 0.907 kg 1.977 kg 3.442 kg 3.257 kg 6.171 kg
NAPOL NAPOL ICPO NAPOL ICPO ICPO
Bosnia Herzegovina 0.017 kg 0.686 kg 1.125 kg 0.375 kg 1.900 kg 3.265 kg
5 u.
Bulgaria 322.691 kg 219.632 kg 265.249 kg 2067.201 kg 1550.629 kg 535.090 kg
Croatia 3.040 kg 50.095 kg 13.232 kg 7.041 kg 19.569 kg 46.359 kg
Czech Republic 21.442 kg 240.000 kg 108.380 kg 114.520 kg 88.590 kg 34.033 kg
478 u. 40 u.
Estonia No Report 0.091 kg 0.518 kg 0.438 kg 1.163 kg 3.783 kg
129 u. 1269 u. 2129 u.
NAPOL NAPOL NAPOL Govt
FYR of Macedonia 15.425 kg 91.672 kg 14.375 kg 90.789 kg 110.882 kg 28.572 kg
Govt.
Hungary 206.160 kg 634.613 kg 172.703 kg 819.000 kg 154.410 kg 320.129 kg
Latvia 0.011 kg 0.098 kg 0.768 kg 0.775 kg 0.465 kg No Report
Lithuania 0.089 kg 0.423 kg 0.923 kg 0.943 kg 2.740 kg 2.761 kg
(2
Poland 142.812 kg 67.405 kg 44.947 kg 120.063 kg 208.106 kg 293.207 kg
388.000 lt.
ICPO
Republic of Moldova 10.000 kg No Report No Report 1.313 kg 0.041 kg No Report
ICPO
Romania 117.922 kg 412.327 kg 63.630 kg 52.940 kg 41.770 kg 202.180 kg
F.O F.O
Russian Federation 24.027 kg 442.900 kg 695.085 kg 984.000 kg 1287.226 kg 842.163 kg
ICPO
Serbia and 15.425 kg No Report No Report No Report 62.518 kg 43.462 kg
Montenegro

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

282
 4. Seizures: Opiates

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Heroin
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

EUROPE
Eastern Europe
Slovakia 90.450 kg 13.671 kg 5.808 kg 98.507 kg 15.680 kg 15.400 kg
Slovenia 29.828 kg 46.106 kg 32.270 kg 392.065 kg 88.930 kg 68.670 kg
ICPO. ICPO
Ukraine 3.728 kg 8.940 kg 21.530 kg 21.743 kg 8.669 kg 206.600 kg
Sub-Total 1003.702 kg 2229.566 kg 1449.642 kg 4822.155 kg 3651.045 kg 2723.559 kg
129 u. 1269 u. 388.000 lt. 483 u. 40 u.
2129 u.
Western Europe
ICPO ICPO ICPO (1
Andorra 0.005 kg 0.003 kg 0.013 kg 0.009 kg 0.009 kg
Austria 102.138 kg 118.213 kg 78.914 kg 230.747 kg 288.312 kg 59.473 kg
UNODC (3
Belgium 55.000 kg 75.790 kg 73.537 kg 187.739 kg 187.739 kg 262.000 kg
Cyprus No Report 0.035 kg 2.193 kg 4.949 kg 1.638 kg 0.283 kg
Denmark 37.900 kg 55.136 kg 96.040 kg 32.080 kg 25.125 kg 62.495 kg
Finland 2.532 kg 1.965 kg 2.884 kg 6.026 kg 7.500 kg
France 415.453 kg 343.783 kg 203.313 kg 443.935 kg 351.055 kg 476.149 kg
Germany 722.211 kg 685.920 kg 796.400 kg 796.000 kg 835.836 kg 519.598 kg
(4
Greece 146.311 kg 232.110 kg 98.401 kg 1179.526 kg 329.725 kg 201.176 kg
38 u. 6 u. 10 u. 14 u.
(1
Iceland No Report No Report 0.001 kg No Report No Report
Ireland 8.184 kg 36.963 kg 15.921 kg 23.942 kg 29.527 kg 16.606 kg
ICPO
Italy 470.335 kg 703.335 kg 1313.708 kg 980.379 kg 2004.588 kg 2584.564 kg
5360 u. 3069 u. 1678 u. 1423 u. 1697 u.
Liechtenstein 18.680 kg No Report 14.388 kg 0.005 kg 0.003 kg 0.004 kg
ICPO ICPO
Luxembourg 2.525 kg 3.592 kg 1.914 kg 11.358 kg No Report 2.956 kg
ICPO
Malta 4.535 kg 0.498 kg 1.724 kg 5.912 kg 2.599 kg 1.218 kg
(5
Monaco 0.011 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
Govt Govt Govt Govt
Netherlands 999.000 kg 784.000 kg 770.000 kg 896.000 kg 739.000 kg 1122.000 kg
Norway 55.509 kg 37.347 kg 45.810 kg 51.500 kg 67.905 kg 59.106 kg
(6
Portugal 57.389 kg 96.666 kg 76.417 kg 567.577 kg 316.039 kg 96.315 kg
5.000 lt.
Spain 479.450 kg 444.243 kg 1159.297 kg 484.854 kg 630.600 kg 274.777 kg
Sweden 11.509 kg 70.927 kg 63.009 kg 27.649 kg 32.627 kg 58.600 kg
0.011 lt. 0.509 lt.
Switzerland 209.261 kg 403.680 kg 397.527 kg 372.061 kg 227.515 kg 208.510 kg
Govt.
Turkey 3509.851 kg 4651.486 kg 3605.123 kg 6052.582 kg 4392.103 kg 2557.778 kg
NCIS (7
United Kingdom 2234.900 kg 1345.804 kg 2341.700 kg 3382.392 kg 3928.976 kg 3928.976 kg
Sub-Total 9542.689 kg 10091.500 kg 11158.230 kg 15737.220 kg 14398.420 kg 12492.580 kg
5398 u. 0.011 lt. 0.509 lt. 1692 u. 5.000 lt. 1697 u.
3075 u. 10 u. 1423 u.
Total region 10546.390 kg 12321.060 kg 12607.880 kg 20559.380 kg 18049.470 kg 15216.140 kg
5398 u. 0.011 lt. 0.509 lt. 388.000 lt. 5.000 lt. 1737 u.
3204 u. 1279 u. 3821 u. 1906 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

283
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Heroin
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

OCEANIA
Oceania
Govt. (8
Australia 365.370 kg 298.690 kg 360.145 kg 583.456 kg 82.729 kg 459.368 kg
ICPO
Fiji No Report No Report No Report 357.700 kg No Report No Report
INCB
New Zealand 0.171 kg 10.859 kg 0.544 kg 0.066 kg 5.536 kg 0.809 kg
Sub-Total 365.541 kg 309.549 kg 360.689 kg 941.222 kg 88.265 kg 460.177 kg
Total region 365.541 kg 309.549 kg 360.689 kg 941.222 kg 88.265 kg 460.177 kg
TOTAL 33347.930 kg 32628.780 kg 35874.750 kg 53394.020 kg 54456.660 kg 49255.210 kg
0.225 lt. 0.453 lt. 0.512 lt. 389.967 lt. 5.000 lt. 26404 u.
5398 u. 4214 u. 2468 u. 74846 u. 2402 u.
1) Small quantity. 2) 388 lt. Polish heroin 3) Due to unavailability of 2001 data, year 2000 data were used for analysis purposes. 4)
including morphine 5) Including depressants. 6) heroin with 44gm of cocaine 7) Due to unavailability of 2002 data, year 2001 data
were used for analysis purposes. 8) Provisional figures.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

284
 4. Seizures: Opiates

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Morphine
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AFRICA
East Africa
Ethiopia No Report 0.001 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
6 u.
Govt ICPO
United Republic of 0.283 kg No Report 0.020 kg No Report 3.338 kg 0.850 kg
Tanzania
Sub-Total 0.283 kg 0.001 kg 0.020 kg 3.338 kg 0.850 kg
6 u.
North Africa
Egypt 0.001 kg 0.012 lt. 0.007 kg No Report 4 u. No Report
Morocco 0.318 kg 0.997 kg No Report No Report 247 u. No Report
Govt
Sudan No Report No Report No Report No Report 18408 u. No Report
Sub-Total 0.319 kg 0.997 kg 0.007 kg 18659 u.
0.012 lt.
Southern Africa
ICPO
Mozambique No Report No Report 0.085 kg No Report No Report No Report
Govt Govt Govt
Zambia 0.000 kg 3.200 kg 0.028 kg 0.061 kg 0.860 kg No Report
Sub-Total 3.200 kg 0.113 kg 0.061 kg 0.860 kg
West and Central Africa
Benin No Report 3.190 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
Chad No Report No Report No Report 0.090 kg No Report No Report
Nigeria 0.130 kg No Report No Report 21.120 kg No Report No Report
Sub-Total 0.130 kg 3.190 kg 21.210 kg
Total region 0.732 kg 7.388 kg 0.140 kg 21.271 kg 4.198 kg 0.850 kg
0.012 lt. 18659 u.
6 u.
AMERICAS
Caribbean
ICPO
Aruba No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.509 kg
ICPO
Cuba No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 63 u.
CICAD
Dominican Republic No Report No Report No Report 19.000 kg No Report No Report
Sub-Total 19.000 kg 0.509 kg
63 u.
Central America
Govt.
Guatemala 0.720 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 0.720 kg
North America
Canada 1.076 kg 1.662 kg 1.000 kg 0.751 kg 0.267 kg 0.239 kg
2468 u. 0.433 lt. 1.016 lt. 1.285 lt. 3807 u. 3591 u.
1166 u. 1826 u. 1842 u.
Mexico 2.068 kg No Report 1.130 kg 4.480 kg 0.539 kg 0.002 kg

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

285
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Morphine
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AMERICAS
North America
United States 0.006 lt. No Report 3.134 kg 180.108 kg 812 u. 652 u.
560 u. 998 u. 15.723 lt.
134 u.
Sub-Total 3.144 kg 1.662 kg 5.264 kg 185.339 kg 0.806 kg 0.241 kg
0.006 lt. 0.433 lt. 1.016 lt. 17.008 lt. 4619 u. 4243 u.
3028 u. 1166 u. 2824 u. 1976 u.
South America
Argentina No Report No Report 650.000 kg No Report No Report No Report
Brazil No Report No Report 0.150 kg No Report No Report No Report
ICPO
Chile No Report 29 u. 1 u. No Report No Report 5 u.
Colombia 87.122 kg 79.111 kg 154.023 kg 91.017 kg 47.300 kg 20.000 kg
Peru No Report No Report No Report 11.979 kg 0.492 kg 6.230 kg
Sub-Total 87.122 kg 79.111 kg 804.173 kg 102.996 kg 47.792 kg 26.230 kg
29 u. 1 u. 5 u.
Total region 90.986 kg 80.773 kg 809.437 kg 307.335 kg 48.598 kg 26.980 kg
0.006 lt. 0.433 lt. 1.016 lt. 17.008 lt. 4619 u. 4311 u.
3028 u. 1195 u. 2825 u. 1976 u.
ASIA
Central Asia and Transcaucasian countries
(1 (1 (1
Armenia 3 u. No Report 0.000 kg 0.351 kg
Azerbaijan No Report No Report 0.085 kg No Report No Report No Report
ICPO ICPO ICPO
Georgia No Report No Report 0.003 kg 0.262 kg 0.107 kg No Report
Kazakhstan No Report 4.172 kg 1.493 kg No Report No Report No Report
ICPO
Uzbekistan 8 u. 0.030 kg 3.400 kg No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 11 u. 4.202 kg 4.981 kg 0.262 kg 0.458 kg
East and South-East Asia
Brunei Darussalam No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.004 kg
China 358.000 kg 146.000 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
(1
Hong Kong SAR, No Report No Report No Report 1462 u. No Report
China
Indonesia 0.320 kg No Report 3.174 kg 0.223 kg 0.001 kg No Report
202 u.
Japan 0.011 kg 0.363 kg 0.002 kg 200 u. 1.275 kg 0.001 lt.
1.107 lt. 0.002 lt. 117 u.
229 u. 146 u.
Lao People's Dem. No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 18.100 kg
Rep.
ICPO
Mongolia No Report No Report No Report 0.270 kg No Report No Report
Myanmar 45.728 kg 95.087 kg 24.001 kg 22.696 kg 6.052 kg 314.004 kg
200 u. 107 u. 177 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

286
 4. Seizures: Opiates

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Morphine
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

ASIA
East and South-East Asia
Singapore No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.076 kg No Report
24 u.
ICPO ICPO
Thailand 0.005 kg No Report 0.200 kg 0.005 kg No Report No Report
Sub-Total 404.064 kg 241.450 kg 27.377 kg 23.194 kg 7.404 kg 332.108 kg
1.107 lt. 0.002 lt. 202 u. 200 u. 1710 u. 0.001 lt.
429 u. 146 u. 177 u.
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
NAPOL Govt
Iran (Islamic 18949.754 kg 22291.102 kg 22764.000 kg 20764.000 kg 8668.000 kg 9521.000 kg
Republic of)
ICPO
Israel No Report No Report 0.028 kg 18 u. 0.041 kg 50 u.
ICPO ICPO
Kuwait No Report No Report 34.813 kg 10.611 kg No Report No Report
Oman No Report No Report 1.006 kg No Report No Report No Report
Pakistan No Report No Report No Report No Report 1824.000 kg 6839.260 kg
7850 u.
ICPO
Qatar 0.133 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
ICPO
Saudi Arabia No Report No Report 149.491 kg No Report No Report No Report
United Arab No Report 0.018 kg 0.030 kg No Report No Report 0.015 kg
Emirates
Sub-Total 18949.890 kg 22291.120 kg 22949.370 kg 20774.610 kg 10492.040 kg 16360.270 kg
18 u. 7850 u. 50 u.
South Asia
ICPO
Bangladesh No Report No Report No Report No Report 108 u. No Report
India 128.000 kg 19.000 kg 30.000 kg 39.000 kg 26.000 kg 66.000 kg
ICPO
Nepal 11.126 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 139.126 kg 19.000 kg 30.000 kg 39.000 kg 26.000 kg 66.000 kg
108 u.
Total region 19493.080 kg 22555.770 kg 23011.720 kg 20837.070 kg 10525.900 kg 16758.380 kg
1.107 lt. 0.002 lt. 202 u. 218 u. 9668 u. 0.001 lt.
440 u. 146 u. 227 u.
EUROPE
Eastern Europe
ICPO
Albania No Report No Report No Report 10 u. No Report 10 u.
INCB ICPO
Belarus 0.001 kg 0.154 kg 0.005 kg 0.078 kg 192.000 kg 0.032 kg
Bulgaria 4.000 kg No Report 16 u. No Report No Report No Report
Croatia No Report 79 u. 652 u. 27 u. No Report No Report
Czech Republic No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.049 kg 1.739 lt.
(2
Estonia 0.003 kg No Report 0.011 kg 1.066 kg 0.039 kg
5 u. 40 u.
Govt.
Hungary 0.686 kg No Report 0.200 kg No Report 10 u. 1.802 kg
ICPO
Poland No Report No Report No Report 0.588 kg No Report No Report
174 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

287
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Morphine
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

EUROPE
Eastern Europe
Republic of Moldova 31 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
ICPO
Romania 71 u. 86 u. 132 u. 0.112 kg 248 u. 414 u.
F.O F.O ICPO
Russian Federation 6.037 kg 15.000 kg 2.427 kg 2.000 kg 11.024 kg 1.896 kg
8 u.
Slovakia No Report 3 u. 0.288 kg 0.600 kg
Sub-Total 10.724 kg 15.157 kg 2.632 kg 3.077 kg 204.139 kg 4.369 kg
110 u. 173 u. 800 u. 251 u. 258 u. 1.739 lt.
424 u.
Western Europe
Austria 0.327 kg 1.522 kg 0.328 kg 0.220 kg 0.200 kg 0.280 kg
ICPO UNODC (3
Belgium 10.000 kg 0.098 kg 17.400 kg 17.400 kg
Cyprus No Report No Report No Report No Report 15 u. 0.013 kg
ICPO ICPO
Denmark 1.560 lt. 3.000 kg No Report 1.405 kg No Report 20000 u.
Finland 0.005 kg No Report 0.910 kg 0.054 kg No Report No Report
60 u. 60 u.
France 0.020 kg 0.088 kg 1.566 kg 0.222 kg 0.218 kg 5.459 kg
ICPO
Ireland 0.003 kg 0.004 kg 90 u. No Report No Report No Report
528 u.
ICPO
Italy 0.095 kg 2.270 kg 1.314 kg 0.752 kg 0.015 kg 3.332 kg
9 u. 12 u. 5 u. 452 u. 5 u.
Norway 0.011 kg 0.008 kg 0.001 kg 2005 u. 1963 u. 0.003 kg
33 u. 1219 u. 1859 u.
Portugal No Report 0.005 kg 85 u. 241 u. 0.043 kg 35 u.
97 u.
Spain 8 u. 3 u. 13 u. 33 u. 16 u. 15 u.
Sweden 0.003 kg 0.154 lt. 0.011 kg 0.074 kg 0.070 kg 0.300 kg
104 u. 0.202 lt. 320 u. 621 u.
120 u.
Switzerland No Report 0.054 kg 0.537 kg 0.135 kg 0.492 kg 0.146 kg
Govt.
Turkey 662.816 kg * 754.494 kg 1010.328 kg 2484.934 kg 797.493 kg 7889.741 kg
NCIS (4
United Kingdom 0.400 kg 41.251 kg 1.300 kg 3.278 kg 4.015 kg 4.015 kg
Sub-Total 673.680 kg 802.794 kg 1016.295 kg 2508.474 kg 819.946 kg 7903.289 kg
1.560 lt. 0.154 lt. 0.202 lt. 2664 u. 2543 u. 22535 u.
649 u. 48 u. 1587 u.
Total region 684.404 kg 817.951 kg 1018.927 kg 2511.552 kg 1024.085 kg 7907.658 kg
1.560 lt. 0.154 lt. 0.202 lt. 2915 u. 2801 u. 1.739 lt.
759 u. 221 u. 2387 u. 22959 u.
OCEANIA
Oceania
Australia 2.049 kg No Report No Report 3.205 kg 0.036 kg 4.097 kg
104 u. 73 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

* Reported figures at the time of the preparation of the report; revised figures by the Gov. of Turkey show seizures of morphine of 562.8 kg in
1997.

288
 4. Seizures: Opiates

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Morphine
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

OCEANIA
Oceania
INCB
New Zealand 1.422 kg 1.166 kg 0.312 kg 0.713 lt. 0.954 kg 0.887 kg
396 u. 1285 u. 370 u.
Sub-Total 3.471 kg 1.166 kg 0.312 kg 3.205 kg 0.990 kg 4.984 kg
0.713 lt. 1358 u. 370 u.
500 u.
Total region 3.471 kg 1.166 kg 0.312 kg 3.205 kg 0.990 kg 4.984 kg
0.713 lt. 1358 u. 370 u.
500 u.
TOTAL 20272.670 kg 23463.050 kg 24840.540 kg 23680.430 kg 11603.770 kg 24698.860 kg
2.673 lt. 0.601 lt. 1.218 lt. 17.721 lt. 37105 u. 1.740 lt.
4227 u. 1568 u. 5414 u. 5609 u. 27867 u.
1) Small quantity. 2) Including depressants. 3) Due to unavailability of 2001 data, year 2000 data were used for analysis purposes.
4) Due to unavailability of 2002 data, year 2001 data were used for analysis purposes.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

289
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Other opiates
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AFRICA
East Africa
Ethiopia No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.826 kg
ICPO ICPO
Mauritius 26 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report 204 u.
Sub-Total 26 u. 0.826 kg
204 u.
North Africa
(1 (1 ICPO
Egypt 0.060 lt. No Report 0.030 lt. 1.140 lt. No Report No Report
Sub-Total 0.060 lt. 0.030 lt. 1.140 lt.
West and Central Africa
ICPO
Benin No Report No Report No Report 1.650 kg No Report No Report
ICPO
Nigeria No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.756 kg
68421 u.
Sub-Total 1.650 kg 0.756 kg
68421 u.
Total region 0.060 lt. 0.030 lt. 1.650 kg 1.582 kg
26 u. 1.140 lt. 68625 u.
AMERICAS
Caribbean
ICPO
Cayman Islands No Report No Report 0.003 kg 2 u. No Report No Report
ICPO
Dominican Republic No Report No Report 8.000 kg No Report No Report No Report
ICPO
Puerto Rico No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.036 lt.
4 u.
Sub-Total 8.003 kg 2 u. 0.036 lt.
4 u.
North America
Canada 0.912 kg 1.446 kg 0.594 kg 0.682 kg 1.124 kg 0.918 kg
0.301 lt. 0.093 lt. 8805 u. 1.050 lt. 22045 u. 28238 u.
4826 u. 8880 u. 4784 u.
Mexico No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 8053.635 kg
ICPO (1
United States No Report No Report 9338 u. No Report 10778580 u. 78081 u.
Sub-Total 0.912 kg 1.446 kg 0.594 kg 0.682 kg 1.124 kg 8054.553 kg
0.301 lt. 0.093 lt. 18143 u. 1.050 lt. 10800630 u. 106319 u.
4826 u. 8880 u. 4784 u.
South America
Argentina No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.200 kg No Report
Chile No Report 25 u. No Report No Report No Report 13 u.
(1 (1
Colombia No Report No Report 3.500 kg No Report 1.000 kg No Report
ICPO
Peru No Report No Report 38.693 kg No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 25 u. 42.193 kg 1.200 kg 13 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

290
 4. Seizures: Opiates

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Other opiates
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AMERICAS
Total region 0.912 kg 1.446 kg 50.790 kg 0.682 kg 2.324 kg 8054.553 kg
0.301 lt. 0.093 lt. 18143 u. 1.050 lt. 10800630 u. 0.036 lt.
4826 u. 8905 u. 4786 u. 106336 u.
ASIA
Central Asia and Transcaucasian countries
ICPO
Armenia No Report No Report 0.017 kg 1.679 kg No Report No Report
ICPO
Azerbaijan No Report No Report No Report 72.590 kg No Report No Report
ICPO (2 ICPO
Georgia No Report No Report 25.003 kg 12.871 kg No Report No Report
Kazakhstan No Report 3.219 kg 7.944 kg No Report No Report No Report
ICPO
Uzbekistan 0.019 kg No Report No Report 288.000 kg No Report No Report
Sub-Total 0.019 kg 3.219 kg 32.964 kg 375.140 kg
East and South-East Asia
(1
Brunei Darussalam 85.173 kg 0.057 kg 12.970 lt. 23.000 lt. 1413 u. 0.003 lt.
554 u. 474 u. 2377 u. 2565 u.
(2 ICPO
Hong Kong SAR, No Report No Report 187 u. 7.600 lt. 5.200 lt. 4930 u.
China
1873 u. 3306 u.
ICPO (1
Indonesia No Report 7179 u. 564 u. No Report No Report No Report
ICPO
Japan 0.141 kg 0.006 kg 0.005 kg No Report No Report 579 u.
1809 u. 0.030 lt.
5557 u.
ICPO ICPO ICPO ICPO
Macau SAR, China 64 u. 8.000 lt. No Report 2.000 lt. No Report 52 u.
45 u. 1 u.
(1
Malaysia No Report No Report 18453 u. 17982.480 lt. No Report No Report
(3 (3
Myanmar 194.377 kg No Report 555.000 kg 222.089 lt. No Report 338.454 lt.
121.000 lt.
(2 (4
Singapore 136 u. 301 u. 0.438 kg 1127 u. 6382.000 kg No Report
ICPO (1 ICPO ICPO
Thailand No Report No Report 381.600 lt. 569.505 kg No Report 1057.000 kg
Sub-Total 279.691 kg 0.063 kg 555.443 kg 569.505 kg 6382.000 kg 1057.000 kg
2563 u. 8.030 lt. 515.570 lt. 18237.170 lt. 5.200 lt. 338.457 lt.
13556 u. 21581 u. 3001 u. 4719 u. 8126 u.
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
Bahrain No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 58 u.
ICPO
Iran (Islamic 255.065 kg No Report 1088.000 kg 1459.000 kg No Report No Report
Republic of)
(1
Iraq No Report No Report No Report No Report 1.000 kg No Report
ICPO (1 ICPO ICPO
Israel No Report No Report 2.121 lt. 3.843 kg No Report 2.600 kg
7 u. 15 u.
Jordan 894.738 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
ICPO
Lebanon No Report No Report No Report 0.300 kg No Report No Report
ICPO
Pakistan No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 21757.000 kg

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

291
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Other opiates
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

ASIA
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
(1
United Arab No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.030 kg
Emirates
Sub-Total 1149.803 kg 1088.000 kg 1463.143 kg 1.000 kg 21759.630 kg
2.121 lt. 15 u. 58 u.
7 u.
South Asia
Bangladesh No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 290.475 kg
108356 u.
ICPO ICPO
Nepal 4971 u. 3676 u. No Report No Report No Report 35.000 lt.
Sub-Total 4971 u. 3676 u. 290.475 kg
35.000 lt.
108356 u.
Total region 1429.513 kg 3.282 kg 1676.407 kg 2407.788 kg 6383.000 kg 23107.100 kg
7534 u. 8.030 lt. 517.691 lt. 18237.170 lt. 5.200 lt. 373.457 lt.
17232 u. 21588 u. 3016 u. 4719 u. 116540 u.
EUROPE
Eastern Europe
ICPO (5
Albania No Report No Report No Report 0.480 lt. No Report 21 u.
7 u.
ICPO
Belarus No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.361 kg
ICPO
Bosnia Herzegovina No Report 1 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report
ICPO
Bulgaria No Report No Report No Report 3650 u. No Report No Report
ICPO
Croatia No Report No Report No Report 29 u. No Report 4047 u.
Estonia 23.332 lt. No Report 2 u. 0.003 kg No Report 0.076 kg
20 u.
ICPO
FYR of Macedonia No Report No Report 3.988 kg No Report No Report No Report
2.250 lt.
135 u.
ICPO (2
Hungary No Report 438 u. 120 u. No Report 262 u. 222 u.
Latvia 0.134 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
(2 ICPO
Lithuania No Report 13 u. 0.210 kg 0.888 lt. No Report 0.001 kg
92 u.
(6 ICPO (6
Poland 1004.000 lt. 395.000 lt. 389.000 lt. 3.500 lt. No Report 193.000 kg
174 u.
ICPO ICPO Govt (7
Republic of Moldova 1000 u. 2100 u. 682 u. 0.858 kg No Report 171.720 kg
(2 (2 ICPO
Romania No Report 19494 u. 26 u. 0.840 lt. No Report 0.046 kg
387 u.
F.O F.O ICPO
Russian Federation 4.925 kg 167.700 kg 54.575 kg 18.000 kg 21469.675 kg 93.446 kg
11 u.
ICPO
Slovakia No Report 922 u. 278 u. 38 u. No Report 21 u.
ICPO
Slovenia No Report No Report 0.552 lt. 1.545 lt. No Report No Report
245 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

292
 4. Seizures: Opiates

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Other opiates
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

EUROPE
Eastern Europe
ICPO (1
Ukraine No Report No Report 11600 u. No Report No Report 20.000 kg
Sub-Total 5.059 kg 167.700 kg 58.773 kg 18.861 kg 21469.680 kg 478.650 kg
1027.332 lt. 395.000 lt. 391.802 lt. 7.253 lt. 262 u. 4311 u.
1011 u. 22968 u. 12935 u. 4550 u.
Western Europe
Austria 0.083 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
ICPO ICPO UNODC (8
Belgium No Report 0.109 kg 9.100 kg 15.070 kg 15.070 kg No Report
0.200 lt.
307500 u.
ICPO ICPO
Cyprus No Report No Report 55 u. No Report No Report 0.200 kg
70 u.
Denmark No Report 6.000 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
ICPO
Finland No Report No Report 46 u. 13808 u. 31967 u. 18700 u.
ICPO (2 ICPO
France No Report No Report 521 u. 4134 u. No Report No Report
Greece 2.308 kg 1.529 kg 0.132 kg 0.472 kg 0.070 kg 1576 u.
15322 u. 6774 u. 7795 u. 5162 u. 1466 u.
ICPO (2 ICPO
Ireland No Report No Report 0.320 kg No Report No Report 6.895 lt.
579 u. 252 u.
ICPO (2 (9 ICPO
Italy 0.002 kg 0.554 kg 2.426 kg 2.967 kg No Report 5.447 kg
7 u. 7538 u. 7220 u. 22442 u.
ICPO (2 ICPO
Luxembourg No Report No Report 0.180 lt. 0.098 lt. No Report No Report
ICPO
Malta No Report 77 u. No Report 98 u. No Report 0.230 lt.
ICPO
Monaco No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.003 lt.
Govt (2 Govt (2 Govt (2 Govt (2
Netherlands 2.000 kg 4093 u. 50.000 kg 16.000 kg No Report No Report
16748 u. 186437 u. 5543 u.
Norway No Report No Report 0.017 kg 0.001 kg 0.255 kg 0.756 kg
9657 u. 8007 u. 18879 u. 68421 u.
(10
Portugal 21 u. 35 u. 21 u. 15 u. 20.910 kg 0.009 kg
22 u. 2 u.
ICPO ICPO
Spain 1159 u. No Report 966 u. No Report 7708 u. 742 u.
Sweden No Report 0.003 kg 0.053 kg 0.052 kg No Report 4629 u.
1.312 lt. 783 u. 631 u.
(2 ICPO
Switzerland 0.010 kg No Report 5006 u. 5472 u. No Report 4079 u.
ICPO (2 Govt. (2
Turkey No Report No Report 34090 u. 0.234 kg No Report No Report
NCIS (2 (11
United Kingdom 1.000 kg 0.064 kg 60.600 kg 0.548 kg 1146.641 kg 1146.641 kg
1.000 lt.
1 u.
Sub-Total 5.403 kg 8.259 kg 122.648 kg 35.344 kg 1182.946 kg 1153.053 kg
1.000 lt. 1.312 lt. 0.380 lt. 0.098 lt. 60042 u. 7.128 lt.
33258 u. 18517 u. 553456 u. 50090 u. 120913 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

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SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Other opiates
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

EUROPE
Total region 10.462 kg 175.959 kg 181.421 kg 54.205 kg 22652.620 kg 1631.703 kg
1028.332 lt. 396.312 lt. 392.182 lt. 7.351 lt. 60304 u. 7.128 lt.
34269 u. 41485 u. 566391 u. 54640 u. 125224 u.
OCEANIA
Oceania
(12 Govt. (13 Govt. (13 Govt. (14
Australia 22.243 kg 6.792 kg 0.384 kg 6.786 kg No Report
New Zealand No Report No Report 0.100 kg No Report No Report 0.461 kg
1301 u.
Sub-Total 22.243 kg 6.892 kg 0.384 kg 6.786 kg 0.461 kg
1301 u.
Total region 22.243 kg 6.892 kg 0.384 kg 6.786 kg 0.461 kg
1301 u.
TOTAL 1440.887 kg 202.930 kg 1915.510 kg 2464.709 kg 29044.730 kg 32795.400 kg
1028.693 lt. 404.435 lt. 909.903 lt. 18246.710 lt. 5.200 lt. 380.621 lt.
46655 u. 67622 u. 606122 u. 62442 u. 10865650 u. 418026 u.
1) Codeine 2) Methadone 3) Phensedyl 4) Methadone and dihydrocodeine 5) pethidine 6) Polish heroin (also called "compot") 7)
Poppy solution 8) Due to unavailability of 2001 data, year 2000 data were used for analysis purposes. 9) 2.933 kg,7208 u.
methadone 10) 15 u. liquid heroin, 92 u. methadone 11) Due to unavailability of 2002 data, year 2001 data were used for analysis
purposes. 12) Small quantity. 13) Provisional figures. 14) Fiscal year

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

294
 4. Seizures: Cocaine

4.2. Cocaine: Seizures 1997-2002

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002
Cocaine (base and salts)
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AFRICA
East Africa
Govt Govt
Kenya 0.410 kg 1.240 kg 0.110 kg 4.017 kg 0.207 kg 18.584 kg
Rwanda No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 4.000 kg
Uganda No Report No Report 0.412 kg 1.910 kg No Report No Report
ICPO Govt ICPO
United Republic of 0.200 kg No Report 1.161 kg 2.103 kg 7.389 kg 2.461 kg
Tanzania
Sub-Total 0.610 kg 1.240 kg 1.683 kg 8.030 kg 7.596 kg 25.045 kg
North Africa
ICPO
Algeria No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.288 kg 0.268 kg
Egypt 0.914 kg 1.860 kg 0.792 kg 14.288 kg No Report 4.001 kg
F.O F.O F.O
Libyan Arab Jam. No Report 0.136 kg 0.070 kg 0.531 kg 0.173 kg No Report
Morocco 6055.550 kg 30.111 kg 1.742 kg 0.898 kg 4.298 kg 15.801 kg
103 u. 15 u.
Govt Govt
Sudan 0.130 kg No Report No Report 0.001 kg 0.587 kg No Report
2 u.
ICPO ICPO
Tunisia 0.047 kg 0.127 kg 0.017 kg No Report No Report 1.055 kg
Sub-Total 6056.641 kg 32.234 kg 2.621 kg 15.718 kg 5.346 kg 21.125 kg
2 u. 103 u. 15 u.
Southern Africa
ICPO ICPO ICPO ICPO
Angola 536.000 kg 38.007 kg 15.901 kg 173.724 kg 20.745 kg No Report
ICPO ICPO ICPO
Botswana 0.982 kg 0.700 kg 1.696 kg No Report No Report No Report
ICPO ICPO
Lesotho 2.346 kg No Report 0.632 kg No Report No Report No Report
Malawi No Report 1.500 kg 1.200 kg No Report 0.250 kg No Report
ICPO ICPO ICPO ICPO
Mozambique No Report 2.134 kg 0.385 kg 0.100 kg 0.012 kg No Report
INCB
Namibia 23.932 kg 2.110 kg No Report 0.093 kg 3.036 kg 0.189 kg
100 u. 89 u.
ICPO
South Africa 151.519 kg 635.908 kg 345.549 kg 91.202 kg 155.305 kg 436.499 kg
3825 u. 12940 u. 3470 u.
ICPO
Swaziland 9.650 kg No Report 3.609 kg 6.832 kg 1.006 kg 1.058 kg
Govt Govt Govt (1
Zambia 6.498 kg 0.000 kg 1.116 kg 0.005 kg 17.300 kg
27 u.
Zimbabwe No Report 0.501 kg 0.166 kg 0.593 kg No Report No Report
Sub-Total 730.927 kg 680.860 kg 370.254 kg 272.549 kg 180.354 kg 455.046 kg
3825 u. 12940 u. 27 u. 3570 u. 89 u.
West and Central Africa
Govt F.O ICPO ICPO
Benin 0.015 kg 0.628 kg No Report 21.494 kg 31.741 kg 0.050 kg
Govt.
Burkina Faso 278.000 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Cameroon No Report 3.780 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
ICPO
Chad No Report No Report 0.015 kg 0.028 kg No Report No Report
Congo No Report No Report No Report 40.010 kg 0.020 kg 0.611 kg
ICPO
Côte d'Ivoire 22.028 kg 19.015 kg 9.287 kg 3.442 kg 1.048 kg 3.150 kg
16 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

295
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cocaine (base and salts)
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AFRICA
West and Central Africa
ICPO
Gabon No Report No Report 0.216 kg No Report No Report No Report
ICPO ICPO
Gambia 0.057 kg 0.074 kg 0.060 kg No Report 7.000 kg No Report
F.O.
Ghana 6.350 kg 5.035 kg 7.062 kg No Report No Report 10.400 kg
ICPO ICPO
Niger 28.866 kg 0.233 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
CICAD Govt.
Nigeria 31.900 kg 9.260 kg 15.064 kg 53.950 kg 195.823 kg 35.347 kg
Sao Tome and 0.100 kg No Report 0.100 kg No Report No Report No Report
Principe
ICPO ICPO ICPO ICPO
Senegal No Report 5.321 kg 31.564 kg 0.207 kg No Report 0.837 kg
110 u.
Govt.
Togo 13.873 kg No Report No Report 6.213 kg 29.927 kg 3.051 kg
Sub-Total 381.189 kg 43.346 kg 63.368 kg 125.344 kg 265.559 kg 53.446 kg
126 u.
Total region 7169.367 kg 757.680 kg 437.926 kg 421.641 kg 458.855 kg 554.662 kg
3825 u. 13066 u. 29 u. 3673 u. 104 u.
AMERICAS
Caribbean
F.O F.O
Anguilla 0.003 kg 0.108 kg 0.020 kg No Report 926.000 kg No Report
8 u.
F.O F.O F.O F.O F.O
Antigua and 126.000 kg 1.000 kg 26.000 kg 24.000 kg 767.000 kg No Report
Barbuda
INCB NAPOL F.O F.O F.O ICPO
Aruba 408.307 kg 794.000 kg 465.000 kg 346.000 kg 266.000 kg 490.681 kg
ICPO F.O
Bahamas 2579.040 kg 3343.054 kg 1857.000 kg 2759.510 kg 1469.000 kg 2477.273 kg
3238 u.
INCB NAPOL HONLC F.O F.O
Barbados 88.050 kg 35.000 kg 132.760 kg 81.000 kg 83.000 kg No Report
F.O
Bermuda 4.516 kg 4.330 kg 8.076 kg 11.574 kg 667.000 kg 8.860 kg
NAPOL NAPOL F.O F.O
British Virgin Islands 838.000 kg 20.000 kg 432.000 kg 534.000 kg 2159.040 kg No Report
34 u.
F.O
Cayman Islands 1054.000 kg 1195.142 kg 1926.129 kg 1813.000 kg 1006.817 kg 404.825 kg
319 u. 1824 u. 40874 u. 28199 u.
F.O NAPOL F.O F.O F.O ICPO
Cuba 1444.000 kg 669.000 kg 2444.000 kg 3145.000 kg 1278.000 kg 406.001 kg
F.O F.O ICPO F.O F.O ICPO
Dominica 101.000 kg 29.000 kg 82.769 kg 10.000 kg 6.000 kg 4.526 kg
CICAD HONLC
Dominican Republic 1234.206 kg 2341.916 kg 1075.953 kg 1310.000 kg 1913.944 kg 2295.200 kg
F.O F.O F.O F.O
French Guiana 213.000 kg 3.000 kg 446.000 kg 25.000 kg No Report No Report
INCB F.O F.O ICPO
Grenada 6.995 kg 26.500 kg 43.000 kg 103.000 kg 53.389 kg 77.320 kg
F.O F.O F.O F.O F.O
Guadeloupe 66.000 kg 3222.000 kg 593.000 kg 292.000 kg 593.000 kg No Report
NAPOL NAPOL F.O
Haiti 2100.000 kg 1272.000 kg 436.000 kg 594.000 kg 414.000 kg 272.760 kg
ICPO F.O ICPO F.O ICPO
Jamaica 414.680 kg 1143.000 kg 2455.000 kg 1656.000 kg 2950.910 kg 3725.000 kg
6296 u. 3543 u. 3099 u. 2750 u.
F.O F.O F.O F.O
Martinique 37.000 kg 46.000 kg 36.000 kg 15.000 kg No Report No Report
Montserrat 0.130 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
1 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

296
 4. Seizures: Cocaine

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cocaine (base and salts)
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AMERICAS
Caribbean
F.O NAPOL F.O ICPO F.O ICPO
Netherlands Antilles 1302.000 kg 639.000 kg 18.000 kg 965.353 kg 1043.000 kg 2455.168 kg
F.O F.O F.O F.O F.O ICPO
Puerto Rico 15153.000 kg 10344.000 kg 9977.000 kg 5516.000 kg 2831.000 kg 208.280 kg
76637 u.
F.O F.O F.O INCSR F.O
Saint Kitts and 150.000 kg 1.000 kg 10.000 kg 53.000 kg 20.000 kg No Report
Nevis
CICAD F.O
Saint Lucia 7.782 kg 78.137 kg 133.000 kg 110.473 kg 63.000 kg No Report
F.O F.O F.O INCSR F.O
Saint Vincent and 1.000 kg 13.000 kg 15.000 kg 51.000 kg 207.000 kg No Report
the Grenadines
CICAD CICAD INCSR
Trinidad Tobago 71.000 kg 77.680 kg 137.000 kg 203.000 kg 821.880 kg 172.769 kg
ICPO F.O
Turks and Caicos 1.500 kg 2075.000 kg 3.000 kg 0.136 kg 4.000 kg 1.689 kg
Islands
ICPO
US Virgin Islands No Report No Report 432.028 kg No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 27401.210 kg 27372.870 kg 23183.730 kg 19618.050 kg 19542.980 kg 13000.350 kg
6624 u. 1824 u. 3543 u. 47245 u. 107586 u.
Central America
CICAD NAPOL ICPO F.O ICPO
Belize 2691.000 kg 1221.000 kg 39.515 kg 13.000 kg 3854.857 kg 7.549 kg
ICPO
Costa Rica* 7857.000 kg 7387.140 kg 1998.720 kg 5780.730 kg 1747.960 kg 2994.540 kg
52170 u. 102844 u. 56514 u. 64998 u. 45283 u. 100 u.
ICPO ICPO ICPO
El Salvador 234.431 kg 45.256 kg 38.649 kg 434.700 kg 31.544 kg 2075.154 kg
Govt.
Guatemala 5098.466 kg 9217.070 kg 9964.788 kg 1537.360 kg 4107.913 kg 2934.265 kg
17 u.
CICAD CICAD CICAD
Honduras 2187.673 kg 1804.000 kg 709.000 kg 1215.000 kg No Report 79.023 kg
209 u. 603 u. 662 u. 1031 u. 708 u.
CICAD CICAD ICPO
Nicaragua 2790.200 kg 4750.265 kg 833.000 kg 963.000 kg 2717.971 kg 2208.437 kg
7109 u. 21235 u. 12739 u.
HONLC
Panama 11324.740 kg 11828.085 kg 3139.889 kg 7413.455 kg 2660.000 kg 2587.700 kg
Sub-Total 32183.510 kg 36252.820 kg 16723.560 kg 17357.240 kg 15120.250 kg 12886.670 kg
59505 u. 124682 u. 57176 u. 66029 u. 45283 u. 13547 u.
North America
Canada 2090.000 kg 562.983 kg 1650.518 kg 280.866 kg 1678.488 kg 181.391 kg
312 u. 0.007 lt. 0.407 lt. 5.156 lt. 167 u. 75 u.
19 u. 26 u.
(2
Mexico 34952.714 kg 22597.072 kg 34622.602 kg 23195.942 kg 29988.684 kg 12639.347 kg
Govt. Govt. (2
United States 102000.000 117000.000 132318.000 99700.000 kg 106212.500 101904.500
kg kg kg kg kg
1514.386 lt.
5326 u.
Sub-Total 139042.700 kg 140160.100 kg 168591.100 kg 123176.800 kg 137879.700 kg 114725.200 kg
312 u. 0.007 lt. 0.407 lt. 1519.542 lt. 167 u. 75 u.
19 u. 5352 u.
South America
Argentina 5192.570 kg 1766.900 kg 1660.776 kg 2351.359 kg 2286.858 kg 1638.281 kg
F.O F.O F.O F.O F.O
Bolivia 12325.000 kg 11346.000 kg 7712.000 kg 5599.000 kg 4615.000 kg 5103.030 kg

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

* Reported figures at the time of the preparation of the report; revised figures by the Gov. of Costa Rica show seizures of cocaine
for the year 2000 of 5,871 kg; for 2001 1,748.6 kg; for 2002 2,955 kg and for 2003 4,291.2 kg.

297
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cocaine (base and salts)
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AMERICAS
South America
Govt F.O
Brazil 4309.378 kg 6560.414 kg 7646.103 kg 5555.925 kg 9137.265 kg 9415.200 kg
CICAD
Chile 2660.720 kg 2952.471 kg 2930.000 kg 2076.100 kg 2428.090 kg 2262.311 kg
(3
Colombia 42044.000 kg 107480.000 63945.000 kg 110428.000 73863.500 kg 118867.000
kg kg kg
36411.949 lt.
ICPO HONLC
Ecuador 3697.160 kg 3854.229 kg 10161.831 kg 3308.420 kg 12242.329 kg 5137.800 kg
F.O NAPOL ICPO CICAD ICPO
Guyana 167.000 kg 3222.000 kg 40.163 kg 167.000 kg 73.000 kg No Report
CICAD
Paraguay 77.083 kg 222.352 kg 95.058 kg 96.000 kg No Report 230.152 kg
Peru 8795.617 kg 9936.968 kg 11307.116 kg 11847.611 kg 9189.362 kg 14568.175 kg
CICAD INCSR
Suriname 116.099 kg 283.444 kg 185.000 kg 207.000 kg 2253.000 kg 340.000 kg
Govt. ICPO
Uruguay 27.968 kg 23.604 kg 18.698 kg 20.642 kg 24.758 kg 43.013 kg
CICAD CICAD
Venezuela 16741.000 kg 8159.000 kg 12418.839 kg 15063.194 kg 13950.940 kg 17828.940 kg
Sub-Total 96153.600 kg 155807.400 kg 118120.600 kg 156720.300 kg 130064.100 kg 175433.900 kg
36411.950 lt.
Total region 294781.000 kg 359593.100 kg 326619.000 kg 316872.300 kg 302607.000 kg 316046.200 kg
66441 u. 0.007 lt. 36412.360 lt. 1519.542 lt. 92695 u. 121208 u.
126506 u. 60738 u. 71381 u.
ASIA
Central Asia and Transcaucasian countries
Azerbaijan No Report No Report 0.005 kg No Report No Report No Report
ICPO
Georgia No Report No Report 0.002 kg No Report No Report No Report
F.O F.O
Kazakhstan No Report 20.000 kg 0.035 kg No Report 0.054 kg 0.119 kg
Govt.
Turkmenistan No Report 1.000 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 21.000 kg 0.042 kg 0.054 kg 0.119 kg
East and South-East Asia
Govt.
Hong Kong SAR, 31.300 kg 167.700 kg 11.990 kg 9.004 kg 29.700 kg 8.300 kg
China
Indonesia 3.301 kg 4.748 kg 0.500 kg 17.415 kg 30.793 kg 2.314 kg
Japan 25.455 kg 20.846 kg 10.349 kg 15.580 kg 23.716 kg 16.900 kg
ICPO
Korea (Republic of) 11.218 kg 2.080 kg 2.251 kg No Report 0.111 kg 1.170 kg
Macau SAR, China No Report No Report No Report 0.008 kg No Report 0.027 kg
ICPO
Malaysia No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.017 kg No Report
ICPO
Mongolia No Report No Report 2.800 kg No Report 0.400 kg No Report
ICPO ICPO
Philippines 1.000 kg 1.080 kg 0.227 kg 0.588 kg No Report 8.026 kg
Singapore No Report 1.050 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
ICPO HNLP HNLP ICPO
Thailand 2.426 kg 3.555 kg 0.619 kg 4.003 kg 4.625 kg 14.730 kg
Sub-Total 74.700 kg 201.059 kg 28.736 kg 46.598 kg 89.362 kg 51.467 kg
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
ICPO
Bahrain No Report No Report No Report 0.010 kg No Report 0.002 kg

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

298
 4. Seizures: Cocaine

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cocaine (base and salts)
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

ASIA
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
Iran (Islamic 1.700 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Republic of)
ICPO
Israel 43.700 kg 99.800 kg 28.229 kg 11.659 kg 23.617 kg 96.012 kg
Jordan No Report 0.940 kg 1.912 kg 0.803 kg 0.505 kg 0.188 kg
ICPO ICPO ICPO
Kuwait 0.010 kg 0.003 kg No Report 36.000 kg No Report 0.002 kg
Lebanon 4.804 kg 11.898 kg 32.013 kg 0.466 kg 7.207 kg 7.839 kg
Pakistan No Report 0.100 kg 1.100 kg No Report No Report No Report
ICPO ICPO ICPO
Saudi Arabia 0.347 kg 2.202 kg 4.908 kg 0.708 kg 0.046 kg 1.528 kg
3 u.
Govt Govt Govt Govt Govt
Syrian Arab 0.240 kg 0.235 kg 32.102 kg 7.177 kg 1031.880 kg 57.237 kg
Republic
United Arab No Report 0.146 kg 0.840 kg 0.537 kg 0.007 kg 0.013 kg
Emirates
Sub-Total 50.801 kg 115.324 kg 101.104 kg 57.360 kg 1063.262 kg 162.821 kg
3 u.
South Asia
Bangladesh No Report No Report No Report 0.550 kg No Report No Report
ICPO F.O
India 24.000 kg 1.000 kg 1.000 kg 0.350 kg 2.000 kg 2.000 kg
ICPO
Maldives No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 15.801 kg
15 u.
ICPO
Nepal 24.000 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sri Lanka No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.640 kg No Report
Sub-Total 48.000 kg 1.000 kg 1.000 kg 0.900 kg 2.640 kg 17.801 kg
15 u.
Total region 173.501 kg 338.383 kg 130.882 kg 104.858 kg 1155.318 kg 232.209 kg
3 u. 15 u.
EUROPE
Eastern Europe
ICPO Govt Govt
Albania No Report No Report 2.159 kg 4.000 kg 0.266 kg 0.006 kg
INCB ICPO
Belarus 2.074 kg No Report No Report No Report 142.000 kg 0.003 kg
ICPO NAPOL ICPO
Bosnia Herzegovina No Report 0.014 kg No Report 164.392 kg No Report 0.240 kg
Bulgaria 2.011 kg 685.585 kg 17.010 kg 4.333 kg 12.752 kg 36.282 kg
Croatia 563.009 kg 6.426 kg 1.807 kg 913.127 kg 1.487 kg 3.365 kg
Czech Republic 66.828 kg 42.000 kg 140.800 kg 14.712 kg 5.170 kg 6.042 kg
9 u.
Estonia 0.006 kg 2.565 kg 0.128 kg 0.108 kg 0.137 kg 2.286 kg
71 u. 139 u. 37 u.
NAPOL NAPOL NAPOL Govt
FYR of Macedonia 0.011 kg 0.040 kg 2.955 kg 4.689 kg 5.860 kg 0.342 kg
Govt.
Hungary 6.995 kg 26.385 kg 121.147 kg 9.200 kg 6.015 kg 58.928 kg
Latvia 0.024 kg 0.063 kg 1.915 kg 0.027 kg 1.024 kg No Report
0.895 lt.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

299
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cocaine (base and salts)
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

EUROPE
Eastern Europe
Lithuania 2.049 kg 10.133 kg 0.275 kg 1.841 kg 0.129 kg 0.732 kg
Poland 15.501 kg 21.157 kg 20.082 kg 5.664 kg No Report 422.179 kg
Republic of Moldova No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.001 kg No Report
ICPO
Romania 69.556 kg 1.203 kg 9.670 kg 13.140 kg 2.524 kg 2.720 kg
F.O ICPO
Russian Federation 70.825 kg 100.340 kg 12.749 kg 65.000 kg 82.502 kg 58.155 kg
ICPO
Serbia and No Report No Report No Report No Report 3.623 kg 1.926 kg
Montenegro
ICPO
Slovakia 9.580 kg 1.642 kg 2.508 kg 0.166 kg No Report 0.069 kg
Slovenia 3.573 kg 3.522 kg 1.580 kg 0.098 kg 1.080 kg 55.380 kg
ICPO ICPO
Ukraine 625.010 kg 250.586 kg 26.263 kg 0.520 kg 0.018 kg 0.012 kg
Sub-Total 1437.052 kg 1151.661 kg 361.048 kg 1201.017 kg 264.589 kg 648.666 kg
0.895 lt. 71 u. 139 u. 37 u. 9 u.
Western Europe
ICPO ICPO ICPO ICPO
Andorra 0.108 kg 0.064 kg 0.060 kg 0.023 kg 0.086 kg 0.270 kg
Austria 86.902 kg 99.140 kg 63.377 kg 20.375 kg 108.278 kg 36.896 kg
UNODC (4
Belgium 3329.000 kg 2088.312 kg 1761.709 kg 2813.991 kg 2813.991 kg 3589.000 kg
Cyprus 0.020 kg 0.018 kg 5.361 kg 57.599 kg 0.123 kg 1.944 kg
Denmark 58.000 kg 44.133 kg 24.200 kg 35.910 kg 25.624 kg 14.152 kg
Finland 0.121 kg 1.987 kg 1.703 kg 38.575 kg 6.500 kg 0.442 kg
France 860.599 kg 1076.000 kg 3697.372 kg 1333.119 kg 2102.257 kg 3660.183 kg
Germany 1721.189 kg 1133.243 kg 1979.100 kg 915.600 kg 1290.087 kg 2142.894 kg
Greece 16.734 kg 283.971 kg 45.485 kg 156.245 kg 227.287 kg 18.035 kg
8 u. 2 u.
Iceland No Report No Report 0.955 kg 0.942 kg 0.257 kg 1.870 kg
Ireland 11.044 kg 334.230 kg 85.553 kg 18.041 kg 5.325 kg 30.467 kg
ICPO
Italy 1639.542 kg 2143.804 kg 2997.611 kg 2359.715 kg 1808.910 kg 4039.991 kg
887 u. 1341 u. 14 u. 2329 u. 612 u. 646 u.
Liechtenstein 1.065 kg 0.151 kg 0.003 kg 0.010 kg 0.750 kg 0.014 kg
ICPO ICPO
Luxembourg 8.983 kg 5.995 kg 0.327 kg 10.757 kg No Report 2.486 kg
ICPO
Malta 0.301 kg 0.058 kg 1.366 kg 0.028 kg 2.542 kg 4.535 kg
ICPO ICPO
Monaco 0.001 kg 0.012 kg 0.056 kg 0.001 kg No Report 0.010 kg
Govt Govt Govt Govt
Netherlands 11495.000 kg 8998.000 kg 10361.000 kg 6472.000 kg 8382.000 kg 7968.000 kg
Norway 4.633 kg 93.020 kg 60.477 kg 12.215 kg 20.753 kg 35.828 kg
Portugal 3162.641 kg 624.949 kg 822.560 kg 3075.374 kg 5574.658 kg 3140.103 kg
Spain 18418.760 kg 11687.623 kg 18110.883 kg 6164.770 kg 33681.091 kg 17617.749 kg
Sweden 33.920 kg 18.505 kg 413.945 kg 52.257 kg 47.388 kg 41.000 kg
1.944 lt.
430 u.
Switzerland 349.435 kg 251.616 kg 288.013 kg 207.476 kg 168.637 kg 185.940 kg
Govt.
Turkey 9.637 kg 604.880 kg 13.153 kg 8.444 kg 1.010 kg 7.734 kg

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

300
 4. Seizures: Cocaine

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cocaine (base and salts)
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

EUROPE
Western Europe
(5 NCIS (6
United Kingdom 2350.200 kg 2985.323 kg 2972.700 kg 3970.220 kg 2897.441 kg 2897.441 kg
Sub-Total 43557.830 kg 32475.040 kg 43706.970 kg 27723.690 kg 59165.000 kg 45436.990 kg
887 u. 1341 u. 1.944 lt. 2331 u. 612 u. 646 u.
452 u.
Total region 44994.880 kg 33626.700 kg 44068.020 kg 28924.700 kg 59429.590 kg 46085.660 kg
0.895 lt. 1412 u. 1.944 lt. 2368 u. 621 u. 646 u.
887 u. 591 u.
OCEANIA
Oceania
Govt. (7
Australia 81.944 kg 103.162 kg 70.725 kg 1437.869 kg 1151.255 kg 105.874 kg
ICPO ICPO
Fiji No Report No Report No Report 0.347 kg 2.000 kg No Report
INCB
New Zealand 0.037 kg 0.015 kg 0.454 kg 0.249 kg 0.008 kg 0.267 kg
INCB
Tonga 0.001 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 81.982 kg 103.177 kg 71.179 kg 1438.465 kg 1153.263 kg 106.141 kg
Total region 81.982 kg 103.177 kg 71.179 kg 1438.465 kg 1153.263 kg 106.141 kg
TOTAL 347200.800 kg 394419.100 kg 371327.000 kg 347762.000 kg 364804.000 kg 363024.800 kg
0.895 lt. 0.007 lt. 36414.300 lt. 1519.542 lt. 96989 u. 121973 u.
67328 u. 131743 u. 74395 u. 73781 u.
1) Small quantity. 2) Includes crack. 3) The 36411.949 litres correspond to 4,737 gallons coca base liquid and 4,882 gallons
cocaine liquid 4) Due to unavailability of 2001 data, year 2000 data were used for analysis purposes. 5) Included in cannabis
seeds. 6) Due to unavailability of 2002 data, year 2001 data were used for analysis purposes. 7) Provisional figures.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

301
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Coca leaf
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AMERICAS
North America
Canada 0.192 kg No Report 0.316 kg 0.056 kg 0.050 kg 3.405 kg
(1
United States No Report No Report 58.436 kg 45.608 kg 0.600 kg No Report
2.181 lt.
Sub-Total 0.192 kg 58.752 kg 45.664 kg 0.650 kg 3.405 kg
2.181 lt.
South America
Argentina 49754.102 kg 47847.961 kg 68492.192 kg 95901.272 kg 91352.081 kg 45570.390 kg
F.O F.O F.O F.O
Bolivia 80090.000 kg 110202.000 63911.000 kg 59704.000 kg 8072.056 kg 103176.037
kg kg
ICPO
Brazil 0.035 kg No Report No Report 0.018 kg No Report No Report
ICPO
Chile No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.249 kg
(2
Colombia 117817.000 340564.000 307783.000 897911.000 583.165 kg 368000.000*
kg kg kg kg kg
Ecuador No Report 0.050 kg 5000 u. No Report No Report No Report
Peru 146824.953 132209.875 34792.500 kg 48609.597 kg 29324.293 kg 39921.738 kg
kg kg
Uruguay No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.646 kg
Venezuela No Report No Report No Report No Report 180.000 kg No Report
Sub-Total 394486.100 kg 630823.900 kg 474978.700 kg 1102126.000 kg 129511.600 kg 556669.100 kg
5000 u.
Total region 394486.300 kg 630823.900 kg 475037.400 kg 1102172.000 kg 129512.200 kg 556672.400 kg
5000 u. 2.181 lt.
ASIA
Central Asia and Transcaucasian countries
Armenia No Report 0.163 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 0.163 kg
Total region 0.163 kg
EUROPE
Eastern Europe
Hungary No Report No Report No Report No Report 1.049 kg 0.632 kg
Poland No Report No Report No Report No Report 45.298 kg No Report
Serbia and No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 1.226 kg
Montenegro
Sub-Total 46.347 kg 1.858 kg
Western Europe
Denmark No Report No Report No Report 0.043 kg 0.000 kg No Report
France No Report No Report 11.133 kg No Report No Report 0.203 kg
ICPO
Italy No Report 0.049 kg 0.109 kg 0.445 kg 0.055 kg 2.255 kg
Norway No Report 0.001 kg 3.420 kg No Report No Report 0.030 kg

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

* Reported figures at the time of the preparation of the report; revised figures by the Gov. of Colombia show seizures of coca leaf of
638,000 kg for 2002.

