NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY, AWKA, ANAMBRA
STATE
NAME: JONATHAN PEACE CHINECHEREM
REGISTRATION NUMBER: 2025606042FN
PROGRAM: MSc.
DEPARTMENT: SCIENCE EDUCATION (CHEMISTRY)
COURSE CODE: EDU 812
COURSE TITLE: METHODS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION
ASSIGNMENT:
1. MODIFIED LECTURE METHOD: Meaning, Advantages and
Disadvantages
2. Write a lesson plan on chemistry using the modified lecture
method of teaching
LECTURER: DR. OBIALOR CHRIS
1. MODIFIED LECTURE METHOD
Modified lecture is also called Interactive lecture. This is a method of
teaching where the instructor uses oral presentation but breaks the lecture at one
point to have students actively participate in an activity of teaching and learning.
Modified lecture is different from the traditional lecture method in that it involves
participants in discussion as much as possible. It is a combination of lecture,
discussion and questioning. It is the modified version of the traditional lecture
method and developed by retaining the merits and deleting the demerits of the
lecture, discussion and questioning.
Sandra De Young has explained the interactive lecture in the following way.
"The techniques of lecture, discussion and questioning can be effectively blended
together into an interactive lecture, utilizing the advantages of all the methods and
reducing their disadvantages."
Class time can be logically and efficiently divided into sections for lecture,
informal discussion, questioning, more lecture and so on. In this way, subject
matter is presented for discussion, problem solving can take place and questions
can stimulate student thinking and clarify difficult points. Students become
periodically active in the class, which eliminates some of the objections to pure
lecturing.
Changing tactics every 15 to 20 minutes may also help recapture students'
attention at points when it naturally seem to wander. The class becomes more
interesting and to be hoped, more memorable.
When it is Applicable
Modified lecture is applied in similar situations as the traditional lecture method
but it enhances:
Active engagement of learners and avoids one-way communications.
Critical thinking.
Assessment of how well students are learning.
Advantages of modified lecture method
1. It allows active engagement of learners.
2. It brings flexibility in learning like a teacher can switch to previous content
in an explanation.
3. It improves the student attention span.
4. The lecturers can inspire the audience with enthusiasm
Disadvantages of Modified Lecture Method
It causes continued reliance on passive, teacher-centered learning.
There is difficulty in catering to diverse learning styles.
There is limited, real-time assessment of student understanding.
It often fails to foster deep critical thinking, risks cognitive overload.
It requires high instructor skill to maintain attention.
Subject: Chemistry
Class: SS 1
Age: 14 – 15 years
Date: 29/01/2026
Content: Acids
Duration: 40 minutes
Specific Objectives: By the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:
Cognitive Domain: 1. Define an acid.
2. List two physical properties of acids.
3. Explain at least one preparation of acids.
Affective Domain: 4. Demonstrate a consistent habit of checking labels for
acidic ingredients.
Psychomotor Domain: 5. Identify an acid from given samples.
Entry Behaviour: The teacher shows the student a lemon and asks whether they
have ever tasted lemon or lime. She then asks them the taste of lemons and limes.
Set Induction: The teacher gives two students a blue and red litmus paper
respectively, she asks them to dip each paper into a cut lemon and observe the
colour change. She then tells the students that any substance that changes blue
litmus paper to red contains acid(s).
Instructional Materials: Chalk, chalkboard, dilute hydrochloric acid, water, the
label of a carbonated drink, red and blue litmus paper.
Instructional Procedure
Teacher’s Learners’ Instructional
Steps Content Development
Activities Activities Strategy
1. An acid is a substance which, when The teacher The students Planned
Introduction dissolved in water produces defines an listen, write repetition.
hydrogen ions, H+ as the only acid, writes it down notes
positive ion. on the board and make
HCl H+ + Cl- and asked the repetition.
This process is known as ionization. students to
repeat the
Modern Definition of an Acid definition
The existence of hydronium three times.
