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Displacement reactions involve a more reactive element displacing a less reactive element from its compound, following the general form A + BC → AC + B. The reactivity series ranks metals by their reactivity, with more reactive metals capable of displacing less reactive ones and hydrogen from acids. These reactions have practical applications in metal extraction, electrochemical cells, corrosion prevention, and industrial chemical production.

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2 views4 pages

Untitled Document

Displacement reactions involve a more reactive element displacing a less reactive element from its compound, following the general form A + BC → AC + B. The reactivity series ranks metals by their reactivity, with more reactive metals capable of displacing less reactive ones and hydrogen from acids. These reactions have practical applications in metal extraction, electrochemical cells, corrosion prevention, and industrial chemical production.

Uploaded by

eshaalwajahat0
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1️⃣ Displacement Reactions (Definition)

A displacement reaction is a chemical reaction in which a more reactive element displaces


a less reactive element from its compound.

🔹 General Form:
A + BC → AC + B

Where:

●​ A = more reactive element​

●​ B = less reactive element​

●​ C = usually a non-metal (like oxygen, chlorine, etc.)​

2️⃣ Reactivity Series of Metals


The reactivity series is a list of metals arranged in order of decreasing reactivity:

K > Na > Ca > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Pb > (H) > Cu > Hg > Ag > Au

👉 Metals at the top are:


●​ More reactive​

●​ Lose electrons easily​

●​ Displace metals below them​

👉 Metals above hydrogen can displace hydrogen from acids.

3️⃣ Displacement of Hydrogen by Magnesium


Magnesium is above hydrogen in the reactivity series, so it can displace hydrogen from acids.
Example Reaction:

Magnesium + Hydrochloric Acid → Magnesium Chloride + Hydrogen

Mg+2HCl→MgCl2+H2Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂Mg+2HCl→MgCl2​+H2​

What Happens:

●​ Magnesium reacts with acid​

●​ Hydrogen gas is released (bubbles seen)​

●​ A salt (magnesium chloride) is formed​

4️⃣ Reactions of Metals with Acids


When metals react with dilute acids:

Metal + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen Gas

Examples:

1.​ Zinc + Hydrochloric Acid​

Zn+2HCl→ZnCl2+H2Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂Zn+2HCl→ZnCl2​+H2​

2.​ Iron + Sulfuric Acid​

Fe+H2SO4→FeSO4+H2Fe + H₂SO₄ → FeSO₄ + H₂Fe+H2​SO4​→FeSO4​+H2​

⚠ Metals below hydrogen (like copper and silver) do NOT react with dilute acids.

5️⃣ Displacement of Metals (Metal–Metal Displacement)


A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution.

Example 1:
Magnesium + Copper Sulfate

Mg+CuSO4→MgSO4+CuMg + CuSO₄ → MgSO₄ + CuMg+CuSO4​→MgSO4​+Cu

Magnesium displaces copper.

Example 2:

Zinc + Iron Sulfate

Zn+FeSO4→ZnSO4+FeZn + FeSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + FeZn+FeSO4​→ZnSO4​+Fe

Zinc displaces iron.

6️⃣ Wide Uses of Displacement Reactions


Displacement reactions are widely used in:

🔹 1. Extraction of Metals
More reactive metals are used to extract less reactive metals.

Example:

●​ In the Thermite Reaction​


Fe2O3+2Al→Al2O3+2FeFe₂O₃ + 2Al → Al₂O₃ + 2FeFe2​O3​+2Al→Al2​O3​+2Fe​
Used in welding railway tracks.​

🔹 2. Electrochemical Cells (Batteries)


Used in batteries where more reactive metals displace less reactive metals to produce
electricity.

Example:

●​ Daniell Cell uses zinc and copper.​


🔹 3. Prevention of Corrosion
Sacrificial metals (like zinc) protect iron from rusting.

Example:

●​ Galvanization (coating iron with zinc)​

🔹 4. Industrial Chemical Production


Used to produce pure metals and useful salts.

7️⃣ Key Points to Remember


✔ Only more reactive metals can displace less reactive metals.​
✔ Metals above hydrogen displace hydrogen from acids.​
✔ Reactivity depends on the ability to lose electrons.​
✔ Displacement reactions are usually redox reactions.

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