302
 4. Seizures: Cocaine

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Coca leaf
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

EUROPE
Western Europe
Portugal 0.043 kg 0.020 kg No Report No Report No Report 1 u.
Sweden No Report No Report No Report 0.268 kg No Report No Report
Sub-Total 0.043 kg 0.070 kg 14.662 kg 0.756 kg 0.055 kg 2.488 kg
1 u.
Total region 0.043 kg 0.070 kg 14.662 kg 0.756 kg 46.402 kg 4.346 kg
1 u.
OCEANIA
Oceania
Australia 0.590 kg No Report No Report No Report 0.019 kg 10.443 kg
New Zealand No Report 0.019 kg 0.011 kg No Report 4.253 kg 0.013 kg
Sub-Total 0.590 kg 0.019 kg 0.011 kg 4.272 kg 10.456 kg
Total region 0.590 kg 0.019 kg 0.011 kg 4.272 kg 10.456 kg
TOTAL 394486.900 kg 630824.100 kg 475052.100 kg 1102172.000 kg 129562.900 kg 556687.300 kg
5000 u. 2.181 lt. 1 u.
1) Includes cocaine other 2) Do not include 9702 gallons (36726 litres) of coca leaf in process

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

303
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

4.3. Cannabis: Seizures 1997-2002

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002
Cannabis herb
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AFRICA
East Africa
ICPO
Burundi No Report No Report 45.847 kg No Report No Report No Report
Ethiopia 135.346 kg 331.561 kg 807.364 kg 181.821 kg 152.064 kg 155.568 kg
Govt (1
Kenya 11250.000 kg 2375.240 kg 8762.033 kg 5649.000 kg 383253.486 77737.711 kg
kg
INCB ICPO
Madagascar 510.460 kg No Report 1265.332 kg No Report No Report No Report
Mauritius 18435.000 kg 3.090 kg 5.592 kg 21.931 kg 66.985 kg 43.492 kg
Rwanda No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 6215.000 kg
ICPO ICPO
Seychelles No Report 2.056 kg 1.005 kg 22.014 kg 0.067 kg 1.042 kg
Somalia No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 1000.000 kg
ICPO
Uganda No Report 5530.000 kg 5530.000 kg 6100.000 kg 50000.000 kg 100.000 kg
ICPO Govt ICPO
United Republic of 82539.539 kg 4617.862 kg 6021.273 kg 24293.304 kg 249639.026 90410.857 kg
Tanzania kg
Sub-Total 112870.300 kg 12859.810 kg 22438.450 kg 36268.070 kg 683111.600 kg 175663.700 kg
North Africa
ICPO
Algeria No Report 58.300 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
Egypt 10185.538 kg 31078.387 kg 22588.505 kg 30397.591 kg 50037.000 kg No Report
ICPO ICPO
Morocco 27955.979 kg 37160.879 kg No Report No Report 73.810 kg 93506.730 kg
Sudan No Report No Report No Report 1887.805 kg No Report No Report
ICPO ICPO
Tunisia 18.163 kg 2.000 kg 1893.381 kg No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 38159.680 kg 68299.560 kg 24481.890 kg 32285.400 kg 50110.810 kg 93506.730 kg
Southern Africa
ICPO ICPO ICPO ICPO
Angola 518.006 kg 1.975 kg 2829.167 kg 4733.667 kg 621.278 kg No Report
ICPO ICPO ICPO ICPO
Botswana 1446.153 kg 1186.000 kg 1229.000 kg No Report No Report 1000.000 kg
ICPO ICPO ICPO ICPO
Lesotho 10472.073 kg 21583.824 kg 7243.697 kg No Report No Report 6513.350 kg
Malawi 10320.105 kg 5201.971 kg 27141.583 kg 312471.845 8663.694 kg 7131.989 kg
kg
ICPO ICPO ICPO ICPO ICPO ICPO
Mozambique 184.024 kg 462.000 kg 894.406 kg 1700.562 kg 6721.550 kg 5798.000 kg
INCB ICPO
Namibia 298.830 kg 361.395 kg 282.363 kg 302.981 kg 5386.189 kg 949.448 kg
ICPO
South Africa 171929.328 197116.297 289943.561 717701.918 123964.058 104977.750
kg kg kg kg kg kg
ICPO
Swaziland 11302.505 kg 5943.293 kg 33283.707 kg 14946.718 kg 15064.342 kg 10196.081 kg
Govt Govt Govt
Zambia 11176.308 kg 3256.366 kg 7000.653 kg 7318.199 kg 14.600 kg 1605.194 kg
ICPO
Zimbabwe 4667.320 kg 6117.086 kg 1816.001 kg 3045.908 kg 1530.254 kg 3722.538 kg
Sub-Total 222314.600 kg 241230.200 kg 371664.200 kg 1062222.000 kg 161966.000 kg 141894.300 kg
West and Central Africa
Govt Govt Govt F.O ICPO ICPO
Benin 26.862 kg 611.077 kg 25.138 kg 971.781 kg 809.408 kg 2126.210 kg
Govt.
Burkina Faso 2402.734 kg No Report No Report No Report 2404.713 kg No Report
Cameroon No Report 112.875 kg 1154.560 kg No Report No Report 443.245 kg
180 u.
ICPO Govt
Central African No Report 57.551 kg No Report No Report No Report 6.650 kg
Republic

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

304
 4. Seizures: Cannabis

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cannabis herb
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AFRICA
West and Central Africa
ICPO
Chad No Report No Report 686.000 kg 378.000 kg No Report No Report
Congo No Report No Report 1.000 kg 259.000 kg 222.000 kg 1147.830 kg
ICPO
Côte d'Ivoire 853.871 kg 898.960 kg 1650.189 kg 1236.644 kg 1876.658 kg 4397.968 kg
INCB
Equatorial Guinea 3.500 kg 24.000 kg 26.000 kg No Report No Report No Report
6 u. 46 u.
ICPO ICPO ICPO
Gabon 24.255 kg 114.336 kg 45.648 kg No Report No Report No Report
ICPO ICPO ICPO
Gambia 566.971 kg 376.145 kg No Report No Report 700.000 kg 638.959 kg
F.O.
Ghana 1409.470 kg 4375.098 kg 4080.049 kg No Report No Report 5418.140 kg
ICPO
Guinea No Report No Report No Report 640.345 kg No Report No Report
Guinea-Bissau No Report No Report No Report No Report 367.000 kg No Report
ICPO
Mali 404.270 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Govt Govt
Mauritania 92.006 kg 17.200 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
ICPO ICPO ICPO
Niger 499.887 kg 682.173 kg 1356.162 kg No Report No Report No Report
Govt.
Nigeria 15904.721 kg 16170.500 kg 17691.014 kg 272260.020 317950.204 506846.009
kg kg kg
Saint Helena 3.009 kg 0.183 kg No Report 0.075 kg No Report
Sao Tome and 0.200 kg No Report No Report No Report 15.000 kg No Report
Principe
F.O. F.O. ICPO ICPO
Senegal 13627.390 kg 69652.000 kg 7165.830 kg No Report No Report 4888.080 kg
Govt.
Togo 1066.189 kg No Report No Report 429.056 kg 655.247 kg 234.641 kg
Sub-Total 36885.330 kg 93092.090 kg 33881.590 kg 276174.900 kg 325000.200 kg 526147.700 kg
6 u. 46 u. 180 u.
Total region 410230.000 kg 415481.700 kg 452466.100 kg 1406950.000 kg 1220189.000 kg 937212.400 kg
6 u. 46 u. 180 u.
AMERICAS
Caribbean
F.O F.O
Anguilla 0.644 kg 5.037 kg 8.000 kg No Report 1.000 kg No Report
F.O F.O F.O F.O F.O
Antigua and 628.000 kg 105.000 kg 94.000 kg 67.000 kg 662.000 kg No Report
Barbuda
F.O F.O F.O F.O ICPO
Aruba 13.000 kg No Report 142.000 kg 12.000 kg 1159.000 kg 434.247 kg
F.O F.O
Bahamas 3763.000 kg 2591.065 kg 3610.000 kg 4093.000 kg 4174.000 kg 11515.000 kg
9203 u.
INCB CICAD HONLC F.O ICPO
Barbados 1132.027 kg 1650.000 kg 333.580 kg 2948.000 kg 5748.925 kg No Report
F.O
Bermuda 91.800 kg 91.800 kg 87.067 kg 136.579 kg 32.000 kg 360.000 kg
F.O F.O F.O F.O
British Virgin Islands 85.000 kg 84.000 kg 354.000 kg 26.000 kg 151.950 kg No Report
80 u.
Cayman Islands 3422.073 kg 4063.009 kg 5100.371 kg 6621.000 kg 11818.000 kg 6681.000 kg
427 u. 650 u.
F.O F.O F.O F.O F.O ICPO
Cuba 6023.000 kg 4610.000 kg 5559.000 kg 8802.000 kg 6121.000 kg 6023.428 kg
F.O F.O F.O CICAD F.O
Dominica 404.000 kg 361.000 kg 192.000 kg 468.000 kg 521.000 kg No Report

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

305
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cannabis herb
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AMERICAS
Caribbean
CICAD HONLC
Dominican Republic 800.660 kg 110.298 kg 184.333 kg 1526.000 kg 3815.900 kg 1749.000 kg
F.O F.O F.O F.O
French Guiana 123.000 kg 127.000 kg 134.000 kg 58.000 kg No Report No Report
INCB F.O INCSR ICPO
Grenada 123.199 kg 84.000 kg 219.000 kg 103.000 kg 133.690 kg 379.280 kg
547 u.
F.O F.O F.O F.O F.O
Guadeloupe 20179.000 kg 8860.000 kg 515.000 kg 1017.000 kg 516.000 kg No Report
F.O F.O F.O F.O
Haiti 9000.000 kg 9255.000 kg 71.030 kg 401.000 kg 1705.000 kg 149.050 kg
F.O F.O ICPO F.O ICPO
Jamaica 24729.000 kg 35911.000 kg 56226.940 kg 55870.000 kg 74044.000 kg 27137.000 kg
F.O F.O F.O F.O
Martinique 355.000 kg 136.000 kg 199.000 kg 749.000 kg No Report No Report
F.O
Montserrat 3.285 kg No Report 2677.000 kg 0.497 kg No Report No Report
14090 u.
INCB F.O ICPO F.O ICPO
Netherlands Antilles 1553.310 kg No Report 541.000 kg 39.782 kg 3772.000 kg 5691.000 kg
F.O F.O F.O F.O F.O ICPO
Puerto Rico 1337.000 kg 1285.000 kg 12605.000 kg 1982.000 kg 24.000 kg 49536.000 kg
1177 u.
F.O F.O F.O INCSR F.O
Saint Kitts and 67.000 kg 31.000 kg 14124.000 kg 119.000 kg 330.000 kg No Report
Nevis
CICAD F.O
Saint Lucia 621.684 kg 363.663 kg 267.000 kg 1803.610 kg 753.000 kg No Report
F.O F.O F.O INCSR F.O
Saint Vincent and 527.000 kg 1321.000 kg 7180.000 kg 1709.000 kg 1962.000 kg No Report
the Grenadines
CICAD CICAD F.O
Trinidad Tobago 1430.000 kg 3483.545 kg 8287.000 kg 1546.000 kg 2393.950 kg 1135.404 kg
F.O F.O
Turks and Caicos 22.000 kg 8.000 kg 68.500 kg 27.000 kg 24.000 kg 12.802 kg
Islands
ICPO
US Virgin Islands No Report No Report 48.123 kg No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 76433.690 kg 74536.420 kg 118826.900 kg 90124.470 kg 119862.400 kg 110803.200 kg
14517 u. 650 u. 9283 u. 1724 u.
Central America
CICAD F.O F.O F.O ICPO
Belize 263.000 kg 1557.000 kg 392.000 kg 249.000 kg 269.909 kg 392.468 kg
CICAD
Costa Rica* 107.000 kg 469.340 kg 1693.550 kg 1140.650 kg 2848.620 kg 688.130 kg
ICPO ICPO ICPO
El Salvador 971.247 kg 291.202 kg 604.581 kg 455.700 kg 463.917 kg 666.059 kg
Govt.
Guatemala 256.222 kg 193.970 kg 814.212 kg 158.450 kg 584.550 kg 1098.310 kg
CICAD CICAD CICAD
Honduras 2.147 kg 1293.000 kg 1583.000 kg 1112.000 kg No Report 416.142 kg
1127 u.
CICAD CICAD ICPO
Nicaragua 285.198 kg 613.027 kg 754.000 kg 737.000 kg 586.560 kg 631.028 kg
HONLC
Panama 14102.067 kg 16536.006 kg 3477.268 kg 3657.498 kg 1639.000 kg 1842.000 kg
Sub-Total 15986.880 kg 20953.550 kg 9318.610 kg 7510.298 kg 6392.556 kg 5734.137 kg
1127 u.
North America
Canada 50624.000 kg 27299.990 kg 44541.000 kg 70221.600 kg 6833.524 kg 13278.116 kg
8 u. 52 u. 738 u. 18 u.
**
Mexico 1038470.414 1062143.980 1471959.958 2050402.078 1837524.728 1633326.209
kg kg kg kg kg kg
Govt.
United States 684745.375 799000.875 1175373.000 218256.453 682574.100 1110525.400
kg kg kg kg kg kg

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

* Reported figures at the time of the preparation of the report; revised figures by the Gov. of Costa Rica show seizures of cannabis
herb of 553.08 kg in 1997; 2,887 kg in 2001; 728.76 kg in 2002 and 1,764.93 in 2003.
* * Reported figures at the time of the preparation of the report, revised figures by the Gov. of Mexico show seizures of cannabis herb of
1839357.121 Kg in 2001.

306
 4. Seizures: Cannabis

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cannabis herb
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AMERICAS
North America
Sub-Total 1773840.000 kg 1888445.000 kg 2691874.000 kg 2338880.000 kg 2526932.000 kg 2757130.000 kg
8 u. 52 u. 738 u. 18 u.
South America
Argentina 13709.620 kg 10920.230 kg 18301.339 kg 25538.966 kg 33052.239 kg 44823.951 kg
F.O F.O F.O F.O F.O
Bolivia 3617.000 kg 320.000 kg 2160.000 kg 3745.000 kg 7054.500 kg 8753.957 kg
Govt F.O
Brazil 31828.432 kg 28982.492 kg 69171.506 kg 159073.232 146279.636 194080.000
kg kg kg
CICAD (2
Chile 784.430 kg 2238.325 kg 2105.000 kg 3277.341 kg 2418.496 kg 8832.672 kg
Govt.
Colombia 178132.000 70025.000 kg 70124.000 kg 75465.000 kg 86610.000 kg 76998.000 kg
kg
ICPO HONLC
Ecuador 224.206 kg 17734.697 kg 2976.910 kg 18263.357 kg 3079.376 kg 1571.000 kg
F.O F.O F.O F.O ICPO
Guyana 40.000 kg 51.000 kg 3528.000 kg 4387.000 kg 243.000 kg No Report
CICAD
Paraguay 17218.105 kg 80077.914 kg 199282.319 51081.000 kg No Report 48140.946 kg
kg
Peru 20910.326 kg 19880.324 kg 4055.732 kg 1635.419 kg 2601.446 kg 2888.717 kg
F.O CICAD INCSR
Suriname 65.000 kg 104.754 kg 177.000 kg 107.000 kg 46.000 kg 205.000 kg
Govt. ICPO
Uruguay 25601.006 kg 424.778 kg 493.783 kg 805.843 kg 1115.222 kg 899.704 kg
CICAD
Venezuela No Report 4500.000 kg 13055.778 kg 14999.634 kg 14431.800 kg 20919.610 kg
Sub-Total 292130.100 kg 235259.500 kg 385431.300 kg 358378.800 kg 296931.700 kg 408113.600 kg
Total region 2158391.000 kg 2219195.000 kg 3205451.000 kg 2794894.000 kg 2950119.000 kg 3281781.000 kg
14517 u. 658 u. 52 u. 738 u. 9301 u. 2851 u.
ASIA
Central Asia and Transcaucasian countries
Govt.
Armenia No Report 0.888 kg 46.675 kg 53.798 kg 14.081 kg 76.084 kg
ICPO ICPO
Azerbaijan 37.475 kg 40.287 kg 55.395 kg 2773.104 kg 61.500 kg 2212.550 kg
ICPO ICPO
Georgia No Report No Report 31972.800 kg No Report 32397.000 kg No Report
Govt. F.O F.O
Kazakhstan 11800.000 kg 716.236 kg 10481.505 kg No Report 11789.000 kg 17072.230 kg
F.O F.O (3 (4 (4
Kyrgyzstan 694.100 kg 1569.243 kg 1716.475 kg 3748.220 kg 2250.663 kg 2525.915 kg
F.O F.O
Tajikistan 336.311 kg 323.331 kg No Report No Report 750.486 kg 998.956 kg
Uzbekistan 374.496 kg 358.558 kg 288.689 kg No Report No Report 417.900 kg
Sub-Total 13242.380 kg 3008.543 kg 44561.540 kg 6575.122 kg 47262.730 kg 23303.630 kg
East and South-East Asia
Brunei Darussalam 0.139 kg 3.288 kg 0.364 kg 0.054 kg 0.007 kg 1.132 kg
ICPO
Cambodia 53751.000 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Govt. Govt. Govt.
China 2408.000 kg 5079.000 kg No Report 4493.000 kg 751.000 kg 1300.000 kg
Govt.
Hong Kong SAR, 1002.100 kg 585.000 kg 24.727 kg 226.007 kg No Report 665.910 kg
China
Indonesia 715.735 kg 1071.862 kg 3741.068 kg 6332.908 kg 27390.075 kg 61291.436 kg
Japan 155.246 kg 120.884 kg 565.904 kg 310.246 kg 1070.248 kg 256.500 kg
24 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

307
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cannabis herb
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

ASIA
East and South-East Asia
ICPO ICPO
Korea (Republic of) 59.548 kg 32.751 kg 39.442 kg 39.371 kg 283.869 kg 194.795 kg
Govt. INCSR HNLP INCSR Govt
Lao People's Dem. 7026.000 kg 410.000 kg 2187.000 kg 1860.000 kg 1702.000 kg 1932.200 kg
Rep.
ICPO ICPO INCB
Macau SAR, China 5.519 kg 1.661 kg 3.000 kg 16.381 kg 0.519 kg 0.124 kg
ICPO ICPO
Malaysia 3889.132 kg 1781.010 kg 2064.498 kg 1885.450 kg 1570.526 kg 1734.133 kg
ICPO ICPO
Mongolia No Report No Report 5.000 kg 5.800 kg No Report No Report
Myanmar 288.034 kg 380.970 kg 274.282 kg 601.508 kg 284.387 kg 281.988 kg
Govt (5 Govt (5 Govt (5 Govt (5
Philippines 2172.452 kg 2057.974 kg 1187.870 kg 1429.474 kg 706.418 kg 1361.507 kg
(3 (3 ICPO
Singapore 4363.452 kg 21.831 kg 7.432 kg 23.903 kg 8.843 kg 2.637 kg
HNLP F.O F.O
Thailand 9141.927 kg 5581.840 kg 14706.198 kg 10320.000 kg 10921.000 kg 12095.000 kg
ICPO ICPO F.O ICPO
Viet Nam 7986.000 kg 379.000 kg 400.100 kg 2139.000 kg 1289.005 kg No Report
Sub-Total 92964.290 kg 17507.070 kg 25206.890 kg 29683.100 kg 45977.900 kg 81117.370 kg
24 u.
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
ICPO ICPO ICPO
Bahrain 7.382 kg 0.041 kg 0.042 kg 7.417 kg No Report 0.008 kg
ICPO
Iran (Islamic No Report No Report No Report 1495.000 kg No Report No Report
Republic of)
INCB ICPO
Iraq No Report No Report 270.000 kg 569.970 kg No Report No Report
ICPO
Israel 10635.000 kg 3581.000 kg 3400.000 kg 9855.000 kg 11685.000 kg 12382.000 kg
Jordan 0.106 kg No Report No Report No Report 55.034 kg 1.440 kg
ICPO ICPO ICPO ICPO
Kuwait 28.580 kg 0.246 kg 3.099 kg No Report 715.060 kg
Lebanon No Report No Report 1.379 kg 0.017 kg 0.011 kg 0.091 kg
ICPO
Oman No Report No Report 0.269 kg 6823.000 kg 0.001 kg 0.306 kg
ICPO F.O
Pakistan No Report No Report No Report 1223.205 kg No Report 68346.000 kg
ICPO ICPO ICPO
Qatar No Report 146.250 kg 3.297 kg 0.300 kg No Report 0.003 kg
ICPO
Saudi Arabia No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 5591.000 kg
Govt Govt Govt Govt Govt
Syrian Arab 1714.634 kg 231.759 kg 819.058 kg 222.016 kg 379.957 kg No Report
Republic
United Arab No Report 0.095 kg 0.341 kg No Report 2.566 kg 0.425 kg
Emirates
ICPO ICPO ICPO
Yemen 0.569 kg 11.350 kg No Report 24.990 kg No Report No Report
Sub-Total 12386.270 kg 3970.741 kg 4494.386 kg 20224.010 kg 12122.570 kg 87036.330 kg
South Asia
F.O ICPO
Bangladesh No Report No Report 724.070 kg 2657.899 kg 1421.200 kg 1721.816 kg
Govt (6 Govt
India 80866.000 kg 68221.000 kg 38610.000 kg 100056.000 75943.000 kg 93477.000 kg
kg
ICPO
Maldives No Report 0.001 kg 0.022 kg No Report 0.004 kg 0.072 kg
ICPO ICPO
Nepal 2040.894 kg 6409.669 kg 4064.650 kg 8025.308 kg No Report 850.031 kg
ICPO
Sri Lanka 63338.734 kg 3450.686 kg 4062.421 kg 5026.336 kg 113238.733 555.135 kg
kg
Sub-Total 146245.600 kg 78081.360 kg 47461.160 kg 115765.500 kg 190602.900 kg 96604.050 kg

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

308
 4. Seizures: Cannabis

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cannabis herb
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

ASIA
Total region 264838.600 kg 102567.700 kg 121724.000 kg 172247.800 kg 295966.100 kg 288061.400 kg
24 u.
EUROPE
Eastern Europe
ICPO Govt Govt
Albania No Report No Report 4395.156 kg 6604.000 kg 6915.000 kg 13717.898 kg
INCB ICPO
Belarus 90.802 kg No Report 425.000 kg 124.000 kg 103.000 kg 89.000 kg
NAPOL NAPOL ICPO NAPOL ICPO ICPO
Bosnia Herzegovina 1.002 kg 53.815 kg 59.144 kg 127.982 kg 467.585 kg 919.545 kg
Bulgaria 227.440 kg 1527.562 kg 29365.000 kg 295.947 kg 183.061 kg 1308.970 kg
Croatia 135.868 kg 20342.877 kg 200.898 kg 797.501 kg 737.911 kg 608.070 kg
Czech Republic 5.403 kg 5.500 kg 111.200 kg 16.648 kg 190.450 kg 100.728 kg
Estonia 3.439 kg 4.789 kg 1.468 kg 4.190 kg 0.903 kg 1.747 kg
358 u. 491 u. 673 u.
NAPOL NAPOL NAPOL Govt
FYR of Macedonia 57.989 kg 1136.752 kg 698.098 kg 1333.399 kg 99.115 kg 29.234 kg
Govt.
Hungary 2140.000 kg 42.930 kg 65.725 kg 51.000 kg 131.030 kg 114.755 kg
Latvia 22.000 kg 2.480 kg 231.200 kg 6.780 kg 193.580 kg No Report
Lithuania 8.063 kg 30.357 kg 25.667 kg 14.428 kg 15.540 kg 5.300 kg
Poland 62.476 kg 62.146 kg 847.901 kg 139.000 kg 74.306 kg 495.700 kg
ICPO
Republic of Moldova 435.500 kg No Report 416.000 kg No Report No Report No Report
ICPO ICPO ICPO ICPO
Romania 40.186 kg 7.478 kg 4.530 kg 321.000 kg 155.000 kg 14904.710 kg
F.O ICPO
Russian Federation 22976.000 kg 23510.650 kg 33801.919 kg 23313.000 kg 43877.267 kg 29847.879 kg
Serbia and No Report No Report No Report No Report 1230.224 kg 1729.501 kg
Montenegro
Slovakia 865.615 kg 12539.934 kg 156.000 kg 168.196 kg No Report 151.500 kg
Slovenia 47.555 kg 2772.604 kg 249.156 kg 3413.025 kg 177.880 kg 1099.940 kg
ICPO. (6 ICPO
Ukraine No Report No Report 4045.000 kg 11609.932 kg 8195.320 kg 80.000 kg
Sub-Total 27119.340 kg 62039.880 kg 75099.070 kg 48340.030 kg 62747.170 kg 65204.480 kg
358 u. 491 u. 673 u.
Western Europe
ICPO ICPO ICPO
Andorra 1.892 kg 0.116 kg 0.046 kg 0.237 kg 0.200 kg 0.111 kg
Austria 668.071 kg 1211.031 kg 341.402 kg 1562.828 kg 282.255 kg 450.289 kg
UNODC (7
Belgium 39072.000 kg 2463.270 kg 2914.749 kg 8206.746 kg 8206.746 kg 23920.000 kg
Cyprus 17.582 kg 128.905 kg 30.108 kg 28.875 kg 37.537 kg 9.169 kg
Denmark No Report No Report 52.830 kg 739.819 kg 762.262 kg 50.671 kg
14032 u.
Finland 12.153 kg 8.014 kg 18.167 kg 13.825 kg 16.100 kg 32.000 kg
France 3452.210 kg 3521.790 kg 3382.205 kg 4865.558 kg 3922.370 kg 6146.700 kg
Germany 4167.282 kg 14897.189 kg 15021.800 kg 5870.900 kg 2078.703 kg 6130.199 kg
Greece 12409.776 kg 17510.434 kg 12038.938 kg 14908.448 kg 11653.193 kg 6021.447 kg
482 u. 10 u.
Iceland No Report No Report 0.503 kg 5.092 kg 0.030 kg 1.439 kg
Ireland 34.824 kg 38.909 kg 68.290 kg 207.954 kg 11590.057 kg 6105.710 kg

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

309
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cannabis herb
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

EUROPE
Western Europe
ICPO
Italy 45011.035 kg 38785.988 kg 21248.982 kg 26071.488 kg 36622.637 kg 16397.838 kg
2675 u. 1192 u. 2068 u. 967 u. 823 u.
(3
Liechtenstein 1.530 kg No Report No Report 0.972 kg 422.470 kg 1.442 kg
ICPO ICPO
Luxembourg 34.387 kg 4.956 kg 3.932 kg 8.383 kg No Report 18.196 kg
ICPO
Malta 0.163 kg 0.069 kg 0.161 kg No Report 0.022 kg 0.846 kg
ICPO ICPO
Monaco 0.028 kg 0.032 kg 0.013 kg 0.024 kg No Report 0.093 kg
Govt Govt Govt Govt (3
Netherlands 35315.000 kg 55463.000 kg 49115.000 kg 10330.000 kg 21139.000 kg 42675.000 kg
Norway 44.095 kg 88.172 kg 16.471 kg 20.905 kg 35.384 kg 105.654 kg
Portugal 72.240 kg 7.115 kg 65.766 kg 223.212 kg 234.533 kg 361.026 kg
Spain 24890.311 kg 412.866 kg 761.342 kg 353.292 kg 532.420 kg 380.733 kg
Sweden 30.705 kg 98.431 kg 28.228 kg 45.597 kg 13.981 kg 76.000 kg
4 u.
Switzerland 6634.843 kg 13163.982 kg 7800.229 kg 18313.602 kg 11106.537 kg 21893.240 kg
ICPO
Turkey No Report No Report 5458.350 kg 1.000 kg 4561.533 kg 5524.179 kg
ICPO (8
United Kingdom 31120.199 kg 21660.666 kg 15410.048 kg 25473.979 kg 26740.984 kg 26740.984 kg
20 u.
Sub-Total 202990.300 kg 169464.900 kg 133777.600 kg 117252.700 kg 139959.000 kg 163043.000 kg
3157 u. 1192 u. 34 u. 16100 u. 967 u. 823 u.
Total region 230109.700 kg 231504.800 kg 208876.600 kg 165592.800 kg 202706.100 kg 228247.500 kg
3157 u. 1550 u. 525 u. 16773 u. 967 u. 823 u.
OCEANIA
Oceania
(9 Govt. (6 Govt. (6 Govt. (10 (11
Australia 4398.986 kg 15996.628 kg 3340.917 kg 4365.089 kg 6918.357 kg 5310.996 kg
ICPO ICPO ICPO ICPO
Fiji No Report No Report 45.618 kg 106.200 kg 316.750 kg 14.414 kg
INCB INCB
New Caledonia 133.610 kg No Report 132.000 kg No Report No Report No Report
(9
New Zealand 285.012 kg 389.182 kg 323.649 kg 332.396 kg 1847.000 kg 593.078 kg
INCB
Tonga 0.297 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 4817.905 kg 16385.810 kg 3842.184 kg 4803.685 kg 9082.107 kg 5918.488 kg
Total region 4817.905 kg 16385.810 kg 3842.184 kg 4803.685 kg 9082.107 kg 5918.488 kg
TOTAL 3068387.000 kg 2985135.000 kg 3992360.000 kg 4544489.000 kg 4678062.000 kg 4741221.000 kg
17674 u. 2214 u. 623 u. 17511 u. 10268 u. 3878 u.
1) Includes plants,resin & seeds 2) No. of seizures include seizures of cannabis plant 3) Including cannabis resin. 4) Including
cannabis resin and plants 5) Including cannabis resin 6) Provisional figures. 7) Due to unavailability of 2001 data, year 2000 data
were used for analysis purposes. 8) Due to unavailability of 2002 data, year 2001 data were used for analysis purposes. 9)
Including cannabis resin, liquid cannabis. 10) Fiscal year 11) Includes 1855.237kg of Cannabis unspecified

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

310
 4. Seizures: Cannabis

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cannabis resin
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AFRICA
East Africa
ICPO ICPO
Kenya 7.007 kg No Report 3.200 kg 6356.000 kg 21.000 kg 17.172 kg
(1
Mauritius No Report 0.130 kg 0.007 kg 0.040 kg 0.027 kg
Govt. ICPO
Seychelles No Report 1.073 kg 72.883 kg 32.962 kg 17.934 kg 2.986 kg
Uganda No Report 25.000 kg 8.797 kg No Report No Report No Report
ICPO Govt ICPO
United Republic of No Report 42.162 kg No Report 15.000 kg 12.500 kg 1865.614 kg
Tanzania
Sub-Total 7.007 kg 68.365 kg 84.880 kg 6403.969 kg 51.474 kg 1885.799 kg
North Africa
ICPO ICPO ICPO
Algeria No Report 1217.179 kg 4080.662 kg 1694.127 kg 1728.258 kg 2148.379 kg
Egypt 441.588 kg 628.434 kg 626.000 kg 525.000 kg 486.000 kg 1080.000 kg
F.O F.O F.O F.O
Libyan Arab Jam. 310.000 kg 471.955 kg 1.476 kg 3.418 kg 7.044 kg No Report
Morocco 71887.469 kg 55519.734 kg 54755.235 kg 143946.033 61355.736 kg 66394.000 kg
kg
ICPO ICPO
Tunisia 201.074 kg 806.324 kg 1893.381 kg 536.684 kg 1288.877 kg 977.730 kg
Sub-Total 72840.130 kg 58643.630 kg 61356.760 kg 146705.300 kg 64865.920 kg 70600.100 kg
Southern Africa
ICPO
Lesotho 3.942 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Malawi No Report 3.000 kg 3.000 kg No Report No Report No Report
ICPO ICPO ICPO ICPO ICPO
Mozambique 12000.000 kg 14.160 kg 11.000 kg 15542.000 kg 0.200 kg No Report
ICPO
South Africa 2.150 kg 20.568 kg 22.612 kg 11500.000 kg 534.146 kg 696.170 kg
Swaziland No Report No Report No Report No Report 5.056 kg No Report
Govt Govt Govt
Zambia 40.269 kg 3.111 kg 4.201 kg 14.604 kg 0.016 kg 1037.000 kg
Zimbabwe No Report 3.191 kg No Report No Report 0.081 kg 11.000 kg
Sub-Total 12046.360 kg 44.030 kg 40.813 kg 27056.600 kg 539.499 kg 1744.170 kg
West and Central Africa
ICPO ICPO
Benin No Report No Report No Report 350.000 kg 13.000 kg No Report
Govt.
Burkina Faso 4647.000 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
ICPO ICPO ICPO
Gambia 0.048 kg 0.420 kg 0.007 kg No Report No Report 1.966 kg
Saint Helena No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 1 u.
Sao Tome and 4.000 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Principe
ICPO
Senegal No Report No Report No Report 5390.000 kg No Report No Report
Sub-Total 4651.048 kg 0.420 kg 0.007 kg 5740.000 kg 13.000 kg 1.966 kg
1 u.
Total region 89544.540 kg 58756.440 kg 61482.460 kg 185905.800 kg 65469.890 kg 74232.040 kg
1 u.
AMERICAS
Caribbean
ICPO CICAD
Antigua and 1944.900 kg No Report 1000.000 kg No Report No Report No Report
Barbuda

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

311
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cannabis resin
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AMERICAS
Caribbean
INCB
Aruba 0.004 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
ICPO ICPO ICPO
Bahamas 5.030 kg 16.082 kg 2.095 kg 27.900 kg 14.220 kg 61.690 kg
31 u.
HONLC
Barbados No Report No Report 1.270 kg No Report No Report No Report
Bermuda 0.609 kg 0.609 kg 171.002 kg 1.136 kg No Report 1.550 kg
F.O ICPO
Cuba No Report No Report 66.200 kg No Report No Report 0.192 kg
ICPO ICPO
Dominica No Report No Report 0.015 kg No Report 51.580 kg No Report
ICPO ICPO
Dominican Republic No Report No Report 184.000 kg No Report 0.008 kg 0.007 kg
ICPO ICPO CICAD ICPO
Jamaica 67.590 kg No Report 61.450 kg 20.000 kg 8.100 kg 497.000 kg
INCB ICPO ICPO ICPO
Netherlands Antilles 0.354 kg No Report No Report 0.061 kg 0.104 kg 0.060 kg
(2
Saint Lucia No Report No Report 0.071 kg No Report No Report
Trinidad Tobago No Report 2725.305 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
ICPO
Turks and Caicos No Report No Report No Report 0.202 kg No Report No Report
Islands
Sub-Total 2018.487 kg 2741.996 kg 1486.032 kg 49.370 kg 74.012 kg 560.499 kg
31 u.
Central America
CICAD
Honduras No Report No Report 1027 u. No Report No Report No Report
ICPO
Panama No Report No Report No Report 0.002 kg No Report No Report
Sub-Total 1027 u. 0.002 kg
North America
Canada 6178.000 kg 15925.320 kg 6477.000 kg 16317.600 kg 1755.997 kg 158.893 kg
0.002 lt. 1.000 lt. 31 u.
97 u. 5 u.
Mexico 115.155 kg 1.743 kg 0.329 kg 0.005 kg 29.507 kg 0.035 kg
United States 1072.600 kg No Report 761.000 kg 945.137 kg 56.500 kg 620.900 kg
Sub-Total 7365.755 kg 15927.060 kg 7238.330 kg 17262.740 kg 1842.004 kg 779.828 kg
0.002 lt. 1.000 lt. 31 u.
97 u. 5 u.
South America
Argentina 0.060 kg 1.880 kg 5006 u. 9.114 kg 1.219 kg 1.891 kg
Govt F.O
Brazil 12.160 kg No Report 37.550 kg 41.009 kg 43.519 kg 36.100 kg
Chile No Report No Report No Report 0.001 kg No Report No Report
CICAD
Colombia 7.000 kg No Report 338.000 kg 38.000 lt. 0.200 kg No Report
Falkland Islands 0.122 kg No Report 0.063 kg 0.120 kg No Report No Report
Paraguay 1.780 kg 3.702 kg 2.337 kg No Report No Report 1301.000 kg
Suriname No Report 0.529 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
Uruguay No Report No Report 1.136 kg 0.045 kg No Report 2.387 kg
Sub-Total 21.122 kg 6.111 kg 379.085 kg 50.289 kg 44.938 kg 1341.378 kg
5006 u. 38.000 lt.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

312
 4. Seizures: Cannabis

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cannabis resin
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AMERICAS
Total region 9405.364 kg 18675.170 kg 9103.447 kg 17362.400 kg 1960.954 kg 2681.705 kg
0.002 lt. 1.000 lt. 38.000 lt. 31 u.
97 u. 6038 u. 31 u.
ASIA
Central Asia and Transcaucasian countries
ICPO
Armenia No Report No Report 0.178 kg 0.169 kg 0.112 kg 0.914 kg
Azerbaijan No Report 23.256 kg 0.832 kg No Report 15.500 kg 0.169 kg
ICPO ICPO
Georgia No Report No Report 0.003 kg 0.009 kg No Report No Report
Govt. F.O F.O
Kazakhstan 4100.000 kg 298.635 kg 145.462 kg No Report 276.160 kg 192.650 kg
F.O F.O F.O F.O
Tajikistan 630.311 kg 726.449 kg 560.000 kg 429.981 kg No Report No Report
Govt. F.O
Turkmenistan No Report 22249.000 kg 10413.000 kg No Report No Report No Report
F.O F.O
Uzbekistan 316.055 kg No Report 694.000 kg 65.100 kg 86.000 kg 44.700 kg
Sub-Total 5046.366 kg 23297.340 kg 11813.480 kg 495.259 kg 377.772 kg 238.433 kg
East and South-East Asia
Hong Kong SAR, 38.900 kg No Report 14.376 kg 6.004 kg 0.700 kg 0.370 kg
China
HNLP
Indonesia No Report 0.690 kg 300.005 kg 3.885 kg 5.632 kg 0.687 kg
230 u.
Japan 107.421 kg 214.560 kg 200.297 kg 185.416 kg 73.499 kg 275.300 kg
ICPO
Korea (Republic of) 0.635 kg 0.884 kg 1.963 kg No Report 4.254 kg 158.968 kg
ICPO
Macau SAR, China No Report 0.995 kg No Report 0.043 kg 0.499 kg No Report
Mongolia No Report No Report No Report No Report 2 u. No Report
ICPO
Philippines 0.283 kg No Report No Report 1.770 kg 8.015 kg 265.000 kg
2 u.
ICPO ICPO
Thailand 45.169 kg 20.592 kg 121.220 kg 91.903 kg No Report 52.170 kg
Sub-Total 192.408 kg 237.721 kg 637.860 kg 289.021 kg 92.599 kg 752.495 kg
230 u. 2 u. 2 u.
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
Afghanistan No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 50314.044 kg
ICPO ICPO
Bahrain 0.012 kg 1.036 kg 1263.049 kg No Report No Report 3.700 kg
NAPOL Govt
Iran (Islamic 11095.789 kg 14376.364 kg 18907.000 kg 31581.000 kg 46084.000 kg 64166.000 kg
Republic of)
Iraq No Report No Report No Report 569.970 kg 2343.796 kg No Report
ICPO
Israel 133.000 kg 60.900 kg 70.000 kg 30.218 kg 143.000 kg 2893.000 kg
Jordan No Report 166.737 kg 112.410 kg 298.456 kg 785.542 kg 864.966 kg
ICPO ICPO F.O
Kuwait 0.530 kg 214.103 kg 972.878 kg 3488.000 kg No Report No Report
ICPO
Lebanon 1876.281 kg 2492.609 kg 76.698 kg 358.000 kg 307.820 kg 28670.335 kg
INCB
Oman 1979.000 kg No Report 14335.695 kg No Report 2382.645 kg 49.934 kg
ICPO
Pakistan 107000.000 65909.234 kg 81458.142 kg 129181.626 75161.024 kg 85126.407 kg
kg kg
ICPO ICPO ICPO ICPO ICPO
Qatar 361.692 kg 374.526 kg 680.869 kg 134.586 kg 144.820 kg 65.969 kg

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

313
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cannabis resin
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

ASIA
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
ICPO ICPO
Saudi Arabia 1321.285 kg 2357.874 kg 2003.000 kg 2719.091 kg 1767.430 kg No Report
18 u.
Syrian Arab No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 907.427 kg
Republic
United Arab 3505.585 kg 7087.219 kg 2530.511 kg 943.405 kg 6113.923 kg 3127.065 kg
Emirates
Yemen No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 26.125 kg
Sub-Total 127273.200 kg 93040.600 kg 122410.300 kg 169304.400 kg 135234.000 kg 236215.000 kg
18 u.
South Asia
F.O ICPO
Bangladesh No Report No Report 0.700 kg 0.001 kg 133.020 kg 6.054 kg
Govt
India 3281.000 kg 10106.000 kg 3290.000 kg 5041.000 kg 5664.000 kg 4487.000 kg
ICPO
Maldives No Report No Report 0.004 kg No Report No Report 0.007 kg
Govt Govt Govt Govt ICPO
Nepal 981.892 kg 2585.886 kg 1671.413 kg 2539.936 kg No Report 850.031 kg
(1 ICPO
Sri Lanka 17.756 kg No Report 0.011 kg 0.015 kg 19979.000 kg
Sub-Total 4280.648 kg 12691.890 kg 4962.117 kg 7580.948 kg 5797.035 kg 25322.090 kg
Total region 136792.600 kg 129267.500 kg 139823.700 kg 177669.600 kg 141501.400 kg 262528.000 kg
230 u. 20 u. 2 u.
EUROPE
Eastern Europe
INCB ICPO
Belarus 5.380 kg 0.509 kg 1.949 kg 0.639 kg 669.000 kg 2.174 kg
NAPOL NAPOL ICPO
Bosnia Herzegovina 0.500 kg No Report 0.002 kg No Report 0.060 kg No Report
Bulgaria 533.570 kg 0.680 kg 0.010 kg 514.017 kg 422.584 kg 88.476 kg
Croatia 3.257 kg 2.878 kg 6.555 kg 1.041 kg 4.559 kg 2.107 kg
Czech Republic 0.324 kg No Report 1.200 kg 23.099 kg 6.850 kg 11.391 kg
Estonia 0.316 kg 0.133 kg 1.191 kg 9.913 kg 0.199 kg 1.067 kg
52 u. 191 u. 58 u.
NAPOL NAPOL NAPOL Govt
FYR of Macedonia No Report 1.164 kg 0.089 kg 427.519 kg 309.846 kg 258.406 kg
Govt.
Hungary 21.739 kg 6.803 kg 5.242 kg 22.538 kg 0.880 kg 4.181 kg
Latvia 0.646 kg 3.150 kg 0.685 kg 0.495 kg 0.191 kg No Report
Lithuania 0.078 kg 3.780 kg 1.054 kg 0.169 kg 0.260 kg 0.569 kg
Poland 628.000 kg 8.176 kg 49.203 kg No Report 9.426 kg 217.346 kg
ICPO
Republic of Moldova No Report 228.000 kg No Report 523.000 kg 358.130 kg No Report
ICPO (3
Romania 1309.792 kg 1.673 kg 43.530 kg 340.810 kg 13871.000 kg 38.580 kg
Govt. F.O ICPO
Russian Federation 887.500 kg 1588.700 kg 710.895 kg 845.000 kg 1335.671 kg 1424.257 kg
Serbia and No Report No Report No Report No Report 4.534 kg 6.814 kg
Montenegro
Slovakia 0.038 kg 0.015 kg No Report 2.085 kg 0.635 kg No Report
Slovenia 0.938 kg 1.958 kg 64.622 kg 1.022 kg 2.360 kg 0.120 kg
ICPO. (4 ICPO ICPO
Ukraine 9.500 kg 6150.100 kg 14.000 kg 49.316 kg 11.130 kg 7.092 kg

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

314
 4. Seizures: Cannabis

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cannabis resin
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

EUROPE
Eastern Europe
Sub-Total 3401.578 kg 7997.719 kg 900.227 kg 2760.663 kg 17007.310 kg 2062.580 kg
52 u. 191 u. 58 u.
Western Europe
ICPO ICPO
Andorra No Report 1.372 kg 1.422 kg 3.061 kg 3.790 kg 3.076 kg
Austria 243.909 kg 124.718 kg 109.996 kg 243.673 kg 137.987 kg 133.209 kg
ICPO UNODC (5
Belgium 8980.000 kg 817.622 kg 3130.812 kg 532.163 kg 532.163 kg 5298.000 kg
Cyprus 3.413 kg 1.201 kg 7.291 kg 9.525 kg 1.443 kg 1.456 kg
Denmark 467.100 kg 1572.455 kg 14021.300 kg 2914.419 kg 1762.742 kg 2635.235 kg
Finland 197.659 kg 160.972 kg 492.316 kg 196.540 kg 590.000 kg 482.300 kg
France 51664.367 kg 52176.426 kg 64096.665 kg 48710.697 kg 58195.515 kg 50836.113 kg
Germany 7327.560 kg 6109.549 kg 4885.200 kg 8525.200 kg 6863.057 kg 5003.001 kg
Greece 6825.727 kg 30.817 kg 55.819 kg 56.120 kg 270.780 kg 67.711 kg
Iceland No Report No Report 41.622 kg 26.626 kg 44.140 kg 57.564 kg
Ireland 1247.244 kg 3179.178 kg 2514.975 kg 379.800 kg 567.026 kg 3314.938 kg
ICPO
Italy 14740.517 kg 15412.128 kg 46780.319 kg 20725.364 kg 16455.477 kg 28600.257 kg
1954 u. 711 u. 818 u. 811 u. 947 u.
Liechtenstein 0.008 kg 2.770 kg No Report No Report 0.012 kg 0.013 kg
ICPO ICPO
Luxembourg 0.868 kg 1.974 kg 1.270 kg 1.174 kg No Report 0.697 kg
ICPO
Malta 1.788 kg 25.116 kg 1.606 kg 3.913 kg 3.562 kg 8.801 kg
ICPO ICPO
Monaco 0.170 kg 0.396 kg 0.111 kg 0.512 kg No Report 0.095 kg
Govt Govt Govt Govt
Netherlands 30272.000 kg 70696.000 kg 61226.000 kg 29590.000 kg 10972.000 kg *
Norway 904.059 kg 1874.136 kg 1254.762 kg 632.647 kg 808.541 kg 1097.980 kg
Portugal 9621.183 kg 5747.793 kg 10636.075 kg 30467.121 kg 6472.688 kg 7022.029 kg
ICPO
Spain 315328.000 428236.375 431165.280 474504.785 514181.600 564808.966
kg kg kg kg kg kg
Sweden 627.994 kg 390.930 kg 1065.387 kg 1206.709 kg 772.462 kg 729.000 kg
26 u.
ICPO
Switzerland 653.467 kg 1837.480 kg 651.548 kg 1258.307 kg 317.550 kg 1317.640 kg
Turkey 10439.201 kg 9434.290 kg 11085.546 kg 28637.130 kg 268.477 kg 1220.725 kg
ICPO (6
United Kingdom 118849.203 82837.533 kg 33727.243 kg 48346.903 kg 58996.761 kg 58996.761 kg
kg
194 u.
Sub-Total 578395.400 kg 680671.300 kg 686952.600 kg 696972.400 kg 678217.800 kg 731635.600 kg
1954 u. 711 u. 220 u. 818 u. 811 u. 947 u.
Total region 581797.000 kg 688669.100 kg 687852.900 kg 699733.100 kg 695225.100 kg 733698.100 kg
1954 u. 763 u. 411 u. 876 u. 811 u. 947 u.
OCEANIA
Oceania
Australia 537.289 kg No Report 4.129 kg 17.972 kg 3266.944 kg 55.795 kg
INCB
New Caledonia 0.003 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

* Data was not available at the time of the preparation of the report; latest information received indicates amount of 32,717 kg (previously
included in overall cannabis seizures of the Netherlands for 2002).