(oxonium) ion, H3O+, modifies the She tells
earlier definition of an acid. Thus, an those in the
acid is also defined as a substance third row to
which in aqueous solution produces repeat the
hydronium (oxonium) ion, H3O+, as definition
the only positive ions. and those in
HCl(g) + H2O(l) H3O+ + Cl- the front row
too before
the whole
class repeats
the definition
again.
Acids are classified into: The teacher The students Use of
1. Organic acids – occur as lists the two listen, jot examples.
natural products in plants and types of acid. down notes
animal materials. Examples; She then ask and clap for
ethanoic acid from vinegar, the students the student
tartaric acid from grapes, to suggest that answers Reinforcemen
lactic acid from milk, citric the meaning the question t.
acid from lime and lemon, of organic correctly.
ascorbic acid from oranges, acids from
2. etc. the word
Types of 2. Inorganic acids – prepared organic. She
Acids from inorganic matter. asks the
Example; hydrochloric acid, students to
HCl, trioxonitrate (v) acid, clap for
HNO3, etc. anyone that
gets it right.
She then
explains the
two
classification
s of acids.
3. Physical Properties of Acids The teacher The students Questioning
Physical and 1. Dilute acids have sour taste. lists the listen, write and
Chemical 2. Acids turn blue litmus paper physical down notes discussion.
Properties red. properties of and observe
of Acids 3. The concentrated form of acids. She their fellow
strong acids are corrosive. relates the students.
Chemical Properties of Acids sour taste to
1. Reaction with metals: Metals the lemon
which are more and lime
electropositive than taste. She
hydrogen, react with dilute then asks a
acids (except HNO3) to student to
liberate hydrogen. test use a
zZn(s) + HCl(aq) ZnCl(aq) + H2(g) blue litmus
2. Reaction with Bases and to test the
Alkalis: Acids react with sample of
insoluble bases and alkalis to HCl and
form salts and water only. water
The reaction is known as respectively
neutralization reaction. and show the
3. Reaction with class. She
trioxocarbonates (iv): Acids asks the
react with trioxocarbonate student to
(iv) to liberate carbon (iv) indicate the
oxide. acid in the
H2SO4 + K2CO3 K2SO4 + H2O + tested
CO2 samples. She
also explains
the chemical
properties of
acids.
1. By direct combination of The teacher The students Stimulus
constituent elements: explains listen and variation.
Hydrogen gas combines with different write down
chlorine and bromine under methods of notes.
certain conditions to give preparing
hydrochloric acid and hydro- acids. She
bromic acid respectively. asks the
H2 + Cl2 2HCl students to
4. H2 + Br2 2HBr name the
Preparation 2. By the reaction between and acids formed
of Acids acid and hydride and water: in the
Acid anhydrides such as number 2
CO2, SO3, etc. dissolves in reactions.
water to give their The teacher
corresponding acids. walks about
CO2 + H2O H2CO3 to check
SO3 + H2O – H2SO4 whether the
students are
following.
1. Acids are used in the The teacher The students Repetition.
manufacture of fertilizers, lists the uses listen, write
dyes, detergents, soaps, of acids, she down notes
drugs and other chemicals. writes it on and read out
5. 2. They are used in dissolving the board and the uses of
Uses of metals or to remove rust. asks the acids.
Acids 3. They are used in oil students to
refineries. read them
4. They are used as a drying, out loudly.
dehydrating and oxidizing
agent.
Evaluation: The teacher evaluates the students thus:
1. Define an acid.
2. List two physical properties of acids.
3. Explain at least one preparation of acids.
4. Checking the labels for acidic ingredients.
5. Identify an acid from given samples.
Summary: The teacher summarizes the lesson by defining acids, differentiating
between the two types of acid and stating the uses of acids. She also encouraged
the students to read harder.
ASSIGNMENT
1. Explain one other method of preparing acids.
2. State two other uses of acids.
Charles [Link], (2018). The Modified Lecture Method: A Useful Strategy for the
Teacher. A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, volume 43, 1968 –
issue 3.
Raj, E. B. (2018). Nursing Education, first edition. Jaypee publication.
Sodhi, J. K. (2022). Comprehensive Textbook of Nursing Education, second
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