315
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cannabis resin
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

OCEANIA
Oceania
INCB
New Zealand 2.198 kg 3.632 kg 0.676 kg No Report 0.435 kg 0.482 kg
Sub-Total 539.490 kg 3.632 kg 4.805 kg 17.972 kg 3267.379 kg 56.277 kg
Total region 539.490 kg 3.632 kg 4.805 kg 17.972 kg 3267.379 kg 56.277 kg
TOTAL 818079.000 kg 895371.900 kg 898267.300 kg 1080689.000 kg 907424.700 kg 1073196.000 kg
1954 u. 0.002 lt. 1.000 lt. 38.000 lt. 844 u. 948 u.
1090 u. 6449 u. 927 u.
1) Small quantity. 2) Including depressants. 3) Including cannabis herb. 4) Provisional figures. 5) Due to unavailability of 2001
data, year 2000 data were used for analysis purposes. 6) Due to unavailability of 2002 data, year 2001 data were used for
analysis purposes.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

316
 4. Seizures: Cannabis

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cannabis oil
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AFRICA
East Africa
Kenya No Report No Report 4.057 kg No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 4.057 kg
North Africa
Govt.
Morocco 1.060 kg 14.473 kg 19.000 lt. 0.693 kg 0.008 kg No Report
Sub-Total 1.060 kg 14.473 kg 19.000 lt. 0.693 kg 0.008 kg
Southern Africa
Govt Govt Govt Govt Govt
Zambia 0.000 kg 0.000 kg 0.000 kg 0.000 kg 8.500 kg No Report
Sub-Total 8.500 kg
West and Central Africa
Benin No Report 26.863 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 26.863 kg
Total region 1.060 kg 41.336 kg 4.057 kg 0.693 kg 8.508 kg
19.000 lt.
AMERICAS
Caribbean
ICPO
Aruba No Report No Report 0.002 kg No Report No Report No Report
ICPO ICPO
Bahamas 0.020 kg No Report 104.089 kg 0.450 kg No Report No Report
Cayman Islands 46.036 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
2 u.
CICAD
Haiti 11.000 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
ICPO ICPO ICPO
Jamaica 383.820 kg No Report 371.490 kg 579.091 kg 210.980 kg No Report
INCSR
Saint Vincent and No Report No Report No Report 28375 u. No Report No Report
the Grenadines
CICAD
Trinidad Tobago 1430.000 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 1859.876 kg 11.000 kg 475.581 kg 579.541 kg 210.980 kg
2 u. 28375 u.
Central America
Panama No Report No Report 11.360 lt. No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 11.360 lt.
North America
Canada 824.000 kg 524.937 kg 434.000 kg 28.000 kg 120.191 kg 168.830 kg
20.166 lt. 55.302 lt. 187.392 lt. 16 u. 66.000 lt.
2 u. 6 u. 13 u.
United States No Report No Report 490.685 kg 66.152 kg 59.700 kg
Sub-Total 824.000 kg 524.937 kg 924.685 kg 94.152 kg 179.891 kg 168.830 kg
20.166 lt. 55.302 lt. 187.392 lt. 16 u. 66.000 lt.
2 u. 6 u. 13 u.
South America
ICPO ICPO
Chile No Report No Report 0.025 kg No Report No Report 0.320 kg

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

317
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cannabis oil
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AMERICAS
South America
Colombia 8.000 lt. No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Suriname No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.217 kg No Report
ICPO
Uruguay No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 2.386 kg
CICAD
Venezuela 8003.000 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 8003.000 kg 0.025 kg 0.217 kg 2.706 kg
8.000 lt.
Total region 10686.880 kg 535.937 kg 1400.291 kg 673.693 kg 391.088 kg 171.536 kg
8.000 lt. 20.166 lt. 66.662 lt. 187.392 lt. 16 u. 66.000 lt.
2 u. 2 u. 6 u. 28388 u.
ASIA
Central Asia and Transcaucasian countries
ICPO (1
Armenia No Report 22.353 kg 0.002 kg 0.000 kg 0.007 kg No Report
ICPO
Azerbaijan 1.793 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Kyrgyzstan 603.554 kg 1569.238 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 605.347 kg 1591.591 kg 0.002 kg 0.000 kg 0.007 kg
East and South-East Asia
Brunei Darussalam No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.260 lt. No Report
ICPO
Indonesia 4.017 kg No Report 300.005 kg 3.886 kg No Report No Report
Japan 0.143 lt. 3.750 kg 0.002 kg 0.000 lt. 0.003 lt.
0.002 lt.
ICPO
Korea (Republic of) 0.027 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.765 kg
ICPO
Thailand No Report No Report No Report 0.516 kg No Report No Report
Sub-Total 4.044 kg 3.750 kg 300.007 kg 4.402 kg 0.260 lt. 0.765 kg
0.143 lt. 0.002 lt. 0.003 lt.
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
ICPO
Iran (Islamic No Report No Report 68.000 kg No Report No Report No Report
Republic of)
Jordan 0.145 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Lebanon 58.000 kg No Report No Report 10.000 kg No Report 119.600 kg
Sub-Total 58.145 kg 68.000 kg 10.000 kg 119.600 kg
South Asia
Maldives No Report No Report 0.001 kg No Report 0.003 kg No Report
ICPO
Nepal 1342.492 kg No Report 2.100 kg No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 1342.492 kg 2.101 kg 0.003 kg
Total region 2010.028 kg 1595.341 kg 370.110 kg 14.402 kg 0.010 kg 120.365 kg
0.143 lt. 0.002 lt. 0.260 lt. 0.003 lt.
EUROPE
Eastern Europe
ICPO ICPO
Albania No Report No Report 13.000 lt. 2.100 lt. No Report 0.600 lt.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

318
 4. Seizures: Cannabis

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cannabis oil
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

EUROPE
Eastern Europe
Belarus No Report No Report 0.002 kg No Report No Report 2.401 kg
Bulgaria No Report No Report 0.100 kg 0.080 kg 6 u. No Report
Croatia No Report 0.008 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
Estonia No Report No Report No Report 0.300 kg No Report No Report
2 u.
Romania No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 1.000 lt.
F.O F.O
Russian Federation No Report 102.900 kg 141.344 kg 291.000 kg 366.590 kg No Report
Slovakia No Report No Report No Report 64.000 kg No Report No Report
Sub-Total 102.908 kg 141.446 kg 355.380 kg 366.590 kg 2.401 kg
13.000 lt. 2.100 lt. 6 u. 1.600 lt.
2 u.
Western Europe
ICPO
Austria 3.164 kg No Report No Report 0.750 kg 0.188 kg 1.919 kg
Belgium No Report No Report 5.000 kg No Report No Report No Report
Cyprus No Report No Report 30.294 kg No Report No Report No Report
(1
Denmark 0.123 kg 0.008 kg 3.910 kg 0.962 kg 0.019 kg
France 5.442 kg 0.592 kg 1.690 kg 2.830 kg 3.513 kg 5.086 kg
Germany 3.510 kg 0.538 kg 2.300 kg 4.500 kg 0.044 kg 2.062 kg
ICPO
Greece No Report No Report 0.200 kg 1.205 kg 1.910 kg 757.000 kg
ICPO
Italy 6.259 kg 0.635 kg 6.772 kg 13.349 kg 25.263 kg 52.646 kg
6 u. 3 u. 5 u. 171 u. 753 u.
Monaco 0.029 lt. No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Govt Govt
Netherlands No Report 150.000 lt. 1.000 lt. No Report No Report No Report
Norway 0.308 kg 0.034 kg 0.026 kg 0.028 kg 0.009 kg 1.683 kg
Portugal No Report No Report 0.001 kg 0.004 kg 0.134 kg 0.011 kg
11 u.
Spain 0.705 lt. 74.970 lt. 2346 u. 0.310 lt. 1915.500 kg 0.001 lt.
Sweden 0.019 kg No Report 0.006 kg No Report 0.203 kg No Report
Switzerland 8.607 kg 1.541 kg 0.609 kg 95.082 kg 17.577 kg 191.654 kg
Turkey No Report 63.411 kg No Report 2.480 kg 0.001 kg No Report
(2
United Kingdom 26.600 kg 7.366 kg No Report 4.491 kg 6.862 kg 6.862 kg
Sub-Total 54.032 kg 74.125 kg 50.808 kg 125.681 kg 1971.223 kg 1018.923 kg
0.734 lt. 224.970 lt. 1.000 lt. 0.310 lt. 171 u. 0.001 lt.
6 u. 3 u. 2346 u. 5 u. 764 u.
Total region 54.032 kg 177.033 kg 192.254 kg 481.061 kg 2337.813 kg 1021.324 kg
0.734 lt. 224.970 lt. 14.000 lt. 2.410 lt. 177 u. 1.601 lt.
6 u. 3 u. 2346 u. 7 u. 764 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

319
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cannabis oil
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

OCEANIA
Oceania
Australia 4.945 kg No Report 2.650 kg 0.755 lt. No Report 0.251 kg
4 u.
New Zealand No Report 4.159 kg 0.026 kg 8.305 kg 3.147 kg 1.342 kg
Sub-Total 4.945 kg 4.159 kg 2.676 kg 8.305 kg 3.147 kg 1.593 kg
0.755 lt. 4 u.
Total region 4.945 kg 4.159 kg 2.676 kg 8.305 kg 3.147 kg 1.593 kg
0.755 lt. 4 u.
TOTAL 12756.940 kg 2353.806 kg 1969.388 kg 1178.154 kg 2740.566 kg 1314.818 kg
8.877 lt. 245.136 lt. 99.664 lt. 190.557 lt. 0.260 lt. 67.604 lt.
8 u. 5 u. 2352 u. 28395 u. 193 u. 768 u.
1) Small quantity. 2) Due to unavailability of 2002 data, year 2001 data were used for analysis purposes.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

320
 4. Seizures: Cannabis

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cannabis plant
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AFRICA
East Africa
Eritrea No Report No Report No Report No Report 20.000 kg No Report
Kenya 5.565 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report 23625 u.
2226 u.
Madagascar No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 1050980.000
kg
Mauritius 41316 u. 43294 u. 45444 u. 55038 u. 30788 u. 22464 u.
Seychelles No Report No Report 30.700 kg 7.233 kg No Report 1.073 kg
Uganda No Report 9411 u. 35000 u. 54700 u. 780000 u. 1431.100 kg
Sub-Total 5.565 kg 52705 u. 30.700 kg 7.233 kg 20.000 kg 1052412.000 kg
43542 u. 80444 u. 109738 u. 810788 u. 46089 u.
North Africa
Egypt 63542820 u. 35150384 u. No Report No Report 470 u. No Report
Morocco No Report No Report No Report No Report 73810.724 kg 93206.000 kg
Sub-Total 63542820 u. 35150380 u. 73810.730 kg 93206.000 kg
470 u.
Southern Africa
Angola No Report No Report 5733 u. No Report No Report No Report
Malawi 1116.725 kg 6371.045 kg 9428.350 kg 61182.146 kg 51611.136 kg 4127.826 kg
8313 u.
Namibia No Report No Report 25 u. No Report 67 u. 949.448 kg
South Africa 243565.688 784201.063 No Report 864234.300 608330.095 754913.307
kg kg kg kg kg
Swaziland No Report 7517.000 kg 2528136 u. 36665 u. No Report No Report
Zimbabwe No Report 300.000 kg 165 u. 3555 u. 878 u. 6136 u.
2936 u.
Sub-Total 244682.400 kg 798389.100 kg 9428.350 kg 925416.400 kg 659941.300 kg 759990.600 kg
8313 u. 2936 u. 2534059 u. 40220 u. 945 u. 6136 u.
West and Central Africa
Cameroon No Report No Report No Report No Report 2649.008 kg No Report
(1
Congo 3435.000 kg No Report 10.000 kg No Report No Report No Report
Côte d'Ivoire No Report 200 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report
Gambia No Report No Report 834.982 kg No Report 700.000 kg No Report
Ghana No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 5000.000 kg
Guinea-Bissau No Report No Report No Report No Report 8.000 kg No Report
Govt.
Nigeria No Report 1712580.000 No Report No Report 270250.000 No Report
kg kg
Saint Helena 18 u. 17 u. 17 u. 6 u. 5 u. 1150 u.
Togo No Report No Report No Report 50.000 kg No Report 5.500 kg
Sub-Total 3435.000 kg 1712580.000 kg 844.982 kg 50.000 kg 273607.000 kg 5005.500 kg
18 u. 217 u. 17 u. 6 u. 5 u. 1150 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

321
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cannabis plant
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AFRICA
Total region 248123.000 kg 2510969.000 kg 10304.030 kg 925473.700 kg 1007379.000 kg 1910614.000 kg
63594690 u. 35206240 u. 2614520 u. 149964 u. 812208 u. 53375 u.
AMERICAS
Caribbean
Anguilla 48 u. 40 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report
CICAD CICAD
Antigua and No Report No Report 23384 u. 9317 u. No Report No Report
Barbuda
Bahamas No Report 99 u. No Report 1466 u. 10207 u. 110 u.
CICAD HONLC CICAD
Barbados No Report 400 u. 81 u. 1078 u. No Report No Report
Bermuda 871 u. No Report 268 u. 230 u. No Report 34 u.
British Virgin Islands No Report No Report No Report No Report 4556 u. No Report
CICAD CICAD
Dominica No Report No Report 55120 u. 123032 u. No Report No Report
CICAD HONLC
Dominican Republic 116 u. 346 u. 1991 u. 1114 u. 6578 u. 4061 u.
CICAD INCSR
Grenada No Report 6212.000 kg 12086 u. 2091 u. 6611 u. No Report
Haiti No Report No Report No Report No Report 1705.000 kg No Report
ICPO
Jamaica 6858.300 kg No Report No Report No Report 34 u. No Report
Montserrat No Report No Report No Report 1008 u. No Report No Report
CICAD CICAD CICAD INCSR
Saint Kitts and 126293 u. 36000 u. 63911 u. 34057 u. No Report No Report
Nevis
CICAD
Saint Lucia 26037 u. 69200 u. 18047 u. 83090 u. No Report No Report
CICAD CICAD CICAD
Saint Vincent and No Report 1500 u. 4760 u. 28375 u. No Report No Report
the Grenadines
CICAD INCSR
Trinidad Tobago No Report 2869850 u. 4415958 u. 7200000 u. 3122894 u. 2671600 u.
Sub-Total 6858.300 kg 6212.000 kg 4595606 u. 7484858 u. 1705.000 kg 2675805 u.
153365 u. 2977435 u. 3150880 u.
Central America
CICAD CICAD CICAD CICAD
Belize 294712.000 202803 u. 270136 u. 143000 u. 70607 u. No Report
kg
Costa Rica ** 733089 u. 2153645 u. 2048421 u. 1906454 u. 1235119 u.
El Salvador No Report No Report 4688 u. No Report 1126 u. 1158 u.
Govt.
Guatemala 587096 u. 576060 u. 594378 u. 293897 u. 418097 u. No Report
CICAD CICAD CICAD
Honduras 337322 u. 286414 u. 133680 u. 83859 u. No Report 41402 u.
CICAD CICAD
Nicaragua 24239.000 kg 833943 u. 13569 u. 83070 u. No Report 144967 u.
Panama No Report No Report 25102 u. No Report 36950 u. No Report
Sub-Total 318951.000 kg 2632309 u. 3195198 u. 2652247 u. 2433234 u. 1422646 u.
924418 u.
North America
Canada 776288 u. 1025808 u. 1304477 u. 1199423 u. 86456.827 kg 83444.072 kg
508039 u. 1405304 u.
Mexico No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 355578 u.
United States No Report No Report 497.366 kg 163.344 kg 4561.900 kg

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

F.O

F.O
Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated
F.O

* No reported figures at the time of the preparation of the report for 1997; information recently received from Gov. of Costa Rica shows
cannabis plant seizures of 176,117 (units) for 1997; 979,665 (units) for 2003.

322
 4. Seizures: Cannabis

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cannabis plant
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AMERICAS
North America
Sub-Total 776288 u. 1025808 u. 497.366 kg 163.344 kg 91018.730 kg 83444.070 kg
1304477 u. 1199423 u. 508039 u. 1760882 u.
South America
Argentina 458 u. 1296 u. 1222 u. 676 u. 1687 u. 939 u.
Bolivia 3450.000 kg No Report No Report No Report 705.536 kg No Report
Govt F.O
Brazil 2884811 u. 3371112 u. 3462158 u. 3699601 u. 3823846 u. 2594101 u.
Chile 34263 u. 956.942 kg No Report 63621 u. 98892 u. 69891 u.
759 u.
Ecuador 1 u. 126 u. 0.339 kg No Report No Report No Report
Falkland Islands No Report 1 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report
ICPO CICAD
Guyana 18993.000 kg No Report No Report 31698 u. No Report No Report
CICAD
Paraguay 2009500 u. 1415875.000 3769000 u. 1366500 u. No Report 4986000.000
kg kg
Peru 140700.000 No Report 5418.300 kg 29566.400 kg 38106.465 kg 103687.000
kg kg
2 u.
Suriname 65.838 kg 500 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report
Uruguay No Report No Report No Report 5 u. No Report 0.410 kg
246 u.
Venezuela No Report No Report No Report 26 u. No Report No Report
Sub-Total 163208.800 kg 1416832.000 kg 5418.639 kg 29566.400 kg 38812.000 kg 5089688.000 kg
4929033 u. 3373794 u. 7232380 u. 5162127 u. 3924427 u. 2665177 u.
Total region 489018.200 kg 1423044.000 kg 5916.005 kg 29729.740 kg 131535.700 kg 5173132.000 kg
6783104 u. 10009350 u. 16327660 u. 16498660 u. 10016580 u. 8524510 u.
ASIA
Central Asia and Transcaucasian countries
Armenia No Report 24.218 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
ICPO
Azerbaijan 507380.000 489000.000 405669.000 No Report 317000.000 No Report
kg kg kg kg
Kazakhstan No Report 200.077 kg 1869.000 kg No Report No Report No Report
Uzbekistan 18.930 kg 663.316 kg 238.772 kg No Report No Report 76.000 kg
Sub-Total 507398.900 kg 489887.600 kg 407776.800 kg 317000.000 kg 76.000 kg
East and South-East Asia
Brunei Darussalam 1 u. No Report No Report 6 u. No Report No Report
Hong Kong SAR, No Report No Report No Report No Report 2103.900 kg No Report
China
Indonesia 200000.000 47515 u. 78072 u. No Report 2061 u. 378982 u.
kg
132748 u.
Japan 36.922 kg 23.954 kg 26.422 kg 95.617 kg 77.020 kg 88.900 kg
2232 u. 1668 u. 50 u. 2022 u. 4917 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

323
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cannabis plant
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

ASIA
East and South-East Asia
Korea (Republic of) 31501 u. 3815 u. 10705 u. No Report 4255 u. No Report
Lao People's Dem. No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 2500.000 kg
Rep.
Mongolia No Report No Report No Report No Report 5 u. No Report
ICPO (2
Philippines No Report 518939.000 5005860 u. 2599724 u. 754223.844 4399980 u.
kg kg
Singapore No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 2.637 kg
Thailand 19951.301 kg 13401.892 kg 42996.497 kg No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 219988.200 kg 532364.900 kg 43022.920 kg 95.617 kg 756404.800 kg 2591.537 kg
166482 u. 52998 u. 5094637 u. 2599780 u. 8343 u. 4783879 u.
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
Iraq 34.812 kg 55.905 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
Jordan No Report 1.120 kg 62.525 kg 18.032 kg No Report No Report
Lebanon No Report No Report 4445.880 kg No Report 80.000 kg No Report
Qatar No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.045 kg
United Arab No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.214 kg No Report
Emirates
Sub-Total 34.812 kg 57.025 kg 4508.405 kg 18.032 kg 80.214 kg 0.045 kg
South Asia
F.O
Bangladesh No Report No Report 11826 u. 1840 u. No Report 6131 u.
India No Report No Report No Report No Report 174818.000 No Report
kg
Nepal No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 3320.000 kg
Sri Lanka 49900.000 kg 21375.000 kg 372000.000 32524.344 kg No Report 25834.000 kg
kg
Sub-Total 49900.000 kg 21375.000 kg 372000.000 kg 32524.340 kg 174818.000 kg 29154.000 kg
11826 u. 1840 u. 6131 u.
Total region 777321.900 kg 1043685.000 kg 827308.100 kg 32637.990 kg 1248303.000 kg 31821.580 kg
166482 u. 52998 u. 5106463 u. 2601620 u. 8343 u. 4790010 u.
EUROPE
Eastern Europe
Albania No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 115678 u.
Belarus No Report 117.000 kg No Report No Report No Report 7406 u.
NAPOL NAPOL NAPOL NAPOL
Bosnia Herzegovina 443 u. 1445 u. 16222 u. 451 u. No Report No Report
Bulgaria 127000.000 16000.000 kg 2742 u. 12713.026 kg 21390.000 kg 7457.240 kg
kg
10943 u. 3448 u.
Croatia 31710 u. 5131 u. 3050 u. 1739 u. 2843 u. 1828 u.
Czech Republic No Report No Report No Report No Report 343 u. 3173 u.
Estonia 72 u. 23.184 kg 41.973 kg 67.647 kg 192.062 kg 79.271 kg
92 u. 175 u. 585 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

324
 4. Seizures: Cannabis

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cannabis plant
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

EUROPE
Eastern Europe
NAPOL Govt
FYR of Macedonia No Report 1457 u. 151262 u. No Report 606 u. 815 u.
Hungary No Report 1033 u. 620.000 kg 2217 u. No Report 17.069 kg
2053 u.
Lithuania No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 68.140 kg
Poland 12105.075 kg 1904.362 kg 900.000 kg 1.008 kg 15.000 kg 1600.000 kg
Romania No Report 215.923 kg No Report No Report No Report 14904.700 kg
Serbia and No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 1391.066 kg
Montenegro
Slovakia No Report 2830.680 kg 848.797 kg No Report 817.226 kg 573.900 kg
Slovenia 44944 u. 14453 u. 8196 u. 6.011 kg 1925 u. 27.750 kg
3354 u. 9425 u.
Ukraine 6091.000 kg 5103.364 kg No Report No Report No Report 4.155 kg
Sub-Total 145196.100 kg 26194.510 kg 2410.770 kg 12787.690 kg 22414.290 kg 26123.290 kg
77169 u. 34554 u. 181647 u. 11794 u. 5717 u. 140378 u.
Western Europe
Austria No Report No Report No Report 7991 u. 35.721 kg 157.643 kg
UNODC (3
Belgium 653.000 kg 6280.000 kg 2911.166 kg 26476 u.
Cyprus 787 u. 276 u. 190 u. 493 u. 274 u. 248 u.
Denmark 2692.300 kg 949.969 kg 337.290 kg No Report No Report 683.201 kg
Finland 82.519 kg 2.334 kg 5.251 kg 14.041 kg 16.000 kg 15.500 kg
2328 u. 2900 u. 2789 u. 5325 u. 4900 u. 6385 u.
France 38115 u. 34266 u. 23287 u. 24295 u. No Report 96.671 kg
Germany 5000.000 kg 81097 u. 168833 u. 25277 u. 68696 u. 29352 u.
67065 u.
Greece 11010 u. 9967 u. 46198 u. 49985 u. 18821 u. 16232 u.
Iceland No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 3.692 kg
1207 u.
Ireland 753 u. 400 u. No Report 98 u. 365 u. 467 u.
ICPO
Italy 379851 u. 190240 u. 1306469 u. 3219414 u. 297627 u.
Liechtenstein No Report 1300.000 kg 3.686 kg 42.600 kg No Report No Report
Luxembourg No Report 222 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report
Malta 153 u. 5 u. 35 u. 22 u. 11 u. No Report
Govt Govt Govt Govt
Netherlands 553135 u. 353178 u. 582588 u. 661851 u. 844.000 kg 900381 u.
884609 u.
Norway 23.329 kg 23.041 kg 28.546 kg 18.854 kg 17.628 kg 15.922 kg
123 u.
Portugal 7982 u. 17316 u. 1184 u. 1.936 kg 3807 u. 1.751 kg
2279 u. 3135 u.
Spain 1734.002 kg 3072.938 kg 2319.031 kg 18156.043 kg 3907.120 kg 5882.218 kg
Sweden 2.426 kg 6.890 kg 39.820 kg 3.213 kg 2.789 kg
269 u. 249 u. 251 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

325
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cannabis plant
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

EUROPE
Western Europe
Switzerland 313258 u. 26813 u. 79746 u. 227476 u. 189008 u. 557262 u.
Turkey 52100620 u. 55655864 u. 19736000 u. 327.750 kg 20243988 u. 25789062 u.
29168530 u.
ICPO (4
United Kingdom 114988 u. 72040 u. 382 u. 47816 u. 71507 u. 71507 u.
Sub-Total 10187.580 kg 11635.170 kg 5644.790 kg 18564.440 kg 4823.258 kg 6856.598 kg
53590320 u. 56444580 u. 20641480 u. 31528160 u. 24705520 u. 27699340 u.
Total region 155383.700 kg 37829.680 kg 8055.560 kg 31352.130 kg 27237.550 kg 32979.890 kg
53667480 u. 56479140 u. 20823130 u. 31539950 u. 24711240 u. 27839720 u.
OCEANIA
Oceania
Australia 4445.335 kg No Report 176.150 kg 90060 u. 22973 u. 449.703 kg
295781 u.
New Zealand 266867 u. 164531 u. 173277 u. 10157 u. 90857 u. 74324 u.
Sub-Total 4445.335 kg 164531 u. 176.150 kg 100217 u. 113830 u. 449.703 kg
266867 u. 173277 u. 370105 u.
Total region 4445.335 kg 164531 u. 176.150 kg 100217 u. 113830 u. 449.703 kg
266867 u. 173277 u. 370105 u.
TOTAL 1674292.000 kg 5015527.000 kg 851759.900 kg 1019194.000 kg 2414455.000 kg 7148997.000 kg
124478600 u. 101912200 u. 45045050 u. 50890410 u. 35662200 u. 41577720 u.
1) Including cannabis seeds. 2) Includes seedlings 3) Due to unavailability of 2001 data, year 2000 data were used for analysis
purposes. 4) Due to unavailability of 2002 data, year 2001 data were used for analysis purposes.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

326
 4. Seizures: Cannabis

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cannabis seed
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AFRICA
East Africa
Mauritius No Report No Report No Report 0.076 kg No Report No Report
Somalia No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 15.000 kg
Uganda No Report 5.000 kg No Report 102.800 kg No Report No Report
Sub-Total 5.000 kg 102.876 kg 15.000 kg
North Africa
ICPO
Algeria No Report 0.930 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
Egypt 33.421 kg 11.504 kg 115.819 kg 24.323 kg No Report No Report
Sub-Total 33.421 kg 12.434 kg 115.819 kg 24.323 kg
Southern Africa
ICPO
Lesotho No Report No Report 35.280 kg No Report No Report No Report
Swaziland No Report 8.096 kg No Report 263.840 kg No Report No Report
Govt Govt Govt
Zambia 7.130 kg 38.597 kg 126.280 kg 52.261 kg 13.500 kg No Report
Zimbabwe No Report 0.200 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 7.130 kg 46.893 kg 161.560 kg 316.101 kg 13.500 kg
West and Central Africa
Saint Helena No Report 100 u. 80 u. No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 100 u. 80 u.
Total region 40.551 kg 64.327 kg 277.379 kg 443.300 kg 13.500 kg 15.000 kg
100 u. 80 u.
AMERICAS
Caribbean
Anguilla No Report 8 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report
CICAD
Dominican Republic 72 u. 1327 u. 3642 u. 679.000 kg No Report No Report
Grenada No Report 0.004 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
ICPO
Jamaica No Report No Report 452.630 kg No Report No Report No Report
Montserrat No Report No Report No Report 2500 u. No Report No Report
Saint Lucia No Report No Report No Report 0.311 kg No Report No Report
Sub-Total 72 u. 0.004 kg 452.630 kg 679.311 kg
1335 u. 3642 u. 2500 u.
Central America
Govt.
Guatemala 1.840 kg 5.100 kg 78.473 kg 24.200 kg No Report No Report
CICAD
Honduras 3.400 kg No Report No Report 2.000 kg No Report No Report
CICAD
Nicaragua 2.063 kg No Report No Report 1.000 kg No Report No Report
Sub-Total 7.303 kg 5.100 kg 78.473 kg 27.200 kg
North America
Mexico 3968.381 kg 4948.744 kg 5847.545 kg 10353.807 kg No Report
* No Report
*
United States No Report No Report 412271.587 417120.258 No Report No Report
kg kg
451 u. 102 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

* No data had been reported at the time of the preparation of the Report; data submitted subsequently showed seizures of cannabis seed of
7660.910 Kg in 2001, and 10 214.446 Kg in 2002.

327
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cannabis seed
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AMERICAS
North America
Sub-Total 3968.381 kg 4948.744 kg 418119.100 kg 427474.100 kg
451 u. 102 u.
South America
Argentina 39.440 kg 42.790 kg 0.091 kg 0.276 kg 1.255 kg No Report
1950 u.
F.O
Brazil 68.314 kg 5.179 kg 55.804 kg 99.047 kg No Report 23.000 kg
Chile No Report 0.377 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
Govt.
Colombia 120.000 kg 127.789 kg 25.214 kg 121.000 kg No Report No Report
CICAD
Paraguay 167.550 kg 503.110 kg 2130.025 kg 668.000 kg No Report No Report
Peru 9.377 kg 0.241 kg 19.041 kg 2.841 kg No Report No Report
Sub-Total 404.681 kg 679.486 kg 2230.175 kg 891.164 kg 1.255 kg 23.000 kg
1950 u.
Total region 4380.365 kg 5633.333 kg 420880.400 kg 429071.700 kg 1.255 kg 23.000 kg
72 u. 3285 u. 4093 u. 2602 u.
ASIA
Central Asia and Transcaucasian countries
Uzbekistan No Report No Report No Report 222.900 kg No Report No Report
Sub-Total 222.900 kg
East and South-East Asia
Hong Kong SAR, 8.200 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
China
Indonesia 1.218 kg 0.329 kg 1.875 kg No Report No Report No Report
Korea (Republic of) 58.789 kg No Report 46.067 kg No Report No Report No Report
ICPO
Philippines No Report 85007.000 kg 163.000 kg 28.550 kg No Report No Report
223459 u.
Thailand 12.127 kg 1.225 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 80.334 kg 85008.560 kg 210.942 kg 28.550 kg
223459 u.
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
ICPO
Bahrain No Report No Report 0.361 kg No Report No Report No Report
Jordan 0.770 kg 1.412 kg 61.461 kg 3.589 kg No Report No Report
Lebanon 20.000 kg No Report 270.000 kg 424.000 kg No Report No Report
United Arab No Report No Report No Report 0.135 kg No Report No Report
Emirates
Sub-Total 20.770 kg 1.412 kg 331.822 kg 427.724 kg
South Asia
(1
Maldives No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

328
 4. Seizures: Cannabis

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cannabis seed
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

ASIA
Total region 101.104 kg 85009.970 kg 542.764 kg 679.174 kg
223459 u.
EUROPE
Eastern Europe
ICPO
Bulgaria 1.250 kg 6.556 kg 6.768 kg 1.872 kg No Report No Report
Croatia 38037 u. 0.053 kg 0.868 kg 10437 u. No Report No Report
24133 u. 17054 u.
NAPOL Govt
FYR of Macedonia No Report 0.135 kg 0.103 kg No Report 0.120 kg 298 u.
508 u. 696 u. 186 u.
Hungary No Report No Report No Report 10.000 kg No Report No Report
Poland 300.000 kg No Report 4.016 kg 1200 u. No Report No Report
Russian Federation 0.021 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Slovakia No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 1.810 kg
Sub-Total 301.271 kg 6.744 kg 11.755 kg 11.872 kg 0.120 kg 1.810 kg
38037 u. 24641 u. 17750 u. 11637 u. 186 u. 298 u.
Western Europe
ICPO
Andorra No Report 0.576 kg 4.900 kg No Report No Report No Report
Belgium 75 u. 48.190 kg 16.250 kg No Report No Report No Report
Finland 0.364 kg 0.345 kg 0.100 kg 0.054 kg No Report No Report
369 u. 1304 u. 1150 u. 1242 u.
Italy 220.116 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
47646 u.
Malta 0.049 kg 72 u. 5 u. 4 u. No Report No Report
Portugal 53 u. 1.563 kg 38.377 kg 1.739 kg No Report 4036 u.
45 u. 201 u.
Spain 1.376 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 221.905 kg 50.674 kg 59.627 kg 1.793 kg 4036 u.
48143 u. 1376 u. 1200 u. 1447 u.
Total region 523.176 kg 57.418 kg 71.382 kg 13.665 kg 0.120 kg 1.810 kg
86180 u. 26017 u. 18950 u. 13084 u. 186 u. 4334 u.
OCEANIA
Oceania
Australia No Report No Report 4.129 kg 5.559 kg No Report No Report
New Zealand No Report 244031 u. 253609 u. No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 244031 u. 4.129 kg 5.559 kg
253609 u.
Total region 244031 u. 4.129 kg 5.559 kg
253609 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

329
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Cannabis seed
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

TOTAL 5045.195 kg 90765.060 kg 421776.000 kg 430213.400 kg 14.875 kg 39.810 kg

86252 u. 496892 u. 276732 u. 15686 u. 186 u. 4334 u.
1) Small quantity.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

330
 4. Seizures: ATS

4.4. Amphetamine-type Stimulants: Seizures 1997-2002

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002
Amphetamine-type Stimulants (excluding 'Ecstasy')
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AFRICA
East Africa
ICPO
Eritrea No Report No Report No Report 6.000 kg No Report No Report
Sub-Total 6.000 kg
North Africa
Egypt 46.565 lt. 15.348 lt. 5.222 kg 11.650 lt. No Report 10.925 lt.
94881 u. 19.023 lt. 57076 u.
Morocco No Report 49561 u. 73917 u. No Report No Report No Report
Sudan No Report No Report No Report 0.250 kg No Report No Report
38 u.
Tunisia No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 28038 u.
Sub-Total 46.565 lt. 15.348 lt. 5.222 kg 0.250 kg 10.925 lt.
94881 u. 49561 u. 19.023 lt. 11.650 lt. 28038 u.
73917 u. 57114 u.
Southern Africa
ICPO ICPO
South Africa 0.280 kg 527 u. 369 u. 0.013 kg 59078 u. 1.259 kg
924 u. 2294 u.
Govt Govt Govt Govt
Zambia 0.050 kg 0.000 kg 0.018 kg 0.000 kg 270 u. No Report
Zimbabwe No Report 15.729 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 0.330 kg 15.729 kg 0.018 kg 0.013 kg 59348 u. 1.259 kg
527 u. 369 u. 924 u. 2294 u.
West and Central Africa
ICPO
Burkina Faso 40750 u. No Report No Report No Report 2.851 kg No Report
Cameroon No Report No Report No Report No Report 1000 u. 23 u.
ICPO
Chad No Report No Report 1620 u. 180000 u. No Report No Report
ICPO
Côte d'Ivoire No Report 6385 u. 56.131 kg 0.200 kg 0.124 kg 66373 u.
Gambia No Report No Report 328 u. No Report 3.000 kg No Report
ICPO ICPO
Niger 186574 u. No Report 556537 u. No Report No Report No Report
Nigeria 309.525 kg No Report 322.071 kg 0.580 kg No Report No Report
Togo No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 1.160 kg
Sub-Total 309.525 kg 6385 u. 378.202 kg 0.780 kg 5.975 kg 1.160 kg
227324 u. 558485 u. 180000 u. 1000 u. 66396 u.
Total region 309.855 kg 15.729 kg 383.442 kg 7.043 kg 5.975 kg 2.419 kg
46.565 lt. 15.348 lt. 19.023 lt. 11.650 lt. 60348 u. 10.925 lt.
322205 u. 56473 u. 632771 u. 238038 u. 96728 u.
AMERICAS
Caribbean
ICPO CICAD
Bahamas 0.200 kg No Report No Report 60.000 kg No Report No Report
ICPO
Bermuda No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 65 u.
ICPO
Cayman Islands No Report 0.040 kg 0.001 kg No Report No Report No Report
120 u.
F.O
Netherlands Antilles No Report 541.000 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

331
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Amphetamine-type Stimulants (excluding 'Ecstasy')
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AMERICAS
Caribbean
Sub-Total 0.200 kg 541.040 kg 0.001 kg 60.000 kg 65 u.
120 u.
Central America
(1
Costa Rica No Report No Report No Report 195 u. 468 u. 0.005 kg
Sub-Total 195 u. 468 u. 0.005 kg
North America
Canada 2.260 kg 0.590 kg 20.218 kg 29.482 kg 53.231 kg 31.603 kg
0.225 lt. 54.500 lt. 2.306 lt. 2.798 lt. 57798 u. 4673 u.
11207 u. 4970 u. 8815 u.
Mexico 38.891 kg 98.391 kg 926.011 kg 714.920 kg 417.944 kg 459.056 kg
880 u.
United States 1428.798 kg 1824.363 kg 2641.000 kg 2451.383 kg 2857.600 kg 1107.205 kg
84.942 lt. 215.776 lt. 20217 u. 226.682 lt. 5494617 u. 217437 u.
3747486 u. 411768 u. 43096 u.
Sub-Total 1469.949 kg 1923.344 kg 3587.229 kg 3195.785 kg 3328.775 kg 1597.864 kg
85.167 lt. 270.276 lt. 2.306 lt. 229.480 lt. 5552415 u. 222110 u.
3747486 u. 422975 u. 26067 u. 51911 u.
South America
Argentina 504 u. 600 u. 4103 u. 10134 u. 3991 u. 430 u.
ICPO
Brazil No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 201 u.
CICAD
Chile 55686 u. 0.011 kg 104523 u. 11287 u. 22225 u. 2861 u.
6973 u.
Peru No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.063 kg No Report
709 u.
Sub-Total 56190 u. 0.011 kg 108626 u. 21421 u. 0.063 kg 3492 u.
7573 u. 26925 u.
Total region 1470.149 kg 2464.395 kg 3587.230 kg 3255.785 kg 3328.838 kg 1597.869 kg
85.167 lt. 270.276 lt. 2.306 lt. 229.480 lt. 5579808 u. 225667 u.
3803676 u. 430668 u. 134693 u. 73527 u.
ASIA
Central Asia and Transcaucasian countries
ICPO
Armenia 0.040 lt. No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
ICPO
Georgia No Report No Report No Report 0.013 kg No Report No Report
Kyrgyzstan 0.020 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
ICPO
Uzbekistan 0.430 kg No Report 0.031 kg No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 0.450 kg 0.031 kg 0.013 kg
0.040 lt.
East and South-East Asia
Brunei Darussalam 0.123 kg 0.237 kg 1.197 kg 1.648 kg 0.661 kg 0.248 kg
375 u.
ICPO
Cambodia 13928 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

332
 4. Seizures: ATS

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Amphetamine-type Stimulants (excluding 'Ecstasy')
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

ASIA
East and South-East Asia
ICPO ICPO
China 1334.000 kg 1608.000 kg 16059.000 kg 20900.000 kg 4800.000 kg 3190.000 kg
Govt.
Hong Kong SAR, 73.600 kg 232.700 kg No Report 87.600 kg 63.100 kg 71.565 kg
China
3461 u. 7879 u. 214776 u. 84203 u.
HNLP
Indonesia 5.621 kg 7.761 kg 218.625 kg 88.163 kg 48.793 kg 46.580 kg
29511 u. 5355 u. 421246 u.
ICPO
Japan 173.526 kg 549.702 kg 1994.459 kg 1030.580 kg 419.175 kg 446.000 kg
2.203 lt. 0.788 lt. 0.589 lt. 0.471 lt. 142 u. 0.195 lt.
1415 u. 1 u. 4589 u. 954 u. 51830 u.
ICPO ICPO
Korea (Republic of) 24.872 kg 28.311 kg 29.233 kg 4.500 kg 169.562 kg 36.817 kg
9240 u. 2095 u.
Govt. HNLP Govt Govt
Lao People's Dem. 774714 u. No Report 1793202 u. 1957929 u. 851619 u. 151750 u.
Rep.
ICPO ICPO
Macau SAR, China No Report 0.073 kg No Report 0.272 kg 0.035 kg 1.108 kg
187 u. 785 u. 1732 u. 3867 u.
ICPO
Malaysia 2.000 kg No Report 5.411 kg 208.100 kg No Report 6.046 kg
329265 u. 195387 u. 419216 u.
ICPO
Mongolia No Report No Report 0.100 kg No Report 4 u. No Report
Myanmar 5028600 u. 16026688 u. 22.058 kg 6.398 kg 33103548 u. 431.200 kg
28887514 u. 26759772 u. 9399794 u.
ICPO Govt
Philippines 694.480 kg 312.929 kg 943.700 kg 989.760 kg 1777.642 kg 914.335 kg
2.000 lt. 85.730 lt. 30.000 lt.
Singapore 0.090 kg 1.711 kg 1.300 kg 0.759 kg 2.175 kg 52243 u.
8141 u. 4470 u. 1380 u. 24723 u. 19935 u.
PRESS PRESS PRESS
Taiwan province, 2256.000 kg No Report No Report 836.000 kg 1156.000 kg No Report
China
F.O F.O F.O HNLP F.O ICPO
Thailand 2183.000 kg 3013.000 kg 4517.000 kg 7557.000 kg 8338.000 kg 8662.223 kg
84000000 u.
ICPO ICPO
Viet Nam No Report No Report 6025 u. 13876 u. 72391 u. No Report
Sub-Total 6747.312 kg 5754.424 kg 23792.080 kg 31710.780 kg 16775.140 kg 13806.120 kg
4.203 lt. 86.518 lt. 0.589 lt. 30.471 lt. 34271980 u. 0.195 lt.
5830259 u. 16031350 u. 31051480 u. 112970500 u. 10584150 u.
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
ICPO ICPO
Bahrain No Report 28 u. No Report 0.005 kg No Report 0.001 kg
645233 u.
ICPO ICPO
Israel 30807 u. No Report 190 u. 131 u. 0.014 kg 0.001 kg
424 u.
ICPO
Jordan 0.290 kg 262071 u. 518813 u. 5817798 u. 1405872 u. 1512750 u.
2794059 u.
ICPO
Kuwait No Report No Report No Report 110000 u. No Report No Report
ICPO ICPO ICPO
Lebanon No Report No Report 359 u. 41616 u. No Report 989 u.
Pakistan No Report No Report No Report 20.000 kg No Report No Report
ICPO ICPO ICPO ICPO
Qatar 1026 u. 220 u. 14 u. 448 u. No Report 6081 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

333
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Amphetamine-type Stimulants (excluding 'Ecstasy')
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

ASIA
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
ICPO ICPO (2 ICPO
Saudi Arabia 10852279 u. 3553231 u. 7549665 u. 9698370 u. 1.000 kg 10409161 u.
6715652 u.
(2 Govt (2
Syrian Arab 2463977 u. No Report 1470831 u. 1159065 u. 1911796 u. 3062393 u.
Republic
ICPO
United Arab No Report No Report No Report 0.107 kg 0.176 kg 0.037 kg
Emirates
2 u.
ICPO ICPO ICPO ICPO
Yemen 3704 u. 972 u. 3020 u. 0.005 kg No Report No Report
3754 u.
Sub-Total 0.290 kg 3816522 u. 9542892 u. 20.117 kg 1.190 kg 0.040 kg
16145850 u. 16831180 u. 10033320 u. 15637030 u.
South Asia
ICPO
India No Report No Report No Report 3.000 kg 0.965 kg No Report
Maldives No Report No Report 0.001 kg No Report 6 u. No Report
Nepal No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.023 kg
Sub-Total 0.001 kg 3.000 kg 0.965 kg 0.023 kg
6 u.
Total region 6748.052 kg 5754.424 kg 23792.120 kg 31733.910 kg 16777.300 kg 13806.190 kg
4.243 lt. 86.518 lt. 0.589 lt. 30.471 lt. 44305300 u. 0.195 lt.
21976110 u. 19847870 u. 40594380 u. 129801700 u. 26221180 u.
EUROPE
Eastern Europe
ICPO
Albania No Report No Report 0.009 kg No Report No Report 10 u.
ICPO
Belarus No Report 0.282 kg 1.644 kg 1.267 kg No Report 18.546 kg
ICPO
Bosnia Herzegovina No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 117.000 kg
(2
Bulgaria 134.293 kg 150 u. 87.192 kg 209.930 kg 64.676 kg 173.950 kg
22928 u. 18491 u. 760 u. 135347 u.
Croatia 1.255 kg 0.765 kg 1.110 kg 2.124 kg 0.931 kg 28.026 kg
1596 u. 9106 u. 15429 u.
ICPO. ICPO
Czech Republic 0.617 kg 76.500 kg 21.400 kg 13.234 kg 23.130 kg 4.715 kg
56 u. 673 u. 132 u.
Estonia 0.725 kg 1.955 kg 11.507 kg 26.692 kg 25.300 kg 35.119 kg
0.078 lt. 971 u. 2707 u. 955 u. 1023 u.
FYR of Macedonia No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 7.015 kg
Govt.
Hungary 12.326 kg 7.605 kg 9.257 kg 10.000 kg 1.740 kg 3.731 kg
19 u. 232 u.
ICPO
Latvia 0.370 kg 1.395 kg 0.493 kg 0.853 kg 3.551 kg No Report
1.700 lt. 1114 u.
2671 u.
Lithuania 0.205 kg 0.013 kg 0.077 kg 19.492 kg 6.886 kg 4.542 kg
1.348 lt. 0.994 lt. 0.486 lt. 0.482 lt. 229 u.
5641 u. 142 u. 2297 u. 42 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

334
 4. Seizures: ATS

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Amphetamine-type Stimulants (excluding 'Ecstasy')
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

EUROPE
Eastern Europe
Poland 27.150 kg 51.503 kg 51.453 kg 141.600 kg 194.960 kg 161.516 kg
ICPO
Republic of Moldova 20.607 kg No Report 0.105 lt. No Report No Report No Report
1034 u.
ICPO
Romania 3289 u. No Report 10546 u. 15874 u. 11663 u. 0.999 kg
F.O F.O F.O (3 ICPO
Russian Federation No Report 34.000 kg 40.500 kg 9.000 kg 13.513 kg 37.640 kg
Serbia and No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.087 kg No Report
Montenegro
Slovakia 0.094 kg 9.717 kg 0.131 kg 0.281 kg 0.571 kg 0.331 kg
35 u. 22 u.
ICPO
Slovenia 1.410 kg 0.339 kg 0.625 kg 0.218 kg 0.064 kg 0.030 kg
267 u. 818 u. 28546 u. 98 u. 390 u.
Ukraine 39.500 kg 2.482 kg No Report No Report 0.716 kg No Report
Sub-Total 238.552 kg 186.556 kg 225.398 kg 434.691 kg 336.125 kg 593.159 kg
1.426 lt. 2.694 lt. 0.591 lt. 0.482 lt. 12540 u. 137363 u.
11616 u. 13342 u. 55420 u. 65022 u.
Western Europe
ICPO ICPO
Andorra No Report 143 u. 43 u. 0.004 kg No Report 0.004 kg
42 u.
Austria 7895 u. 9763 u. 5165 u. 0.450 kg 2.918 kg 9.491 kg
1452 u.
ICPO UNODC (4
Belgium 77.000 kg 445.000 kg 325.070 kg 75.140 kg 75.140 kg 500.000 kg
511 u. 271080 u. 489566 u. 18397 u. 18397 u.
ICPO ICPO
Cyprus 0.050 kg No Report 0.012 kg 0.005 kg 0.004 kg 0.123 kg
1 u.
Denmark 119.400 kg 25.236 kg 31.600 kg 57.136 kg 160.640 kg 35.256 kg
Finland 22.189 kg 24.784 kg 140.464 kg 79.565 kg 137.730 kg 129.200 kg
1101 u. 1003 u. 17665 u. 14967 u.
France 194.047 kg 165.122 kg 232.941 kg 676.834 kg 57.420 kg 168.050 kg
198941 u. 1142226 u. 2283620 u.
ICPO
Germany 233.633 kg 309.602 kg 360.000 kg 271.200 kg 262.539 kg 361.720 kg
Greece 0.034 kg 0.003 kg 1.380 kg 2.008 kg 0.078 kg 0.500 kg
958 u. 5 u. 257 u. 30109 u. 8 u. 1789 u.
Iceland No Report No Report 5.078 kg 10.267 kg 0.132 kg 7.161 kg
ICPO
Ireland 102.585 kg 43.162 kg 13.300 kg 5.040 kg 17.955 kg 16.473 kg
22191 u. 46538 u. 12015 u. 568952 u. 12728 u.
ICPO
Italy 0.384 kg 2.454 kg 5.131 kg 0.197 kg 0.924 kg 2.099 kg
10950 u. 2309 u. 16115 u. 77299 u. 327 u. 341 u.
Liechtenstein No Report No Report No Report No Report 12 u. 0.003 kg
ICPO ICPO ICPO ICPO
Luxembourg 0.010 kg No Report 0.016 kg 0.157 kg No Report 0.006 kg
(5
Malta 0.060 kg No Report No Report 45 u. No Report No Report
100 u.
Govt Govt Govt Govt
Netherlands 815.000 kg 1450.000 kg 853.000 kg 293.000 kg 579.000 kg 481.000 kg
102240 u. 242409 u. 45847 u. 1028 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

335
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Amphetamine-type Stimulants (excluding 'Ecstasy')
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

EUROPE
Western Europe
Norway 93.241 kg 207.999 kg 52.110 kg 95.506 kg 106.936 kg 232.566 kg
6056 u. 1147 u. 2565 u. 11912 u.
(6
Portugal 0.019 kg 1131 u. 0.087 kg 0.029 kg 0.001 kg 0.640 kg
549 u. 31393 u. 22 u. 35 u. 34 u.
Spain 119.584 kg 176.985 kg 49.538 kg 23.412 kg 18.700 kg 55.642 kg
182.000 lt. 29711 u. 31427 u.
ICPO
Sweden 187.374 kg 134.714 kg 120.310 kg 107.039 kg 253.161 kg 350.300 kg
16057 u. 1099 u.
Switzerland 7.981 kg No Report 10.700 kg 39.105 kg 4.608 kg 10.433 kg
(2
Turkey 1020130 u. No Report 4244493 u. 295037 u. 1090486 u. 1294285 u.
ICPO (7
United Kingdom 3295.700 kg 1807.847 kg 1194.938 kg 1772.344 kg 1716.626 kg 1716.626 kg
25021 u. 6541808 u.
Sub-Total 5268.291 kg 4792.908 kg 3395.675 kg 3508.438 kg 3394.512 kg 4077.293 kg
1381623 u. 1716607 u. 182.000 lt. 9817888 u. 1156508 u. 1353587 u.
4894735 u.
Total region 5506.843 kg 4979.464 kg 3621.073 kg 3943.129 kg 3730.636 kg 4670.453 kg
1.426 lt. 2.694 lt. 182.591 lt. 0.482 lt. 1169048 u. 1490950 u.
1393239 u. 1729949 u. 4950155 u. 9882910 u.
OCEANIA
Oceania
Govt. (8 (8 (9 (9
Australia 202.814 kg 182.220 kg 276.288 kg 427.312 kg 876.006 kg 1283.046 kg
ICPO
Fiji No Report No Report No Report 0.333 kg No Report No Report
New Zealand No Report 1.340 kg 1.104 kg 10.175 kg 4.170 kg 7.439 kg
1400 u. 103 u. 523 u.
Sub-Total 202.814 kg 183.560 kg 277.392 kg 437.820 kg 880.176 kg 1290.485 kg
1400 u. 103 u. 523 u.
Total region 202.814 kg 183.560 kg 277.392 kg 437.820 kg 880.176 kg 1290.485 kg
1400 u. 103 u. 523 u.
TOTAL 14237.710 kg 13397.570 kg 31661.250 kg 39377.690 kg 24722.920 kg 21367.410 kg
137.401 lt. 374.836 lt. 204.509 lt. 272.083 lt. 51114510 u. 11.120 lt.
27495230 u. 22064960 u. 46313400 u. 139996300 u. 28035050 u.
1) Ketamine 2) Captagon 3) Including other hallucinogens. 4) Due to unavailability of 2001 data, year 2000 data were used for
analysis purposes. 5) Duromine 6) Small quantity. 7) Due to unavailability of 2002 data, year 2001 data were used for analysis
purposes. 8) Provisional figures. 9) Includes ecstasy

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

336
 4. Seizures: ATS

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Ecstasy (MDA, MDEA, MDMA)*
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AFRICA
North Africa
Egypt No Report No Report No Report 3372 u. 70080 u. 785 u.
Sub-Total 3372 u. 70080 u. 785 u.
Southern Africa
ICPO
Lesotho No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 1.884 kg
Namibia No Report No Report 74 u. 157 u. 546 u. 49 u.
ICPO
South Africa No Report No Report 30132 u. 1.177 kg 95792 u. 14.540 kg
297021 u. 424258 u.
Zimbabwe No Report No Report 3 u. No Report 6 u. 58 u.
Sub-Total 30209 u. 1.177 kg 96344 u. 16.424 kg
297178 u. 424365 u.
Total region 0.030 kg 561.757 kg 523.613 kg 123.397 kg
31082 u. 12208530 u. 9694573 u. 8109053 u.
AMERICAS
Caribbean
F.O F.O F.O ICPO
Aruba No Report No Report 873 u. 85279 u. 59874 u. 19445 u.
Bahamas No Report No Report No Report 63.000 kg 0.023 kg 0.027 kg
0 u.
F.O
Bermuda No Report No Report No Report No Report 153 u. 65 u.
F.O
Cayman Islands No Report No Report 0.030 kg 80 u. No Report 120 u.
ICPO
Cuba No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.001 kg
F.O HONLC
Dominican Republic No Report No Report No Report 125073 u. 30903 u. 153605 u.
F.O F.O
Guadeloupe No Report No Report No Report 25540 u. 500 u. No Report
ICPO
Jamaica No Report No Report No Report No Report 5070 u. 79 u.
ICPO F.O ICPO
Netherlands Antilles No Report No Report No Report 15.464 kg 20465 u. 94 u.
F.O
Puerto Rico No Report No Report No Report No Report 1977 u. No Report
Sub-Total 0.030 kg 78.464 kg 0.023 kg 0.028 kg
873 u. 235972 u. 118942 u. 173408 u.
Central America
Costa Rica No Report No Report No Report 46 u. 87 u. 83 u.
Nicaragua No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 19886 u.
HONLC
Panama No Report No Report No Report 2256 u. 22166 u. 934 u.
Sub-Total 2302 u. 22253 u. 20903 u.
North America
ICPO
Canada No Report No Report No Report 449.814 kg 421.590 kg 74.992 kg
2069709 u. 846973 u. 177450 u.
ICPO
Mexico No Report No Report No Report 32.302 kg 102.000 kg 31.953 kg
United States No Report No Report No Report 9600000 u. 8539981 u. 7312142 u.
Sub-Total

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

ICPO

337
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Ecstasy (MDA, MDEA, MDMA)
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AMERICAS
South America
ICPO
Argentina No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 430 u.
ICPO Govt F.O
Brazil No Report No Report 59612 u. 36796 u. 1909 u. 15804 u.
ICPO
Chile No Report No Report No Report 140 u. 2626 u. 458 u.
Colombia No Report No Report 1022 u. 83.000 kg No Report 175382 u.
HONLC
Ecuador No Report No Report No Report No Report 7 u. 185.000 kg
F.O F.O
Guyana No Report No Report 626 u. 124 u. No Report No Report
Peru No Report No Report No Report No Report 35 u. 78 u.
CICAD INCSR
Suriname No Report 3000 u. No Report 61232 u. No Report 80 u.
Uruguay No Report No Report 84 u. 738 u. No Report 31 u.
CICAD
Venezuela No Report No Report No Report 7985 u. 2 u. 16010 u.
Sub-Total 3000 u. 61344 u. 83.000 kg 4579 u. 185.000 kg
107015 u. 208273 u.
Total region 3000 u. 0.030 kg 643.580 kg 523.613 kg 291.973 kg
62217 u. 12015000 u. 9532728 u. 7892176 u.
ASIA
East and South-East Asia
Brunei Darussalam No Report No Report 32 u. No Report No Report 10 u.
HNLP ICPO
China No Report No Report No Report 200.000 kg 2700000 u. 3000000 u.
240000 u.
ICPO
Hong Kong SAR, No Report No Report 21202 u. 58.800 kg 0.032 kg 0.053 kg
China
378621 u. 170243 u. 48840 u.
ICPO
Indonesia No Report No Report 29510 u. No Report No Report 84224 u.
ICPO
Japan No Report No Report No Report 77528 u. 0.121 kg 2.600 kg
112542 u. 156076 u.
ICPO
Korea (Republic of) No Report No Report No Report No Report 1672 u. 39011 u.
ICPO
Macau SAR, China No Report No Report No Report 2453 u. 1687 u. 672 u.
ICPO ICPO
Malaysia No Report No Report 55975 u. 49901 u. No Report 164884 u.
Philippines No Report No Report No Report 1026 u. No Report 246 u.
Singapore No Report No Report 4.070 kg 10339 u. 0.257 kg 7331 u.
17232 u. 23846 u.
HNLP HNLP F.O HNLP F.O F.O
Thailand 80047 u. 5878 u. 30615 u. 72182 u. 61922 u. 145873 u.
Sub-Total 80047 u. 5878 u. 4.070 kg 258.800 kg 0.410 kg 2.653 kg
154566 u. 832050 u. 3071912 u. 3647167 u.
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
ICPO
Israel No Report No Report 130.687 kg 270000 u. 1.504 kg 4.454 kg
30335 u. 121695 u. 951057 u.
ICPO
Jordan No Report No Report 5000 u. No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 130.687 kg 270000 u. 1.504 kg 4.454 kg
35335 u. 121695 u. 951057 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

338
 4. Seizures: ATS

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Ecstasy (MDA, MDEA, MDMA)*
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

ASIA
Total region 80047 u. 5878 u. 134.757 kg 258.800 kg 1.914 kg 7.107 kg
189901 u. 1102050 u. 3193607 u. 4598224 u.
EUROPE
Eastern Europe
ICPO
Belarus No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.536 kg
ICPO
Bosnia Herzegovina No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 1212 u.
Govt
Bulgaria No Report No Report No Report 4524 u. 7.900 kg 1.500 kg
2361 u. 3135 u.
ICPO
Croatia No Report No Report 15421 u. 9979 u. 12906 u. 110632 u.
Czech Republic No Report No Report No Report 17502 u. 29.890 kg 1.893 kg
88391 u.
ICPO
Estonia No Report No Report 1770 u. 0.431 kg 1.714 kg 3.402 kg
1351 u.
NAPOL NAPOL NAPOL NAPOL Govt
FYR of Macedonia 184 u. 787 u. 5532 u. 280 u. 45 u. 0.002 kg
18341 u.
Hungary No Report No Report 466 u. 13616 u. 0.260 kg 5.575 kg
18301 u. 23730 u.
ICPO
Latvia No Report No Report 0.749 kg No Report 1620 u. No Report
17 u.
ICPO ICPO
Lithuania No Report No Report 1122 u. 50724 u. 0.045 kg 0.003 kg
514 u. 1205 u.
Poland No Report No Report 6319 u. 129513 u. 232735 u. 38179 u.
ICPO
Romania No Report No Report No Report 10945 u. 67210 u. 0.007 kg
19567 u.
Russian Federation No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.850 kg No Report
Serbia and No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.079 kg 10000 u.
Montenegro
10811 u.
ICPO
Slovakia No Report No Report 9 u. 493 u. 0.568 kg 435 u.
ICPO
Slovenia No Report No Report 1749 u. 0.053 kg 1852 u. 7877 u.
27974 u.
ICPO ICPO
Ukraine No Report No Report 1.349 kg 0.305 kg 47 u. No Report
18888 u. 4784 u.
Sub-Total 184 u. 787 u. 2.098 kg 0.789 kg 41.306 kg 12.918 kg
51293 u. 271685 u. 348402 u. 322704 u.
Western Europe
ICPO ICPO ICPO
Andorra No Report No Report 43 u. 283 u. 85 u. 42 u.
Austria No Report No Report 31129 u. 162.093 kg 256299 u. 0.099 kg
383451 u.
ICPO ICPO UNODC (1
Belgium No Report No Report 266.460 kg 37.000 kg 37.000 kg 1564.000 kg
467477 u. 818515 u. 818515 u.
Cyprus No Report No Report 0.001 kg 0.005 kg 0.004 kg 0.273 kg
62 u. 3317 u. 2910 u. 10253 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

339
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Ecstasy (MDA, MDEA, MDMA)*
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

EUROPE
Western Europe
Denmark No Report No Report 26117 u. 21608 u. 150080 u. 25738 u.
ICPO
Finland No Report No Report 16578 u. 87393 u. 81228 u. 45065 u.
HNLP
France No Report No Report 1860402 u. 2283620 u. 1503773 u. 2156937 u.
Govt
Germany No Report No Report 1470507 u. 1634683 u. 4576504 u. 3207099 u.
Greece No Report No Report 2815 u. 53557 u. 58845 u. 28430 u.
Iceland No Report No Report 7478 u. 22057 u. 93151 u. 0.006 kg
814 u.
ICPO
Ireland No Report No Report 74.609 kg 695133 u. 469862 u. 0.153 kg
266462 u. 117046 u.
ICPO
Italy No Report No Report 272288 u. 501986 u. 0.285 kg 0.006 kg
308845 u. 397566 u.
Liechtenstein No Report No Report No Report 10 u. No Report 0.001 kg
ICPO ICPO
Luxembourg No Report No Report 357 u. 318 u. No Report 1139 u.
ICPO
Malta No Report No Report 459 u. 5191 u. 2242 u. 1012 u.
ICPO ICPO
Monaco No Report No Report 3 u. 5 u. No Report 55 u.
Govt Govt Govt Govt
Netherlands 703.289 kg 1163514 u. 3663608 u. 632.000 kg 113.000 kg 849.000 kg
870980 u. 5500000 u. 8684505 u. 6787167 u.
Norway No Report No Report 0.025 kg 0.114 kg 0.117 kg 0.077 kg
24644 u. 49208 u. 61205 u. 102409 u.
Govt
Portugal No Report No Report 0.086 kg 1.089 kg 0.088 kg 1.675 kg
31319 u. 25499 u. 126451 u. 222466 u.
ICPO
Spain No Report No Report 357649 u. 891562 u. 860164 u. 1396142 u.
ICPO
Sweden No Report No Report No Report 0.262 kg 0.314 kg 96577 u.
184161 u. 57750 u.
(2
Switzerland No Report No Report No Report 189569 u. 86959 u. 88342 u.
Govt.
Turkey No Report No Report No Report 33894 u. 121508 u. 98989 u.
NCIS (3
United Kingdom No Report No Report 6323500 u. 6534813 u. 7662228 u. 7662228 u.
Sub-Total 703.289 kg 1163514 u. 341.181 kg 832.563 kg 150.808 kg 2415.290 kg
870980 u. 14822900 u. 19536380 u. 25983110 u. 22828970 u.
Total region 703.289 kg 1164301 u. 343.279 kg 833.352 kg 192.114 kg 2428.208 kg
871164 u. 14874190 u. 19808070 u. 26331510 u. 23151670 u.
OCEANIA
Oceania
Govt. (4 Govt.
Australia No Report No Report 55.521 kg No Report 338.400 kg 722.000 kg
New Zealand No Report No Report No Report 0.072 kg 3.000 lt. 256350 u.
8798 u. 83449 u.
Sub-Total 55.521 kg 0.072 kg 338.400 kg 722.000 kg
8798 u. 3.000 lt. 256350 u.
83449 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

340
 4. Seizures: ATS

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Ecstasy (MDA, MDEA, MDMA)*
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

OCEANIA
Total region 55.521 kg 0.072 kg 338.400 kg 722.000 kg
8798 u. 3.000 lt. 256350 u.
83449 u.
TOTAL 703.289 kg 1173179 u. 533.617 kg 2298.738 kg 1579.653 kg 3589.110 kg
951211 u. 15187600 u. 45443000 u. 3.000 lt. 44432620 u.
49002290 u.
1) Due to unavailability of 2001 data, year 2000 data were used for analysis purposes. 2) Includes ecstasy 3) Due to unavailability
of 2002 data, year 2001 data were used for analysis purposes. 4) Fiscal year
* General reporting of ecstasy started only in the year 2000.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

341
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Depressants (excluding Methaqualone)
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AFRICA
East Africa
Kenya No Report 9060 u. No Report 272 u. No Report 157 u.
Mauritius 1886 u. 11694 u. 952 u. 1758 u. No Report 2781 u.
Sub-Total 1886 u. 20754 u. 952 u. 2030 u. 2938 u.
North Africa
ICPO
Algeria No Report No Report 110786 u. 100555 u. No Report 244214 u.
Egypt No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 85064 u.
Govt.
Morocco 36236 u. No Report No Report 71672 u. No Report 60458 u.
Tunisia No Report 4439 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 36236 u. 4439 u. 110786 u. 172227 u. 389736 u.
Southern Africa
ICPO
Botswana No Report No Report 0.073 kg No Report No Report No Report
500 u.
ICPO
Mozambique No Report 5080 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report
ICPO
South Africa No Report No Report No Report 0.025 kg No Report 0.316 kg
3026 u. 6437 u.
Govt Govt Govt Govt
Zambia 0.800 kg 0.908 kg 4140 u. 0.000 kg 0.064 kg No Report
3522 u.
Zimbabwe No Report 43.640 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 0.800 kg 44.548 kg 0.073 kg 0.025 kg 0.064 kg 0.316 kg
5080 u. 4640 u. 3026 u. 3522 u. 6437 u.
West and Central Africa
Govt.
Benin 24 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Cameroon No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 40 u.
ICPO
Chad No Report No Report 5360 u. 961230 u. No Report No Report
Congo No Report No Report No Report 0.003 kg No Report 2 u.
ICPO
Côte d'Ivoire 71.500 kg 23.600 kg 66.690 kg 48.646 kg 298.041 kg 247356 u.
44699 u. 9367 u.
ICPO
Gambia No Report 4500 u. No Report No Report 3.000 kg No Report
ICPO ICPO
Niger No Report 679484 u. 367823 u. No Report No Report No Report
Nigeria 1426.487 kg No Report No Report 134.690 kg 282.454 kg No Report
ICPO ICPO ICPO
Senegal No Report 4063 u. 4737 u. 310 u. No Report No Report
Sub-Total 1497.987 kg 23.600 kg 66.690 kg 183.339 kg 583.495 kg 247398 u.
44723 u. 697414 u. 377920 u. 961540 u.
Total region 1498.787 kg 68.148 kg 66.763 kg 183.364 kg 583.559 kg 0.316 kg
82845 u. 727687 u. 494298 u. 1138823 u. 3522 u. 646509 u.
AMERICAS
Caribbean
Cayman Islands No Report No Report 0.001 kg 1 u. No Report No Report
ICPO
Dominican Republic No Report No Report 8 u. No Report 50 u. No Report

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

342
 4. Seizures: ATS

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Depressants (excluding Methaqualone)
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AMERICAS
Caribbean
Sub-Total 0.001 kg 1 u. 50 u.
8 u.
Central America
ICPO ICPO
El Salvador No Report 40000 u. No Report 0.010 kg No Report No Report
22964 u.
Guatemala No Report 52.000 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
Honduras 1 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 1 u. 52.000 kg 0.010 kg
40000 u. 22964 u.
North America
(1
Canada 0.880 kg 0.934 kg 0.726 kg 173.865 kg 5.321 kg 7.497 kg
0.120 lt. 0.686 lt. 2.439 lt. 4.511 lt. 18684 u. 25017 u.
122359 u. 12033 u. 8355 u. 10921 u.
ICPO
Mexico 117104 u. 1484000 u. 182604 u. 734281 u. 823726 u. 5353064 u.
United States 0.026 kg No Report 2.646 kg 0.508 kg 53385 u. 254975 u.
0.867 lt. 403724 u. 0.021 lt.
709685 u. 3338 u.
Sub-Total 0.906 kg 0.934 kg 3.372 kg 174.373 kg 5.321 kg 7.497 kg
0.987 lt. 0.686 lt. 2.439 lt. 4.532 lt. 895795 u. 5633056 u.
949148 u. 1496033 u. 594683 u. 748540 u.
South America
Argentina 5759 u. 13125 u. 8055 u. 11779 u. 4795 u. 24028 u.
CICAD
Chile No Report 0.002 kg 19813 u. 6993 u. 9341 u. 34882 u.
2545 u.
Uruguay No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 4 u.
Sub-Total 5759 u. 0.002 kg 27868 u. 18772 u. 14136 u. 58914 u.
15670 u.
Total region 0.906 kg 52.936 kg 3.373 kg 174.383 kg 5.321 kg 7.497 kg
0.987 lt. 0.686 lt. 2.439 lt. 4.532 lt. 909981 u. 5691970 u.
954908 u. 1551703 u. 622559 u. 790277 u.
ASIA
Central Asia and Transcaucasian countries
ICPO
Armenia No Report No Report 1209 u. No Report No Report No Report
ICPO ICPO ICPO
Georgia No Report 180 u. 0.018 kg 0.444 kg No Report No Report
1060 u.
Kazakhstan No Report No Report 56.000 kg No Report No Report No Report
Uzbekistan 970 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report 13774 u.
Sub-Total 970 u. 180 u. 56.018 kg 0.444 kg 13774 u.
2269 u.
East and South-East Asia
Brunei Darussalam 3227 u. No Report 53 u. 1 u. 1 u. 232 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

343
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Depressants (excluding Methaqualone)
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

ASIA
East and South-East Asia
Govt. (2 ICPO (1
Hong Kong SAR, 512832 u. 162850 u. 12.208 kg 0.090 kg 2.000 kg 0.007 kg
China
1134461 u. 77862 u. 390550 u. 0.020 lt.
1155 u.
ICPO
Indonesia No Report 17793 u. 372494 u. No Report 37545 u. No Report
Japan 56895 u. 0.024 kg 0.003 lt. 0.003 kg 0.002 kg 93733 u.
0.010 lt. 97310 u. 32358 u. 20545 u.
141455 u.
ICPO
Korea (Republic of) 681233 u. 1452896 u. 1030567 u. 2176 u. No Report No Report
ICPO
Macau SAR, China No Report 4937 u. No Report 19421 u. 2583 u. 2374 u.
Myanmar No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 347662 u.
(3
Philippines No Report No Report No Report 100000 u. No Report No Report
Singapore 582 u. 34911 u. 13069 u. 48061 u. 0.074 kg 800 u.
1807 u.
ICPO ICPO
Thailand No Report No Report 4.630 kg 10.524 kg No Report No Report
ICPO ICPO
Viet Nam No Report No Report 74274 u. 115000 u. 158007 u. No Report
Sub-Total 1254769 u. 0.024 kg 16.838 kg 10.617 kg 2.076 kg 0.007 kg
0.010 lt. 0.003 lt. 394879 u. 611038 u. 0.020 lt.
1814842 u. 2722228 u. 445956 u.
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
Bahrain No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 8527 u.
ICPO
Israel No Report No Report 936 u. No Report No Report No Report
Jordan 2794 u. No Report No Report 1014 u. No Report No Report
Kuwait No Report 8943 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report
Lebanon 490 u. No Report 359 u. 41616 u. 859 u. 989 u.
Oman No Report No Report No Report No Report 1815.000 kg 3554 u.
ICPO
Pakistan No Report No Report No Report 20000 u. No Report No Report
ICPO ICPO ICPO
Qatar No Report 753 u. 2164 u. 15 u. No Report 99 u.
ICPO
Saudi Arabia No Report No Report No Report 854 u. No Report No Report
ICPO
Syrian Arab No Report No Report 15117 u. No Report No Report No Report
Republic
United Arab No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.498 kg No Report
Emirates
ICPO ICPO
Yemen No Report 169 u. No Report 1486 u. No Report No Report
Sub-Total 3284 u. 9865 u. 18576 u. 64985 u. 1815.498 kg 13169 u.
859 u.
South Asia
ICPO
Nepal No Report 6811 u. No Report 1654 u. No Report No Report
Sub-Total 6811 u. 1654 u.
Total region 1259023 u. 0.024 kg 72.856 kg 11.061 kg 1817.574 kg 0.007 kg
0.010 lt. 0.003 lt. 461518 u. 611897 u. 0.020 lt.
1831698 u. 2743073 u. 472898 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

344
 4. Seizures: ATS

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Depressants (excluding Methaqualone)
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

EUROPE
Eastern Europe
Belarus No Report No Report 0.002 kg 0.100 kg No Report 52.144 kg
Bulgaria 0.627 kg 93460 u. 1.500 kg 4.682 kg No Report 1.103 kg
4142 u.
Croatia 4915 u. 4358 u. 8335 u. 4778 u. No Report No Report
Czech Republic No Report No Report 50.000 kg 9450 u. 1119 u. 841 u.
(1 (1
Estonia 9.139 kg No Report 0.103 kg 1.525 kg 0.184 kg 27.883 kg
908 u. 138 u. 846 u. 14571 u.
FYR of Macedonia No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 10 u.
Hungary No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.001 kg 192 u.
Latvia 20830 u. 11244 u. 0.171 kg No Report 9011 u. No Report
13562 u.
(1
Lithuania No Report 1237 u. 580 u. 106 u. No Report 0.111 kg
67 u.
Poland No Report No Report No Report No Report 8.000 lt. 5132 u.
Republic of Moldova No Report 1800 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report
Romania No Report No Report No Report No Report 5961 u. 33686 u.
ICPO ICPO
Russian Federation 975 u. No Report 39.500 kg 2.420 kg 61.574 kg No Report
Slovakia 10642 u. 1356 u. 1104 u. No Report No Report
Slovenia No Report 5745 u. 621 u. 735 u. 460 u. 8 u.
ICPO ICPO
Ukraine No Report No Report 0.001 kg 289318 u. No Report 606.000 kg
8427 u.
Sub-Total 9.766 kg 119200 u. 91.277 kg 8.727 kg 61.759 kg 687.241 kg
38270 u. 32767 u. 309375 u. 8.000 lt. 39936 u.
31122 u.
Western Europe
ICPO
Andorra No Report No Report No Report 11 u. No Report No Report
ICPO
Austria No Report No Report No Report 32207 u. 36132 u. 24000 u.
(4
Belgium No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 137009 u.
Finland 48395 u. 35664 u. 45448 u. 32148 u. 11700 u. No Report
France No Report No Report No Report 0.039 kg No Report No Report
Germany 6035 u. 7071 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report
Greece 10.400 kg 2.306 kg 80.210 kg 3.700 kg 22.204 kg 39971 u.
26403 u. 18470 u. 217004 u. 35354 u. 43958 u.
ICPO
Ireland 0.248 kg No Report 13793 u. 1.121 kg No Report 5040 u.
4935 u.
ICPO
Italy 14437 u. 0.037 kg 0.232 kg 0.662 kg No Report No Report
1506 u. 3316 u. 1883 u.
(4
Liechtenstein No Report No Report No Report 10280 u. 430 u. 0.304 kg
Luxembourg No Report 145 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report
Malta 212 u. 353 u. 8 u. 207 u. No Report No Report

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

345
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Depressants (excluding Methaqualone)
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

EUROPE
Western Europe
Norway 130000 u. 0.071 kg 0.012 kg 0.043 kg 11.361 kg 47.281 kg
101295 u. 180500 u. 413548 u. 848206 u. 1251914 u.
Portugal 1945 u. 2577 u. 2122 u. 0.001 kg 3689 u. 0.007 kg
4794 u. 1071 u.
(1 (1
Spain 59352 u. 99126 u. 343974 u. 6.825 lt. 595619 u. 22016 u.
132951 u.
(1 (1
Sweden No Report 0.302 kg 255000 u. 2.320 kg 46.570 lt. 25.400 lt.
293508 u. 16.558 lt. 271478 u. 965400 u.
237312 u.
Switzerland No Report 1204104 u. 554641 u. 1907207 u. No Report No Report
Turkey No Report 3559 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report
ICPO (5
United Kingdom 6.200 kg No Report 12000 u. 3.360 kg 12.558 kg 12.558 kg
37 u. 105513 u. 105513 u.
Sub-Total 16.848 kg 2.716 kg 80.454 kg 11.246 kg 46.123 kg 60.150 kg
291714 u. 1767378 u. 1627806 u. 23.383 lt. 46.570 lt. 25.400 lt.
2807939 u. 1916725 u. 2551934 u.
Total region 26.614 kg 2.716 kg 171.731 kg 19.973 kg 107.882 kg 747.391 kg
329984 u. 1886578 u. 1660573 u. 23.383 lt. 54.570 lt. 25.400 lt.
3117314 u. 1947847 u. 2591870 u.
OCEANIA
Oceania
(6
Australia 0.380 kg No Report No Report 0.117 kg 0.038 kg 1.049 kg
100.000 lt.
(1
New Zealand No Report 445 u. 126 u. 317 u. No Report 5.170 lt.
339 u.
Sub-Total 0.380 kg 445 u. 126 u. 0.117 kg 0.038 kg 1.049 kg
317 u. 105.170 lt.
339 u.
Total region 0.380 kg 445 u. 126 u. 0.117 kg 0.038 kg 1.049 kg
317 u. 105.170 lt.
339 u.
TOTAL 1526.687 kg 123.824 kg 314.723 kg 388.898 kg 2514.374 kg 756.260 kg
0.987 lt. 0.696 lt. 2.442 lt. 27.915 lt. 54.570 lt. 130.590 lt.
2626760 u. 5998111 u. 5520629 u. 5508249 u. 3473248 u. 9403586 u.
1) Including GHB 2) Includes mainly benzodiazapines 3) Diazepam 4) Rohypnol 5) Due to unavailability of 2002 data, year 2001
data were used for analysis purposes. 6) Litre amount for GHB

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

346
 4. Seizures: ATS

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Hallucinogens (excluding LSD but incl. "Ecstasy")
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AFRICA
North Africa
Egypt No Report No Report No Report 3372 u. 70080 u. 785 u.
Sub-Total 3372 u. 70080 u. 785 u.
Southern Africa
ICPO
Lesotho No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 1.884 kg
Namibia No Report No Report 74 u. 157 u. 546 u. 49 u.
ICPO
South Africa 118784 u. 111733 u. 30132 u. 1.177 kg 95792 u. 14.540 kg
297021 u. 424258 u.
Zimbabwe No Report No Report 3 u. No Report 0.000 kg 58 u.
6 u.
Sub-Total 118784 u. 111733 u. 30209 u. 1.177 kg 0.000 kg 16.424 kg
297178 u. 96344 u. 424365 u.
West and Central Africa
Govt
Central African No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 2.000 lt.
Republic
Sub-Total 2.000 lt.
Total region 118784 u. 111733 u. 0.030 kg 79.641 kg 0.023 kg 16.452 kg
31111 u. 538906 u. 307619 u. 2.000 lt.
619461 u.
AMERICAS
Caribbean
F.O F.O F.O ICPO
Aruba No Report No Report 873 u. 85279 u. 59874 u. 19445 u.
Bahamas No Report No Report No Report 63.000 kg 0.023 kg 0.027 kg
0 u.
F.O
Bermuda No Report No Report No Report No Report 153 u. 65 u.
Cayman Islands No Report No Report 0.030 kg 162 u. No Report 120 u.
ICPO
Cuba No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.001 kg
F.O HONLC
Dominican Republic No Report No Report 29 u. 125073 u. 30903 u. 153605 u.
F.O F.O
Guadeloupe No Report No Report No Report 25540 u. 500 u. No Report
ICPO
Jamaica No Report No Report No Report No Report 5070 u. 79 u.
ICPO F.O ICPO
Netherlands Antilles No Report No Report No Report 15.464 kg 20465 u. 94 u.
F.O
Puerto Rico No Report No Report No Report No Report 1977 u. No Report
Sub-Total 0.030 kg 78.464 kg 0.023 kg 0.028 kg
902 u. 236054 u. 118942 u. 173408 u.
Central America
Costa Rica No Report No Report No Report 46 u. 87 u. 83 u.
Nicaragua No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 19886 u.
HONLC
Panama No Report No Report No Report 2256 u. 22166 u. 934 u.
Sub-Total 2302 u. 22253 u. 20903 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

347
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Hallucinogens (excluding LSD but incl. "Ecstasy")
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AMERICAS
North America
Canada 47.703 kg 64.019 kg 561.837 kg 764.514 kg 459.025 kg 285.733 kg
9288 u. 0.022 lt. 0.503 lt. 0.155 lt. 846973 u. 177450 u.
25451 u. 3427 u. 2136444 u.
ICPO
Mexico 611.380 kg 93.000 kg No Report 32.302 kg 102.000 kg 31.953 kg
ICPO
United States 44.588 kg No Report 160.515 kg 9600000 u. 9795741 u. 7637544 u.
59.968 lt. 4745097 u.
151934 u.
Sub-Total 703.671 kg 157.019 kg 722.352 kg 796.816 kg 561.026 kg 317.686 kg
59.968 lt. 0.022 lt. 0.503 lt. 0.155 lt. 10642710 u. 7814994 u.
161222 u. 25451 u. 4748524 u. 11736440 u.
South America
ICPO
Argentina No Report No Report No Report No Report 430 u.
ICPO (1 Govt F.O
Brazil No Report No Report 59612 u. 36796 u. 1909 u. 15804 u.
ICPO
Chile No Report 2.977 kg No Report 140 u. 2626 u. 583 u.
Colombia No Report No Report 1022 u. 83.000 kg No Report 175382 u.
HONLC
Ecuador No Report No Report No Report No Report 7 u. 185.000 kg
F.O F.O
Guyana No Report No Report 626 u. 124 u. No Report No Report
Peru No Report No Report No Report No Report 35 u. 78 u.
INCSR
Suriname No Report 6000 u. No Report 61232 u. No Report 80 u.
Uruguay No Report No Report 84 u. 738 u. No Report 31 u.
CICAD
Venezuela No Report No Report No Report 7985 u. 2 u. 16010 u.
Sub-Total 2.977 kg 61344 u. 83.000 kg 4579 u. 185.000 kg
6000 u. 107015 u. 208398 u.
Total region 703.671 kg 159.996 kg 722.382 kg 958.280 kg 561.049 kg 502.714 kg
59.968 lt. 0.022 lt. 0.503 lt. 0.155 lt. 10788490 u. 8217703 u.
161222 u. 31451 u. 4810770 u. 12081820 u.
ASIA
Central Asia and Transcaucasian countries
Kazakhstan No Report No Report 1099.000 kg No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 1099.000 kg
East and South-East Asia
Brunei Darussalam No Report No Report 32 u. No Report No Report 10 u.
HNLP ICPO
China No Report No Report No Report 200.000 kg 2700000 u. 3000000 u.
240000 u.
Govt. ICPO
Hong Kong SAR, 49613 u. 265 u. 21202 u. 58.800 kg 0.032 kg 89.953 kg
China
378621 u. 170243 u. 49374 u.
Indonesia 5.197 kg 119655 u. 32361 u. 383174 u. No Report 84224 u.
89413 u.
(2
Japan 56 u. 16 u. 5273 u. 0.016 kg 0.121 kg 2.600 kg
78471 u. 112542 u. 156076 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

348
 4. Seizures: ATS

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Hallucinogens (excluding LSD but incl. "Ecstasy")
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

ASIA
East and South-East Asia
ICPO
Korea (Republic of) No Report No Report No Report No Report 1672 u. 39011 u.
ICPO ICPO
Macau SAR, China No Report 64 u. No Report 2453 u. 1687 u. 672 u.
ICPO ICPO
Malaysia 1397979 u. 1733335 u. 55975 u. 49901 u. No Report 164884 u.
Philippines No Report No Report No Report 1026 u. No Report 246 u.
Singapore No Report 2175 u. 5.170 kg 2.566 kg 0.257 kg 7331 u.
17232 u. 10339 u. 23846 u.
Govt. ICPO (3 ICPO F.O F.O
Thailand 13.005 kg 10395 u. 264.130 kg 52.601 kg 61922 u. 145873 u.
80047 u. 30615 u. 72182 u.
Sub-Total 18.202 kg 1865905 u. 269.300 kg 313.983 kg 0.410 kg 92.553 kg
1617108 u. 162690 u. 1216167 u. 3071912 u. 3647701 u.
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
ICPO
Israel No Report 5.000 kg 130.687 kg 270000 u. 1.504 kg 4.454 kg
118501 u. 30335 u. 121695 u. 951057 u.
ICPO
Jordan 10178 u. No Report 5000 u. No Report No Report No Report
Syrian Arab No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 19604 u.
Republic
Sub-Total 10178 u. 5.000 kg 130.687 kg 270000 u. 1.504 kg 4.454 kg
118501 u. 35335 u. 121695 u. 970661 u.
Total region 18.202 kg 5.000 kg 1498.987 kg 313.983 kg 1.914 kg 97.007 kg
1627286 u. 1984406 u. 198025 u. 1486167 u. 3193607 u. 4618362 u.
EUROPE
Eastern Europe
Belarus No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 1.072 kg
ICPO ICPO
Bosnia Herzegovina No Report 1041 u. No Report No Report No Report 1212 u.
Govt
Bulgaria No Report No Report No Report 4524 u. 7.900 kg 1.500 kg
2361 u. 3135 u.
ICPO
Croatia 0.004 kg No Report 0.018 kg 9979 u. 12906 u. 110632 u.
15421 u.
Czech Republic 0.001 kg No Report No Report 17502 u. 29.890 kg 1.893 kg
4 u. 88391 u.
Estonia No Report No Report 0.000 lt. 0.431 kg 1.714 kg 3.402 kg
1773 u. 1351 u.
NAPOL NAPOL NAPOL Govt
FYR of Macedonia 184 u. 1574 u. 5532 u. 280 u. 45 u. 0.002 kg
18341 u.
Hungary No Report 11857 u. 510 u. 13616 u. 0.260 kg 6.132 kg
18301 u. 23730 u.
ICPO
Latvia 0.007 kg No Report 0.749 kg No Report 1620 u. No Report
23 u. 9625 u.
ICPO ICPO
Lithuania 0.002 kg 831 u. 1122 u. 50724 u. 0.045 kg 0.845 kg
1641 u. 514 u. 1205 u.
Poland No Report 1736 u. 6319 u. 129513 u. 232735 u. 3.727 kg
38179 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

349
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Hallucinogens (excluding LSD but incl. "Ecstasy")
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

EUROPE
Eastern Europe
ICPO
Romania No Report 1093 u. No Report 10945 u. 67210 u. 0.017 kg
19567 u.
Russian Federation No Report No Report 0.153 kg No Report 0.850 kg No Report
Serbia and No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.079 kg 10000 u.
Montenegro
10811 u.
ICPO
Slovakia No Report No Report 9 u. 493 u. 0.568 kg 435 u.
ICPO
Slovenia 7440 u. No Report 1749 u. 0.053 kg 1852 u. 7877 u.
27974 u.
ICPO ICPO
Ukraine No Report No Report 1.349 kg 0.305 kg 47 u. No Report
18888 u. 4784 u.
Sub-Total 0.014 kg 18132 u. 2.269 kg 0.789 kg 41.306 kg 18.590 kg
9292 u. 0.000 lt. 271685 u. 348402 u. 322704 u.
60948 u.
Western Europe
ICPO ICPO ICPO
Andorra No Report 88 u. 0.002 kg 0.002 kg 105 u. 42 u.
43 u. 283 u.
Austria 23522 u. 114677 u. 31129 u. 162.093 kg 256299 u. 0.099 kg
383451 u.
ICPO UNODC (4
Belgium 132.000 kg 33.044 kg 279.620 kg 68.000 kg 68.000 kg 1564.000 kg
125718 u. 467506 u. 818515 u. 818515 u.
Cyprus 3 u. 20 u. 0.001 kg 0.005 kg 0.004 kg 0.273 kg
62 u. 3317 u. 2910 u. 10253 u.
(2
Denmark 0.102 kg 27038 u. 26117 u. 0.279 kg 150080 u. 25738 u.
5802 u. 21638 u.
ICPO
Finland 0.195 kg 0.130 kg 16578 u. 87393 u. 81228 u. 45065 u.
3147 u. 2396 u.
France 1.607 kg 4.795 kg 14.000 kg 13.314 kg 7.584 kg 2161199 u.
1860402 u. 2283620 u. 1503773 u.
Govt
Germany 694281 u. 419329 u. 1470507 u. 35.500 kg 21.897 kg 33.603 kg
1634683 u. 4576504 u. 3207099 u.
Greece 0.010 kg 85 u. 3095 u. 53557 u. 58845 u. 28430 u.
136 u.
Iceland No Report No Report 7478 u. 22057 u. 93151 u. 0.006 kg
814 u.
ICPO
Ireland 9 u. 1.087 kg 74.609 kg 695133 u. 469862 u. 0.153 kg
616439 u. 266462 u. 117046 u.
ICPO
Italy 0.034 kg 1.580 kg 0.673 kg 0.492 kg 0.285 kg 0.006 kg
161044 u. 15 u. 272397 u. 502070 u. 308845 u. 397566 u.
Liechtenstein 565 u. 0.500 kg No Report 10 u. No Report 0.001 kg
ICPO ICPO
Luxembourg 367 u. No Report 0.167 kg 0.122 kg No Report 1139 u.
357 u. 318 u.
ICPO
Malta 247 u. 153 u. 459 u. 5191 u. 2242 u. 1012 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

350
 4. Seizures: ATS

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Hallucinogens (excluding LSD but incl. "Ecstasy")
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

EUROPE
Western Europe
ICPO ICPO
Monaco No Report No Report 3 u. 5 u. No Report 55 u.
Govt Govt Govt Govt
Netherlands 703.289 kg 1163514 u. 3663608 u. 632.000 kg 113.000 kg 849.000 kg
870980 u. 5500000 u. 8684505 u. 6787167 u.
Norway 13182 u. 1.081 kg 0.025 kg 0.114 kg 0.492 kg 0.916 kg
15647 u. 24644 u. 49390 u. 61205 u. 102439 u.
Portugal No Report 10 u. 0.089 kg 1.089 kg 0.091 kg 2.240 kg
31319 u. 25499 u. 126451 u. 222479 u.
ICPO
Spain 184950 u. 194527 u. 357649 u. 914974 u. 860164 u. 1396142 u.
ICPO
Sweden 0.135 kg 0.579 kg 0.504 kg 0.591 kg 0.887 kg 96577 u.
1540 u. 184161 u. 57750 u.
(5
Switzerland 86676 u. 73914 u. 67353 u. 189569 u. 86959 u. 88342 u.
Govt.
Turkey No Report 477250 u. No Report 33894 u. 121508 u. 98989 u.
(6 NCIS (7
United Kingdom 1925500 u. 2095879 u. 6323500 u. 6534813 u. 3.399 kg 3.399 kg
7662228 u. 7662228 u.
Sub-Total 837.372 kg 42.796 kg 369.690 kg 913.601 kg 215.639 kg 2453.696 kg
4097669 u. 5200981 u. 14890670 u. 19560090 u. 25983130 u. 22833270 u.
Total region 837.386 kg 42.796 kg 371.959 kg 914.390 kg 256.945 kg 2472.286 kg
4106961 u. 5219113 u. 0.000 lt. 19831780 u. 26331530 u. 23155980 u.
14951620 u.
OCEANIA
Oceania
Govt. (8 (9 (10
Australia 1.394 kg 7.380 kg 57.645 kg 0.773 kg 343.030 kg 727.171 kg
(11
New Zealand No Report 2665 u. No Report 0.530 kg 0.483 kg 1.192 kg
8858 u. 3.000 lt. 256437 u.
84744 u.
Sub-Total 1.394 kg 7.380 kg 57.645 kg 1.303 kg 343.513 kg 728.363 kg
2665 u. 8858 u. 3.000 lt. 256437 u.
84744 u.
Total region 1.394 kg 7.380 kg 57.645 kg 1.303 kg 343.513 kg 728.363 kg
2665 u. 8858 u. 3.000 lt. 256437 u.
84744 u.
TOTAL 1560.653 kg 215.172 kg 2651.003 kg 2268.774 kg 1163.443 kg 3833.247 kg
59.968 lt. 0.022 lt. 0.503 lt. 0.155 lt. 3.000 lt. 4.000 lt.
6133037 u. 7461101 u. 20021730 u. 34248070 u. 40872410 u. 37293090 u.
1) éxtasis 2) Small quantity. 3) Ketamine 4) Due to unavailability of 2001 data, year 2000 data were used for analysis purposes. 5)
Includes ecstasy 6) Including other opiates. 7) Due to unavailability of 2002 data, year 2001 data were used for analysis purposes.
8) Provisional figures. 9) Mushrooms 10) Including LSD and excluding ecstasy 11) Psilocybine

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

351
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

LSD
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AFRICA
North Africa
Egypt 15 u. 514 u. No Report 300 u. No Report No Report
Sub-Total 15 u. 514 u. 300 u.
Southern Africa
ICPO
Namibia No Report No Report No Report 127 u. No Report 3 u.
ICPO
South Africa 2730 u. 6426 u. 1549 u. 5506 u. 7841 u. 1782 u.
Govt Govt Govt Govt Govt
Zambia 0.080 kg 0.000 kg 0.000 kg 0.000 kg 0.000 kg No Report
Zimbabwe No Report No Report 30 u. No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 0.080 kg 6426 u. 1579 u. 5633 u. 7841 u. 1785 u.
2730 u.
Total region 0.080 kg 6940 u. 1579 u. 5933 u. 7841 u. 1785 u.
2745 u.
AMERICAS
Caribbean
Bermuda 18 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 18 u.
Central America
Costa Rica No Report No Report No Report 1045 u. 277 u. No Report
Sub-Total 1045 u. 277 u.
North America
Canada 22519 u. 0.295 kg 0.098 kg 0.149 kg 0.401 kg 0.027 kg
8955 u. 9852 u. 5.000 lt. 2747 u. 2135 u.
1592 u.
Mexico No Report No Report No Report No Report 8 u. No Report
United States 1.488 kg No Report 0.330 kg 0.004 kg 97057 u. 1624 u.
0.452 lt. 165504 u. 1.296 lt.
79073 u. 28459 u.
Sub-Total 1.488 kg 0.295 kg 0.428 kg 0.153 kg 0.401 kg 0.027 kg
0.452 lt. 8955 u. 175356 u. 6.296 lt. 99812 u. 3759 u.
101592 u. 30051 u.
South America
Argentina 563 u. 1435 u. 1085 u. 1093 u. 1239 u. 468 u.
Govt. F.O
Brazil 3 u. No Report 16 u. 2368 u. No Report 231 u.
CICAD
Chile 1764 u. 153 u. 11 u. 33 u. 2 u. 30 u.
Uruguay 72 u. 1 u. 4 u. 143 u. No Report 11 u.
Venezuela No Report No Report No Report 1675 u. No Report No Report
Sub-Total 2402 u. 1589 u. 1116 u. 5312 u. 1241 u. 740 u.
Total region 1.488 kg 0.295 kg 0.428 kg 0.153 kg 0.401 kg 0.027 kg
0.452 lt. 10544 u. 176472 u. 6.296 lt. 101330 u. 4499 u.
104012 u. 36408 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

352
 4. Seizures: ATS

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

LSD
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

ASIA
Central Asia and Transcaucasian countries
Uzbekistan No Report 40 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 40 u.
East and South-East Asia
Hong Kong SAR, 52 u. No Report 21 u. 27877 u. 6858 u. 16 u.
China
Indonesia No Report 103368 u. 53160 u. No Report No Report No Report
Japan 3471 u. 4802 u. 62618 u. 65043 u. 644 u. 3973 u.
Macau SAR, China No Report No Report No Report No Report 8 u. No Report
Singapore No Report No Report No Report No Report 807 u. No Report
ICPO
Thailand 0.031 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 0.031 kg 108170 u. 115799 u. 92920 u. 8317 u. 3989 u.
3523 u.
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
ICPO
Israel 0.040 lt. 10337 u. 7346 u. 7769 u. 0.003 kg 0.001 kg
7342 u. 6266 u. 2491 u.
Kuwait 13245 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 0.040 lt. 10337 u. 7346 u. 7769 u. 0.003 kg 0.001 kg
20587 u. 6266 u. 2491 u.
South Asia
India No Report 45 u. 20 u. No Report No Report No Report
Nepal No Report 9 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 54 u. 20 u.
Total region 0.031 kg 118601 u. 123165 u. 100689 u. 0.003 kg 0.001 kg
0.040 lt. 14583 u. 6480 u.
24110 u.
EUROPE
Eastern Europe
Croatia 114 u. 86 u. 247 u. 231 u. 154 u. 192 u.
Czech Republic No Report No Report 19 u. 1001 u. 5 u. 107 u.
Estonia No Report No Report 6 u. 0.022 kg 0.002 kg 0.020 kg
3 u.
Govt.
Hungary 1450 u. 3351 u. 1928 u. 1242 u. 973 u. 969 u.
Latvia 205 u. 38 u. 27 u. 14 u. 16 u. No Report
Lithuania 2 u. 342 u. 164 u. 26 u. 275 u. No Report
Poland 542 u. 14902 u. 14099 u. 3659 u. 672 u. 797 u.
ICPO
Romania No Report No Report 1 u. 1 u. No Report 22004 u.
ICPO ICPO
Russian Federation No Report No Report No Report 0.380 kg 1.676 kg 2.813 kg
Serbia and No Report No Report No Report No Report 5 u. No Report
Montenegro
Slovakia 2 u. 63 u. 72 u. 110 u. 60 u. 8 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

353
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

LSD
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

EUROPE
Eastern Europe
Slovenia 156 u. 53 u. 512 u. 59 u. No Report No Report
ICPO ICPO
Ukraine 14 u. 500 u. 36 u. No Report No Report 477 u.
Sub-Total 2485 u. 19335 u. 17111 u. 0.402 kg 1.678 kg 2.833 kg
6346 u. 2160 u. 24554 u.
Western Europe
ICPO ICPO
Andorra No Report 28 u. No Report 47 u. 9 u. 2 u.
Austria 5243 u. 2494 u. 2811 u. 0.865 kg 572 u. 851 u.
ICPO
Belgium 621 u. 2050 u. 1047 u. 1090 u. No Report
Cyprus No Report No Report 2 u. 11 u. No Report No Report
Denmark 381 u. 108 u. 83 u. 1109 u. 156 u. 38 u.
Finland 323 u. 301 u. 50 u. 2355 u. 1026 u. 4679 u.
France 5983 u. 18680 u. 9991 u. 20691 u. 6718 u. No Report
Germany 78430 u. 32250 u. 22965 u. 43924 u. 11441 u. 30144 u.
ICPO
Greece 166 u. 44 u. 212 u. 112 u. 577 u. 884 u.
Iceland No Report No Report 339 u. 15 u. No Report No Report
Ireland 1851 u. 792 u. 648 u. No Report 325 u. No Report
ICPO
Italy 8140 u. 0.003 kg 5509 u. 1980 u. 1139 u. 3064 u.
9752 u.
Liechtenstein No Report No Report No Report No Report 1 u. No Report
ICPO ICPO
Luxembourg 4 u. 0.303 kg 1 u. 21 u. No Report 0.002 kg
Malta 19 u. 123 u. 54 u. 462 u. No Report No Report
Monaco No Report 10 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report
Govt Govt Govt Govt
Netherlands 27634 u. 37790 u. 2667 u. 9972 u. 28731 u. 355 u.
Norway 6888 u. 2833 u. 483 u. 893 u. 417 u. 172 u.
Portugal 84 u. 261 u. 1845 u. 6106 u. 3588 u. 9785 u.
Spain 25368 u. 9068 u. 3353 u. 7542 u. 26535 u. 893 u.
(1
Sweden 1541 u. 0.002 kg 1508 u. 0.000 kg 635 u. 305 u.
2704 u. 278 u.
Switzerland 9424 u. 2995 u. 3130 u. 15525 u. 8707 u. 1552 u.
Turkey No Report No Report 61 u. No Report 105 u. No Report
NCIS (2
United Kingdom 164100 u. 40070 u. 67400 u. 25392 u. 9439 u. 9439 u.
Sub-Total 336200 u. 0.308 kg 124159 u. 0.865 kg 100121 u. 0.002 kg
162353 u. 137525 u. 62163 u.
Total region 338685 u. 0.308 kg 141270 u. 1.267 kg 1.678 kg 2.835 kg
181688 u. 143871 u. 102281 u. 86717 u.
OCEANIA
Oceania
Australia No Report 0.108 kg 0.007 kg No Report No Report

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

354
 4. Seizures: ATS

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

LSD
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

OCEANIA
Oceania
New Zealand No Report 37554 u. 17437 u. 17522 u. 1057 u. 0.013 kg
431 u.
Sub-Total 37554 u. 0.108 kg 0.007 kg 1057 u. 0.013 kg
17437 u. 17522 u. 431 u.
Total region 37554 u. 0.108 kg 0.007 kg 1057 u. 0.013 kg
17437 u. 17522 u. 431 u.
TOTAL 1.599 kg 0.603 kg 0.536 kg 1.427 kg 2.082 kg 2.876 kg
0.492 lt. 355327 u. 459923 u. 6.296 lt. 227092 u. 99912 u.
469552 u. 304423 u.
1) 2 micrograms 2) Due to unavailability of 2002 data, year 2001 data were used for analysis purposes.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

355
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Methaqualone
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AFRICA
East Africa
Govt
Kenya 5000 u. No Report No Report No Report 52693 u. No Report
ICPO Govt ICPO
United Republic of 57 u. 4 u. 7 u. 295.000 kg 2.107 kg 1.500 kg
Tanzania
Sub-Total 5057 u. 4 u. 7 u. 295.000 kg 2.107 kg 1.500 kg
52693 u.
Southern Africa
ICPO
Angola No Report 1.050 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
ICPO
Lesotho No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 0.652 kg
Govt.
Malawi 185.652 kg 1007 u. 1800 u. No Report No Report 1 u.
200307 u.
ICPO
Mozambique No Report No Report No Report 2200 u. No Report No Report
ICPO
Namibia No Report 6318 u. 2611 u. 10430 u. 16675 u. 9801 u.
ICPO
South Africa 50.561 kg 160.000 kg 2498806 u. 114.507 kg 7297.837 kg 254.080 kg
1629531 u. 1307109 u. 2669813 u. 4202835 u. 2930316 u.
ICPO ICPO
Swaziland 15245 u. 12015 u. 1621 u. 6 u. 258 u. 4909 u.
Govt Govt Govt
Zambia 0.004 kg 0.125 kg 2368 u. 0.125 kg 0.020 kg 0.039 kg
724 u.
Zimbabwe No Report 4.300 kg 1701 u. 1500 u. No Report No Report
4431 u.
Sub-Total 236.217 kg 165.475 kg 2508907 u. 114.632 kg 7297.857 kg 254.770 kg
1845083 u. 1330880 u. 2684673 u. 4219768 u. 2945027 u.
Total region 236.217 kg 165.475 kg 2508914 u. 409.632 kg 7299.964 kg 256.271 kg
1850140 u. 1330884 u. 2684673 u. 4272461 u. 2945027 u.
AMERICAS
North America
Canada 0.007 kg 56.000 kg 0.139 kg 0.002 kg No Report
123 u. 46 u.
United States 1330 u. No Report 32030 u. 0.002 kg 107 u. 40731 u.
76 u.
Sub-Total 1330 u. 0.007 kg 56.000 kg 0.141 kg 0.002 kg 40731 u.
32153 u. 122 u. 107 u.
South America
Chile No Report 1390 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 1390 u.
Total region 1330 u. 0.007 kg 56.000 kg 0.141 kg 0.002 kg 40731 u.
1390 u. 32153 u. 122 u. 107 u.
ASIA
East and South-East Asia
China No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 2955.000 kg

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

356
 4. Seizures: ATS

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Methaqualone
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

ASIA
East and South-East Asia
ICPO
Hong Kong SAR, 4 u. No Report 187 u. 25.000 kg 0.001 kg 0.002 kg
China
1 u. 4 u.
Indonesia No Report No Report 2018 u. No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 4 u. 2205 u. 25.000 kg 0.001 kg 2955.002 kg
1 u. 4 u.
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
United Arab 6000.815 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Emirates
Sub-Total 6000.815 kg
South Asia
Govt
India 1740.000 kg 2257.000 kg 474.000 kg 1095.000 kg 2024.000 kg 7458.000 kg
Sub-Total 1740.000 kg 2257.000 kg 474.000 kg 1095.000 kg 2024.000 kg 7458.000 kg
Total region 7740.815 kg 2257.000 kg 474.000 kg 1120.000 kg 2024.001 kg 10413.000 kg
4 u. 2205 u. 1 u. 4 u.
EUROPE
Eastern Europe
FYR of Macedonia No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 3 u.
ICPO ICPO
Romania No Report 1924 u. 8487 u. 3981 u. 3 u. No Report
Sub-Total 1924 u. 8487 u. 3981 u. 3 u. 3 u.
Western Europe
Belgium No Report 11.000 kg No Report No Report No Report No Report
52 u.
Greece 41 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report
Switzerland No Report 4620 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report
United Kingdom No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 41 u. 11.000 kg
4672 u.
Total region 41 u. 11.000 kg 8487 u. 3981 u. 3 u. 3 u.
6596 u.
TOTAL 7977.032 kg 2433.482 kg 530.000 kg 1529.773 kg 9323.966 kg 10669.270 kg
1851515 u. 1338870 u. 2551759 u. 2688776 u. 4272572 u. 2985765 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

357
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Psychotropic substances
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

AFRICA
East Africa
Govt Govt
Kenya No Report 9060 u. No Report 272 u. No Report No Report
Mauritius No Report No Report No Report No Report 897 u. No Report
Sub-Total 9060 u. 272 u. 897 u.
North Africa
F.O F.O F.O F.O
Libyan Arab Jam. 33770 u. No Report 127512 u. 245455 u. 87047 u. No Report
Morocco No Report No Report No Report No Report 135769 u. No Report
Sub-Total 33770 u. 127512 u. 245455 u. 222816 u.
West and Central Africa
Govt Govt
Mauritania 147 u. 135 u. No Report No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 147 u. 135 u.
Total region 33917 u. 9195 u. 127512 u. 245727 u. 223713 u.
AMERICAS
Caribbean
HONLC
Dominican Republic No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 99 u.
Sub-Total 99 u.
North America
Govt
Mexico No Report 1484078 u. 1490152 u. 3418369 u. 8313151 u. No Report
Sub-Total 1484078 u. 1490152 u. 3418369 u. 8313151 u.
South America
Govt F.O
Brazil No Report No Report No Report 4862 u. No Report 39398 u.
Sub-Total 4862 u. 39398 u.
Total region 1484078 u. 1490152 u. 3423231 u. 8313151 u. 39497 u.
ASIA
Central Asia and Transcaucasian countries
Uzbekistan No Report No Report 0.639 kg No Report No Report No Report
Sub-Total 0.639 kg
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
United Arab No Report No Report 14460 u. 23246 u. No Report No Report
Emirates
Sub-Total 14460 u. 23246 u.
Total region 0.639 kg 23246 u.
14460 u.
EUROPE
Eastern Europe
F.O F.O F.O
Russian Federation No Report 673.400 kg 905.500 kg 835.000 kg No Report No Report
Sub-Total 673.400 kg 905.500 kg 835.000 kg

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

358
 4. Seizures: ATS

SEIZURES, 1997 - 2002

Psychotropic substances
Region/country
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
or territory

EUROPE
Western Europe
Spain No Report No Report No Report No Report No Report 118452 u.
Sub-Total 118452 u.
Total region 673.400 kg 905.500 kg 835.000 kg 118452 u.
TOTAL 33917 u. 673.400 kg 906.139 kg 835.000 kg 8536864 u. 157949 u.
1493273 u. 1632124 u. 3692204 u.

Source: Annual Report Questionnaire if not otherwise indicated

359
5. PRICES
 [Link]: Opiates

5.1. Opiates: Wholesale and Street Prices and Purity Levels

Prices in Europe and in USA, 1990-2003

Retail prices (street price), US$/gram

EUROPE 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Austria 270 250 203 132 138 103 87 70 94 57 75 44 92 68
Belgium 90 105 105 77 75 75 56 37 41 41 37 27 29 31
Denmark 287 265 151 139 228 191 157 188 147 175 116 111 126 118
Finland 800 696 770 724 606 455 414 257 254 250 207 121 188 197
France 145 153 150 135 144 170 156 113 119 111 32 34 47 57
Germany 105 75 96 74 91 90 74 51 43 45 39 38 38 46
Greece 120 175 63 44 105 88 77 80 55 55 55 53 45 26
Italy 167 148 140 29 55 41 115 98 120 95 71 68 59 70
Luxembourg 172 150 150 150 172 202 138 141 133 126 69 67 67 45
Netherlands 49 50 55 49 55 61 48 55 34 30 25 43 35 41
Norway 1,680 525 510 275 349 300 282 198 186 166 128 157 165 147
Iceland 184 376 374 407 380 410 377 372 372 372 372 372 372 372
Portugal 83 82 72 63 65 79 68 55 74 37 45 45 41 47
Spain 175 185 180 126 132 120 112 88 82 75 59 57 61 75
Sweden 225 210 195 180 165 337 346 135 130 126 113 136 128 120
Switzerland 312 221 248 126 164 190 116 81 96 167 53 45 39 45
United Kingdom 157 144 144 134 129 125 108 118 120 108 107 86 91 97
Ireland 196 180 180 168 161 179 275 228 213 204 176 170 179 216
Average unweighted 290 222 210 168 179 179 167 131 128 124 99 93 100 101
inflation adjustment 408 300 276 215 222 216 196 151 145 137 106 97 102 100
Weighted average 173 149 147 107 118 119 118 93 94 87 64 59 62 69
Adjusted for inflation 244 202 192 136 147 144 138 107 106 96 68 61 64 69
Sources: ARQ or EUROPOL, except 2003 EUROPOL, and in italic UNODC

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
USA 281 279 268 268 204 196 170 151 162 137 126 110 88 130
Adjusted for inflation 396 377 351 341 253 236 200 173 183 151 135 114 90 130
Sources: ONDCP 1990-2000 data, ARQ 2001 - 2002 data. UNODC 2003 estimates based on STRIDE graph

Wholesale, US$/kg
EUROPE 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Austria 55,244 46,145 63,000 36,000 37,752 30,491 30,222 28,831 34,565 31,087 25,026 19,553 23,547 33,962
Belgium 30,000 30,000 28,500 26,600 29,586 32,580 24,307 21,761 20,847 18,557 18,360 20,292 22,229 16,981
Denmark 110,000 100,000 85,000 95,000 117,625 106,805 86,806 100,465 65,693 61,507 23,585 32,889 20,803 24,738
Finland 353,774 353,774 353,774 353,774 353,774 353,774 321,586 199,442 197,856 194,357 161,034 44,840 51,804 51,804
France 180,000 72,250 80,000 63,750 75,000 66,035 46,603 32,230 25,885 25,596 22,158 26,906 23,547 28,302
Germany 45,244 36,145 41,667 35,206 36,448 35,256 27,890 25,686 25,608 24,770 20,263 17,816 20,325 21,838
Greece 90,000 70,000 35,000 28,000 29,536 34,362 39,090 28,775 21,020 20,714 17,320 16,592 17,425 15,283
Italy 67,500 60,000 108,000 42,581 47,690 35,786 48,152 37,795 36,459 36,894 31,163 32,979 33,669 32,150
Luxembourg 86,000 75,000 75,000 49,500 86,000 57,079 59,852 54,786 52,630 50,368 48,000 50,369 50,369 24,700
Netherlands 23,850 25,000 26,550 23,850 23,850 24,384 20,572 13,810 14,056 16,985 14,703 15,757 29,199 17,759
Norway 220,000 200,000 212,500 151,099 101,744 85,000 72,520 62,209 64,918 49,872 44,561 35,874 37,676 48,296
Portugal 50,000 55,000 46,667 31,500 32,428 43,171 45,902 38,841 30,483 29,339 25,398 31,310 25,839 31,057
Spain 160,000 125,000 122,500 91,000 74,418 79,880 84,395 63,880 52,755 53,820 43,596 32,000 41,202 48,504
Sweden 140,000 130,000 115,000 95,000 117,625 62,655 64,829 65,771 63,191 61,025 41,620 47,083 48,536 56,989
Switzerland 124,000 153,800 228,875 47,460 52,823 54,850 41,665 37,234 34,294 33,422 29,568 16,082 19,149 19,149
United Kingdom 53,940 43,940 43,500 43,210 42,500 42,004 34,846 39,491 41,667 29,126 26,718 25,926 30,620 34,003
Ireland 63,940 53,940 53,500 53,210 52,500 81,479 77,643 36,531 34,396 43,478 37,600 36,441 36,441 36,441
Average unweighted 109,029 95,882 101,120 74,514 77,135 72,094 66,287 52,208 48,019 45,936 37,098 29,571 31,316 31,880
inflation adjusted 153,604 129,638 132,646 94,917 95,755 87,046 77,753 59,850 54,174 50,733 39,631 30,720 32,037 31,880
Weighted average 93,610 68,153 77,357 54,889 56,346 52,544 47,963 39,449 36,497 34,252 28,484 26,092 28,488 30,607
inflation adjusted (kg) 131,882 92,146 101,474 69,918 69,948 63,442 56,260 45,223 41,175 37,829 30,428 27,106 29,143 30,607
Inflation adjusted (gram) 132 92 101 70 70 63 56 45 41 38 30 27 29 31
Sources: ARQ, expect 2003 EUROPOL and in italic UNODC
Note: Calculation as of 1995 is based on brown heroin price x by 80% plus white heroin x by 20%
USA 1,990 1,991 1,992 1,993 1,994 1,995 1,996 1,997 1,998 1,999 2,000 2,001 2,002 2,003
Average 162,500 155,000 150,000 146,000 142,500 146,000 141,875 129,375 125,000 107,000 81,200 59,500 50,750 80,000
Inflation adjusted (kg) 228,937 209,568 196,765 185,977 176,899 176,281 166,416 148,313 141,021 118,174 86,743 61,811 51,917 80,000
Inflation adjusted (gram) 229 210 197 186 177 176 166 148 141 118 87 62 52 80
Sources: ARQ 1990-2002. UNODC 2003 estimate based on STRIDE graph for retail prices.

363
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

OPIUM
Retail and wholesale prices and purity levels:
breakdown by drug, region and country or territory
(prices expressed in US$ or converted equivalent, and purity levels in percentage)

RETAIL PRICE (per gram) WHOLESALE PRICE (per kilogram)

Region / country or territory Typical Range Purity Year Typical Range Purity Year
Africa
North Africa
Egypt 1.6 - 2001 6,730.0 5,860.0 - 7,600.0 - 2002
East Africa
Uganda 23.5 17.0 - 30.0 - 1996
Southern Africa
Zambia 10.7 - 1999

Americas
Central America
Guatemala 1,888.7 - 1996
North America
Canada 31.9 31.9 - 114.8 - 2002 14,030.0 14,030.0 - 22,320.0 - 2002
United States 55.0 30.0 - 80.0 - 2002 25,000.0 20,000.0 - 30,000.0 - 2002
South America
Colombia 0.3 - 2001 190.0 - 2002
Peru 3,500.0 3,000.0 - 4,000.0 80.0 2001

Asia
Central Asia and Transcaucasia
Armenia 10.0 - 2000 1,000.0 - 1999
Azerbaijan 2.0 1.8 - 2.2 - 2002 1,800.0 1,700.0 - 2,000.0 - 2002
Kazakhstan 1,170.0 - 2002
Kyrgyzstan 4.0 3.0 - 5.0 14.0 - 22.0 2002 800.0 600.0 - 1,000.0 14.0 - 22.0 2002
Tajikistan 3.0 2.0 - 4.0 - 2002 480.0 100.0 - 850.0 - 2002
Turkmenistan 1.7 0.7 - 2.7 - 2001 3,720.0 - 2002
Uzbekistan 1.8 1.0 - 2.5 - 2001 3,410.0 - 2002
East and South-East Asia
China 1,250.0 870.0 - 2,500.0 - 2002
Japan 32.0 - 2002
Malaysia 513.3 - 1998
Myanmar 0.5 0.4 - 0.7 - 2002 241.3 - 1999
Republic of Korea 90.8 - 2001 78,980.0 - 2001
Singapore 7.8 5.6 - 10.0 - 2002 4,460.0 - 2002
Viet Nam 953.3 400.0 - 1,506.7 - 2001
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
Afghanistan 0.5 0.4 - 0.5 80.0 - 95.0 2002 460.0 430.0 - 490.0 88.0 2002
Bahrain 2.3 - 1996
Iran ( Islamic Republic of) 2.7 2.4 - 2.9 - 2000 1,300.0 - 2002
Jordan 9.9 8.5 - 11.3 - 2002 11,300.0 9,890.0 - 12,710.0 - 2002
Lebanon 10.000.0 15,000.0 - 20,000.0 - 2002
Oman 2.0 - 2002
Pakistan 1.3 1.2 - 1.4 - 2002 440.0 460.0 - 590.0 - 2002
Qatar 4.0 - 2002 3,300.0 3,200.0 - 4,190.0 - 2002
Saudi Arabia 133,300.0 14,700.0 - 152,000.0 5.0 - 50.0 2001
Syrian Arab Republic 6.0 4.5 - 7.5 30.0 - 70.0 2002 4,000.0 3,000.0 - 5,000.0 30.0 - 70.0 2002
South Asia
Bangladesh 0.8 0.7 - 1.0 2.0 - 7.0 2002 500.0 400.0 - 700.0 3.0 - 6.0 2002
India 0.3 0.3 - 0.4 - 1999 160.0 40.0 - 310.0 - 2002
Sri Lanka 6.6 4.8 - 8.5 - 2002

364
 [Link]: Opiates

OPIUM
Retail and wholesale prices and purity levels:
breakdown by drug, region and country or territory
(prices expressed in US$ or converted equivalent, and purity levels in percentage)

RETAIL PRICE (per gram) WHOLESALE PRICE (per kilogram)

Region / country or territory Typical Range Purity Year Typical Range Purity Year
Europe
Eastern Europe
Estonia 45.6 - 2001
Republic of Moldova 0.8 80.0 2001 800.0 90.0 2001
Romania 3.0 2.0 - 4.0 - 2001 3,000.0 2,000.0 - 4,000.0 - 2001
Russian Federation 40.0 - 1999 3,350.0 2,700.0 - 4,000.0 - 2001
The former [Link] of Macedonia 570.0 470.0 - 660.0 2002
Ukraine 1.0 0.8 - 1.2 - 2002 500.0 400.0 - 600.0 - 2002
Western Europe
Cyprus 43.0 - 1996 12,903.0 - 1996
France 13.5 - 2001
Greece 7.3 70.0 - 80.0 1997 5,474.0 80.0 - 90.0 1997
Norway 28.6 - 2002 10,360.0 8,480.0 - 12,240.0 - 2002
Sweden 37.2 24.8 - 49.6 - 2001 5,500.0 5,000.0 - 5,900.0 - 2001
Turkey 18.6 17.5 - 19.7 1999 1,880.0 1,410.0 - 2,350.0 - 2002
United Kingdom 14.9 12.0 - 14.9 - 2002

365
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

HEROIN
Retail and wholesale prices and purity levels:
breakdown by drug, region and country or territory
(prices expressed in US$ or converted equivalent, and purity levels in percentage)

RETAIL PRICE (per gram) WHOLESALE PRICE (per kilogram)

Region / country or territory Typical Range Purity Year Typical Range Purity Year
Africa
East Africa
Kenya (Heroin no.3) 10.2 10.2 - 12.7 - 2002 13,000.0 - 1999
(Heroin no.4) 12.7 12.7 - 19.1 2002
Mauritius 337.8 2.0 - 5.0 2002 16,890.0 - 2002
20,000.0 - 2002
Uganda (Heroin no.3) 9.0 8.0 - 10.0 15.0 - 25.0 2001 15,000.0 10,000.0 - 20,000.0 25.0 - 40.0 2001
(Heroin no.4) 15.0 10.0 - 20.0 40.0 - 60.0 2001 30,000.0 20,000.0 - 40,000.0 60.0 - 95.0 2001
United Republic of Tanzania 25.0 - 1999 18,800.0 - 1999
North Africa
Algeria 189,193.9 - 1999
Egypt 108.5 86.8 - 130.3 - 2002 23,880.0 17,370.0 - 30,390.0 - 2002
Southern Africa
Namibia (Heroin no.3 & 4) 32.9 32.9 - 42.3 - 2002 4,758.9 4,441.6 - 5,076.1 - 2001
South Africa 23.5 19.3 - 26.3 - 2002 14,110.0 16,931.0 - 20,698.0 - 2002
Swaziland 75.0 - 1998 50,000.0 - 1998
Zambia 31.8 - 2002
Zimbabwe 71.4 57.1 - 85.7 - 2002 320.0 270.0 - 360.0 - 2001
West and Central Africa
Congo 10,700.0 7,140.0 - 14,270.0 - 2002
Benin 20.2 - 1998 18,500.0 - 1998
Côte d'Ivoire (Heroin no.4) 3.6 1.4 - 7.1 - 2002 9,280.0 19.0 - 18,553.0 - 2002
Ghana (Heroin no.3 & No.4) 1.8 1.7 - 1.9 - 2002 18,250.0 17,000.0 - 19,500.0 - 2002
Nigeria (Heroin no.3) 21.0 16.8 - 21.0 - 2002 21,040.0 16,834.0 - 21,043.0 - 2002

Americas
Central America
Costa Rica 88,401.5 65,137.9 - 111,665.0 60.0 2001
El Salvador 75.0 69.9 - 80.0 60.0 - 100.0 2001 75,000.0 70,000.0 - 80.000.0 - 2002
Guatemala 63.6 50.9 - 76.3 75.0 - 90.0 2002 50,870.0 47,690.0 - 57,230.0 80.0 - 93.0 2002
Nicaragua 75.0 90.0 2002 75,000.0 90.0 2002
Panama (Heroin no.3) 12.5 10.0 - 15.0 80.0 - 90.0 2001 12,500.0 10,000.0 - 15,000.0 80.0 - 90.0 2001
(Heroin no.4) 12.5 10.0 - 15.0 80.0 - 90.0 2001 12,500.0 10,000.0 - 15,000.0 80.0 - 90.0 2001
North America
Canada 191.3 114.8 - 478.3 60.0 - 90.0 2002 51,020.0 51,020 - 89,290.0 50.0 - 90.0 2002
Mexico 32,850.0 - 2002
United States (Heroin no.3) 70.0 60.0 - 80.0 40.0 - 75.0 2002 21,500.0 18,000.0 - 25,000.0 36.0 2002
(Heroin no.4) 95.0 90.0 - 100.0 20.0 - 25.0 2002 80,000.0 60,000.0 - 100,000.0 72.0 - 79.0 2002
(black tar heroin) 211.5 80.0 - 600.0 2000 70,500.0 24,000.0 - 175,000.0 2000
South America
Argentina 5,330.0 5,150.0 - 5,500.0 - 2002
Colombia 20.0 10.0 - 30.0 - 2002 8,520.0 - 2002
Ecuador 5,000.0 96.0 1999
Uruguay 115,000.0 100,000.0 - 130,000.0 - 2002
Venezuela (Heroin no.4) 9.2 8.4 - 10.1 10.0 - 20.0 2002 11,320.0 10,060 - 12,580.0 85.0 - 90.0 2002
Caribbean
Bermuda 20.0 - 2002
Dominican Republic 30.0 - 2001 30,000.0 - 2001
Saint Lucia 30.0 - 2000 25,000.0 - 2000

366
 [Link]: Opiates

HEROIN
Retail and wholesale prices and purity levels:
breakdown by drug, region and country or territory
(prices expressed in US$ or converted equivalent, and purity levels in percentage)

RETAIL PRICE (per gram) WHOLESALE PRICE (per kilogram)

Region / country or territory Typical Range Purity Year Typical Range Purity Year
Asia
Central Asia and Transcaucasia
Armenia 135.0 120.0 - 150.0 - 2000
Azerbaijan 75.0 50.0 - 100.0 - 1999 36,000.0 35,000.0 - 37,000.0 - 2001
Kazakhstan 14,500.0 - 2002
Kyrgyzstan 6,830.0 - 2002
(Heroin no.4) 21.0 20.0 - 22.0 40.0 - 60.0 2002 8,000.0 6,000.0 - 10,000.0 50.0 - 90.0 2002
Tajikistan 6,830.0 - 2002
(Heroin no.4) 6.0 4.0 - 8.0 10.0 2002 4,750.0 1,500.0 - 8,000.0 10.0 - 80.0 2002
Turkmenistan 13.3 9.0 - 17.6 - 2001 35,670.0 - 2002
Uzbekistan 25.0 15.0 - 35.0 - 2002 22,070.0 - 2002
East and South-East Asia
Brunei Darussalam (Heroin no.4 112.0 - 2001 239,521.0 - 1998
China 50.0 13.0 - 185.0 - 2002 25,000.0 10,000.0 - 50,000.0 - 2002
Hong Kong SAR, China (Heroin 53.2 41.3 - 67.4 22.0 - 57.0 2002 28,570.0 22,910.0 - 33,000.0 - 2002
Indonesia 38.6 33.1 - 44.1 - 2002 22,070.0 27,590.0 - 33,100.0 - 2002
Japan 159.8 - 2002 21,570.0 - 2002
Macau 50.0 37.0 - 62.0 - 2002
Malaysia 355.7 81.3 - 609.8 32.5 1997 1,340.0 - 1998
Myanmar (Heroin no.4) 9.3 4.6 - 11.1 - 2002 3,619.9 - 1999
Philippines 109.4 90.1 - 128.7 90 1999
Republic of Korea 142.2 94.8 - 189.6 - 2001 27,640.0 - 2001
Singapore (Heroin no.3) 62.7 55.7 - 69.7 - 2002 3,230.0 2,560.0 - 3,900.0 - 2002
Thailand 47.0 14.7 - 79.4 - 2001 8,507.5 7,292.2 - 9,722.9 70.0 - 90.0 1998
Vietnam 45.1 20.6 - 68.5 - 2002 20,750.0 16,000.0 - 25,700.0 - 2002
Near and Middle East/ South- West Asia
Afghanistan 2.7 2.0 - 3.4 85.0 - 95.0 2002 2,700.0 2,060.0 - 3,400.0 80.0 - 95.0 2002
Iran ( Islamic Republic of) 1.1 0.8 - 1.5 4.0 - 20.0 2001 3,410.0 2002
Israel 27.9 22.3 - 33.4 - 2002 17,780.0 13,330.0 - 22,220.0 - 2002
Jordan 49.4 42.4 - 56.5 - 2002 19,774.0 18,361.6 - 21,186.4 - 2002
Kuwait 98,684.2 - 1998
Lebanon (Heroin no.3) 35.0 30.0 - 40.0 40.0 - 60.0 2002 20,000.0 15,000.0 - 25,000.0 30.0 - 50.0 2002
(Heroin no.4) 40.0 35.0 - 45.0 - 2002 40,000.0 35,000.0 - 45,000.0 70.0 - 80.0 2002
Oman 116.6 - 2002 123,697.9 117,187.5 - 130,208.3 - 2001
Pakistan 4,510.0 4,060.0 - 4,740.0 - 2002
(Heroin no.3) 1.0 1.0 - 1.4 - 2002 1,009.2 934.1 - 1,084.2 - 2001
(Heroin no.4) 1.9 1.5 - 2.0 - 2002 4,295.1 3,919.8 - 4,670.4 - 2001
Qatar 137.0 137.0 - 164.0 - 2002 68,682.5 54,945.0 - 82,420.0 - 1996
Saudi Arabia 240.0 213.3 - 266.7 - 2001 266,666.0 25.0 1998
Syrian Arab Republic 20.0 17.0 - 23.0 15.0 - 35.0 2002 17,000.0 15,000.0 - 19,000.0 25.0 - 50.0 2002
South Asia
Bangladesh (Heroin no.3) 5.0 4.0 - 6.0 2.0 - 4.0 2002 5,000.0 4,000.0 - 6,000.0 2.0 - 6.0 2002
(Heroin no.4) 6.0 5.0 - 8.0 3.0 - 7.0 2002 7,000.0 6,000.0 - 8,000.0 2.0 - 7.0 2002
India 5.0 2.7 - 7.3 - 2000 5,389.5 2,155.8 - 8,623.1 - 2001
Maldives 85,324.2 - 1999
Nepal 20.6 14.3 - 26.9 - 1996 20,000.0 15,000.0 - 25,000.0 - 1998
Sri Lanka 24.8 11.6 - 38.0 - 2002 12,883.6 11,452.1 - 14,315.2 - 1999

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HEROIN
Retail and wholesale prices and purity levels:
breakdown by drug, region and country or territory
(prices expressed in US$ or converted equivalent, and purity levels in percentage)

RETAIL PRICE (per gram) WHOLESALE PRICE (per kilogram)

Region / country or territory Typical Range Purity Year Typical Range Purity Year
Europe
Eastern Europe
Albania 2.9 2.2 - 3.6 - 2002 14,500.0 12,000.0 - 17,000.0 - 2002
Belarus (Heroin no.2) 35.0 30.0 - 40.0 - 2002 20,000.0 15,000.0 - 30,000.0 - 2002
Bulgaria 2.9 2.4 - 3.4 8.0 2002 6,211.8 5,521.6 - 6,902.0 55.0 - 72.0 2001
Croatia 31.9 25.5 - 57.3 10.0 - 20.0 2002 25,480.0 12,740.0 - 38,220.0 60.0 - 80.0 2002
Czech Republic 42.4 21.7 - 63.1 5.0 - 41.0 2002 25,100.0 12,530.0 - 37,680.0 20.0 - 41.0 2002
Estonia (Heroin no.4) 45.3 36.3 - 54.4 10.0 2002 41,880.0 29,920.0 - 53.580.0 30.0 2002
Hungary 27.3 22.6 - 30.1 15.0 - 55.0 2002 12,240.0 11,300.0 - 13,190.0 10.0 - 55.0 2002
Latvia (Heroin no.4) 56.2 32.1 - 80.3 - 2001 5,624.4 3,214.0 - 8,034.9 - 2001
Lithuania 51.3 21.6 - 81.1 5.0 - 20.0 2002 25,670.0 13,510.0 - 37,830.0 30.0 - 60.0 2002
Poland 55.4 50.3 - 75.5 20.0 - 30.0 2002 27,670.0 25,160.0 - 30,190.0 - 2002
Republic of Moldova 63.0 50.4 - 75.6 - 2001 27,727.8 25,207.1 - 30,248.5 - 2001
(Heroin no.3) 30.0 - 2001
Romania 30,000.0 80.0 2001
Russian Federation 31.1 29.2 - 33.0 - 2002 15,540.0 14,130.0 - 16,950.0 - 2002
Serbia and Montenegro 27.5 25.0 - 30.0 6.0 - 12.0 2001 22,500.0 20,000.0 - 25,000.0 - 2001
Slovakia 23.6 18.8 - 28.3 - 2002 15,070.0 14,130.0 - 16,480.0 - 2002
Slovenia 22.1 17.7 - 26.6 - 2002 11,070.0 - 2002
The [Link] of Macedonia 37.2 33.0 - 41.4 - 2002 16,480.0 14,130.0 - 18,840.0 - 2002
Ukraine 16.5 14.1 - 18.8 - 2002 10,130.0 9,420.0 - 10,830.0 - 2002
60.0 50.0 - 65.0 - 2002 48,000.0 45,000.0 - 50,000.0 - 2002
Western Europe
Andorra 128.5 - 1999
Austria (Heroin no.3) 91.8 42.4 - 141.3 25.0 2002 23,550.0 18,840.0 - 28,260.0 2.0 - 51.0 2002
Belgium (Heroin no.3) 28.7 19.8 - 37.7 - 2002 22,230.0 17,570.0 - 26,940.0 6.0 - 90.0 2002
Cyprus 100.0 80.0 - 120.0 - 2002 22,500.0 20,000.0 - 25,000.0 - 2002
Denmark (Heroin no.3) 126.1 63.0 - 189.1 - 2002 20,800.0 18,910.0 - 22,690.0 18.0 - 78.0 2002
(Heroin no.4) 163.9 75.7 - 252.2 - 2002 69,340.0 63,040.0 - 75,650.0 - 2002
Finland 188.4 141.3 - 235.5 7.0 2002 51,800.0 47,090.0 - 56,510.0 7.0 2002
France (Heroin no.3) 47.1 42.4 - 65.9 2.0 - 10.0 2002 23,550.0 10.0 - 40.0 2002
(Heroin no.4) 75.4 56.5 - 113.0 2.0 - 10.0 2002 37,680.0 10.0 - 40.0 2002
Germany 38.3 17.0 - 59.3 - 2002 20,330.0 13,300.0 - 27,310.0 - 2002
Greece (Heroin no.3) 44.7 18.8 - 70.6 - 2002 15,540.0 11,300.0 - 19,780.0 - 2002
(Heroin no.4) 44.7 18.8 - 70.6 - 2002 19,310.0 14,130.0 - 24,490.0 2.0 - 80.0 2002
Iceland 372.0 - 1998
Ireland (Heroin no.3) 179.0 169.5 - 188.4 25.0 - 35.0 2002 43,478.3 60.0 - 70.0 1999
Italy (Heroin no. 3) 58.7 53.3 - 64.1 - 2002 27,000.0 24,560.0 - 29,450.0 3.0 - 30.0 2002
(Heroin no. 4) 77.7 72.3 - 83.2 - 2002 40,330.0 37,440.0 - 42,230.0 - 2002
Liechtenstein 48.5 34.7 - 62.4 - 1997 27,760.0 - 1997
Luxembourg 138.5 108.0 - 170.5 - 1998 50,368.5 47,717.5 - 53,019.5 - 1999
Malta (Heroin no.3) 70.0 20.0 2001 45,200.0 60.0 2001
Monaco 86.5 65.0 1997 87,100.0 65.0 1997
Netherlands 34.9 22.6 - 47.1 - 2002 29,200.0 20,720.0 - 37,680.0 - 2002
Norway 164.8 94.2 - 235.5 10.0 - 75.0 2002 37,680.0 28,260.0 - 47,090.0 10.0 - 75.0 2002
Portugal (Heroin no.3) 41.2 20.0 2002 25,840.0 23,490.0 - 28,190.0 - 2002
Spain 60.8 34.0 2002 41,200.0 51.0 2002
Sweden (Heroin no.3) 127.7 102.2 - 153.3 - 2002 25,540.0 20,440.0 - 30,650.0 - 2002
(Heroin no.4) 153.3 102.2 - 204.4 - 2002 71,530.0 61,310.0 - 81,740.0 - 2002
Switzerland 38.5 25.5 - 51.1 - 2002 19,150.0 12,770.0 - 19,150.0 8.0 - 21.0 2002
Turkey 17.5 15.0 - 20.0 - 2001 7,540.0 5,650.0 - 9,420.0 - 2002
United Kingdom 91.1 44.8 - 149.4 - 2002 30,620.0 23,900.0 - 37,340.0 - 2002

Oceania
Australia 201.9 114.3 - 539.8 - 2002 75,580.0 53,980.0 - 97,710.0 - 2002
New Zealand 387.2 318.9 - 455.5 - 2002

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 [Link]: Cocaine

5.2. Cocaine: Wholesale and street prices and Purity Levels

Prices in Europe and in USA, 1990-2003
Retail price (street price), US$/gram

EUROPE 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Austria 198 180 167 120 126 156 138 118 113 93 94 78 71 91

Belgium 80 90 68 95 82 93 90 57 55 60 55 51 50 53

Denmark 144 135 111 90 150 176 169 108 119 165 106 120 91 105

Finland 159 150 126 105 165 191 184 123 179 157 138 121 111 152

France 99 119 140 153 151 174 125 87 84 82 50 87 75 91

Germany 120 103 111 95 109 103 90 77 72 68 57 58 57 68

Greece 150 120 105 54 116 111 144 91 54 82 69 72 75 96

Iceland 167 203 207 200 211 228 226 238 149 134 121 109 150 207

Italy 108 120 164 90 104 113 129 109 129 135 100 89 90 103

Luxembourg 150 150 150 150 172 194 127 115 110 119 119 119 107 96

Netherlands 66 70 74 66 60 79 52 64 38 33 33 33 33 50

Norway 176 170 255 156 145 150 153 177 133 128 114 157 165 201

Portugal 63 57 60 57 59 66 64 57 51 43 56 48 36 52

Spain 110 100 100 63 78 91 72 68 68 63 52 52 56 70

Sweden 160 152 183 123 148 118 118 98 88 97 77 79 87 96

Switzerland 178 144 188 136 146 148 127 117 110 109 77 69 74 74

United Kingdom 131 127 69 123 113 111 102 124 128 104 94 94 84 87
Ireland 141 137 120 110 100 119 32 34 32 30 28 28 94 115

Average unweighted 133 129 133 110 124 134 119 103 95 95 80 81 84 100

[Link]. 188 175 174 141 154 162 139 119 107 104 85 84 86 100

Weighted average 117 115 118 104 112 118 105 92 92 88 70 74 72 84

Adjusted for inflation 165 155 154 132 139 143 123 106 103 97 75 77 73 84
Sources: ARQ or EUROPOL, except 2003 EUROPOL, and in italic UNODC

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
USA 184 177 170 147 137 131 126 127 124 118 129 70 90
Adjusted for inflation 260 239 223 188 169 159 148 145 140 130 138 73 92
Sources: ONDCP 1990-2000 (prices for 1 gram or less, at street purity), ARQ 2001 - 2002 (mid-point of min/max prices)

Wholesale price, US$/kg

EUROPE 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Austria 66,000 60,000 54,000 40,000 41,946 52,084 45,875 56,723 54,440 38,859 47,094 43,995 42,385 59,434

Belgium 25,000 24,000 38,250 28,000 26,920 30,560 21,927 17,025 19,167 23,859 22,376 26,771 28,111 20,717

Denmark 80,000 85,000 85,000 82,500 58,516 60,034 46,141 38,640 44,517 78,900 43,462 47,839 37,823 52,325

Finland 79,500 75,000 62,750 52,500 82,500 95,450 91,750 61,550 89,350 78,460 68,321 59,492 51,804 62,264

France 117,000 38,250 45,000 38,250 40,000 39,877 48,077 43,554 42,159 27,714 27,000 34,978 37,676 45,283

Germany 69,000 53,100 60,300 54,142 57,692 54,676 53,925 45,294 41,210 39,639 33,752 33,235 34,476 40,893

Greece 75,000 60,000 95,000 36,000 46,413 53,098 72,015 43,795 49,180 49,320 41,237 40,359 42,385 53,774

Italy 54,000 48,000 94,000 41,935 51,097 51,455 55,633 50,629 49,091 47,250 46,000 40,529 41,412 48,464

Luxembourg 93,919 95,939 113,521 50,847 157,593 141,343 47,625 43,103 41,072 47,718 47,718 47,718 47,718 47,718

Netherlands 26,500 27,000 29,500 26,500 24,680 33,232 23,894 29,698 22,355 27,500 27,500 27,500 27,500 27,453

Norway 120,000 120,000 127,500 110,000 39,971 50,000 41,670 60,028 81,699 57,545 51,417 51,569 54,159 64,953

Portugal 39,500 39,285 33,000 27,000 27,950 34,483 42,591 37,908 33,447 30,000 28,000 29,080 31,046 32,469

Spain 65,000 60,000 55,000 35,000 36,434 41,322 38,760 36,806 38,924 38,898 30,882 38,898 31,511 38,903

Sweden 80,000 76,200 91,375 61,450 73,825 55,556 59,255 45,573 50,484 48,508 38,394 34,693 35,763 41,991

Switzerland 63,900 94,250 116,250 50,847 72,012 75,949 51,587 40,780 41,152 41,000 35,482 23,392 19,274 19,274

United Kingdom 47,850 46,475 20,625 43,210 45,000 46,774 40,625 47,500 47,500 33,981 38,168 36,008 35,848 39,539
Ireland 45,000 45,000 40,000 50,000 45,000 42,000 31,646 33,733 31,530 29,891 29,891 29,891 29,891 29,891

Average unweighted 67,481 61,618 68,298 48,717 54,562 56,347 47,823 43,079 45,722 43,473 38,629 37,997 36,987 42,667

[Link]. 95,069 83,310 89,592 62,056 67,733 68,033 56,095 49,385 51,582 48,013 41,266 39,473 37,838 42,667

Weighted average 67,800 50,675 57,354 43,992 47,026 48,138 47,737 43,965 43,425 38,478 35,569 36,091 35,946 41,949

Adjusted for inflation (kg) 95,519 68,515 75,235 56,037 58,379 58,123 55,995 50,401 48,991 42,496 37,998 37,493 36,773 41,949
inflation adjusted (gram) 96 69 75 56 58 58 56 50 49 42 38 37 37 42
Sources: ARQ or EUROPOL, except 2003 EUROPOL, and in italic UNODC

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
USA 45,430 48,300 48,100 44,730 42,180 38,640 35,700 34,320 31,960 30,870 29,580 21,500 23,000
Adjusted for inflation (kg) 45,430 48,300 48,100 44,730 42,180 38,640 35,700 34,320 31,960 30,870 29,580 22,335 23,529
Adjusted for inflation (gram) 45 48 48 45 42 39 36 34 32 31 30 22 24
Sources: ONDCP 1990-2000 (prices for 10-100 gram, at street purity), ARQ 2001 - 2002 (mid-point of min/max prices)

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 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

COCAINE
Retail and wholesale prices and purity levels:
breakdown by drug, region and country or territory
(prices expressed in US$ or converted equivalent, and purity levels in percentage)

RETAIL PRICE (per gram) WHOLESALE PRICE (per kilogram)

Region / country or territory Typical Range Purity Year Typical Range Purity Year
Africa
East Africa
Kenya 31.8 25.5 - 38.2 - 2002 44,580.0 38,210.0 - 50,950.0 40.0 - 50.0 2002
Rwanda 26,000.0 - 2002
Uganda 100.0 - 2000 200,000.0 90.0 2000
North Africa
Egypt 184.5 152.0 - 217.1 - 2002 97,690.0 86,830.0 - 108,540.0 - 2002
Southern Africa
Namibia 47.6 44.4 - 50.8 - 2001 4,758.8 4,441.6 - 5,076.1 - 2001
(Crack) 9.4 9.4 - 11.3 - 2002
South Africa 21.6 23.5 - 26.3 - 2002 15,990.0 13,169.0 - 20,694.0 - 2002
(Crack) 5,080.0 - 2001
Swaziland (Coca Base) 188.1 141.1 - 282.2 - 2002 7,600.0 - 1999
(Crack) 0.3 0.3 - 0.4 - 2001
Zambia 47.0 80.0 2002
Zimbabwe 89.3 71.1 - 128.6 - 2002 50,000.0 18,181.8 - 81,818.2 - 2001
(Crack) 44.6 35.7 - 53.6
West and Central Africa
Congo 5,710.0 4,280.0 - 7,140.0 - 2002
Côte d'Ivoire 4.3 2.1 - 9.9 - 2002 12,130.0 24.0 - 24,262.0 - 2002
Ghana 1.5 1.4 - 1.6 - 2002 15,000.0 14,000.0 - 16,000.0 - 2002
Nigeria 25.3 21.0 - 25.3 - 2002 25.250.0 21,043.0 - 25,252.0 - 2002

Americas
Central America
Costa Rica 19.6 16.8 - 22.4 - 2002 5,180.0 4,760.0 - 5,600.0 53.0 - 90.0 2002
(Crack) 14.7 9.8 - 19.6 - 2002 2,330.0 1,550.0 - 3,100.0 - 2001
El Salvador 24.0 23.0 - 25.0 - 2002 24,000.0 23,000.0 - 25,000.0 - 2002
(Crack) 24.0 23.0 - 25.0 - 2002 24,000.0 23,000.0 - 25,000.0 - 2002
Guatemala (Coca Base) 12.7 10.2 - 12.7 80.0 - 90.0 2002 12,720.0 11,450.0 - 12,720.0 80.0 - 93.0 2002
(Crack) 8.6 7.6 - 9.5 50.0 - 60.0 2002 7,630.0 6,360.0 - 7,630.0 50.0 - 70.0 2002
Honduras (Coca Base) 15.3 12.2 - 18.3 - 2002 5,190.0 4,880.0 - 5,490.0 - 2002
(Crack) 6.7 6.1 - 7.3 - 2002 3,110.0 2,930.0 - 3,300.0 - 2002
Nicaragua 5.0 - 2002 5,000.0 - 2002
(Crack) 1.0 - 2002 1,000.0 - 2002
Panama 1.5 1.0 - 2.0 40.0 - 80.0 2001 1,600.0 1,200.0 - 2,000.0 - 2001
(Coca Base) 1.5 1.0 - 2.0 40.0 - 80.0 2001 1,600.0 1,200.0 - 2,000.0 - 2001
(Crack) 1.5 1.0 - 2.0 40.0 - 80.0 2001 1,600.0 1,200.0 - 2,000.0 - 2001
North America
Canada 51.0 31.9 - 127.6 68.0 2002 28,700.0 20,410.0 - 38,270.0 85.0 - 95.0 2002
(Crack) 95.7 63.0 - 127.6 72.0 2002
Mexico 7,880.0 - 2002
United States 90.0 80.0 - 100.0 56.0 2002 23,000.0 10,000.0 - 36,000.0 69.0 2002
(Crack) 65.0 30.0 - 100.0 - 2002

370
 [Link]: Cocaine

COCAINE
Retail and wholesale prices and purity levels:
breakdown by drug, region and country or territory
(prices expressed in US$ or converted equivalent, and purity levels in percentage)

RETAIL PRICE (per gram) WHOLESALE PRICE (per kilogram)

Region / country or territory Typical Range Purity Year Typical Range Purity Year
South America
Argentina 20.0 18.0 - 22.0 4.0 - 20.0 2001 3,870.0 2.580.0 - 5,150.0 - 2002
(Coca Base) 10.0 8.0 - 12.0 - 2001 2,060.0 1,720.0 - 2,410.0 - 2002
(Crack) 15.0 13.0 - 17.0 - 2001 1,460.0 1,370.0 - 1,550.0 - 2002
Bolivia 5.0 80.0 2002 1,500.0 - 2002
(Coca Base) 3.0 70.0 2002 1,200.0 - 2002
Brazil 4.9 - 1997 2,500.0 - 1996
Chile 2.4 - 1997 6,000.0 95.0 1998
Colombia 2.5 2.0 - 3.0 - 2002 1,750.0 - 2002
Ecuador 1.0 70.0 1999 2,000.0 96.0 1999
Guyana 8.0 6.0 - 10.0 - 1996 5,360.0 4,500.0 - 6,210.0 - 1996
Paraguay 6.5 - 1999 3,500.0 - 1999
Peru 5.0 4.0 - 6.0 80.0 2001 870.0 850.0 - 880.0 - 2002
(Coca Base) 2.0 1.5 - 2.5 75.0 2001 350.0 300.0 - 400.0 70.0 2001
Suriname (Coca Base) 3.8 3.0 - 4.5 - 2001 4,000.0 3,000.0 - 5,000.0 - 2002
(crack) 1.7 1.2 - 2.3 - 2002
Uruguay 6.0 5.0 - 7.0 20.0 - 40.0 2002 5,750.0 5,000.0 - 6,500.0 20.0 - 40.0 2002
Venezuela 4.6 4.2 - 5.0 10.0 - 20.0 2002 3,150.0 2,940.0 - 3,350.0 85.0 - 90.0 2002
(crack) 1.5 1.3 - 1.7 - 2002 150.0 130.0 - 170.0 - 2002
Caribbean
Bahamas (Coca Base) 15,000.0 13,000.0 - 20,000.0 - 2002
(crack) 60.0 50.0 - 70.0 - 2002
Bermuda 125.0 - 2002 65,000.0 60,000.0 - 70,000.0 50.0 - 80.0 2002
(crack) 50.0 - 2002 65,000.0 60,000.0 - 70,000.0 50.0 - 70.0 2002
Cayman Islands 25.0 20.0 - 30.0 85.0 - 95.0 2002 11,000.0 10,000.0 - 12,000.0 85.0 - 95.0 2002
(Coca Base) 200.0 180.0 - 220.0 85.0 - 95.0 2002
Cuba 100.0 - 1996 7,500.0 5,000.0 - 10,000.0 70.0 - 90.0 1996
Dominican Republic 10.0 - 2001 10,000.0 - 2001
Grenada (Coca Base) 19.4 16.7 - 22.2 - 2001 7,037.0 6,666.7 - 7,407.4 - 2001
Haiti (Coca Base) 6.5 6.0 - 7.0 - 2001 5,500.0 5,000.0 - 6,000.0 - 2001
Jamaica 7.0 6.0 - 8.0 90.0 2001 5,500.0 5,000.0 - 6,000.0 90.0 2001
(crack) 1.4 1.2 - 1.5 - 2001 215.0 210.0 - 220.0 - 2001
Saint Lucia 10.0 - 2000 8,000.0 - 2000
Trinidad Tobago 50.0 5.1 2001 27,000.0 75.0 2001
Turks and Caicos Islands 10.0 10.0 - 20.0 90.0 2002 8,000.0 6,000.0 - 8,000.0 95.0 2002

Asia
Central Asia and Transcaucasia
Azerbaijan 125.0 - 1999
East and South-East Asia
Hong Kong SAR, China 161.9 128.4 - 182.9 - 2002 40.060.0 26,320.0 - 44,930.0 - 2002
Republic of Korea 720.1 593.0 - 847.1 85.0 1999 58,840.0 55,290.0 - 62,390.0 - 2001
Indonesia 49.7 44.1 - 55.2 - 2002 11,030.00 9,380.0 - 13,240.0 - 2002
Japan 103.9 47.9 - 195.8 - 2002
(Coca Base) 373.3 - 2002
Mongolia (Coca Base) 27,390.0 - 2001
Philippines 109.4 90.1 - 128.7 - 1999

371
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

COCAINE
Retail and wholesale prices and purity levels:
breakdown by drug, region and country or territory
(prices expressed in US$ or converted equivalent, and purity levels in percentage)

RETAIL PRICE (per gram) WHOLESALE PRICE (per kilogram)

Region / country or territory Typical Range Purity Year Typical Range Purity Year
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia .
Israel (Coca Base) 67.5 45.0 - 90.0 - 2002 45,000.0 40,000.0 - 50,000.0 - 2002
Jordan (Coca Base) 141.2 - 1998 70,621.5 63,559.3 - 77,683.6 - 2002
Lebanon 70.0 50.0 - 90.0 50.0 - 90.0 2001 65,000.0 50,000.0 - 80,000.0 80.0 - 90.0 2002
(Coca Base) 50.0 40.0 - 60.0 60.0 - 90.0 2001 50,000.0 30,000.0 - 70,000.0 70.0 - 90.0 2001
Saudi Arabia 9,070.0 0.2 1998
Syrian Arab Republic 100.0 80.0 - 120.0 40.0 - 60.0 2002 60,000.0 50,000.0 - 70,000.0 50.0 - 70.0 2002
South Asia
India (Coca Base) 50,660.6 25,869.2 - 75,451.9 - 2001

Europe
Eastern Europe
Albania 54.2 50.6 - 57.8 - 2002 45,000.0 40,000.0 - 50,000.0 - 2002
Bulgaria 48.1 38.5 - 58.7 - 2002 32,209.3 27,608.0 - 36,810.6 90.0 - 92.0 2001
Croatia 63.7 51.0 - 76.4 20.0 - 50.0 2002 31,850.0 28,030.0 - 38,220.0 60.0 - 80.0 2002
Czech Republic 70.6 49.0 - 94.2 50.0 - 86.0 2002 43,940.0 31,080.0 - 56,510.0 75.0 - 86.0 2002
Estonia 48.3 36.3 - 60.4 - 2002 62,820.0 53,850.0 - 71,800.0 - 2002
Hungary 61.2 56.5 - 65.9 30.0 - 80.0 2002 32,020.0 30,140.0 - 33,910.0 30.0 - 80.0 2002
Latvia 68.3 56.2 - 80.3 - 2001
Lithuania 70.3 32.4 - 108.1 20.0 - 40.0 2002 27,020.0 21,610.0 - 32,420.0 40.0 - 60.0 2002
(Coca Base) 62.5 50.0 - 75.0 30.0 - 50.0 2001
Poland (Coca Base) 50.3 40.3 - 75.5 14.0 - 21.0 2002 27,670.0 25,160.0 - 30,190.0 40.0 - 84.0 2002

Republic of Moldova (Coca B 60.0 90.0 2001 30,000.0 90.0 2001

Romania 54.2 42.4 - 65.9 - 2002 23,550.0 18,840.0 - 28,260.0 - 2002
Russian Federation 110.0 100.0 - 120.0 - 2001 80,000.0 60,000.0 - 100,000.0 70.0 - 90.0 2001
Serbia and Montenegro 35.9 26.9 - 44.8 - 2001 38,100.0 31,400.0 - 44,800.0 - 2001
(Coca Base) 47.1 42.4 - 47.1 - 2002 37,680.0 28,260.0 - 51,800.0 - 2002
Slovakia 22,140.0 - 2002
(crack) 60.9 55.3 - 66.4 - 2002 104,000.8 41,600.3 - 166,401.2 60.0 - 95.0 2001
Slovenia 63.6 61.2 - 65.9 - 2002 63,580.0 61,220.0 - 65,930.0 - 2002
The former [Link] of Mace 37.7 28.3 - 47.1 - 2002 30,610.0 23,550.0 - 37.680.0 - 2002
Ukraine 130.0 110.0 - 150.0 - 2002 100,000.0 90,000.0 - 110,000.0 - 2002
Western Europe
Andorra 59.0 53.6 - 64.4 - 2001
Austria 70.6 61.2 - 80.1 50.0 2002 42,390.0 37,680.0 - 47,090.0 1.0 - 92.0 2002
Belgium 50.4 39.6 - 60.8 - 2002 28,110.0 23,420.0 - 32,800.0 9.0 - 100.0 2002
Cyprus (Coca Base) 100.0 80.0 - 120.0 - 2002 28,500.0 27,000.0 - 30,000.0 - 2002
Denmark 91.4 56.7 - 126.1 - 2002 37,820.0 25,220.0 - 50,430.0 10.0 - 86.0 2002
Finland 110.7 63.1 - 158.2 - 2002 51,800.0 47,090.0 - 56,510.0 - 2002
France 75.4 47.1 - 84.8 - 2002 37,680.0 28,260.0 - 45,210.0 60.0 - 90.0 2002
(Crack) 6.7 4.5 - 9.0 - 2001
Germany 57.1 33.0 - 87.6 - 2002 34,480.0 25,350.0 - 44,740.0 - 2002
Greece 75.4 56.5 - 94.2 - 2002 42,390.0 32,970.0 - 51,810.0 4.0 - 87.0 2002
Iceland 150.0 100.0 - 200.0 - 2002
Ireland 89.7 80.7 - 98.7 60.0 - 70.0 2001 29,891.3 60.0 - 70.0 1999
Italy 90.3 81.6 - 99.0 - 2002 41,410.0 37,440.0 - 45,670.0 18.0 - 87.0 2002
Liechtenstein 84.5 67.6 - 101.4 40.0 - 50.0 1998 40,540.0 33,780.0 - 47,300.0 70.0 - 80.0 1998
Luxembourg 119.3 79.5 - 159.1 15.0 - 35.0 1999 47,717.5 42,415.6 - 53,019.5 85.0 - 90.0 1999
Malta 79.1 40.0 2001 67,810.0 60.0 2001
Monaco 203.0 - 1997
Netherlands 60.7 48.5 - 72.8 - 1999 27,500.0 25,000.0 - 30,000.0 - 1999
Norway 165.0 94.2 - 235.5 15.0 - 90.0 2002 54,160.0 37,680.0 - 70,640.0 15.0 - 90.0 2002
Portugal 36.3 - 2002 28,190.0 25,840.0 - 30,540.0 - 2002
Spain 55.6 50.0 2002 31,510.0 71.0 2002
Sweden 86.9 71.5 - 102.2 - 2002 35,760.0 30,650.0 - 40,870.0 - 2002
Switzerland 73.1 51.1 - 95.7 - 2002 35,040.0 25,530.0 - 51,060.0 38.0 - 58.0 2002
Turkey (Coca Base) 80.0 70.0 - 90.0 - 2001 84,770.0 75,350.0 - 94,190.0 - 2002
United Kingdom 83.6 52.3 - 149.4 45.0 2002 35,850.0 26,890.0 - 44,810.0 1.0 - 89.0 2002
(Crack) 132.9 44.2 - 298.7 20.0 - 100.02002 35,850.0 26,890.0 - 44,810.0 21.0 - 93.0 2002
OCEANIA
Australia (Coca Base) 146.8 99.0 - 269.9 39.0 2002 98,190.0 95,210.0 - 107,110.0 - 2002
New Zealand 170.8 136.7 - 205.0 - 2002

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5.3. Cannabis: Wholesale and Street Prices and Purity Levels

HERBAL CANNABIS
Retail and wholesale prices and purity levels:
breakdown by drug, region and country or territory
(prices expressed in US$ or converted equivalent, and purity levels in percentage)

RETAIL PRICE (per gram) WHOLESALE PRICE (per kilogram)

Region / country or territory Typical Range Purity Year Typical Range Purity Year

Africa
East Africa
Ghana 51.0 39.2 - 62.7 1999
Kenya 0.2 0.1 - 0.3 - 2002 119.8 - 1996
Madagascar 1.3 1.1 - 1.4 100.0 2002 10.0 100.0 2002
Mauritius 10.1 80.0 - 100.0 2002 4,300.0 3,600.0 - 5,000.0 2001
Seychelles 6.0 - 1998 4,100.0 3,680.0 - 4,600.0 - 2002
Uganda 40.0 30.0 - 50.0 - 2001 75.0 50.0 - 100.0 2001
North Africa
Egypt 0.3 - 2001 120.0 50.0 2001
Morocco 426.0 - 1997
Southern Africa
Malawi 0.1 - 2002 5.0 4.0 - 6.0 2002
Namibia 0.3 0.3 - 2.4 - 2002 450.0 400.0 - 500.0 - 2001
South Africa 0.1 - 2002 10.0 10.0 - 20.0 - 2002
Swaziland 0.1 - 2001 50.0 - 1998
Zambia 0.1 0.1 - 0.6 100.0 2002
Zimbabwe 0.1 - 2002 40.0 30.0 - 40.0 - 2002
West and Central Africa
Benin 8.4 - 1998
Burkina Faso 20.0 - 2001
Congo 25.0 20.0 - 30.0 - 2001
Côte d'Ivoire 0.7 0.1 - 1.4 - 2002 7.0 1.0 - 36.0 2002
Ghana 4.0 3.0 - 5.0 - 2002 300.0 230.0 - 350.0 - 2002
Nigeria 0.3 0.3 - 0.4 - 2002 13.0 - 2002

Americas
Central America
Costa Rica 2.2 1.7 - 2.8 - 2002 840.0 2002
El Salvador 1.0 1.0 - 1.1 - 2002 1,070.0 1,000.0 - 1,140 2002
Guatemala 1.9 1.3 - 2.5 100.0 2002 100.0 100.0 2002
Honduras 0.5 0.3 - 0.6 - 2002 70.0 40.0 - 100.0 - 2002
Nicaragua 0.1 - 2002 140.0 100.0 - 140.0 - 2002
Panama 0.8 0.5 - 1.0 60.0 - 80.0 2001 225.0 150.0 - 300.0 - 2001
North America
Canada 6.4 6.34 - 19.1 - 2002 4,465.0 3,830.0 - 5,100.0 3.0 - 18.0 2002
Mexico 80.0 - 2002
United States 10.0 2.0 - 130.0 2.0 - 13.0 2002 2,300.0 600.0 - 4,000.0 4.0 - 13.0 2002
South America
Argentina 1.5 1.3 - 1.7 0.5 - 6.0 2001 300.0 170.0 - 450.0 - 2002
Bolivia 0.8 - 2002 100.0 - 2002
Brazil 0.9 - 1997
Colombia 0.02 - 2001 20.0 - 2002
Chile 1.0 - 1996 800.0 - 1998
Ecuador 600.0 - 1999
Guyana 0.2 - 1996 65.0 50.0 - 80.0 - 1996
Paraguay 0.9 0.7 - 1.1 - 2002 10.0 - 2002
Peru 1.5 1.0 - 2.0 95.0 2001 60.0 50.0 - 70.0 95.0 2001
Suriname 0.9 0.5 - 1.4 - 2002 7.5 5.0 - 10.0 - 2001
Uruguay 0.2 0.1 - 0.2 90.0 - 100.0 2002 160.0 120.0 -180.0 90.0 - 100.0 2002
Venezuela 1.9 1.7 - 2.1 - 2002 110.0 100.0 - 130.0 2002

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 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

HERBAL CANNABIS
Retail and wholesale prices and purity levels:
breakdown by drug, region and country or territory
(prices expressed in US$ or converted equivalent, and purity levels in percentage)

RETAIL PRICE (per gram) WHOLESALE PRICE (per kilogram)

Region / country or territory Typical Range Purity Year Typical Range Purity Year

Caribbean
Bahamas 5.0 5.0 - 10.0 - 2002 1,000.0 800.0 - 1,600.0 - 2002
Bermuda 50.0 - 2002 13,000.0 11,000.0 - 15,000.0 - 2002
Cayman Islands 8.0 6.0 - 10.0 - 2002 2,000.0 1,500.0 - 2,500.0 - 2002
Dominican Republic 0.6 - 2001 450.0 400.0 - 500.0 - 1998
Grenada 1.3 1.1 - 1.4 - 2001 500.0 400.0 - 600.0 - 2001
Jamaica 61.0 57.0 - 65.0 - 2001
Saint Lucia 0.8 - 2000 630.0 600.0 - 660.0 - 2000
Trinidad Tobago 5.0 - 2001 3,000.0 - 2001
Turks and Caicos Islands 10.0 10.0 - 20.0 100.0 2002 600.0 500,0 - 600.0 100.0 2002

Asia
Central Asia and Transcaucasia
Armenia 1,000.0 - 1996
Azerbaijan 0.8 0.8 - 1.0 - 2002 700.0 650.0 - 800.0 - 2002
Kyrgyzstan 0.7 0.5 - 1.0 8.0 - 10.0 2002 10.0 8.0 - 10.0 2002
Tajikistan 0.3 0.1 - 0.4 - 2001 125.0 50.0 - 200.0 - 2001
Turkmenistan 0.8 0.2 - 1.4 - 2001 356.5 38.0 - 675.0 - 2001
Uzbekistan 200.0 100.0 - 300.0 - 1998
East and South-East Asia
Brunei Darussalam 0.1 - 2002 5,297.2 - 1998
Hong Kong SAR, China 8.6 6.2 - 12.9 - 2002 2,105.0 1,440.0 - 3,850.0 - 2002
Indonesia 1.1 100.0 2002 100.0 110.0 - 170.0 100.0 2002
Japan 52.2 4.0 - 100.3 - 2002 4,973.0 2,630.0 - 7,320.0 - 2002
Malaysia 0.5 0.5 - 0.6 - 1997 331.5 265.2 - 397.8 - 1999
Macau 12.0 10.0 - 15.0 - 2002 2,350.0 2,200.0 - 2,500.0 - 2002
Myanmar 0.1 0.1 - 0.2 - 2002 30.2 - 1999
Philippines 0.1 0.1 - 0.2 - 2001 61.0 41.0 - 81.0 - 2001
Republic of Korea 0.8 - 2001 100.0 - 2001
Singapore 3.7 - 2002 1,282.0 890.0 - 1,670.0 - 2002
Thailand 1.8 1.2 - 2.4 - 1999 90.0 30.0 -150.0 - 2001
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
Israel 2.2 - 2002 135.0 90.0 - 180.0 - 2002
Jordan 4.9 2.8 - 7.1 - 2002 565.0 490.0 - 640.0 - 2002
Lebanon 1,200.0 - 2000
Syrian Arab Republic 1.1 - 1999 652.2 - 1999
South Asia
Bangladesh 0.3 0.2 - 0.3 3.0 - 6.0 2002 130.0 100.0 - 150.0 5.0 - 7.0 2002
India 40.0 - 2001
Maldives 122.6 81.7 - 163.5 - 2001
Nepal 11.0 7.4 - 14.7 - 1999
Sri Lanka 18.5 15.8 - 21.1 7.0 - 75.0 2002

374
 5. Prices: Cannabis

HERBAL CANNABIS
Retail and wholesale prices and purity levels:
breakdown by drug, region and country or territory
(prices expressed in US$ or converted equivalent, and purity levels in percentage)

RETAIL PRICE (per gram) WHOLESALE PRICE (per kilogram)

Region / country or territory Typical Range Purity Year Typical Range Purity Year
Europe
Eastern Europe
Albania 1.3 1.1 - 1.5 - 2002 350.0 - 2002
Belarus 4.0 3.0 - 5.0 - 2002 3,000.0 700.0 - 5,000.0 - 2002
Bulgaria 0.6 0.5 - 0.7 - 2002 45.0 40.0 - 50.0 - 2001
Croatia 2.5 1.9 - 4.5 - 2002 510.0 380.0 - 640.0 - 2002
Czech Republic 3.2 1.6 - 4.7 3.0 2002 4,239.0 1,600.0 - 6,900.0 21.0 2002
Estonia 7.0 6.0 - 7.8 - 2002 6,880.0 5,980.0 - 7,780.0 - 2002
Hungary 3.0 6.6 - 9.4 3.0 2002 1,319.0 1,130.0 - 1,510.0 3.0 2002
Latvia 7.6 2.4 - 12.9 - 2001 900.0 300.0 - 1,400.0 - 2001
Lithuania 14.9 2.7 - 27.02 - 2002 12,158.0 2,700.0 - 21,610.0 - 2002
Poland 6.3 5.0 - 8.8 - 2002 2,390.0 2,010.0 - 2,770.0 - 2002
Republic of Moldova 0.05 - 1997 100.0 - 1997
Romania 8.5 7.5 - 9.4 - 2002 4,709.0 3,770.0 - 5,650.0 - 2002
Russian Federation 1.0 - 1999 300.0 100.0 - 500.0 - 2001
Serbia and Montenegro 2.8 2.8 - 4.7 - 2002 471.0 90.0 - 940.0 2002
Slovakia 4.4 0.2 - 6.6 - 2002 2,200.0 200.0 - 4,200.0 1.0 - 15.0 2001
Slovenia 8.0 7.5 - 8.5 - 2002 2,826.0 1,880.0 - 3,770.0 - 2002
The former [Link] of Maced 1.2 0.9 - 1.4 - 2002 212.0 190.0 - 240.0 - 2002
Ukraine 1.7 1.5 - 2.0 - 2002 1,300.0 1,000.0 - 1,500.0 - 2002
Western Europe
Andorra 2.7 - 2001
Austria 6.1 3.8 - 8.5 11.0 2002 2,684.0 2,350.0 - 3,010.0 10.0 2002
Belgium 5.0 3.8 - 6.3 - 2002 2,072.0 1,660.0 - 2,480.0 2.0 - 18.0 2002
Cyprus 6.0 4.0 - 8.0 - 2002 2,000.0 1,500.0 - 2,500.0 - 2002
Denmark 9.0 8.8 - 9.2 - 1999
Finland 6.6 5.7 - 7.6 - 2002
France 4.7 1.9 - 6.6 - 2002 942.0 420.0 - 1,320.0 - 2002
Germany 6.8 3.8 - 10.4 - 2002 1,969.0 1,970.0 - 3,780.0 - 2002
Greece 2.1 1.4 - 2.8 - 2002 494.0 280.0 - 710.0 - 2002
Iceland 21.0 19.0 - 31.0 - 2002 - - - -
Ireland 2.8 1.9 - 3.8 - 2002 2,691.2 2,549.6 - 2,832.9 - 1998
Italy 5.6 5.1 - 6.1 - 2002 1,036.0 820.0 - 1,260.0 2.0 - 17.0 2002
Liechtenstein 8.2 - 1996 3,679.5 - 1996
Luxembourg 2.5 - 1998 1,916.7 1,642.9 - 2,190.5 - 1998
Malta 2.8 17.0 2001 1,700.0 17.0 2001
Netherlands 4.9 3.6 - 6.1 - 1999 . 1,005.0 - 1,538.5 - 1997
Norway 14.1 9.4 - 18.9 - 2002 4,500.0 3,600.0 - 5,400.0 0.2 - 38.5 2001
Portugal 2.5 3.0 2002 704.0 470.0 - 940.0 - 2002
Spain 2.7 - 2002 1,020.0 - 2002
Sweden 5.0 - 2001
Switzerland 4.8 3.2 - 6.4 - 2002 3,089.0 2,550.0 - 5,110.0 5.0 - 28.0 2002
Turkey 10.0 8.0 - 12.0 - 2001 500.0 400.0 - 600.0 - 2001
United Kingdom 7.5 4.2 - 15.0 - 2002 1,344.0 1,190.0 - 1,490.0 - 2002

Oceania
Australia 19.2 - 1999 3,050.0 - 1999
New Zealand 4.6 - 2002 3,872.0 2,280.0 - 5,470.0 1.0 - 10.0 2002

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CANNABIS OIL
Retail and wholesale prices and purity levels:
breakdown by drug, region and country or territory
(prices expressed in US$ or converted equivalent, and purity levels in percentage)

RETAIL PRICE (per gram) WHOLESALE PRICE (per kilogram)

Region / country or territory Typical Range Purity Year Typical Range Purity Year

Africa
Southern Africa
Zambia 0.8 - 2002 - - - -

Americas
North America
Canada 12.8 9.6 - 31.9 - 2002 5,102.0 3,190.0 - 9,570.0 3.0 - 28.0 2002
United States 45.0 35.0 - 55.0 - 1996 6,165.0 3,510.0 - 8,820.0 - 1996
South America
Chile 24.7 - 1996 - - - -
Caribbean
Jamaica 510.0 500.0 - 520.0 - 2001

Asia
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
Israel 10.0 - 1998 - - - -

Europe
Eastern Europe
Albania 3.3 2.9 - 3.6 - 2002 600.0 - 2002
Bulgaria 2,300.0 - 2001
Western Europe
Austria 4,239.0 3,300.0 - 5,180.0 - 2002
Cyprus 9,000.0 8,000.0 - 10,000.0 - 1999
France 14.1 14.1 - 37.7 - 2002
Iceland 89.3 - 1998 - - - -
Spain 11.4 - 2001 2,330.0 - 2002
Switzerland 19.0 8.8 - 29.2 - 2001 - - - -
United Kingdom 22.4 17.9 - 29.9 - 2002 2,481.00 1,145.0 - 3,817.0 - 2000

Oceania
Australia 27.0 - 2002 8,000.0 6,666.7 - 9,333.3 - 1998
New Zealand 18.2 9.1 - 22.8 - 2002 14,461.0 9,640.0 - 19,280.0 10.0 - 23.0 2002

376
 5. Prices: Cannabis

CANNABIS RESIN
Retail and wholesale prices and purity levels:
breakdown by drug, region and country or territory
(prices expressed in US$ or converted equivalent, and purity levels in percentage)

RETAIL PRICE (per gram) WHOLESALE PRICE (per kilogram)

Region / country or territory Typical Range Purity Year Typical Range Purity Year
Africa
East Africa
Kenya 0.9 0.8 - 1.0 - 2002
Seychelles 8,560.0 8,110.0 - 9,010.0 - 2000
Uganda 2,250.0 2,250.0 - 1998
North Africa
Algeria 2.2 - 2002 2,207.3 2,207.3 - 1999
Egypt 1.2 0.1 - 2.3 - 2001 2,279.0 1,740.0 - 2,820.0 - 2002
Tunisia 1.5 - 2002 1,121.7 1,035.4 - 1,207.9 - 1999
Southern Africa
South Africa 8.38 - 2001 5,710.0 - 2001
Swaziland 0.2 - 2001
Zambia 0.5 - 2002
Americas
North America
Canada 12.8 12.8 - 38.3 - 2002 6,059.0 3,830.0 - 7,650.0 7.0 - 10.0 2002
United States 4,962.5 2,205.0 - 7,720.0 - 1996
South America
Argentina 2.0 1.8 - 2.2 - 2001 600.0 500.0 - 700.0 - 2001
Caribbean
Bermuda 100.0 - 2002
Jamaica 260.0 250.0 - 270.0 - 2001
Asia
Central Asia and Transcaucasia
Armenia 5.0 5.0 - 2000 5,000.0 5,000.0 - 1999
Azerbaijan 2.0 1.8 - 2.2 - 2002 1,800.0 1,700.0 - 2,000.0 - 2002
Kyrgyzstan 0.9 0.5 - 1.5 2.0 - 3.0 2002 63.0 50.0 - 70.0 2.0 - 3.0 2002
Tajikistan 2.0 1.0 - 3.0 - 2002 200.0 100.0 - 300.0 - 2002
Uzbekistan 1.1 0.7 - 1.5 - 1999 700.0 400.0 - 1,000.0 - 1999
East and South-East Asia
Hong Kong SAR, China 9.0 9.0 - 1999 21,882.3 21,882.3 - 1999
Indonesia 1.7 - 2002 1,660.0 - 2002
Japan 52.1 24.4 - 80.0 - 2002 2,696.0 1,400.0 - 3,990.0 - 2002
Republic of Korea 10.3 9.5 - 11.1 - 2001 7,900.0 - 2001
Macau SAR, China 12.5 10.0 - 15.0 - 2002 2,350.0 2,200.0 - 2,500.0 - 2002
Philippines 3.4 3.2 - 3.7 - 2001 3,400.0 3,100.0 - 3,700.0 - 2001
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
Afghanistan 0.2 0.1 - 0.3 70.0 - 90.0 2002 189.0 140.0 - 250.0 70.0 - 90.0 2002
Iran ( Islamic Republic of) 360.0 - 2002
Israel 5.6 2.2 - 9.0 - 2002 1,565.0 900.0 - 2,230.0 - 2002
Jordan 5.7 3.5 - 7.8 - 2002 706.0 560.0 - 850.0 - 2002
Kuwait 4,934.2 4,934.2 - 1998
Lebanon 9.0 8.0 - 10.0 70.0 - 90.0 2002 300.0 200.0 - 400.0 90.0 2002
Oman 2.0 - 2002 2,900.0 2,600.0 - 3,100.0 - 2001
Pakistan 0.3 0.1 - 0.4 - 2002 90.0 50.0 - 200.0 - 2002
Qatar 8.8 8.8 - 9.6 - 2002 6,850.0 5,550.0 - 7,240.0 - 2002
Saudia Arabia 8.0 6.7 - 9.3 - 2001 1,250.0 1,200.0 - 1,300.0 60.0 - 80.0 2001
Syrian Arab Republic 1.0 0.8 - 1.2 70.0 - 90.0 2002 800.0 600.0 - 1,000.0 70.0 - 90.0 2002
Yeman 0.2 0.2 - 0.3 - 2002 125.0 100.0 - 150.0 - 2002

377
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

CANNABIS RESIN
Retail and wholesale prices and purity levels:
breakdown by drug, region and country or territory
(prices expressed in US$ or converted equivalent, and purity levels in percentage)

RETAIL PRICE (per gram) WHOLESALE PRICE (per kilogram)

Region / country or territory Typical Range Purity Year Typical Range Purity Year
South Asia
Bangladesh 0.8 0.6 - 1.0 2.0 - 5.0 2002 500.0 450.0 - 700.0 3.0 - 6.0 2002
India 0.3 0.2 - 0.4 - 1999 430.0 220.0 - 650.0 - 2001
Nepal 0.1 0.1 - 0.2 - 1999 40.5 36.8 - 44.2 - 1998
Sri Lanka 0.3 0.3 - 1997 244.0 244.0 - 1997

Europe
Eastern Europe
Albania 500.0 - 2002
Belarus 15.0 - 2002 5,000.0 4,000.0 - 6,000.0 - 2002
Bulgaria 1.8 - 2001 1,380.0 - 2001
Croatia 4.5 1.9 - 5.1 - 2002 892.0 760.0 - 1,020.0 - 2002
Czech Republic 6.2 4.7 - 7.8 3.0 - 10.0 2002 3,000.0 3,110.0 - 7,850.0 3.0 - 10.0 2002
Estonia 13.6 12.1 - 15.1 - 2002 2,000.0 - 2001
Hungary 6.6 3.8 - 9.4 5.0 2002 1,319.0 1,130.0 - 1,510.0 5.0 2002
Latvia 13.7 9.6 - 17.7 - 2001 1,200.0 800.0 - 1,600.0 - 2001
Lithuania 13.0 4.1 - 21.6 - 2002 8,916.0 1,620.0 - 16,210 - 2002
Poland 7.6 5.0 - 10.1 - 2002 2,440.0 2,010.0 - 3,020.0 - 2002
Republic of Moldova 0.4 60.0 2001 400.0 70.0 2001
Romania 1.5 1.3 - 1.7 - 2002 7,535.0 6,590.0 - 8,480.0 - 2002
Russian Federation 4.5 3.0 - 6.0 - 2001 4,600.0 2,700.0 - 6,500.0 - 2001
Serbia and Montenegro 4.7 4.7 - 6.6 - 2002 4,100.0 3,400.0 - 4,800.0 40.0 - 50.0 2001
Slovakia 2.6 1.0 - 4.2 2.0 - 20.0 2001 2,210.0 - 2002
Slovenia 8.0 7.5 - 8.5 - 2002 8,006.0 7,540.0 - 8,480.0 - 2002
The former [Link] of
Macedonia 2.1 1.4 - 2.8 - 2002 518.0 380.0 - 660.0 2002
Ukraine 4.0 3.0 - 5.0 - 2001 1,250.0 1,000.0 - 1,500.0 2001
Western Europe
Andorra 2.2 - 2001
Austria 5.7 4.7 - 6.6 1.0 - 44.0 2002 2,590.0 2,350.0 - 2,830.0 2.0 - 15.0 2002
Belgium 5.7 4.2 - 7.1 - 2002 2,000.0 1,600.0 - 2,400.0 - 2001
Cyprus 8.0 7.0 - 10.0 - 2002 3,000.0 2,500.0 - 3,500.0 - 2002
Denmark 8.5 3.2 - 13.9 - 2002 2,837.0 1,260.0 - 4,410.0 39.0 2002
Finland 9.4 7.5 - 11.3 - 2002 3,110.0 - 2002
France 10.4 6.6 - 14.1 - 2002 1,884.0 940.0 - 2,830.0 5.0 - 10.0 2002
Germany 5.8 2.8 - 8.5 - 2002 2,273.0 1,340.0 - 3,380.0 - 2002
Greece 4.2 2.8 - 5.7 - 2002 850.0 850.0 - 2,070.0 - 2002
Iceland 32.0 25.0 - 50.0 - 2002
Ireland 11.8 9.4 - 14.1 - 2002 3,060.0 - 2002
Italy 7.2 6.5 - 8.0 - 2002 1,968.0 1,570.0 -2,360.0 2.0 - 25.0 2002
Luxembourg 5.3 5.3 - 1999 3,313.7 2,651.0 - 3,976.5 - 1999
Monaco 5,807.0 5,807.0 - 1997
Netherlands 8.5 4.9 - 12.1 - 1999 1,671.7 1,237.6 - 2,475.2 - 1998
Norway 16.5 9.4 - 23.6 - 2002 4,709.0 3,770.0 - 5,650.0 - 2002
Portugal 2.3 4.0 2002 1,409.0 940.0 - 1,880 - 2002
Spain 3.5 - 2001 1,310.0 - 2002
Sweden 9.2 8.2 - 10.2 - 2002 3,270.0 2,550.0 - 4,090.0 - 2002
Switzerland 8.0 6.4 - 9.6 - 2002 3,670.0 5,110.0 - 6,380.0 7.0 - 28.0 2002
Turkey 1,107.0 800.0 - 1,410.0 - 2002
United Kingdom 6.9 3.9 - 7.5 - 2002 1,344.0 1,190.0 - 1,490.0 - 2002
Oceania
Australia 24.3 16.2 - 27.0 - 2002 6,550.0 6,550.0 - 1999

378
 5. Prices: ATS

5.4. Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS): Wholesale and Street

Prices and Purity Levels

AMPHETAMINE
Retail and wholesale prices and purity levels:
breakdown by drug, region and country or territory
(prices expressed in US$ or converted equivalent, and purity levels in percentage)

RETAIL PRICE (*) WHOLESALE PRICE (**)

Region / country or territory Typical Range Purity Year Unit Typical Range Purity Year Unit

Africa
East Africa
Seychelles 4,055.0 3,600.0 - 4,510.0 2000
Uganda 125.0 100.0 - 150.0 2000
Southern Africa
South Africa 5.7 4.9 - 6.5 - 1999 T
West and Central Africa
Burkina Faso 0.1 0.1 - 0.1 - 2001 22.4 20.4 - 24.5 - 2001
Côte d'Ivoire 1.4 0.1 - 2.7 100.0 2001 4.1 2.7 - 5.4 100.0 2001
Nigeria 0.6 0.4 - 0.8 - 2001 436.5 392.9 - 480.2 - 2001

Americas
Caribbean
Saint Lucia 0.7 0.7 - 0.8 2000 630.0 600.0 - 660.0 2000
North America
United States 240.0 80.0 - 600.0 2000 70,500.0 24,000.0 - 175,000.0 2000
South America
Argentina 4.0 3.0 - 5.0 - 2001 300.0 250.0 - 350.0 2000
Venezuela 2.6 2.2 - 3.0 2000 260.0 222.0 - 295.7 2000

Asia
Central Asia and Transcaucasian countries
Kyrgyzstan 0.3 0.1 - 0.4 2000 190.0 80.0 - 300.0 2000
East and South-East Asia
Brunei Darussalam 12.2 9.2 - 15.3 2000
Indonesia 500.0 - 2001
Macau 8.0 7.0 - 9.0 2000
Myanmar 0.3 0.2 - 0.5 - 2001 T 156.6 100.0 - 213.1 - 2001 TT
Vietnam 5.1 4.0 - 7.7 - 2002
Near and Middle East/South
Jordan 2.8 2.8 - 4.2 - 2002 T 2,820.0 2,820.0 - 3,670.0 - 2002 TT
Israel 288.0 200.0 - 375.0 2000
Qatar 2.7 - 2002
Saudi Arabia 6.8 6.7 - 6.9 - 2001 T 6,800.0 6,666.7 - 6,933.3 40.0 - 90.0 2001 TT
Syrian Arab Republic 12.0 10.0 - 14.0 10.0 - 14.0 2002 8,000.0 6,000.0 - 12,000.0 - 2002

379
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

AMPHETAMINE
Retail and wholesale prices and purity levels:
breakdown by drug, region and country or territory
(prices expressed in US$ or converted equivalent, and purity levels in percentage)

RETAIL PRICE (*) WHOLESALE PRICE (**)

Region / country or territory Typical Range Purity Year Unit Typical Range Purity Year Unit
Europe
Eastern Europe
Belarus 25.0 20.0 - 30.0 - 2002 15,000.0 - 2002
Bulgaria 8.2 7.2 - 9.6 - 2002 3,220.0 30.0 - 60.0 2001
Croatia 10.2 8.9 - 15.3 - 2002 5,100.0 3,820.0 - 6,370.0 - 2002
Czech Republic 16.8 15.5 - 18.1 - 2001 18,790.0 12,530.0 - 25,050.0 10.0 - 34.0 2002
Estonia 10.6 6.0 - 15.1 50.0 2002 2,990.0 50.0 - 98.0 2002
Hungary 10.4 9.4 - 11.3 4.0 - 50.0 2002 2,830.0 1,980.0 - 3,770.0 4.0 - 50.0 2002
Latvia 22.5 16.1 - 28.9 - 2001 2,089.1 1,446.3 - 2,731.9 - 2001
Lithuania 13.0 4.1 - 21.6 15.0 - 60.0 2002 8,920.0 1,620.0 - 16,210.0 20.0 - 80.0 2002
Poland 12.6 5.0 - 22.7 20.0 - 35.0 2002 3,770.0 2,520.0 - 5,030.0 60.0 - 90.0 2002
Romania 4.0 3.0 - 5.0 - 2001 T 4,000.0 3,000.0 - 5,000.0 - 2001 TT
Slovakia 8.9 4.4 - 13.3 - 2002
Slovenia 8.8 6.5 - 11.1 20.0 - 25.0 2000 3,705.0 2,780.0 - 4,630.0 20.0 - 25.0 2000
Ukraine 28.0 25.0 - 30.0 - 2002
Western Europe
Andorra 12.1 8.0 - 16.1 - 2001 T
Austria 16.5 14.1 - 18.8 50.0 2002 12,720.0 11,300.0 - 14,130.0 2.0 - 92.0 2002
Belgium 11.3 9.0 - 13.7 - 2002 2,170.0 2,060.0 - 3,390.0 49.0 2002
Denmark 31.5 12.6 - 50.4 - 2002 7.560.0 2,520.0 - 12,610.0 1.0 - 70.0 2002
Finland 23.6 14.1 - 33.0 - 2002 5,650.0 5,000.0 - 6,310.0 54.0 - 71.0 2002
France 12.7 6.6 - 18.8 - 2002 T 1,880.0 940.0 - 2,830.0 - 2002 TT
Germany 13.0 5.7 - 18.8 - 2002 4,490.0 2,280.0 - 7,120.0 - 2002 TT
Greece 3.8 2.8 - 4.7 - 2002 2,540.0 2,260.0 - 2,830.0 - 2002
Iceland 62.0 50.0 - 75.0 - 2002
Ireland 5.7 - 2002 D 1,880.0 - 2002 TD
Italy 18.1 16.9 - 19.2 - 2001 6,950.0 6,830.0 - 7,060.0 - 2002
Luxembourg 19.9 13.3 - 26.5 - 1999
Netherlands 5.1 2.5 - 7.8 - 1998 3,013.3 2,604.2 - 3,465.3 - 1998
Norway 58.9 23.6 - 94.2 10.0 - 90.0 2002 11,770.0 9,420.0 - 14,130.0 10.0 - 80.0 2002
Portugal 10.0 5.7 - 14.3 - 1998
Spain 23.0 - 2001 15,810.0 - 2001
Sweden 20.4 10.2 - 30.7 - 2002 7,660.0 5,110.0 - 10,220.0 - 2002
Switzerland 19.20 12.8 - 25.5 - 2002 20,520.0 9,570.0 - 31,910.0 - 2002
United Kingdom 13.4 4.5 - 22.4 40.0 2002 2,240.0 1,490.0 - 2,990.0 1.0 - 73.0 2002

Oceania
Australia 95.8 21.0 - 215.9 - 2002 49,480.0 10,800.0 - 86,370.0 2002
New Zealand 41.1 15.3 - 51.6 2000 T 22,840.0 18,270.0 - 27,410.0 2000 TT

(*) in Gram or otherwise as indicated

(**) in Kilogram or otherwise as indicated
D : Doses unit
T : Tablets unit
TD: Thousand of doses
TT: Thousand of tablets

380
 5. Prices: ATS

METHAMPHETAMINE
Retail and wholesale prices and purity levels:
breakdown by drug, region and country or territory
(prices expressed in US$ or converted equivalent, and purity levels in percentage)

RETAIL PRICE (per gram) WHOLESALE PRICE (per kilogram)

Region / country or territory Typical Range Purity Year Typical Range Purity Year
Africa
Southern Africa
Malawi 5.0 - 1997 2,000.0 - 1997
Namibia 10.0 - 1996 2,000.0 - 1996
South Africa 6.2 3.4 - 8.9 - 1997 2,250.0 1,800.0 - 2,700.0 - 1997
West and Central Africa
Burkina Faso 0.1 0.1 - 0.1 - 2001 22.4 20.4 - 24.5 - 2001

Americas
North America
Canada 51.0 51.0 - 127.6 - 2002 22,497.0 19,690.0 - 25,310.0 - 2002
United States 210.0 20.0 - 400.0 38.0 2001 25,500.0 6,000.0 - 45,000.0 - 2001

Asia
East and South-East Asia
Brunei Darussalam 0.4 - 2002 64,744.0 58,858.2 - 70,629.8 - 1999
China 4,500.0 3,100.0 - 6,100.0 60.0 - 90.0 2002
China (Hong Kong SAR) 48.0 36.5 - 65.9 - 2002 5,194.0 4,620.0 - 5,460.0 - 2002
Indonesia 38.6 33.1 - 44.1 - 2002 16,552.0 11,030.0 - 22,070.0 - 2002
Japan 419.4 40.0 - 799.0 95.0 2002 TT 30,763.0 19,980.0 - 41,540.0 95.0 2002
Macau 18.0 12.0 - 25.0 - 2002
Myanmar 1.3 0.7 - 1.9 - 2002
Philippines 36.5 32.4 - 40.6 - 2001 40,556.2 36,500.6 - 44,611.8 - 2001
Republic of Korea 327.8 213.2 - 442.3 98.0 2001 39,490.0 31,592.0 - 47,388.0 - 2001
Singapore 31.8 4.5 - 72.5 16.0 - 77.0 2002 27,866.0 22,290.0 - 33,440.0 - 2002
Thailand 3.0 2.4 - 3.6 - 1998

Europe
Eastern Europe
Czech Republic 25.9 40.0 - 80.0 2001 25,101.0 12,530.0 - 37,680.0 60.0 - 75.0 2002
Estonia 2,990.0 50.0 - 98.0 2002
Lithuania 17.6 13.5 - 21.6 17.0 - 65.0 2002 6,214.0 4,050.0 - 8,111.0 20.0 - 80.0 2002
Russian Federation 17.5 15.0 - 20.0 - 2001
Slovakia 16,600.0 - 2002
Ukraine 20.0 10.0 - 30.0 - 2001 2,000.0 1,000.0 - 3,000.0 - 2001
Western Europe
Finland 27.0 18.0 - 36.0 - 1999 11,241.0 9,892.1 - 12,589.9 31.0 1999
France TD 1,884.0 940.0 - 2,830.0 - 2002
Germany 16.8 7.1 - 26.5 - 2000 5,595.0 3,200.0 - 7,990.0 - 2000
Netherlands 9.7 7.3 - 12.1 - 1999 - - - -
Norway 42.4 9.4 - 75.3 10.0 - 80.0 2002 11,774.0 9,420.0 - 14,130.0 10.0 - 80.0 2002
Spain 25.1 24.3 - 25.8 - 1997 23,058.8 21,812.1 - 24,305.6 - 1997
Sweden 19.8 14.9 - 24.8 - 2001 7,663.0 5,110.0 - 10,220.0 - 2002
Switzerland 23.4 8.8 - 38.0 - 2001

Oceania
New Zealand 432.7 318.9 - 546.670.0 - 80.0 2002 176,741.0 160,670.0 - 192,810.0 80.0 2002

TD: Thousand of doses

TT: Thousand of tablets

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 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

L.S.D
Retail and wholesale prices and purity levels:
breakdown by drug, region and country or territory
(prices expressed in US$ or converted equivalent, and purity levels in percentage)

RETAIL PRICE (per dose) WHOLESALE PRICE (per thousand dose)

Region / country or territory Typical Range Purity Year Typical Range Purity Year
Africa
Southern Africa
Namibia 11.3 11.3 - 14.1 - 2002
South Africa 7.5 - 2002 6,302.0 - 2002
Zambia 42.8 - 1998
Zimbabwe 4.6 4.3 - 5.0 - 2002
West and Central Africa
Ghana 12.0 10.0 - 14.0 - 2002

Americas
Central America
Costa Rica 16.8 - 2002 15,500.0 - 2001
North America
Canada 3.2 1.9 - 9.6 - 2002 1,590.0 640.0 - 2,550.0 - 2002
United States 5.5 1.0 - 10.0 - 1996 375.0 250.0 - 500.0 20.0 - 80.0 1996
South America
Argentina 25.1 20.0 - 30.1 - 2001 100.0 20.0 - 150.0 - 2002

Asia
East and South-East Asia
Japan 32.0 24.0 - 40.0 - 2002
Republic of Korea 15.8 - 2001
Singapore 30.7 27.9 - 33.4 - 2002 3,900.0 - 2002
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
Israel 5.6 4.5 - 6.7 - 2002 5,600.0 4,500.0 - 6,700.0 - 2002

Europe
Eastern Europe
Bulgaria 13.8 - 2001
Croatia 14.0 12.7 - 15.3 - 2002 6,370.0 5,100.0 - 7,640.0 - 2002
Czech Republic 7.1 7.1 - 9.4 - 2002 5,180.0 4,710.0 - 5,650.0 - 2002
Estonia 9.4 - 2002
Hungary 10.2 8.5 - 11.9 - 2001 6,475.2 6,134.4 - 6,816.0 60.0 - 70.0 2001
Latvia 9.6 - 2001 800.0 2001
Lithuania 9.5 5.4 - 13.5 - 2002 5,400.0 2,700.0 - 8,110.0 - 2002
Poland 8.8 7.6 - 11.3 - 2002 3,770.0 2,520.0 - 5,030.0 - 2002
Romania 22.1 20.7 - 23.6 - 2002 10,830.0 9,420.0 - 12,240.0 - 2002
Serbia and Montenegro 4.7 4.7 - 6.6 - 2002
Slovakia 7.8 2.2 - 13.3 - 2002
Slovenia 10.7 - 2001
Ukraine 18.0 15.0 - 20.0 - 2002 12,000.0 10,000.0 - 15,000.0 - 2002

382
 5. Prices: ATS

L.S.D
Retail and wholesale prices and purity levels:
breakdown by drug, region and country or territory
(prices expressed in US$ or converted equivalent, and purity levels in percentage)

RETAIL PRICE (per dose) WHOLESALE PRICE (per thousand dose)

Region / country or territory Typical Range Purity Year Typical Range Purity Year
Western Europe
Austria 10.8 7.5 - 14.1 10.0 2002 3,300.0 2,830.0 - 3,770.0 - 2002
Belgium 8.2 7.1 - 9.4 - 2002 2,017.9 1,793.7 - 2,242.2 - 2001
Denmark 6.3 - 2002 4,622.5 - 1999
Finland 14.1 9.2 - 19.3 - 1998 9,404.1 9,174.3 - 9,633.9 - 1998
France 9.4 4.7 - 14.1 - 2002
Germany 8.1 3.7 - 13.2 - 2002 2,509.3 456.2 - 4,562.4 - 2001
Greece 7.1 5.7 - 8.5 - 2002 3,770.0 2,830.0 - 4,710.0 - 2002
Iceland 17.9 - 1998 - - - -
Ireland 14.3 14.1 - 14.6 - 1998 1,790.0 - 2001
Italy 25.8 25.2 - 26.4 - 2002 8,240.0 - 2002
Luxembourg 12.3 - 1998 9,943.2 - 1998
Netherlands 5.7 1.9 - 9.4 - 2002
Norway 8.5 5.7 - 11.3 - 2002
Portugal 6.5 - 2002
Spain 8.0 - 2002 8,965.5 - 1998
Sweden 7.7 5.1 - 10.2 - 2002
Switzerland 10.2 8.8 - 11.7 - 2001 13,240.0 7,660.0 - 19,150.0 - 2002
United Kingdom 4.8 1.5 - 7.5 - 2002 2,880.7 1,440.3 - 4,321.0 - 2001

Oceania
Australia 16.5 12.4 - 26.7 - 1998
New Zealand 15.9 13.7 - 18.2 - 2002 9,110.0 - 2002

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 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

ECSTASY
Retail and wholesale prices and purity levels:
breakdown by drug, region and country or territory
(prices expressed in US$ or converted equivalent, and purity levels in percentage)

RETAIL PRICE ( per tablet ) WHOLESALE PRICE ( per thousand tablets )

Region / country or territory Typical Range Purity Year Typical Range Purity Year
Africa
North Africa
Egypt 26.1 19.5- 32.6 - 2002 10,850.0 - 2002
Southern Africa
Namibia 7.5 7.5 - 11.3 - 2002 12,055.8 11,421.3 - 12,690.4 - 2001
South Africa 8.5 - 2002 6,960.6 - 2002
Zambia 1.6 10.0 2002
Zimbabwe 6.4 5.7 - 7.1 - 2002 50,000.0 45,454.5 - 54,545.4 - 2001
West and Central Africa
Ghana 6.0 5.0 - 7.0 - 2002

Americas
Caribbean
Bahamas 30.0 30.0 - 40.0 - 2002 30,000.0 25,000.0 - 40,000.0 - 2002
Bermuda 40.0 30.0 - 50.0 - 2002
Cayman Islands 25.0 - 2002 25,000.0 - 2002
Jamaica 22.5 20.0 - 25.0 - 2001
Central America
Costa Rica 11.9 9.8 - 14.0 - 2002 13,182.7 10,856.3 - 15,509.0 - 2001
Nicaragua 25.0 90.0 2002 25,000.0 - 2002
Panama 8.5 5.0 - 12.0 35.0 - 60.0 2001 8,000.0 6,000.0 - 10,000.0 - 2001
North America
Canada 22.3 12.8 - 31.9 37.0 2002 7,650.0 6,380.0 - 9,570.0 - 2002
United States 27.5 10,0 - 45.0 - 2000 11,000.0 2,000.0 - 20,000.0 - 2000
South America
Argentina 30.1 25.1 - 35.1 - 2001 34,360.0 27,490.0 - 41,230.0 - 2002
Peru 45.0 40.0 - 50.0 95.0 2001 20,000.0 15,000.0 - 25,000.0 95.0 2001
Suriname 3.5 2.3 - 4.6 - 2002
Uruguay 22.0 18.0 - 25.0 - 2002 21,500.00 18,000.0 - 25,000.0 - 2002
Venezuela 14.7 12.6 - 16.8 - 2002

Asia
East and South-East Asia
China 34.3 - 1999 7,258.7 4,839.1 - 9,678.2 - 2001
China (Hong Kong SAR) 11.2 9.1 - 13.2 - 2002 4,970.0 4,490.0 - 7,060.0 - 2002
Indonesia 7.7 6.6 - 8.3 - 2002 7,720.0 6,620.0 - 8,830.0 - 2002
Japan 54.7 13.6 - 95.9 - 2002
Republic of Korea 59.2 39.5 - 79.0 - 2001 35,541.0 31,592.0 - 39,490.0 - 2001
Macau 22.0 18.0 - 31.0 - 2002
Philippines 34.5 32.4 - 36.5 - 2001
Singapore 12.6 11.2 - 13.9 39.0 2002 6,130.0 3,900.0 - 8,360.0 - 2002
Thailand 10.6 10.6 - 1999
Vietnam 18.4 16.7 - 20.0 - 2002
Near and Middle East /South-West Asia
Israel 12.5 7.0 - 18.0 - 2002 7,670.0 6,670.0 - 8,670.0 - 2002

384
 5. Prices: ATS

ECSTASY
Retail and wholesale prices and purity levels:
breakdown by drug, region and country or territory
(prices expressed in US$ or converted equivalent, and purity levels in percentage)

RETAIL PRICE ( per tablet ) WHOLESALE PRICE ( per thousand tablets )

Region / country or territory Typical Range Purity Year Typical Range Purity Year
Europe
Eastern Europe
Belarus 17.0 15.0 - 20.0 - 2002
Bulgaria 9.6 7.2 - 12.0 - 2002 8,972.6 4,141.2 - 13,804.0 - 2001
Croatia 3.8 2.6 - 6.4 - 2002 1,910.0 1,270.0 - 2,550.0 - 2002
Czech Republic 5.7 3.8 - 7.5 10.0 - 20.0 2002 3,300.0 1,880.0 - 4,710.0 10.0 - 20.0 2002
Estonia 6.3 5.4 - 7.3 40.0 2002 1,560.0 1,320.0 - 1,790.0 50.0 - 98.0 2002
Hungary 9.4 8.0 - 50.0 2002 3,770.0 1,880.0 - 5,650.0 8.0 - 50.0 2002
Latvia 803.5 401.7 - 1,205.2 - 2001
Lithuania 6.8 2.7 - 10.8 10.0 - 30.0 2002 3,510.0 1,350.0 - 5,400.0 10.0 - 30.0 2002
Poland 5.0 2.5 - 7.6 - 2002 1,764.5 1,512.4 - 2,016.6 - 2002
Romania 8.5 7.5 - 9.4 - 2002 3,770.0 2,830.0 - 4,710.0 - 2002
Russian Federation 17.5 15.0 - 20.0 - 2001
Serbia and Montenegro 4.7 4.7 - 6.6 - 2002 3,300.0 1,880.0 - 4,710.0 - 2002
Slovakia 7.3 4.2 - 10.4 - 2001
Slovenia 7.3 6.2 - 8.3 - 2002 6,590.0 5,650.0 - 7,540.0 - 2002
The former [Link] of M 7.1 4.7 - 9.4 - 2002
Western Europe
Andorra 9.4 8.0 - 10.7 - 2001
Austria 8.5 3.8 - 13.2 1.0 - 80.0 2002 3,300.0 2,830.0 - 3,770.0 - 2002
Belgium 6.4 4.7 - 8.2 28.0 - 33.0 2002 710.0 - 2002
Cyprus 10.0 7.0 - 15.0 - 2002
Denmark 17.8 4.4 - 31.5 - 2002 3,150.0 2,520.0 - 3,780.0 - 2002
Finland 15.1 11.3 - 18.8 - 2002 28,260.0 9,420.0 - 47,090.0 - 2002
France 9.4 6.6 - 14.1 - 2002 1,650.0 940.0 - 2,350.0 - 2002
Germany 8.2 3.8 - 13.2 - 2002 2,690.0 1,340.0 - 3,960.0 - 2002
Greece 18.8 - 2002 9,890.0 5,650.0 - 14,130.0 - 2002
Iceland 37.0 25.0 - 50.0 - 2002
Ireland 11.8 9.4 - 14.1 - 2002 1,880.0 - 2002
Italy 20.7 18.5 - 22.9 - 2002 4,890.0 4,690.0 - 5,090.0 1.0 - 35.0 2002
Luxembourg 13.3 - 1999 6,925.0 6,747.6 - 7,102.3 - 1998
Malta 24.9 22.6 - 27.1 - 2001 15,821.8 13,561.5 - 18,082.0 - 2001
Netherlands 3.8 - 2002 2,848.3 2,475.5 - 3,465.3 - 1998
Norway 17.4 11.3 - 23.6 20.0 - 50.0 2002 37,680.0 28,260.0 - 47,090.0 20.0 - 50.0 2002
Portugal 5.6 - 2002 1,410.0 940.0 - 1,880.0 - 2002
Spain 10.3 - 2002 15,689.7 - 1998
Sweden 12.8 10.2 - 15.3 - 2002 4,090.0 2,040.0 - 6,130.0 - 2002
Switzerland 14.4 9.6 - 19.2 - 2002 13,500.0 6,380.0 - 25,530.0 - 2002
Turkey 17.5 15.0 - 20.0 - 2001 12,720.0 6,590.0 - 18,840.0 - 2002
United Kingdom 9.0 1.5 - 22.4 - 2002 2,610.0 2,240.0 - 2,990.0 - 2002

Oceania
Australia 28.6 15.6 - 41.7 - 2001 12,785.0 9,590.0 - 15,980.0 - 1999
New Zealand 38.7 31.9 - 45.6 - 2002 25,050.0 18,220.0 - 31,880.0 - 2002

385
6. CONSUMPTION
 6. Consumption: Prevalence of abuse

6.1. Annual prevalence of drug abuse

6.1.1. Opiates

OPIATES
Annual prevalence of abuse as percentage of the population
aged 15-64 (unless otherwise indicated)
AFRICA & AMERICAS

AFRICA
North and Eastern Africa
Mauritius, 1998 0.8

Morocco** 0.2

Kenya** 0.1

Uganda** 0.04

Rwanda** 0.04

Ethiopia** 0.04

Tanzania, United Rep 1998 0.02

West and Central Africa

Ghana, 1998 0.7

Nigeria, (10+), 1999 * 0.6

Chad, 1995 0.2

Senegal ** 0.03

Sierra Leone, 1997 0.01

Southern Africa
South Africa 0.2

Namibia, 2000 0.03

Zimbabwe ** 0 01
.
AMERICAS
Central America
Costa Rica * 0.1

Honduras, 1995 0.1

Panama ** 0.1
El Salvador ** 0.1

North America
USA, (12+), 2000 0.6

Canada, (Ontario,18+), 2000 0.4

Mexico, (12-65), 2001 0.4

South America
Brazil, (12-65), 2001 0.6
Venezuela, 2002 0.3
.
Chile, (15-64), 2002 .
0.3
Colombia, (15-64), 1998 0.2 *UNODC estimates based on local studies,
Argentina (16-64), 1999 0.1 special population group studies, and/or law
Ecuador* (15-64), 1999 0.1 enforcement agency assessments.
Bolivia ** .
0.04 ** Tentative estimate for the late 1990s.

Suriname, 1998 0.02

Sources: Annual Report Questionnaires,
Uruguay, 2001 0.01
Government Reports, US Department of
The Caribbean State, European Monitoring Center for
Dominican Rep,*(12-70), 2001 0.09
Drugs and Drug Abuse (EMCDDA)
Antigua Barbuda, 2000 0.05

Barbados,** 0.01

0% 0 .5% 1 .0% 1 .5% 2 .0 % 2 .5% 3%

389
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

OPIATES
Annual prevalence of abuse as percentage of the population
aged 15-64 (unless otherwise indicated)
EUROPE & OCEANIA

EUROPE

Eastern Europe

Russian Federation, 2001 2.1

Latvia, 2001 1.7
Estonia, 2001 1.2
Ukraine, 2002 0.8
Croatia, 1999 0.7

Slovenia, 2001 0.6

Lithuania,2002 0.6
Czech Rep., (15-64), 2001 0.5
Bulgaria, 2001 0.5
Albania*, 2000 0.5
Hungary, 2001 0.4
FYR of Macedonia,1998 0.4
Slovakia, 2002 0.3
Romania, 2000 0.3
Poland, (16+), 2001 0.2
Belarus, 2002 0.1
Moldova, Rep.,2000 0.1

Western Europe

Luxembourg, (15-64), 2000 1.0

Portugal, (15-64), 2000 0.7
Italy, (15-64), 2001 0.7
United Kingdom, (15-64), 2000 0.7
Ireland, (15-64), 1996 0.6
Switzerland, 2000 0.6
Malta, 2001 0.6
Spain, (15-64), 1999 0.5
France, (15-64), 1999 0.4
Norway, (15-64), 2000 0.4
Denmark, (15-64), 1996 0.4
Belgium, (15-64), 1997 0.4
Greece, (15-64), 2001 0.4
Austria, (15-64), 2000 0.3
Germany, (15-64), 2000 0.3
Netherlands, (15-64), 1999 0.3
Cyprus, 1999 0.2
Sweden,1998 0.1
Finland, (15-69), 2002 0.1
Monaco, 1995 0.1
Turkey,1 2003 0.05
Liechtenstein, 2000 0.03
San Marino,1997 0.02

OCEANIA
New Zealand*, (15-64), 2001 0.7
Australia, (15-64), 2001 0.6

0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0%

390
 6. Consumption: Prevalence of abuse

OPIATES
Annual prevalence of abuse as percentage of the population
aged 15-64 (unless otherwise indicated)
ASIA

ASIA
Central Asia and
Transcaucasia
Kyrgyzstan, 2001 2.3

Kazakhstan, 2001 1.3

Tajikistan, 2001 1.0

Uzbekistan, 2001 0.6

Georgia, 2000 0.6

Armenia ** 0.3
0.3
Turkmenistan **
, 1998
Azerbaijan, 2000 0.2

East and South-East Asia

Lao People's [Link], 2002 1.8
Myanmar,2003 0.7

Thailand*, (12-65), 2001 0.5

Taiwan province, China, 2002 0.3
Macao SAR, China1998 0.3
Viet Nam, 2002 0.3
Indonesia* 0.2
Hong Kong SAR, China 2002 0.2
Malaysia, 2000 0.2

China, 2001 0.1

Singapore, 2000 0.1
Korea Rep** 0 .1
Japan, 2002 0.06

Middle East and South-West Asia

Iran, Islamic Republic, 1999 2.8
.
Pakistan, 2000 0.9

Afghanistan, 2001 0.6

Israel, (18-40), 2001 0.3
Bahrain, 1998 0.3

Jordan **, 2000 0.2

Oman, 1999 0.1

Saudia Arabia, 2000 0.01

Lebanon,1998 0.01
Qatar, 1996 0.01
Kuwait, 1998 0.01
Syrian Arab Rep., 1998 0.01

South Asia
India, 2001 0.4
Nepal, 1996 0.4

Sri Lanka, 2000 0.3

.
Bangladesh ** 0.3

Maldives, 2001** 0.2

0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.%

391
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

6.1.2. Cocaine

COCAINE
Annual prevalence of abuse as percentage of the population
aged 15-64 (unless otherwise mentioned)
ASIA, EUROPE & OCEANIA

ASIA
Israel, (18-40), 2001 0.3
Jordan, 1998 0.03
Thailand, (12-65), 2001 0.01
Singapore, 1993 0 .01
Indonesia ** 0.01
EUROPE
Central and
Eastern Europe

Slovakia, 2002 0.6

Slovenia*, 2002 03
Hungary*, 2001 0.3
Croatia,1999 0.2
Bulgaria, 2000 0 .1
Poland, (16+), 1999 0.1
Estonia, 1998 0.1
Czech Rep**, (15-64), 2002 0.1
Russian Fed.**, 1999 0.1
Lithuania**, 1999 0.1
Latvia, 1999 0.03
Ukraine, 1997 0.02
Romania**, 1999 0.01
FYR of Macedonia**, 1999 0.01
Western Europe
Spain, (15-64), 2001 2.6
2
Ireland, (18+), 2002 2.4
United Kingdom, (16-59), 2003 2.1
Netherlands, (15-64), 2001 1.1
Italy, (15-44), 2001 1.1
Switzerland, 2002 0.9
Denmark, 2000 0.8
Belgium*,(18-65), 2000 0.8
Germany, (18-59), 2000 0.8
Norway, 1999 0.7
Iceland, 1999 0.7
Austria, 2002 0.6
Luxembourg *, 2002 0.6
*UNODC estimates based on local studies,
Greece,1998 0.5
special population group studies, and/or law
Portugal, 2001 0.3
enforcement agency assessments.
Malta, 2001 0.3
** Tentative estimate for the late 1990s.
France, (15-64), 2002 0.3
Turkey1* 2003 0.3
Finland, 2000 0.2 Sources: Annual Report Questionnaires,
Liechtenstein,2000 0.1 Government Reports, US Department of
Cyprus, 1999 0.08 State, European Monitoring Center for
Sweden, (15-69), 2000 0.06
San Marino,1994 0.04 Drugs and Drug Abuse (EMCDDA)
Monaco, 1994 0.01
OCEANIA

Australia, (15-64), 2001 1.5

New Zealand, (15-64), 2001 0.5
Papua, New Guinea, 1994 0.01

0.0% 0.5% 1 % 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3%

392
 6. Consumption: Prevalence of abuse

COCAINE
Annual prevalence of abuse as percentage of the population
aged 15-64 (unless otherwise mentioned)
AFRICA & AMERICAS
AFRICA
Southern Africa
South Africa,2003 0.8
.
Zambia **, 2000 0.2
Namibia, 1998 0.2
Angola, 1999 0.1
East Africa
Kenya ** 0.1
Zimbabwe, 2000 0.1
North, West and
Central Africa
Ghana, 1998 1.1
Nigeria, 1999 0.5
Sao Tome Principe, 1997 0.02
Sierra Leone, 1996 0.02
Chad, 1995 0.01
Morocco, 1999 0.01
AMERICA
Central America
Panama, 1998 1.4
Guatemala, 2001 1.0
Nicaragua*, 2001 1.0
Honduras, 2001 0.8
El Salvaor *, 2002 0.8
Belize*, 1998 0.6
Costa Rica *, 2000 0.4
North America
USA, (12+), 2002 2.5
Canada, (Ontario, 18+), 2000 1.2
Mexico, (12-65),2002 0.4
South America
Argentina, (16-64), 1999 1.9
Colombia*, (15-64), 2001 1.6
Chile, (12-64),, 2002 1.6
Bolivia, (12+), 2000 1.1
Venezuela* , 2001 1.1
Ecuador, (12-49), 1995 0.9
Peru, (12-64), 2002 0.7
Paraguay *, 2001 0.6
Suriname *, 2002 0.5
Brazil, (12-65), 2001 0.4
Uruguay, 2001 0. 3
The Caribbean
Aruba,1997 1.3
St. Lucia*, 2002 1.0
Barbados*, 2002 1.0
Jamaica*, 2001 0.9
Dominican Rep., (12-70), 2000 0.9
Bahamas, 2001 0.8
St. Vincent Grenadines, 2002 0.7
Cayman Isl.*, 2000 0.6
Haiti, 2000 0.3
Antigua Barbuda, 2000 0.1
Grenada, 1998 0.02
Dominica, 1996 0.01

Montserrat, 1997 0.01

0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5 % 3.0%

393
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

6.1.3. Cannabis

CANNABIS
Annual prevalence of abuse as percentage of the population aged
15-64 (unless otherwise indicated)
AFRICA & AMERICAS
AFRICA
Eastern Africa Mauritius, 2000 7.0

Kenya*, 1994 4.0

Ethiopia,1998 2.6

Somalia,2002 2.5
Uganda ** 1. 4
Tanzania, United Rep., 1999 0.2

North Africa
Morocco ** 7 .4

Egypt**, 1997 5 .2

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, 1998 0.1

West and Central Africa

Ghana, 1998 21.5

Sierra Leone, 1996 . 16.1

Nigeria, 1999 13.8

Mali*, 1999 7.8

Angola, 1999 2.1

Chad, 1995 0.9
Sao Tom & Prin., 1997 0 .01
Cote d’Ivoire, 1999 0 .01
Southern Africa
Zambia, 2000 15.0

South Africa*, 2002 8 .4

Zimbabwe, 2000 6 .9

Namibia, 2000 3 .9
AMERICAS
Central America
Belize* 6 .8
Guatemala*, 2002 3.8

Nicaragua ** 2.6

Panama,1999 2.5
El Salvador ** 2.0
Honduras * 1.6
Costa Rica, 2001 1. 3
North America
USA, (12+), 2002 11 .0
Canada, (Ontario, 18+), 2000 10 .8
Mexico, (12-65), 2002 0 .6

South America
Chile, (12-64), 2002 5.2
Colombia, (15-64), 2001 4.3
*UNODC estimates based on local studies,
Argentina, (16-64), 1999 3.7 special population group studies, and/or law
Venezuela*, 2002 3.0 enforcement agency assessments.
Ecuador (12-49),1995 3.0
** Tentative estimate for the late 1990s.
Guyana*, 2002 2.6
Bolivia, (12-50), 2000 2.5
Suriname*, 2002 2.3 Sources: Annual Report Questionnaires,
Paraguay, 2002 1.8 Government Reports, US Department of
Peru, (12-64),2002 1.8 State, European Monitoring Center for
Uruguay, 2001 1.5
Drugs and Drug Abuse (EMCDDA)
Brazil, (12-65), 2001 1.0

The Caribbean
Jamaica*, 2002 8.0

Barbados*, 2002 7.7

.
St. Vincent Grenadines** 6.8
Bahamas* 5.0
Dominican Rep.* (12-70), 2001 2.1
Montserrat, 1997 0.8
Dominica, 1997 0.1
Grenada,1998 0.01

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

394
 6. Consumption: Prevalence of abuse

CANNABIS
Annual prevalence of abuse as percentage of the population aged
15-64 (unless otherwise indicated)

EUROPE & OCEANIA

EUROPE
Eastern and Central Europe
Czech Rep., (15-64), 2002 10.9

Slovenia*,1999 4.4

Russian Fed.*,1999 3.9

Croatia, 1999 3.9

Ukraine*,1999 3.6

Slovakia*,1999 3.6

Latvia, 1999 3.1

Albania*, (15-24),2001 2.6

Poland, (16+), 2000 2.4

Lithuania* ,1999 2.3

Hungary*, (18-65) ,2001 2.2

Estonia, (18-70), 1998 2.0

Moldova Rep.* ,1998 1.8

Bulgaria, 1999 1.2

FYR of Macedonia, 1998 0.7

Belarus ** 0.1
Western Europe
United Kingdom,(16-59), 2003 10.6

France,(15-64), 2002 9.8

Spain, 2001 9.7

2
Ireland, 18+, 2002 9.0

Switzerland, 1999 7.0

Denmark,(16 -64),2000 6.9

Italy, (15-44), 2002 6.2

Netherlands, (15-64), 2001 6.1

Belgium*, 2001 6.1

Germany,(18-59) , 2000 6.0

Austria *, 2002 5.6

Iceland, 2000 5.0

Norway, 1999 4.5

Greece, (15-64),1998 4.4

San Marino*, 1997 4.0

Luxembourg*, 1999 4.0

Portugal, 2001 3.3

Cyprus,1999 3.3
Finland,(15-64) , 2002 .
2.9
1
Turkey*, 2003 1.8
Sweden, (15-75), 2000 1.0

Malta, 2001 0.8

Liechtenstein,2000 0.5

Monaco, 1996 0.4

OCEANIA 29.5
Papua New Guinea,1995
Micronesia Fed .State.,1995
29.1
Australia, (15-64), 2001 15.0

New Zealand*, (15-64), 2001 13 .4

New Caledonia ** 1.9

Fiji, 1996 0.2

Vanuatu,1997 0.1

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

395
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

CANNABIS
Annual prevalence of abuse as percentage of the population aged
15-64 (unless otherwise indicated)
ASIA

ASIA
Central Asia and
Transcaucasia
Kyrgystan* , 2001 6.4

Uzbekistan * , 2002 3.9

Tajikistan*, 1998 3.4

Kazakhstan, 2003 2.4

Azerbaijan* , 1998 1.1

Armenia* , 1998 0.8

Turkmenistan ** 0.3

East and South-East Asia

Philippines ** 3.5

Thailand, (12-65), 2001 1.5

Myanmar *, 2002 1.4

Cambodia ** 1.3

Lao People's Dem Rep. *, 2002 0.7

China (Hong Kong SAR)** 0.6

Indonesia**, 2001 0.5

Malaysia, 2001 0.5

Taiwan, Province of China ** 0.5

China*, 2001 0.3

Viet Nam * 2002 0.3

,
China, (Macao SAR)** 0.2

Japan, (15-99), 2001 0.1

Korea, Rep ** 0 .1

Singapore, 1998 0.03

Brunei Darussalam, 1996 0.02

Near and Middle East and

South-West Asia
Afghanistan ** 7.5

Lebanon, (15-64), 2001 6.4

Israel*, (15-64), 2001 5.7

Iran, Islamic Republic, 1999 4.2

Pakistan *, 1998 3.9

Jordan*, (15-64), 2001 2.1

Syrian Arab Rep.**, 2002 2

Bahrain ** 0.4

Qatar, 1996 0.1

Oman, 1999 0.1

South Asia

Bangladesh,1997 3.3
Nepal, 1998 3.2
India *,2001 3.2
Sri Lanka, (15-64), 2000 1.6
Maldives, 1994 0.5

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

396
 6. Consumption: Prevalence of abuse

6.1.4. Amphetamines-type stimulants

AMPHETAMINES
Annual prevalence of abuse as percentage of the population
aged 15-64 (unless otherwise indicated)
AFRICA & AMERICA

AFRICA
Nigeria, 1999 1.1

Ghana** 1.0

Cameroon** 0.9

Kenya** 0.6

South Africa, 2000 0.6

Egypt** 0.5

Zambia**, 1999 0.4

Morocco, 1999 0.3

Namibia, 2000 0.1

Zimbabwe, 2000 0.1

Chad, 1996 0.01

AMERICA

Central America &

the Caribbean

Honduras, 1997 2.5

.
Guatemala, 1998 1.7

Panama, 1991 1.2

Costa Rica, 2001 1.0

Dominican Rep., 2000 0.4

North America

USA, (12+), 2002 1.4

Canada (Ontario 18+), 2003 1.0

Mexico, (12-65), 2001 0.1

South America

Venezuela*, 2001 0.8

Colombia*, (15-64), 2001 0.7

*UNODC estimates based on local studies,
Argentina, (16-64), 2001 0.7 special population group studies, and/or law
Chile, (15-64), 2002 0.6 enforcement agency assessments.
** Tentative estimate for the late 1990s.
Bolivia, 1999 0.5

Brazil, (12-65), 2001 0.3 Sources: Annual Report Questionnaires,

Ecuador*, (15-64), 1998 0.2 Government Reports, US Department of

Uruguay, 2001
State, European Monitoring Center for
0.1
Drugs and Drug Abuse (EMCDDA)
Suriname*, 2002 0.01

0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6%

397
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

AMPHETAMINES
Annual prevalence of abuse as percentage of the population
aged 15-64 (unless otherwise indicated)
ASIA & OCEANIA

ASIA

Central Asia &

transcaucasia

Uzbekistan, 1997 0 01

East, South and

South East Asia

Thailand*, (15-64), 2001 5 .6

Philippines, 2000 2 .8

Macau SAR, China, 2001 1 .6

Taiwan Province, China, 2001 1 .2

Indonesia** 0 .8

Japan, 2001 0.3

Korea Rep., ** 0.2

Brunei Darussalam, 2000 0 .1

Myanmar, 2002 0 .1

Singapore, 1998 0 .04

Hong Kong SAR, China, 2002 0 .03

India, 2001 0 .02

Malaysia, 1998 0 01

Near and Middle East /

South West Asia

Jordan*, 2001 0.4

Lebanon*, 2001 0.3

Israel*, (15-65), 2001 0.3

Oman, 1998 0.1

Bahrain** 0.1

Qatar, 1996 .
0.02

Syria, 1998 0.003

Saudia Arabia, 2000 0.002

OCEANIA

Australia, (15-64), 2001 4.0

New Zealand, (15-64), 2001 3.4

0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6%

398
 6. Consumption: Prevalence of abuse

AMPHETAMINES
Annual prevalence of abuse as percentage of the population
aged 15-64 (unless otherwise indicated)
EUROPE

EUROPE

Eastern and
Central Europe
Czech Rep., (15-64), 2002 1.1
Estonia *,1998 1.0
Hungary *,2002 0.7
Poland, (16+), 2002 0.6
Latvia * ,1999 0.6
Slovakia,2001 0.4
Lithuania * 0.3
Croatia,1997 0.3
Slovenia*,1999 0.2
Bulgaria,1998 0.2
Ukraine*,1999 0.2
Russian Fed,1999
. 0.1
Moldova Rep.,1998 0.01
FYR of Macedonia,1995 0.01
Belarus, 1998 0.01

Western Europe

Ireland,2(15-64), 2002 1.6

United Kingdom, (16-59), 2003 1.6
Denmark, (16-64), 2000 1.3
Spain, (15-64), 2001 1.2
Norway, 1999 1.0
Netherlands, (15-64), 2001 0.6
Iceland, 1999 0.6
Germany, (18-59), 2000 0.6
Belgium, 2001 0.6
Finland, 2002 0.5
Malta .2001 0.4
Luxembourg,1999 0.4
Austria*,2000 0.3
Switzerland,1997 0.2
France, (15-64), 2002 02
Cyprus,1999 0.2
Turkey 1*, 2003 0.2
Sweden, 2000 0.1
San Marino, 1994 0.1
Portugal, 2001 0.1
Italy, (15-44),2002 0.1
Greece,1998 0.1
Liechtenstein, 1999 0.03

0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6%

399
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

6.1.5. Ecstasy

ECSTASY
Annual prevalence of abuse as percentage of the population aged 15-64

EUROPE

EUROPE
Eastern and Central Europe

Czech Rep., (15-64), 2002 2 .5

Hungary *, 2001 1 .0

Slovakia *, 2002 0 .8

Latvia**, 1999 0 .7

Slovenia * 0 .5

Lithuania**, 1999 0 .3

Estonia**, 1999 0 .3

Croatia, 1999 0 .3

Poland, (16+), 2002 0 .2

Bulgaria, 2000 0 .2

Ukraine**, 1999 0 .1

Russian Fed. , 1999 0 .1

FYR of Macedonia **, 1999 0 .1

Belarus*, 1997 0 .01

Western Europe
Ireland,2 (18+), 2002 3.4

United Kingdom, (16-59), 2003 2 .0

Spain, 2001 1 .8

Netherlands, (15-64), 2001 1 .5

Belgium**, 1999 0 .9

Iceland, 2001 0 .9

Germany, (18-59), 2002 0 .7

Norway, 1999 0 .6

Austria**, 2000 0 .6

Denmark, 2000 0 .5

Finland, 2002 0 .5

Luxembourg* , 1998 0 .4

Monaco ** 0 .4

Portugal**, 2001 0 .4

Switzerland, 1997 0 .4
France, (15-64), 2002 0.3
*UNODC estimates based on local studies,
San Marino** , 1999 0 .3
special population group studies, and/or law
1
Turkey*, 2003 0 .3 enforcement agency assessments.
Italy, (15-44), 2002 0 .2 ** Tentative estimate for the late 1990s.

Malta,2001 0 .2
Sources: Annual Report Questionnaires,
Liechtenstein, 1998 0 .2
Government Reports, US Department of
Sweden*, 2000 0 .2
State, European Monitoring Center for
Greece, 2000 0.1 Drugs and Drug Abuse (EMCDDA)
Cyprus, 1999 0.1

0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0%

400
 6. Consumption: Prevalence of abuse

ECSTASY
Annual prevalence of abuse as percentage of the population aged 15-64

AFRICA, ASIA & OCEANIA

AFRICA

South Africa, 2002 0.3

Namibia, 2000 0.1

Ghana, 1995 0.01

AMERICA
Caribbean
Barbados*, 2002 0.3

Bahamas*, 2002 0.2

Central America
Guatemala*, 2002 0.4

Nicaragua*, 2002 0.2

El Salvador*, 2001 0.1

South America
Colombia*, (15-64), 2001 0.3

Suriname*, 2002 0.1

Chile, (15-64), 2002 0.1

Venezuela*, 2002 0.1

North America
Canada, (Ontario18+) , 2002 1.8

USA, (12+), 2002 1.3

Mexico*, (12-65), 1997 0.01

ASIA
Israel*, (15-65), 2001 0.8

Thailand, (12-65), 2001 0.1

China Hong Kong SAR, 2002 0.02

Singapore, 2000 0.01

Philippines, 1998 0.01

OCEANIA

Australia, (15-64), 2001 3.4

New Zealand*, (15-64), 2001 2.2

0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0%

401
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

Notes:

1. Estimates shown for Turkey for opiates are based on a study conducted by UNODC in cooperation
with the Government of Turkey: Drug Abuse in Turkey – Results from the Year 2003 National
Assessment. Estimates shown for Turkey for cannabis, cocaine, amphetamines and ecstasy were derived
from school surveys among 15-16 year olds, conducted in Turkey in 2003, applying average
transformation ratios found in neighbouring countries (other south-European countries). Using
average transformation ratios of Western Europe as a whole, would have led to far higher estimates.
These higher estimates were not used as a study conducted by the Turkish Psychological Association in
2002 suggested very low levels of drug abuse in Turkey. This study revealed an overall level of drug
abuse of 0.3% in the country. The rate of cannabis dependence was found to amount to 0.15%.
However, since data for other substances were not reported to UNODC at the time of preparation of
the present report, results from this study could not be used.

2. The source of the data for Ireland shown in the graphs is the Centre for Health Promotion Studies,
The National Health & Lifestyle Surveys (SLAN), April 2003, which in comparison with data from
previous years, enables a trend analysis. The National Advisory Committee on Drugs (NACD) and
the Drug and Alcohol Information and Research Unit (DAIRU), conducted a national household
survey in 2002/2003 which provides a new source of estimates (not directly comparable, however,
with the SLAN estimates). It found an annual prevalence of cannabis use among the population age
15-64 of 5.1%, of cocaine-type substances of 1.1%, of ecstasy-type substances of 1.1% and of
amphetamine of 0.4%.

402
 6.2. Treatment demand (Primary drugs of abuse)

PRIMARY DRUGS OF ABUSE AMONG PERSONS TREATED FOR DRUG PROBLEMS IN WEST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, 2002
2002 (or latest year available)
Distribution of main drug in percentages

Country Source Year Opiates Cocaine Amphetamines Ecstasy Hallucinogens Cannabis Other Illegal
Drugs
Austria EMCDDA 2001 100.0% - - - - - -
Belgium* Focal Point 2000 62.6% 6.0% 12.0% 2.0% 1.0% 17.3%
Denmark EMCDDA 2001 61.0% 6.7% 3% 1.0% 0% 17.0% 16.0%
Finland EMCDDA 2001 32.9% 0.2% 31.1% 0.9% 0.2% 25.6% 9.1%
France UNODC 2002 62.1% 7.3% 0.9% 1.40% 0.90% 23.2% 4.2%
Germany EMCDDA 2001 51.7% 6.9% 8.7% - 0.1% 27.2% 4.7%
Greece EMCDDA 2001 89.8% 0.8% 0% 0.2% 0.10% 7.3% 1.4%
Ireland EMCDDA 2000 67.9% 1.2% 0.6% 5.9% 0.2% 21.4% 2.8%
Italy EMCDDA 2001 82.4% 5.8% 0.2% 0.8% 0.1% 8.2% 2.5%
Luxembourg EMCDDA 2001 71.0% 7.0% 0% 1.0% 0% 17.0% 4.0%
Netherlands EMCDDA 2001 50.4% 29.9% 1.5% 0.8% 0.2% 14.9% 2.3%
Portugal EMCDDA 2000 38.7% 1.5% - 0% 0% 2.3% 0.1%
Spain EMCDDA 2001 70.7% 19.0% 0.5% 0.7% 0.2% 7.4% 1.5%
Sweden EMCDDA 2001 25.0% 1% 29% 3% 0% 25.0% 17.0%
Unied Kingdom EMCDDA 2001 77.5% 6.1% 2.7% 1.3% 0% 8.7% 3.6%
Average 62.9% 7.1% 6.9% 1.5% 0.2% 15.9% 5.3%
- Austria : data refers to clients in substitution treatment only: data on opiates as main drug are consequently 100%.
- Belgium : data for opiates, cocaine and cannabis refer to treatment centres in the French community in 2000; data for amphetamine and ecstasy refer to outpatient
treatment in Belgium in 1999.
- Denmark : data on opiates refer to heroin only,
- Germany : data only refer to outpatient treatment centres; data on opiates refer to heroin only and data on hallucinogens to LSD.
- France: data refer to the annual census on clients in treatment carried out in November 1999
- Italy : data only refer to outpatient treatment centres; opiates refer to heroin only.
- Netherlands : data only refer to outpatient treatment centres.
- Portugal : data on treatment demand refers to interventions (not people): opiates only refer to heroin.
- Sweden : data only refer to outpatient treatment centres.
- UK : data relate to the period from 1 Oct. 2000 to 31 March 2001.
Sources: EMCDDA, 2001 Annual Report on the State of the Drug Problem in the European Union; Govt. reports.
6. Consumption: Treatment demand

403
404
PRIMARY DRUGS OF ABUSE AMONG PERSONS TREATED FOR DRUG PROBLEMS IN EUROPE,
2002 (or latest year available)
Distribution of main drug in percentages
Amphetamine-type stimulants Hypnotics
City Source Year Opiates Cocaine Amphetamines Ecstasy Hallucinogens Cannabis and Inhalants/
Sedatives solvents
Austria, Vienna UNODC 1997 72.2 %
Belgium EMCDDA/Focal Point 2000 62.6% 6.0% 12.0 % 12.0 % 12.0 % 12.0 % 12.0 % 12.0 %
Bulgaria UNODC 1999 96.9% 0.5% - - - 1.2 % 1.1 % -
Croatia UNODC 2002 71.5% 0.4% - 1.7 % - 24.2 % 1.9 % 0.4 %
Cyprus* UNODC 1999 54.1% 7.7% - - - 38.1 % - -
Czech Republic UNODC 2002 25.0% 0.1% 51.9 % 2.5 % - 16.8 % - 3.7 %
Denmark UNODC 2002 37.1% 3.0% 4.1 % 0.8 % 0.2 % 20.4 % - 34.3 %
Finland EMCDDA 2001 32.9% 0.2% 31.1 % 0.9 % 0.2 % 25.6 % - -
France UNODC 2002 62.1% 7.3% 0.9 % 1.4 % 0.9 % 23.2 % - -
World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

Germany UNODC 2002 34.1% 11.9% 8.9 % 8.7 % 4.6 % 31.8 % - -

Greece UNODC 2002 50.5% 0.7% - 0.2 % - 47.3 % 0.7 % -
Hungary UNODC 2002 29.1% 2.4% 3.9 % 2.3 % - 15.6 % 46.7 % -
Iceland UNODC 2001 0.1% 7.1% 65.6 % 0.9 % - 26.3 % - -
Ireland UNODC 2002 76.7% 1.1% 0.4 % 4.2 % - 15.4 % 1.4 % -
Italy UNODC 2002 80.5% 7.0% - 1.0 % - 9.0 % 0.6 % -
Latvia UNODC 2002 82.5% 0.3% 3.5 % - - 0.7 % 3.9 % -
Liechtenstein UNODC 2002 17.2% 17.2% 6.9 % - - 58.3 % - -
Lithuania UNODC 2002 81.7% 0.1% 2.6 % - - 0.8 % - 4.0 %
Luxembourg UNODC 2001 80.0% 5.2% 1.7 % 1.7 % - 11.3 % - -
Malta UNODC 2001 100.0% 0.0% - - - - - -
Poland UNODC 2002 65.2% 0.3% 9.6 % - 1.1 % 4.7 % 12.9 % 6.0 %
Portugal UNODC 2000 90.8% 3.5% - - - 5.4 % 0.2 % -
Romania UNODC 2002 81.7% 0.2% 1.7 % 0.8 % 1.3 % 0.9 % - 13.5 %
Russian Fed. UNODC 2001 61.5% 0.1% 3.5 % - - 13.5 % - -
Slovakia UNODC 2002 65.6% 0.6% 9.2 % 0.4 % - 10.6 % 5.7 % 8.0 %
Slovenia UNODC 2002 90.8% 0.6% 0.4 % 0.4 % - 7.7 % - -
Spain UNODC 2002 71.1% 19.1% 0.5 % 0.7 % 0.2 % 7.5 % - -
Sweden UNODC 2002 40.4% 2.0% 34.3 % 1.5 % - 13.5 % 7.0 % -
Switzerland, Geneva UNODC 1997 93.6% 0.6% 1.9 % - - 1.9 % 1.3 % -
The Netherlands UNODC 2002 62.2% 23.2% 1.7 % 0.8 % - 12.1 % - -
Turkey UNODC 2001 58.6% 0.0% - - - 13.0 % 8.0 % 20.5 %
UK UNODC 2002 69.3% 6.2% 2.8 % 1.3 % - 8.8 % 2.3 % -
Average 61.4% 4.3% 8.4% 1.4% 0.7% 15.4% 3.4% 3.3%
This table does not include "other drugs", therefore the percentages may not add up to 100%.
* First Treatment Demand
Sources: UNODC, Annual Reports Questionnaire Data, EMCDDA, Data Library.
 PRIMARY DRUGS OF ABUSE AMONG PERSONS TREATED FOR DRUG PROBLEMS IN ASIA,
2002 (or latest year available)
Distribution of main drug in percentages
Amphetamine-type stimulants
City Source Year Opiates Cocaine Amphetamines Ecstasy Cannabis Inhalants Sedatives

Azerbaijan ARQ 1999 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Bahrein ARQ 1998 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Bangladesh ARQ 2002 86.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 9.8% 0.0% 1.8%
Brunei Darussalam ARQ 1999 0.0% 0.0% 96.4% 0.0% 0.0% 3.6% 0.0%
China Govt. Rep. 2003 74.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Hongkong, SAR of China Govt 2000 91.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
India UNODC/Govt. Study 2002 57.5% 3.8% 0.4% 0.0% 25.6% 0.0% 0.0%
Indonesia ARQ 2002 56.0% 0.0% 28.6% 0.0% 15.4% 0.0% 0.0%
Iran ARQ 1999 96.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.5% 0.0% 0.0%
Japan Govt 2000 0.4% 0.0% 60.5% 0.0% 0.5% 18.8% 0.0%
Jordan ARQ 1999 21.4% 0.0% 45.2% 0.0% 0.0% 6% 0.0%
Kazakhstan ARQ 2000 74.6% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 20% 0.0% 0.0%
Kuwait ARQ 2001 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Kyrgyzstan ARQ 2002 71.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 28.6% 0.0% 0.0%
Macao, SAR of China ARQ 2002 96.6% 0.0% 2.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.7%
Malaysia, Penang AMCEWG 2001 76.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 27.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Maldives ARQ 1998 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Mongolia ARQ 2001 71.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 28.6% 0.0% 0.0%
Myanmar ARQ 2002 91.8% 0.0% 5.9% 0.0% 1.5% 0.0% 0.0%
Nepal, Kathmandu AMCEWG 1994 87.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.4% 0.0% 0.0%
Oman ARQ 2002 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Pakistan ARQ/UNODC Study 2002 97.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Philippines ARQ 2001 0.0% 0.0% 75.5% 0.0% 24.5% 0.0% 0.0%
Qatar ARQ 1997 25.4% 0.0% 1.7% 0.0% 5.1% 10.2% 0.0%
Republic of Korea ARQ 2002 1.0% 0.0% 83.2% 1.0% 13.1% 0.0% 0.0%
Saudi Arabia ARQ 2001 15.1% 0.0% 41.3% 0.0% 15.9% 27.8% 0.0%
Singapore ARQ 2001 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Sri Lanka ARQ 2001 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Taiwan, Province of China AMCEWG 1999 37.5% 0.0% 44.8% 0.0% 0.0% 8.2% 7.2%
Tajikistan ARQ 2002 98.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.4% 0.0% 0.0%
Thailand Govt. Rep. 2001 40.8% 0.0% 56.2% 0.0% 1.4% 1.5% 0.0%
Uzbekistan ARQ 2002 79.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 16.3% 0.6% 0.6%
Viet Nam AMCEWG 2001 98.0% 0.0% 2.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Average 66.5% 0.1% 16.5% 0.0% 8.6% 2.2% 0.3%
This table does not include hallucinogens and "other drugs", therefore the percentages may not add up to 100% for all cities.
6. Consumption: Treatment demand

405
Sources: UNODC, Annual Reports Questionnaire Data; Asian Multicity Epidemiology work group (AMCEWG); Govt. reports
406
PRIMARY DRUGS OF ABUSE AMONG PERSONS TREATED FOR DRUG PROBLEMS IN OCEANIA
2002 (or latest year available)
Amphetamie-type stimulants
Country and year Source Year Opiates Cocaine Cannabis Amphetamines Ecstasy Inhalants Sedatives
Australia Govt 2001 62.4% 1.0% 14.8% 13.2% 0.8% 3.8%
New Zealand* Govt 1998/2003 31.7% 0.4% 23.1% 7.8% 3.2% 38.6%
Average 47.1% 0.7% 19.0% 10.5% 0.8% 3.2% 21.2%
* Data for New Zealand refer to 1998, the latest year for which a breakdown of drug related treatment data has been published; the proportion shown for amphetamines refers to 2003. The proportion of methamphetamine related telephone
helpline calls is used as a proxy for the importance of methamphetamine in overall treatment. In 1998 0.4% of treatment cases concerned amphetamines; telephone helplines reported a major increase with regard to methamphetamine from 0.5%
in 2001 to 1.4% in 2002 and 7.8% in 2003, in parallel, to hospital reports of strong increases in methamphetamine related cases.
World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics
 PRIMARY DRUG OF ABUSE AMONG PERSONS TREATED FOR DRUG PROBLEMS IN AFRICA,
2002 (or latest year available)
Distribution of main drugs in percentages
Amphetamine -
Country Source Year
Cannabis Opiates Cocaine type Methaqualone Inhalants Khat
stimulants
Algeria ARQ 1999 81.3 % 6.6 % 0.2 % - 2.1 % -
Botswana SENDU 2002 87.8 % - 0.8 % 0.8 % - -
Cameroon* RAS 1995 48.5 % 12.1 % 13.6 % - 36.4 % -
Chad ARQ 1996 50.6 % - 0.2 % 18.8 % - 6.3 % -
Congo ARQ 1995 100.0 % - - - -
Cote d'Ivoire ARQ 1998 91.0 % 4.1 % 3.0 % - - -
Egypt Field 1999 22.1 % 45.1 % 0.4 % - - -
Ethiopia ARQ 1999 14.6 % 9.6 % - - 75.6 %
Ghana ARQ 2002 86.1 % 1.0 % 0.6 % - - -
Kenya** RAS 1995 33.8 % 4.8 % 2.9 % 5.2 % - 20.5 % 14.3 %
Lesotho SENDU 2002 100.0 % - - - -
Madagascar EADIS 2002 87.3 % - 0.4 % - - -
Malawi SENDU 2002 100.0 % - - - -
Mauritius ARQ 2002 15.5 % 79.6 % 1.0 % - 0.7 % -
Mozambique SENDU 2002 56.5 % 41.3 % 2.5 % - - -
Namibia SENDU 2002 35.2 % - 16.5 % 5.0 % 42.8 % - -
Nigeria ARQ 1997 63.9 % 3.5 % 9.7 % 15.3 % - 7.6 % -
Sao Tome & Principe ARQ 1997 22.2 % 5.5 % 72.2 % - - -
Seychelles ARQ 2001/02 71.4 % 28.6 % 7.8 % 3.9 % - - -
Sierra Leone ARQ 1997 96.8 % - 0.6 % - - -
South Africa ARQ 2002 48.2 % 12.2 % 13.3 % 2.7 % 23.7 % - -
Tanzania ARQ 1999 95.2 % 4.8 % - - -
Togo ARQ 2001 90.7 % 0.1 % 0.3 % 0.3 % - - -
Zambia ARQ 2002 69.8 % 30.2 % - - -
Average 65.4 % 12.0 % 8.6 % 6.5 % 2.8 % 3.1 % 3.7 %
* Proxy: drugs locally consumed, based on key informants from social services (health affairs,), from traditional healers, and repression
** Proxy: drugs consumed, based on health workers.
Source: UNODC Annual Reports Questionnaires
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408
PRIMARY DRUGS OF ABUSE AMONG PERSONS TREATED FOR DRUG PROBLEMS IN THE AMERICAS,
2002 (or latest year available)
Cocaine-type Amphetamine - type
Country and year Source Year (cocaine, basuco & Cocaine Basuco Crack Cannabis Inhalants Tranquilizers Opiates
crack-cocaine) Amphetamines Ecstasy
Argentina ARQ 2002 51.7% 25.2% 13.6% 2.0%
Bahamas ARQ 1998 93.0% 7.0%
Barbados SIDUC 1998 72.3% 5.6% 66.7% 27.8%
Bolivia SIDUC 1998 54.8% 23.1% 31.8% 14.7% 1.4% 23.5%
Canada CCENDU 2001 28.3% 27.2% 0.5% 35.1% 6.8%
Brazil SIDUC 1999 59.2% 14.4% 44.8% 27.2% 2.0% 2.4% 0.4%
Chile SIDUC 1998 89% 21.2% 67.8% 4.1% 4.1%
Colombia SIDUC 1998 56.3% 28.1% 28.2% 13.4% 3.6% 4.8%
Costa Rica ARQ 2002 44.2% 55.8%
World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

Dominican Rep., ARQ 2001 76.4% 20.0% 3.6%

Ecuador SIDUC 1998 66.1% 13.5% 52.5% 10.2% 4.6%
El Salvador ARQ 1998 100.0%
Grenada ARQ 2001 56.3% 43.8%
Guatemala ARQ 2002 31.3% 62.5% 6.3%
Haiti ARQ 2002 40.0% 50.0% 10.0%
Honduras SIDUC 1998 9.0% 3.1% 5.9% 34.4% 9.0%
Jamaica SIDUC 1998 58% 58% 28.9%
Mexico ARQ 2002 35.1% 31.2% 6.8% 16.0% 8.0% 3.0%
Nicaragua SIDUC 1998 77.3% 14.5% 62.8% 7.3% 12.7%
Panama SIDUC 1998 49.4% 48.9% 0.5% 5.1% 0.5%
Peru SIDUC 1998 90.8% 20.4% 70.4% 5.6%
[Link] & Grenadines ARQ 2001 13.4% 86.6%
Trinidad & Tobago, ARQ 2001 67.2% 32.8%
Uruguay SIDUC 1998 46.4% 46.4% 12.2% 0.6% 9.2%
USA TEDS 2002 22.5% 6.1% 16.4% 26.4% 11.7% 0.3% 0.1% 0.8% 30.8%
Venezuela ARQ 2002 86.0% 12.8% 0.2% 0.2% 0.3% 0.9%
Unweighted average 56.7% 26.9% 3.9% 0.2% 7.7% 12.0% 1.8%
Average North America 28.6% 28.3% 6.3% 0.3% 8.1% 14.6% 13.6%
Average South America 60.4% 25.5% 0.7% 0.0% 3.3% 0.7% 0.3%
Note: These drugs represent the most common drugs of impact across countries, therefore the percentages may not add up to 100% for all countries.

Sources: SIDUC, Treatment Centres Data 1998, Drug of impact; SIDUC 1997 Report; Treatment episode dataset TEDS, USA 1992-2 Treatment episode data set TEDS, USA 1992-2002; Secretaria
Nacional Antidrogas, Brazil (Data refer to one treatment centre in Minas Gerais (985 cases); Canadian Community Epidemiology Network on Drug Use (CCENDU),
Morbidity Statistics 2000/2001 (separations related to illicit drug use).
 Methodology

Methodology
Considerable efforts have been made over the last few years to improve all available drug related estimates. The
data must still be interpreted with caution because of the clandestine nature of drug production, trafficking and
abuse. Apart from the ‘hidden’ nature of the phenomenon being measured, the main problems with regard to
data relate to the irregularity and incompleteness in reporting. This affects the quantity, quality and
comparability of information received. First, the irregular intervals at which some Governments report may
result in absence of data in some years but availability in others. The lack of regular data, for which UNODC
tries to compensate by reference to other sources, can influence trend patterns. Secondly, submitted
questionnaires are not always complete or sufficiently comprehensive. All figures should thus be seen as likely
orders of magnitude of the drug problem, but not as precise results. It should be also noted that all figures
provided, particularly those of more recent years, are subject to updating.

Sources and limitations of data on the supply side

Cultivation, production and manufacture

Global estimates are, in general, more robust on the production side, notably data for plant based drugs, than
on the demand side. In line with decisions of the Member States (1998 UNGASS and subsequent CND
resolutions), UNODC launched an Illicit Crop Monitoring Programme (ICMP) in 1999. The objective of the
programme is to assist Member States in establishing national systems to monitor the extent and evolution of
the illicit cultivation of narcotics crops on their territories. The results are compiled by UNODC to present
global estimates on an annual basis. Data on cultivation of opium poppy and coca bush and production of
opium and coca leaf, presented in this report for the main producing countries (Afghanistan, Myanmar and the
Lao PDR for opium and Colombia, Peru and Bolivia for coca) have been derived from these national
monitoring systems operating in the countries of illicit production. UNODC also conducted in 2003, for the
first time, a survey on cannabis resin production in Morocco, in close cooperation with the Government of
Morocco. Estimates for other countries presented in this report have been drawn from various other sources
including reports from Governments, UNODC field offices and the United States Department of State’s
Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs.

The key indicator for measuring progress made towards the supply reduction goals set out in the UNGASS
Political Declaration of June 1998 is the area under cultivation of narcotic crops. Since 1999, UNODC has
been supporting the establishment of national monitoring systems in the main narcotics production countries.
These monitoring systems are tailored to national specificities. The direct participation of UNODC ensures the
transparency of the survey activities. Through its network of monitoring experts at headquarters and in the
field, the UNODC ensures the conformity of the national systems so that they meet international
methodological standards and the information requirements of the international community. Most of these
monitoring systems rely on remote sensing technology (i.e. analysis of satellite imagery) in combination with
extensive field visits which is made possible through UNODC’s field presence in all of the main narcotics
producing countries. Satellite images, in combination with ground information, offer a reliable and objective
way of estimating illicit crops. Depending on the local conditions, the surveys are conducted either on a census
approach (coca cultivation in Colombia, Peru and Bolivia, cannabis cultivation in Morocco) or a sample
approach (opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan, Myanmar and Laos). In addition, the ground surveys made
possible through UNODC’s field presence in all of the main narcotics producing countries, assist UNODC to
obtain information on yields, drug prices and various other socio-economic data that is useful for alternative
development interventions. Detailed discussion of the methodological approaches can be found on
[Link]/unodc/en/crop_monitoring.

UNODC has also started to conduct yield surveys in some countries, measuring the yield of test fields, and to
develop methodologies to extrapolate the yields from proxy variables such as the volume of poppy capsules. All
of this is intended to further improve yield estimates, aiming at information that is independent from farmers’
reports. In countries in which UNODC has not, as yet, undertaken yield surveys, results from other surveys
conducted at the national level are used. This is currently still the case in all of the Andean countries. The
disadvantage of having to take recourse to yield data from other sources is that year on year variations, due to

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weather conditions, or due to the introduction of improved seeds, fertilizers and pesticides, are not properly
reflected in the end results.

More problematic, in general, are the transformation ratios used to calculate the potential cocaine production
from coca leaf or the heroin production from opium. In order to be precise, these calculations would require
detailed information at the local level on the morphine content in opium or the cocaine content in the coca
leaf, as well as detailed information on the clandestine laboratory efficiency, which in turn is a function of
know-how, equipment and precursor chemicals. This information is not available. However, a number of
studies conducted by enforcement agencies in the main drug producing countries have provided some orders of
magnitude for the transformation from the raw material to the end product. Nonetheless, potential margins of
error in this rapidly changing environment, with new laboratories coming on stream while others are being
dismantled, are still substantial. This also applies to the question of the psychoactive content of the narcotic
plants. One recent study conducted by UNODC in Afghanistan indicated that the morphine content of
Afghan opium could be significantly higher than was thought so far. This could mean higher levels of heroin
production than those estimated earlier. However, little is known about laboratory efficiency in Afghanistan
and neighbouring countries, or about the wastage in clandestine manufacturing or losses in Afghan heroin
shipments. As a consequence, UNODC has not changed the traditional 10:1 ratio for converting opium into
heroin.

‘Potential’ heroin or cocaine production, the indicator used throughout this report, shows the level of
production of heroin or cocaine if all of the opium or coca leaf were transformed into the end products. In
reality, however, part of the opium or the coca leaf is directly consumed in the producing countries or in
neighbouring countries, prior to the transformation into heroin or cocaine. There are important illicit opium
markets in Iran or Pakistan and coca leaf is used by the local population in Bolivia, Peru and northern Chile. In
addition, significant quantities of the intermediate products, coca paste or morphine, are also consumed in the
producing countries.

As the transformation ratios used are rather conservative, total ‘potential’ production, however, may well be
close to ‘actual’ production of the end products if one takes the de-facto lower amounts available for starting the
transformation process into account. There are thus two kinds of potential biases in the estimates which (at
least partly) can be expected to offset each other.

The use of the concept of ‘potential production’ at the country level also means that actual heroin or cocaine
production is under-estimated in some countries, and over-estimated in others while the estimate for the global
level should not be affected by this. The calculation of ‘potential’ cocaine production estimates for Peru, for
instance, exceeds actual local cocaine production as significant amounts of the coca paste or coca base produced
in Peru are exported to neighbouring Colombia for further processing into cocaine. Based on the same
reasoning, potential cocaine production estimates for Colombia under-estimate actual cocaine production in
the country. Actual cocaine manufacture in Colombia takes place from locally produced coca leaf as well as
from coca base imported from Peru.

In the case of cannabis, the globally most dispersed illegal drug, all available production estimates were
aggregated. In most cases, however, these estimates were not based on scientific studies and often referred to
different years (as only a few countries provided such estimates in the last Annual Reports Questionnaire
submitted to UNODC in 2003). The cannabis production estimate is thus less robust than the opium or
cocaine estimates which are based on detailed surveys. Nonetheless, cross-checks with existing seizure statistics
suggest that the magnitude of the overall cannabis estimate is probably correct. Plausibility considerations based
on seizure statistics suggest that any lower production of cannabis herb was very unlikely, as this would have
meant very high interception rates for cannabis. At the same time, UNODC’s first scientific study on the extent
of cannabis resin cultivation, conducted in Morocco, in combination with Member States reports of the origin
of cannabis resin seizures, also fit well with the global cannabis herb estimates. The cannabis resin production
data from Morocco suggested that significantly higher cannabis herb production estimates were unlikely as this
would have meant that law enforcement – worldwide – was only concentrating on cannabis resin and ignoring
cannabis herb. The strong efforts undertaken by enforcement agencies in North America (notably in Mexico
and the USA), resulting in the bulk of global cannabis herb seizures, do not provide evidence that this was the
case at the global level. Thus plausibility consideration established both a lower limit and an upper limit at
around the current cannabis production estimates. Though the resulting global cannabis herb and global
cannabis resin estimates cannot be considered to be very precise, they show magnitudes that are in line with

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existing data from other sources, and they also enable the establishment of a trend, which is in line with
trafficking and abuse estimates.

The potential margins of error for synthetic drugs, such as the ATS, are similar to those of the cannabis
estimates, and thus significantly larger than the estimates for heroin or cocaine. The approach taken in this case
was one of triangulation, estimating production based on reported seizures of the end products in combination
with some assumptions of law enforcement effectiveness, seizure data of precursor chemicals and estimates
based on the number of consumers and their likely levels of per capita consumption. While each individual
calculation may well raise some questions, the overall results of the three approaches showed similar orders of
magnitude, suggesting that actual production levels of ATS may not be too far-off from the resulting mid-point
estimates.

This approach, however, does not enable year-on-year production estimates for the ATS. An indirect indicator
for the evolution of clandestine manufacturing activities is the detection and dismantling of laboratories
producing ATS. This indicator has shown a clear increase over the last decade, in line with observations of
increased trafficking and abuse. The validity of this trend indicator is, however, limited. There is, first of all, a
serious problem of irregular reporting by Member States. There are also problems of consistency in reporting.
For example, some countries include “kitchen” laboratories in the total number of manufacturing sites detected
while others only count fully equipped clandestine laboratories. By the same token, if a country changes its
reporting practice to include “kitchen” laboratories, when it earlier excluded them, the picture can be
potentially distorted.

Trafficking
The information on trafficking, as presented in this report, is mainly drawn from the Annual Reports
Questionnaires (ARQ), submitted by Governments to UNODC in 2003 and early 2004 and refers to the year
2002 (and previous years). Additional sources, such as other governmental reports, the International Criminal
Police Organization (Interpol), the World Customs Organization (WCO) and UNODC’s field offices, were
used to supplement the information. Priority was, however, given to officially transmitted data in the Annual
Reports Questionnaire. The analysis of quantities seized, shown in this report, was based on information
provided by 165 countries & territories in 2000, 161 in 2001 and 152 in 2002. Seizures are thus the most
comprehensive indicator of the drug situation and its evolution at the global level. Though they may not always
reflect trafficking trends correctly at the national level, they tend to show good representations of trafficking
trends at the regional and global levels.

There are some technical problems as – depending on the drugs - some countries report seizures in weight
terms (kg), in volume terms (litres) while other countries report seizures in ‘unit terms’. In Volume II, seizures
are shown as reported. In the analytical sections of Volume I of the report, seizure data have been aggregated
and transformed into a unique measurement: seizures in ‘kilogram equivalents’. For the purposes of the
calculations a ‘typical consumption unit’ (at street purity) was assumed to be: cannabis herb: 0.5 grams,
cannabis resin: 0.135 grams; cocaine and ecstasy: 0.1 grams, heroin and amphetamines: 0.03 grams, LSD:
0.00005 grams (50 micrograms). A litre of seizures was assumed to be equivalent to a kilogram. For opiate
seizures, it was assumed that 10 kg of opium were equivalent to 1 kg of morphine or heroin. Though all of
these transformation ratios can be disputed, they at least provide a possibility of combining all the different
seizure reports into one comprehensive measure. The transformation ratios have been derived from those used
by law enforcement agencies, in the scientific literature, by the INCB, and were established in consultation with
UNODC’s Laboratory and Scientific Section.

Seizures are used as an indicator for trends and patterns in trafficking. In combination with changes in drug
prices or drug purities, changes in seizures can indicate whether trafficking has increased or declined. Increases
in seizures in combination with stable or falling drug prices is a strong indication of rising trafficking activities.
Increasing seizures and rising drug prices, in contrast, may be a reflection of improved enforcement
effectiveness. Changes in trafficking can also serve as an indirect indicator for global production and abuse of
drugs. Seizures are, of course, only an indirect indicator for trafficking activities, influenced by a number of
additional factors, such as variations in law enforcement practices and changes in reporting modalities. Thus,
the extent to which seizure statistics from some countries constitute all reported national cases, regardless of the
final destination of the illicit drug, can vary and makes it sometimes difficult to assess actual trafficking
activities. The problem is exacerbated by increasing amounts of drugs being seized in countries along the main
transit routes, the increasing use of ‘controlled deliveries’, in which countries forego the possibility of seizing
drugs immediately in order to identify whole trafficking networks operating across countries, and ‘upstream

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disruptions’, making use of intelligence information to inform partner countries and enable them to seize such
deliveries prior to entering the country of final destination. Some of the increase of cocaine seizures in the
Andean countries and declines of such seizures in North America and Western Europe in 2002, for instance,
may have been linked to such upstream market disruptions.

However, over longer periods of time and over larger geographical entities, seizures have proven to be a good
indicator to reveal underlying trafficking trends. While seizures at the national level may be influenced by large
quantities of drugs in transit or by shifts in law enforcement priorities, it is not very likely that the same is true
at the regional or at the global level. If a large drug shipment, while in transit, is taken out of the market in one
country, fewer drugs will be probably seized in the neighbouring countries. Similarly, if enforcement efforts and
thus seizures decline in one country, the neighbouring countries are likely to suffer from intensified trafficking
activities, resulting in rising levels of seizures. The net results, emerging from changes of enforcement priorities
of an individual country, are thus, in general, not significant at the regional or at the global level. Actual
changes in trafficking can thus be considered to be among the main reasons for changes in seizures at the
regional level or the global level. Indeed, comparisons, on a time-series basis, of different indicators with
statistical dependence have shown strong correlations (e.g. global opium production estimates and global
seizures of opiates, or global coca leaf production and global cocaine seizures), supporting the statistical worth
of seizure statistics at regional and global levels. At the same time, data also show that interception rates have
gradually increased over the last decade, reflecting improved law enforcement effectiveness at the global level.

Sources and limitations of data on consumption

Extent of drug abuse

a. Overview
UNODC estimates of the extent of drug abuse in the world have been published periodically since 1997 (see
World Drug Reports 1997 and 2000, and Global Illicit Drug Trends 2002 and 2003). The fifth round of
estimates, presented in this report, is based on information received until April 2004.

Assessing the extent of drug abuse (the number of drug abusers) is a particularly difficult undertaking because it
involves measuring the size of a hidden population. Margins of error are considerable, and tend to multiply as
the scale of estimation is raised, from local to national, regional and global levels. Despite some improvements
in recent years, estimates provided by member states to UNODC are still very heterogeneous in terms of
quality and reliability. These estimates cannot simply be aggregated globally to arrive at the total number of
drug users in the world. Yet it is both desirable and possible to establish basic orders of magnitude - which are
obviously subject to revision as new and better information is generated.

A global estimate of the level of abuse of specific drugs involves the following steps:

1. Identification and analysis of appropriate sources.

2. Identification of key benchmark figures for the level of drug abuse in selected countries
(annual prevalence of drug abuse among the general population age 15-64) which then serve
as ‘anchor points’ for subsequent calculations.
3. ‘ Standardization’ of existing data (e.g. from age group 12 and above to a standard age group
of 15-64).
4. Extrapolation of existing results based on information from neighbouring countries with
similar cultural, social and economic situations (e.g. life-time prevalence or current use to
annual prevalence, or school survey results to annual prevalence among the general
population).
5. Extrapolation of available results from countries in a region to the region as a whole, using all
available quantitative and qualitative information.
6. Aggregation of regional results to arrive at global results.

Estimates of illicit consumption for a large number of countries have been received by UNODC over the years
(in the form of Annual Reports Questionnaires (ARQ) submitted by Governments), and been identified from
additional sources, such as other governmental reports and research results from scientific literature. Officially
transmitted information in any specific year, however, would not suffice to establish global estimates. In 2002,
for instance, only 59 countries provided UNODC with quantitative estimates of the drug situation in their

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country, including 44 countries providing estimates of the prevalence of drug consumption among the general
population and 56 countries providing estimates of prevalence of drug use among their student populations.
For countries that did not submit information, other sources, where available, were identified. Alternatively,
information provided by Governments in previous years was used. In such cases, the prevalence rates were left
unchanged and applied to new population estimates for the year 2002. In addition, a number of estimates
needed to be ‘adjusted’ (see below). Using all of these sources, estimates were established for 135 countries and
then aggregated into the global estimate.

Detailed information is available from countries in North America, a large number of countries in Europe, a
number of countries in South America, a few countries in Oceania (though including the two largest countries)
and a limited number of countries in Asia and in Africa. For other countries, available qualitative information
on the drug abuse situation only allows for some ‘guess estimates’. In the case of complete data gaps for
individual countries, it was assumed that drug abuse was likely to be close to the respective sub-regional average,
unless other available indicators suggested that they were likely to be above or below such an average.

One key problem in currently available prevalence estimates from countries is still the level of accuracy, which
varies strongly from country to country. While a number of estimates are based on sound epidemiological
surveys, some are obviously the result of guesswork. In other cases, the estimates simply reflect the aggregate
number of drug addicts found in drug registries which probably cover only a small fraction of the total drug
abusing population in a country.

Even in cases where detailed information is available, there is often considerable divergence in definitions used -
registry data (people in contact with the treatment system or the judicial system) versus survey data (usually
extrapolation of results obtained through interviews of a selected sample); general population versus specific
surveys of groups in terms of age (e.g. school surveys), special settings (such as hospitals or prisons), life-time,
annual, or monthly prevalence, etc.

In order to reduce the error from simply aggregating such diverse estimates, an attempt was made to standardize
- as a far as possible - the very heterogeneous data set. Thus, all available estimates were transformed into one
single indicator – annual prevalence among the general population age 15 to 64 and above - using
transformation ratios derived from analysis of the situation in neighbouring countries, and if such data were not
available, on estimates from the USA, the most studied country worldwide with regard to drug abuse.

The basic assumption is that the level of drug use differs between countries, but that there are general patterns
(e.g. lifetime time prevalence is higher than annual prevalence; young people consume more drugs than older
people) which apply universally. It also assumed that the ratio between lifetime prevalence and annual
prevalence among the general population or between lifetime prevalence among young people and annual
prevalence among the general population, do not vary too much among countries with similar social, cultural
and economic situation. Various calculations of long-term data from a number of countries seem to confirm
these assumptions.

In order to minimize the potential error from the use of different methodological approaches, all available
estimates for the same country - after transformation - were taken into consideration and - unless
methodological considerations suggested a clear superiority of one method over another - the mean of the
various estimates was calculated and used as UNODC’s country estimate.

b. Indicators used
The most widely used indicator at the global level is the annual prevalence rate: the number of people who
have consumed an illicit drug at least once in the last twelve months prior to the survey. As “annual prevalence”
is the most commonly used indicator to measure prevalence, it has been adopted by UNODC as the key
a
indicator to measure the extent of drug abuse. It is also part of the Lisbon Consensus (20-21 January 2000) on

a
The basic indicators to monitor drug abuse, agreed by all participating organizations that formed part of the Lisbon Consensus in 2000, are:
- Drug consumption among the general population (estimates of prevalence and incidence);
- Drug consumption among the youth population (estimates of prevalence and incidence);
- High-risk drug abuse (estimates of the number of injecting drug users and the proportion engaged in high-risk behaviour, estimates of the
number of daily drug users);
- Utilization of services for drug problems (number of individuals seeking help for drug problems);
- Drug-related morbidity (prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among illicit drug consumers);
- Drug-related mortality (deaths directly attributable to drug consumption).

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core epidemiological demand indicators (CN.7/2000/CRP.3). The use of “annual prevalence” is a compromise
between “life-time prevalence” data (drug use at least once in a life-time) and data on current use. Lifetime
prevalence data are, in general, easier to generate but are not very illustrative. (The fact that a 50-year-old
person smoked marijuana at the age of 20 does not provide much insight into the current drug abuse problem).
Data on current use (e.g. monthly prevalence) are of more value. However, they often require larger samples in
order to obtain meaningful results, and are thus more costly to generate.

The “annual prevalence” rate is usually shown as a percentage of the youth and adult population. The
definitions of the age groups vary, however, from country to country. Given a highly skewed distribution of
drug abuse among the different age cohorts in most countries (youth and young adults tend to have
substantially higher prevalence rates than older adults or retired persons), differences in the age groups can lead
to substantially diverging results. Typical age groups used are: 12+; 16-59; 12-60; 15+; 18+; 18-60; 15-45; 15-
75; and increasingly age 15-64. In the past UNODC reported the prevalence rate in percent of the population
age 15+. The new Annual Reports Questionnaire adopted by Member States stipulates the age group 15-64 as
the key population group for which drug abuse it to be measured. Thus, prevalence data in this report are now
reported for the age group 15-64. In case the age groups reported by Member States did not differ significantly
from the 15-64 age group, they were presented as reported and the age group was explicitly added. In cases
where studies were based on significantly different age groups (e.g. age 15-45) and there were reasons to believe
that drug use would be different among those 15-64, results were adjusted to the age group of 15-64. (See
below).

The methods used for collecting data on illicit activities vary from country to country. This reduces
comparability. Possibilities to reduce differences – ex post – arising due to different methodological approaches
are limited. UNODC thus welcomes efforts at the regional level to arrive at more comparable data (as is
currently the case in Europe under the auspices of EMCDDA and in the Americas under the auspices of
CICAD).

In a number of cases, diverging results are also obtained for the same country, applying differing
methodological approaches. In such cases, the sources were analysed in-depth and priority was given to the
methodological approaches that are usually also used in other countries. For example, it is generally accepted
that household surveys are reasonably good instruments to estimate cannabis, ATS or cocaine abuse among the
general population. Thus household survey results were usually given priority over other sources of prevalence
estimates, such as reported registry data from the police or from treatment providers.

However, when it comes to heroin abuse (or drug injecting), there seems to be a general agreement that annual
prevalence data derived from national household surveys tend to grossly under-estimate such abuse because
b
severe heroin addicts often do not live in households They are often homeless, in hospitals or in prisons.
Moreover, heroin abuse is highly stigmatized in many countries so that the willingness to openly report a heroin
abuse problem is limited. However, a number of indirect methods have been developed over the last two
decades to provide estimates for this group of problem drug users. They include various multiplier methods
(e.g. treatment multipliers, police data multipliers, HIV/AIDS multipliers or mortality multipliers), capture-
recapture methods, and multivariate indicators.

Treatment multiplier: If a survey among heroin addicts reveals, for instance, that one quarter of them was in
treatment in the last year, the multiplication of the registered treatment population with a multiplier of four
provides an estimate of the likely total number of problem heroin users in a country. Police data multiplier:
Similarly, if a survey among heroin addicts reveals that one out of five addicts was arrested in the previous year,
a multiplication of the persons arrested for heroin possession by the multiplier (five) provides another estimate
for the number of heroin users. Establishing various multipliers and applying them to the registered drug using
population, provides a range of likely estimates of the heroin abuse population in a country. Either the mid-
point of the range, the median or the mean of these estimates can be subsequently used to arrive at a national
estimate.

While in the analysis of the drug abuse situation and drug abuse trends all these indicators were considered, when it came to provide a global
comparison a choice was made to rely on the one key indicator that is most available and provides an idea of the magnitude for the drug abuse
situation: annual prevalence among the population aged 15 to 64.
b
The problem of under-estimation is more widespread for heroin, but it is not excluded for other drugs, especially drugs related to problem drug
use such as cocaine or methamphetamine.

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Capture-recapture models are another method based on probability considerations, which can be undertaken
c
without additional field research . If in one register (e.g. arrest register) 5000 persons are found (for possession
of heroin) and in a second register (e.g. treatment register) 2000 persons are found (for treatment of heroin
abuse), and there are 400 persons who appear in both registries, it can be assumed that 20% (400/2000) of the
drug addicts have been arrested, so that the total heroin addict population could be around 25,000
d
(5000/20%), five times larger than the total number of arrested heroin users. Results can usually be improved
if data from more than two registers are analysed (e.g. data from arrest register, treatment register, ambulance
register, mortality register, substitution treatment register, HIV register etc). More sophisticated capture-
recapture models exist, and are used by some advanced countries, in order to make calculations based on more
than two registries. However in order to arrive at reasonable orders of magnitude of the heroin problem in a
particular country it is probably sufficient to calculate the various combinations shown above and subsequently
report the mid-point, the median or the mean of the resulting estimates.

Another interesting approach is the use of multivariate indicators. For this approach, a number of local/regional
studies are conducted, using various multiplier and/or capture-recapture methods. Such local studies are usually
far cheaper than comprehensive national studies. They serve as anchor points for the subsequent estimation
procedures. The subsequent assumption is that drug abuse at the local level correlates with other data that are
readily available. For instance, heroin arrest data, heroin treatment data, IDU related HIV data, etc. are likely
to be higher in communities where heroin abuse is high and lower in communities where heroin abuse is low.
In addition, heroin abuse may correlate with some readily available social indicators (higher levels in deprived
areas than in affluent areas; higher levels in urban than in rural areas etc). Taking all of this additional
information into account, results from the local studies are then extrapolated to the national level.

Whenever such indirect estimates for problem drug use were available, they were given priority over household
survey results. Most of the estimates for problem drug use were obtained from European countries. Unless there
was evidence that a significant proportion of problem drug use was related to the use of other drugs, it was
assumed that the problem drug use concerned opiates. In the case of some of the Nordic countries, where
amphetamine use is known to account for a significant proportion of overall problem drug use, the data of
reported problem drug users were corrected by applying the proportion of opiate consumers in treatment in
order to arrive at estimates for opiate abuse.

For other drugs, priority was given to annual prevalence data found by means of household surveys. A number
of countries, however, did not report annual prevalence data, but lifetime or current use of drug consumption,
or they provided annual prevalence data but for a different age group. In order to arrive at basically comparable
results, it was thus necessary to extrapolate from reported current use or lifetime prevalence data to annual
prevalence rates and/or to adjust results for differences in age groups.

c. Extrapolation methods used

The methods used for these adjustments and extrapolations are best explained by providing a number of
concrete examples:

Adjustment for differences in the age groups:

New Zealand, for instance, undertook a household survey in 2001, covering the population age 15-45.
According to this survey, annual prevalence of ecstasy use was found to affect 3.4% of the population 15-45,
equivalent to about 56,000 people. Given the strong association between ecstasy use and younger age groups it
can be assumed that there is little ecstasy use in the 45+ age group. Thus, simply dividing the ecstasy using
population established above by the age group 15-64 gives an estimated prevalence rate of 2.25%.

c
Such methods were originally developed to estimate the size of animal population. If, for instance, 200 fish are caught (‘ capture’), marked, and
released back into the lake, and then the next day 100 fish are caught, of which 10 were already marked (‘re-captured’), probability considerations
suggest that the number of fish captured the first day were a 10% sample of the total population. Thus the total population of the lake can be
estimated at around 2000 fish.
d
The advantage of this method is that no additional field research is necessary. There are, however, problems as the two ‘ sampling processes’ for
the registries in practice are not independent from each other so that some of the underlying assumptions of the model may be violated (e.g. the
ratio could be higher as some of the people arrested are likely to be transferred to a treatment facility; thus the ratio does not correspond any longer
to the true proportion of people arrested among the addicts population, and may lead to an under-estimation of the total heroin addict
population).

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The situation is slightly more complex when it comes to cocaine. The same approach for New Zealand would
lower the annual cocaine prevalence rate from 0.6% of the population age 15-45 to 0.4% of the population age
15-64. In this case, however, it must be assumed that there are still some people above the age of 45 consuming
cocaine. A rate of 0.4% is thus a minimum estimate. An alternative estimation approach, however, is indicated.
Thus, the relationship between cocaine consumption among the group of those age 15-45 and those age 15-64
in other countries was investigated. The finding was that the prevalence rate of cocaine use among those age 15-
64 tends to be around 75% of the prevalence rate of those age 15-45. Instead of 0.4%, the cocaine prevalence
rate in New Zealand has thus been estimated to affect 0.45% of the population age 15-64.

Similar considerations were also used for the age-group adjustment of data from other countries. A number of
countries reported prevalence rates for the age groups 15+ or 18+. In these cases it was generally assumed that
there was no substance abuse above the age of 65. The number of drug users based on the population age 15+
(or age 18+) was thus simply shown as a proportion of the population age 15-64.

Extrapolation of results from lifetime prevalence to annual prevalence

Some countries have conducted surveys in recent years, but did not ask the question whether drug consumption
took place over the last year. In such cases, results can be still extrapolated to arrive at annual prevalence
estimates and reasonably good estimates can be expected. Taking data for life-time and annual prevalence of
cocaine use in countries of Western Europe, for instance, it can be shown that there is a rather strong positive
correlation between the two measures (correlation coefficient R = 0.91); i.e. the higher the life-time prevalence,
the higher is, in general, annual prevalence and vice versa. Based on the resulting regression curve (x = 0.448y -
0.206 with x = annual prevalence and y = life-time prevalence) it can be estimated that a West European
country with a life-time prevalence of 2% is likely to have an annual prevalence of around 0.7% (0.448*2 -
0.206 = 0.7; also see figure).

Annual and life-time prevalence rates of cocaine use in Western Europe

6.0
in % of population age

5.0 Prevalence rates

life-time prevalence

Trend-line
4.0
15-64

3.0 y = 1.849x + 0.8001

x = 0.448y - 0.206
2.0

1.0 R = 0.91; R2 = 0.828

0.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
annual prevalence
in % of population age 15-64

Sources: UNODC, Annual Reports Questionnaire Data / EMCDDA.

Almost the same result is obtained by calculating the ratio of the unweighted annual prevalence rates of the
West European countries and the unweighted life-time prevalence rate (0.88/2.43 = 0.362) and multiplying
this ratio with the life-time prevalence of the country concerned (0.362 * 2% = 0.7%).

A similar approach used was to calculate the overall ratio by averaging the annual/life-time ratios, calculated for
each countrye. Multiplying the resulting average ratio (0.347) with the lifetime prevalence of the country
concerned provides the estimate for the annual prevalence (0.347 * 2% = 0.7%). This approach also enables the
calculation of a confidence interval for the estimate. With a 95% probability the likely annual prevalence

e
For each country the ratio between annual prevalence and lifetime prevalence is calculated. The results are than averaged: In our example:
(0.4+0.33+0.14+0.33+0.38+0.27+0.32+0.39+0.33+0.31+0.38+0.57)/12 = 0.347.

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 Methodology

estimate for the country concerned falls within a range of 0.6% to 0.8%f. Given this close relationship between
life-time and annual prevalence (and an even stronger correlation between annual prevalence and monthly
prevalence), extrapolations from life-time or current use data to annual prevalence data was usually given
preference to other kinds of possible extrapolations.

However, data also show that good estimation results (showing only a small potential error) can only be
expected from extrapolations done for a country located within the same region. If instead of using the West
European average (0.35), the ratio found in the USA was used (0.17), the estimate for a country with a lifetime
prevalence of cocaine use of 2% would decline to 0.3% (2% * 0.17). Such an estimate is likely to be correct for
a country with a drug history similar to the United States, but it is probably not correct for a West European
country where the dynamics of the drug markets showed a different pattern. The reason for the difference is
that the USA has had a cocaine problem for more than two decades and is thus confronted with very high
lifetime prevalence rates while it made considerable progress in reducing cocaine consumption as compared to
the mid 1980s. All of this leads to a small proportion of annual prevalence to lifetime prevalence. In Western
Europe, by contrast, the cocaine problem is largely a phenomenon of the last decade and still growing. The
result, obviously, is a much larger ratio.

Against this background, data from countries in the same region were used, wherever possible, for extrapolation
purposes. Thus, data from Eastern Europe were used to extrapolate results for countries which did not collect
annual prevalence rates. All of the East European countries had very low drug abuse levels during the cold war,
but they grew rapidly in the 1990s. UNODC received annual prevalence estimates from the Czech Republic,
Slovakia, Poland and Estonia, and lifetime prevalence estimates from Hungary and Estonia. The following
example shows how the extrapolations were done for cannabis. Based on available data, an average ratio of
annual prevalence to lifetime prevalence of 0.38 was established for the region. Applying this ratio to the
lifetime prevalence found in Hungary (5.7%) provided an estimate of 2.2% (range: 1.2%-3.2%). In the case of
Slovenia, the lifetime prevalence had first to be adjusted from the population 18+ to the age group 15-64. The
resulting lifetime prevalence (10%) was then multiplied with the ratio (10% * 0.38) to arrive at an estimate of
annual prevalence of cannabis use in the country (3.8%; range: 2.1%-5.6%). The calculation of the confidence
intervals was the same as discussed above. If the ratios found in the USA had been used instead, the estimate
would have been 1.5% for Hungary and 2.7%for Slovenia. Such estimates are likely to underestimate annual
prevalence of cannabis use in the two countries and were thus not used. Nonetheless, they are useful as they
provide some idea of the likely magnitude of the lower limit for the country estimates.

f
The calculation of the confidence interval can be done as follows:
1).Determination of alpha (usually 0.05);
2).Determination of the number of observations (12 in this case) and 3. Calculation of the standard deviation (0.099 in this example). This
allows to calculate the standard error (standard deviation: (square root of n), i.e. (0.099/(square root of 12)) = 0.0286)). The z value for alpha
equalling 0.05 is 1.96. Multiplying the standard error with the z-value (0.0286*1.96) would give the confidence interval (+/- 0.056). But,
given the low number of observations (where n< 30), the use of t-statistics is indicated. In this case, the standard error must be multiplied
with the appropriate t-value (2.201 in this example for 12 observations and alpha equalling 0.05 for two-sided t-statistics as can be found in t-
value statistics). The result is a confidence interval of +/- 0.0629 (=0.0286 * 2.201). Several spreadsheet programs provide such statistics
automatically. In Excel, for instance, the ‘descriptive statistics’ in tool menu under ‘data analysis’ calculates the confidence interval
automatically and uses the t-statistics, wherever appropriate. Applying the +/-0.063 confidence interval to the average ratio calculated above to
the mean ratio of 0.347 gives a range of ratios of 0.282 to 0.41. Using the two ratios one arrives at a minimum estimate of the annual
prevalence rate of 0.56% (2% * 0.282) and a maximum estimate of the annual prevalence rate of 0.82% (2% * 0.41).

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Estimates of annual prevalence of cannabis use among the general population in new EU member
countries
Age group Life-time Annual prevalence Range Ratio Population
prevalence (95% confidence interval)
Czech Republic 15-65 21.1 10.9 0.52
Slovakia 15-64 14.6 3.6 0.25
Poland 16+ 6.5 2.4 0.37
Estonia 18-70 5.0 2.0 0.40
Average ratio 0.38

Estimates of annual prevalence

Hungary 18-65 5.7 2.2 (5.7*0.38) 1.2 – 3.2

Slovenia 18+ 8.8 1,579,624

Adjusted 15-64 10.0 1,394,414
Slovenia 15-64 10.0 3.8 (10*0.38) 2.1 – 5.6

Extrapolation of results from IDU related HIV cases and other indicators
In a number of cases, countries have supplied UNODC with information that is not directly comparable with
information from other countries. In such cases reported data as well as all available estimates based on
extrapolation from other sources have been used to arrive at an ‘UNODC estimate’.

The problem can be demonstrated using the example of the Ukraine. Official data, submitted to UNODC,
showed a prevalence rate of opiate abuse of 0.16%. Using such data would have implied that the country – in
comparative terms – would have had one of the lowest levels of opiate abuse in Europe. Other available (mainly
qualitative) information suggested, however, that this was not likely to be the case. Indeed, the data provided
only covered the number of registered opiate users, and thus represented the lowest possible estimate of opiate
abuse in the country. Based on the country’s participation in the ESPAD school surveys, a regression analysisg
with data from other countries in the region suggested that a prevalence rate of around 0.9% could be expected.
Based on the number of newly registered HIV cases in this country in 2002, related to injecting drug use (and
thus to injecting of opiates), a linear regression analysis with opiate abuse in other countries of the region
suggested that a prevalence rate of 1.2% of the population age 15-64 could be possible. However, it must be
taken into account that the correlation of opiate use and school survey results is not very strong and that the
correlation between opiate abuse and IDU-related HIV is very weak, as shown by available data from both
Eastern Europe and Western Europe. The actual spread of the HIV virus among IDUs and differences in drug
policies (such as needle exchange programmes) seem to account for this. It is thus not possible to rely merely on
school survey data or HIV data for extrapolation purposes. It is nonetheless likely that the actual prevalence rate
falls within the range of 0.2% to 1.2%. Given the lack of any clear indication of the superiority of one method
over another, the average of all three estimates was calculated and is used, for the moment, as the UNODC
estimate for the country. The resulting estimate (0.8%) is about 4 times the number of registered opiate users in
the country. This is not uncommon, as similar ratios between total use and registered use have also been found
in a number of other countries.

g
The linear regression was calculated by using the ‘forecast’ function in an Excel spreadsheet.

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 Methodology

Estimate for opiate abuse based on IDU-related HIV data and other indicators

Opiate abuse Source ESPAD 1999 IDU related HIV cases

in % of population in % of 15-16 year olds per million inhabitants in 2002
age 15-64 based on Euro HIV
EMCDDA
Estonia 1.20 2 516
(problem drug use)
EMCDDA
Latvia 1.72 4 164
(problem drug use)
EMCDDA
Poland 0.24 2 5
(problem drug use)
Russia 2.10 Russian authorities 2 125
Estimates of opiate abuse
Source / method
(for population age 15-64)
Ukraine 0.16 ARQ, registered users, 1 94
ESPAD, using a regression
Ukraine 0.9
analysis
HIV, using a regression
Ukraine 1.2
analysis
Ukraine 0.8 Average (‘UNODC estimate’)

Extrapolations based on school surveys

Analysis of countries which have conducted both school surveys and national household surveys shows that
there is, in general, a positive correlation between the two variables, particularly for cannabis, ATS and cocaine.
The correlation, however, is weaker than that of lifetime and annual prevalence or current use and annual
prevalence among the general population but stronger than the correlation between opiate use and IDU-related
HIV cases.

The following example shows the extrapolation of school survey results for cocaine abuse in the Americas.
Overall 10 countries in the region provided estimates for both annual prevalence from household surveys and
estimates from student surveys. The correlation between results of annual prevalence in household surveys is
clearly positive, though not very strong (R = 0.67), leading to rather large confidence intervals.

In Colombia, for instance, a youth survey, conducted in 2001, revealed a lifetime prevalence of cocaine abuse of
4.5 % among those age 10-24 and - within this group - a lifetime prevalence of 4.2% among secondary school
students. Based on the average ratio between annual prevalence in household surveys and lifetime prevalence
among secondary school students, an annual prevalence of 2.3% could be estimated. Using a linear regression
analysish, based on the results of other countries in the Americas, an annual prevalence of cocaine use of 1.6%
can be expected. For calculation of the global cocaine estimates, the estimates resulting from the linear
regression were used. However, the range of the estimates is rather large. With 95% confidence the true results
for Colombia should fall within a range of 0.8% to 2.4%.i

h
The regression analysis was done using the ‘Forecast’ function in Excel.
i
Calculations of the confidence interval based on a regression analysis are too detailed to provide here, but can be documented if
necessary.

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Estimates of annual prevalence of cocaine use in the Americas based on school survey data
Year Age group Annual prevalence School survey life-time Source Ratio
based on household survey
USA 2002 15-64 3.1 13 to 18 5.8 UNODC 0.53
Argentina 1999 16-64 1.9 12 to 18 1.3 UNODC 1.47
Chile 2002 15-64 1.6 13 to 18 5.1 UNODC 0.31
Ontario
(Canada)
2000 15-64 1.4 11 to 19 5.2 Govt. 0.27

Bolivia 2000 12+ 1.1 12 to 19 1.7 UNODC 0.66

Ecuador 1995 15-64 0.9 13 to 18 2.4 UNODC 0.38
Peru 2002 12-64 0.7 12 to 17 1.6 UNODC 0.43
Brazil 2001 15-64 0.5 10 to 19 2.0 UNODC 0.25
Costa Rica 2000 12-70 0.4 13 to 18 0.4 UNODC 1.00
Uruguay 2001 12-65 0.3 13 to 17 2.4 UNODC 0.13
Average 0.54
Estimates of annual prevalence School surveys data
Year Age group Based on Based on Age group Life-time Source:
regression analysis average ratio
Colombia 2001 15-65 1.6 2.3 10 to 18 4.2 UNODC
Guatemala 2001 15-65 1.0 1.2 12 to 19 2.2 CICAD
Nicaragua 2001 15-65 1.0 1.1 12 to 19 2.1 CICAD
St. Lucia 2002 15-65 1.0 1.1 12 to 19 2.1 GAP
Barbados 2002 15-65 0.9 1.1 12 to 19 2.0 UNODC
Nicaragua 2002 15-65 0.9 1.1 12 to 19 2.0 UNODC
Jamaica 2001 15-65 0.9 1.0 12 to 16 1.9 GAP
Guatemala 2002 15-65 0.9 1.0 12 to 19 1.8 UNODC
El Salvador 2002 15-65 0.8 0.8 12 to 19 1.5 UNODC
Bahamas 2001 15-65 0.8 0.8 12 to 19 1.5 UNODC
Honduras 2002 15-65 0.8 0.8 12 to 19 1.5 UNODC
Bahamas 2002 15-65 0.7 0.6 12 to 19 1.1 GAP
St. Vincent
& 2002 15-65 0.7 0.6 12 to 19 1.1 GAP
Grenadines
Paraguay 2001 15-65 0.6 0.5 12 to 19 1.0 CICAD
Suriname 2002 15-65 0.5 0.4 12 to 19 0.7 UNODC
Belize 1998 15-65 0.6 0.4 12 to 19 0.7 UNODC
Note: bold indicates that data were adjusted for differences in age groups; italic indicates UNODC estimates, which were
also applied for subsequent calculation purposes to estimate the global extent of cocaine abuse.

Extrapolation to regional and global level

The next step, after having filled, as far as possible, the data gaps, was to calculate the average prevalence for
each sub-region. This is shown below in the example of opiate abuse in the Central and East European
countries. For this purpose country specific prevalence rates were applied to the population age 15-64, as
provided by the United Nations Population Division for the year 2002. The calculations showed an average
prevalence rate of 1.2% for the sub-region. For the remaining countries in each sub-region the average
prevalence rate was usually applied, unless some additional information suggested that the sub-regional average
would be too high or too low for the countries concerned. For instance, all available information (mostly
qualitative) suggests that opiate abuse is a problem in Serbia & Montenegro and in Bosnia Herzegovina and
that it is higher there than in several other European countries; but there are no indications that opiate abuse
would be substantially higher than in neighbouring countries. Using the sub-regional average would have
meant estimating abuse in these two countries as higher than in neighbouring countries. However, there are
also indications that due to the war-related isolation and lack of financial means of large sections of the
population, prevalence of opiate abuse (though growing) could be well lower than in the neighbouring
countries. Against this background, an alternative way of estimating the prevalence rate was used: the
prevalence rate was estimated by taking the average prevalence rate of other countries in the immediate
neighbourhood (Bulgaria, Croatia and Slovenia); in addition, the rates were adjusted downwards. A similar

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method was also applied to other regions whenever existing quantitative or qualitative information indicated
good reasons not to apply the sub-regional average. In general, all of these ‘adjustments’ affected the overall sub-
regional estimate only slightly. If the sub-regional average had been applied for the two countries, the overall
estimate for Central and Eastern Europe would have amounted to 2.8 million instead of 2.7 million people.

Following the detailed calculation of all of the sub-regional estimates as outlined above, the individual sub-
regional estimates (‘number of drug users’) were aggregated to form a regional estimate, and the regional
estimates were then aggregated to arrive at the global estimates.
Estimate of opiate abuse use in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe
Population age 15-64 Estimated number of opiate abusers Prevalence rate
in million in thousand in %
Belarus 6.83 6.2 0.09
Albania 2.05 10.3 0.50
Bulgaria 5.48 27.4 0.50
Croatia 2.97 20.8 0.70
Czech Republic 7.21 37.5 0.52
Estonia 0.90 10.9 1.20
Hungary 6.82 28.5 0.42
Latvia 1.58 27.1 1.72
Lithuania 2.30 12.7 0.55
TFYR Macedonia 1.38 5.5 0.40
Republic of Moldova 2.95 2.2 0.07
Poland 26.86 64.5 0.24
Romania 15.44 46.3 0.30
Russian Federation 101.36 2,128.6 2.10
Slovakia 3.78 11.4 0.30
Slovenia 1.40 7.7 0.55
Ukraine 33.68 269.4 0.80

Subtotal I 223.0 2,716.9 1.22

Countries for which no estimates exist:
Bosnia Herzegovina 2.96
Serbia & Montenegro 7.07
Subtotal II 10.0 46.9 0.44*

Central and Eastern Europe 233.0 2,763.8 1.19

* Average rate of Croatia, Bulgaria, Slovenia; adjusted (75%).

d. Concluding remarks
This process of estimation and the methods used for extrapolating the estimates are not free from risk. All of
the extrapolations can potentially lead to substantial over-estimation or an under-estimation. While this is
definitely true for individual countries, it can be expected that over-estimates and under-estimates partly offset
each other at the global level. Moreover, in order to reduce the risk of any systematic bias, estimations were
based, as far as possible, on the data from a series of neighbouring countries in the region. It is, however,
recognized that the currently provided estimations can change considerably once actual survey data becomes
available. This makes it difficult, if not impossible, to derive trends in drug consumption from these
consumption estimates. Indeed, as previous ‘guesstimates’ were replaced with ‘estimates’ derived from
household surveys (or from student surveys), some of the totals (notably for cannabis and, to a lesser extent for
amphetamines and cocaine) declined as compared to UNODC’s last estimate presented in the Global Illicit
Drug Trends 2003 publication, though other indicators suggested that drug abuse, notably for cannabis and, to
a lesser extent for amphetamines, continued to increase. UNODC’s methodology to arrive at global estimates
by extrapolating results from a sample of countries (for which data is available) to a sub-region, also meant that
such methodological changes had a significant impact on the final estimates.

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The global estimates presented in this report must therefore be treated with a high degree of caution. They
provide likely orders of magnitude, as opposed to precise statistics on the prevalence and evolution of global
drug abuse. Further changes can be still expected as countries provide more robust estimates based on rigorous
scientific methods. Nonetheless, in the absence of global studies on drug abuse, the estimations and the
estimation procedures provided in this report guarantee the best picture that is currently obtainable.

Trends in drug abuse

a. Overview
Ideally, global trends in drug abuse should be monitored by comparing estimates of drug abuse in one year with
those found in a subsequent year. In practice, however, this approach does not work – at least not for the time
being - as a number of changes in the global estimates are due to methodological improvements and not due to
underlying changes in drug abuse. Moreover, general population surveys are very expensive to conduct and only
a few countries have an ongoing monitoring system based on these instruments.

What many countries do collect, however, is routine data such as number of persons arrested for drug abuse,
urine testing of arrestees, number of persons undergoing drug treatment, or they monitor drug abuse based on
school surveys. In addition, drug experts dealing on a regular basis with drug issues – even without having
precise data at hand – often have a good feeling about whether abuse of certain drugs is increasing, stabilizing or
declining in their constituency.

This knowledge base is regularly tapped by UNODC. Member States usually pass the Annual Reports
Questionnaire to drug experts in the country (often in the ministry of health) who provide UNODC with their
perception, on a five-point scale, of whether there has been a ‘large increase’, ‘ some increase’, ‘ no great
change’, some decrease’ or a ‘large decrease’ in the abuse of the various drugs over the past year. The
perceptions may be influenced by a number of factors and partial information, including police reports on
seizures and arrests, reports from drug treatment centres, reports from social workers, press reports, personal
impressions, etc. Any of these influencing factors could contain a reporting bias which has the potential to skew
the data towards a misleading increase or decrease. Prioritization of the drug issue is another factor which
influences reporting. It can probably be assumed that the countries which reply regularly to the ARQ are those
which take the drug problem more seriously. In a number of cases this is a consequence of rising levels of drug
abuse and thus increased public awareness of the problem. All of this suggests that the sample of countries
replying to the ARQs may be slightly biased towards countries faced with a deteriorating drug problem. Results
must thus be treated with some caution and should not be over-interpreted.

Despite these caveats, trend data provide interesting insights into the growth patterns of individual drugs as well
as into regional and global growth patterns. They represent the most comprehensive data set of expert opinion
available on the development of the drug abuse problem at the global level, provided in a consistent manner
over more than a decade.

Number of countries & territories reporting drug abuse trends to UNODC

100 96 95
87
78
80 73
Number of countries

69 69 71
64 63
60 52

40

20

0
92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

00

01

02
19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

20

20

20

Source: UNODC, Annual Reports Questionnaire Data

422
 Methodology

Replies to the Annual Report Questionnaire (ARQ) on trends in drug abuse are more comprehensive than on
estimating the numbers of drug abusers. About 90% of all countries and territories which returned Part II of
the ARQ for the year 2002, in compliance with their obligations under the international drug control treaties
(n = 106), provided information on drug abuse trends (n = 95). (The ARQ was distributed to 194 countries
and territories; the overall response rate of the questionnaire for the year 2002 was thus 55%, in line with
j
annual response rates varying between 40 and 60% over the last five years) . The analysis on drug abuse trends
for the year 2002 was based on the replies of 95 countries and territories, about the same number as a year
earlier, up from 52 countries and territories a decade earlier. Overall 151 countries and territories reported drug
abuse trends to UNODC over the last decade. The distribution of countries reporting in 2002 was roughly the
same as a year earlier and provides a reasonably good coverage across all regions.

Regional distribution of reports received on drug abuse trends for the years 2001 and 2002

60
53 UN Member States
50
Number of countries

45 44

40 35
Countries/territories
30
27
29 reporting drug abuse
30
24 24 trends in 2001
20
18 17
20
14 Countries/territories
reporting drug abuse
10
trends in 2002
1 1
0
Africa Asia Europe Americas Oceania
Source: UNODC, Annual Reports Questionnaire Data.

b. Aggregating trend data

Various methods have been developed and have been used in this report for the trend aggregation.

The ‘traditional’ method consisted of simply counting the number of countries reporting increasing, stable and
declining levels of drug abuse. This is in line with business cycle trend analysis where enterprises are asked on a
routine basis about their perceptions of whether production is expected to increase, remain stable, or fall over
the new few months. Changes in the ‘net results’, i.e. number of respondents reporting increases less those
reporting declines, have proven to be a good and useful indicator for showing overall changes in the trend. For
the purpose of calculating this indicator, the categories ‘strong increase’ and ‘some increase’ were combined into
a new category ‘increase’. Similarly, the categories ‘strong decline’ and ‘some decline’ were combined into a new
category ‘decline’.

The advantage of using this method for describing drug trends at the global level is that a large number of
actors, independent of each other, express their views on the trend in their countries. Though some experts may
well report wrong trend data, it is unlikely that mistakes all go in the same direction. Thus, trend data for
2002, for instance, showed that there were more countries reporting increases in drug abuse than those
reporting declines. However, the rate of increase declined in 2002 as compared to 2001, including for opiates,
cocaine-type substances and ATS. The only exceptions to this ‘downward trend’ in ‘the rate of increase’ were
cannabis and benzodiazepines.

j
The response rate was 54 per cent (103 replies submitted) for the reporting year 2001, 41 per cent (80 replies submitted) for 2000, 49 per cent
(94 replies submitted) for 1999 and 58 per cent (112 replies submitted) for 1998.

423
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

Drug abuse trends in 2001 and 2002: Number of countries reporting increases less number of countries
reporting declines

50 46

40 38
36

30 Net results 2002 Net results 2001

30 28
25
22
21 21
19
20 17 17 16
18
15 14
14
12
10 8
6
4 5
3
5
4
2 3 2 2 1 1
3
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A variation of this method was used as well. Instead of showing the number of countries reporting increases less
those reporting declines, an alternative approach was to calculate the number of countries reporting increases
less those reporting stable or declining levels of abuse. The reasons for this was that authorities in a number of
countries are apparently reluctant to report declining levels of abuse and, in order to be ‘on the safe side’, prefer
to report a ‘stable’ trend instead. In the case of heroin, for instance, this approach shows a strong increase of
heroin abuse at the global level until the late 1990s and a stabilization/decline until 2002. Detailed data from a
number of countries with functioning monitoring systems in place have shown a similar trend pattern.

Heroin abuse trend: Number of countries reporting increases less number of countries reporting
stable/declining levels of abuse

20
(net-) number of countries

15

10

(5)

(10)

92 93 994 95 96 97 998 9 9 00 01 0 2
19 19 1 19 19 19 1 19 20 20 20

c. Weighted Analysis on Drug Abuse Trends (“Drug Abuse Trend Index”)

A new analytical tool, called the Weighted Analysis on Drug Abuse Trends (WADAT), referred to in this report as
Drug Abuse Trend Index, was designed by UNODC to allow for a better estimation of regional trends in drug
abuse, taking into consideration the different population size of the countries within the regions.

For this purpose, each degree of trend estimation was given a numerical value ranging from –2 to +2 (–2
representing a ‘large decrease’; –1, ‘some decrease’; 0, ‘no great change’; +1, ‘some increase’; and +2, ‘a large

424
 Methodology

increase’). Estimates for each drug type were then multiplied by the proportion of the population of the
country in relation to the total population of the region. The national estimates were added to represent annual
regional trend estimate for each drug type and a cumulative trend for each region was calculated.

Ideally, the weighting should be based on the size of the drug abusing population under consideration.
However, estimates are not available for all countries. This would have meant that trends reported for a number
of countries would have to be ignored. Thus the size of the population was chosen as a more objective measure
to calculate the relative importance of a trend reported by a country. Another question to solve was whether to
use the population of the countries reporting or the total population of a region. It was decided to use the latter
for this index. This allows, to some extent, better comparisons with other regions. There are, for instance, only
a few countries in Africa reporting trends in ecstasy consumption. These few countries report, however, an
increase. If the index were construed to take only the countries reporting into account, the result would have
been a massive increase of ecstasy use across Africa, which has not been the case in Africa. Using the total
population of Africa to calculate the countries’ proportions, the Drug Abuse Trend Index shows only some
minor increases of ecstasy use in Africa, which is more realistic.

The following table shows in some detail how the results in Africa were obtained for cannabis, the most widely
consumed illegal substance in the region. If one takes South Africa for example, one can see that the country
accounts for 6.2% of Africa’s total population (age 15-64). South Africa reported a stable trend of cannabis use
in 2001 and an increase in 2002; while cannabis herb was reported to have increased (1), cannabis resin was
reported to have remained stable (0) in 2002. In such cases, the average was calculated (0.5). Applying South
Africa’s proportion in Africa’s total population, the weighted trend for South Africa showed a value of 0.031. In
the same way, the weighted trend data for all of other African countries were calculated. The sum amounted to
+0.41, suggesting that there was a significant net increase in cannabis consumption in Africa in 2002. (If all
countries in Africa had reported an increase, the rise in the index would have amounted to 1). The cumulative
trend index, shown in this report, started with the year 1991 = 1. In 2001 it amounted to 3.39. For 2002 the
new figure (0.41) was added, resulting in a total figure of 3.80 for Africa as a whole. Compared to other regions
(and compared to other drugs) the increase of cannabis use in Africa was thus rather strong. The calculations
show clearly that Africa – based on expert opinion - experienced an ongoing increase of cannabis use over the
last decade.

Cannabis consumption trend in Africa: based on national experts' perceptions

4
drug abuse trend index

0
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

425
 World Drug Report 2004 Volume 2. Statistics

Cannabis consumption trend Index for Africa

Population Proportion Trends reported Weighted trends

age 15-64 in total African
in thousand population 2001 2002 2001 2002

Benin 3393.7 0.75% 1.0 0.0075

Burkina Faso 6115.6 1.35% 1.5 0.0202

Burundi 3318.6 0.73% 0.0 0.0000

Cameroon 8478.5 1.87% 1.0 1.0 0.0187 0.0187

Comoros 410.9 0.09% -1.0 -0.0009

Côte d'Ivoire 9005.4 1.99% 2.0 0.0397

Egypt 42470.9 9.37%

Ethiopia 35457.9 7.82% 1.0 1.0 0.0782 0.0782

Gambia 771.7 0.17% 1.5 0.0026

Ghana 11576.5 2.55% 1.0 1.0 0.0255 0.0255

Kenya 17359.1 3.83% 0.5 0.0191

Madagascar 8858.9 1.95% 1.0 0.0 0.0195 0.0000

Malawi 5974.3 1.32% 2.0 0.0264

Mauritius 828.5 0.18% 0.5 0.5 0.0009 0.0009

Morocco 19195.2 4.23% 2.0 0.0847

Namibia 1040.9 0.23% 1.0 1.0 0.0023 0.0023

Rwanda 4322.8 0.95% 0.0 0.0000

Sao Tome and Principe 85.6 0.02% -1.0 -0.0002

Seychelles 41.8 0.01% 1.0 1.0 0.0001 0.0001

Somalia 4709.4 1.04% 2.0 0.0208

South Africa 28140.0 6.21% 0 0.5 0.0000 0.0310

Togo 2542.1 0.56% 2 1 0.0112 0.0056

Tunisia 6383.5 1.41% 0 -1 0.0000 -0.0141

Uganda 11841.6 2.61% 1.5 0.0392

United Republic
18983.3 4.19% 1 0.0419
of Tanzania
Zambia 5400.8 1.19% 1 0.0119

Zimbabwe 6858.1 1.51% 1 1 0.0151 0.0151

Total population in Africa 453281.452 100.0%

Sum 0.2400 0.4080

Index
Years 1991 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Yearly results 0.19 0.26 0.30 0.24 0.41

Cumulative trend index 1.0 .. 2.60 2.86 3.15 3.39 3.80

426
 Methodology

One advantage of such an analysis is that it takes the size of countries into account. In other words, the index
gives more weight to the results reported from larger countries which – in absolute terms – are likely to have a
higher addict population than smaller countries. This is in line with the observation that the overall impact of a
rise of drug abuse in a larger country tends to have a far greater impact on global drug abuse than the rise in a
smaller country. Another advantage is that the index takes into account the degree of change in drug abuse
levels, thus making better use of all available information.
The Drug Abuse Trend Index is likely to show good results whenever levels of drug abuse are similar which is,
in general, the case at the regional level. (Cocaine abuse is high in countries in the Americas; opiate abuse is
high in countries in Asia, ecstasy use is high in countries of Western Europe etc.). It can, however, create
problems if the index is used at the global level, without any further adjustments, in cases the distribution of
drug abuse is very skewed. Calculating a Drug Abuse Trend Index for cocaine at the global level for instance,
shows a distorted pattern as India, the world’s second largest country in terms of population, recently started to
report increases in cocaine use. Cocaine abuse, though rising in India, is still at very low levels in the country.
But the weight of this country in terms of population meant that the index would show a sharp rise - which was
not in line with actual cocaine consumption trends at the global level. Against this background, it was decided
not to use the index, as it is, for the global analysis of trends for the cocaine market or the opiate market. In
contrast, for cannabis or ATS which are found in all continents, the Drug Abuse Trend Index data were
calculated and presented in this report.

There are also other limitations that need to be taken into account when interpreting the results. The
information provided remains – in most cases – an expert opinion and is not necessarily based on hard scientific
evidence. A mistake made by one expert in a country with a large population can seriously distort the global
trend estimates. Moreover, it cannot be assumed that the difference between various degrees of drug abuse
trends (for example, between “some decrease” and “large decrease”) are interpreted in the same way in different
countries (a large increase in a country with low prevalence may not have the same impact on regional trends as
some increase in a country with high prevalence) or even in the same country in different reporting years, as the
ARQs are often filled in by different persons. Reporting trends in the abuse of a drug type, such as cannabis,
may be biased by differing trends in the abuse of substances in the same drug category (for example, the trend
in the use of cannabis herb may be increasing while the trend in the use of cannabis resin is decreasing). For the
purposes of this report each individual drug category was taken and an unweighted average was calculated. Of
course, this is not without problems. In the example of South Africa, as shown above, it is known that cannabis
resin does not play a role while cannabis herb is of major importance. The use of a simple average thus under-
estimates the actual increase of cannabis in this country. While for some countries, the detailed profile of
substance abuse is well known, this would not be the case for others. Thus the general rule of averaging all
drugs within one category was applied, though it is not without problems.

It should be also be noted that the Drug Abuse Trend Index is limited in that it only provides general directions
with regard to the main drug types reported by Member States, inevitably leading to very broad generalization.
Thus, there is, in addition, a need for more drug-specific trend analysis to support its conclusions.

Irrespective of these caveats, the overall results derived from the Drug Abuse Trend Index were found to be
basically in line with other indicators at the regional level – wherever comparisons could be made - thus
suggesting that the Index is a valuable tool for the analysis of drug abuse trends at the regional level, and, for
cannabis and ATS, at the global level as well.

427
Printed in Austria Complete set: United Nations publication
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An estimated 3 % of the global population, or 185 million people

consume illicit drugs annually. Among this population are people
from almost every country on earth and from every walk of life.
Countless more people, around the world, are involved in the
production and trafficking of illicit drugs, and still more are
touched by the devastating social and economic costs of this
trade. These people live in both developed and developing
countries, are rich and poor, healthy and unhealthy, citizens and
refugees. Illicit drugs are a truly global phenomenon. Partially a
consequence of this pervasiveness, and partially a consequence
of the illicit and hidden nature of this trade, reliable analysis and
statistics on the production, trafficking and consumption of illicit
drugs are rare.

In cooperation with Member States, the United Nations Office on

Drugs and Crime (UNODC) has endeavoured to fill the gaps.
In this first edition of the new two volume World Drug Report,
UNODC presents more quantitative data than ever before in an
effort to increase the amount of factual evidence available in
a field which is so notoriously difficult to quantify. This year,
the analysis of trends, some going back ten years or more,
is presented in Volume 1. Detailed statistics are presented in
Volume 2. Taken together these volumes will provide the most
complete picture yet on today's illicit drug situation.