Communication Feedback
- process of transmitting information and - pertains to the verbal or nonverbal
common understanding from one person responses to the sender’s encoded
to another signals
- interdependent process of sending, - It gives information on how the message
receiving, and understanding messages is interpreted.
- pertains to the exchange of information
between two or more people Interferance/noise
- it happens when one encounters or - relates to the factors that hinder the
observes a behavior (verbal or recipient’s ability to send or receive
nonverbal) and gives meaning to it—a messages
meaning ideally similar to what is - Serving as a barrier to communication, it
intended. can be external (physical environment,
e.g., a loud party) or internal
Sender (psychological/mental interference, e.g.,
- encoder or the source of the message biases and wandering thoughts;
- can be a person, a group of people, or physiological, e.g., articulation problem;
an organization with their own distinct semantic, e.g., jargon and abstract ideas)
characteristics in terms of age, race,
gender, values, experiences, and other Context
traits - the situation and environment in which
the communication occurs
Message - Its dimensions are physical (place, e.g.,
- refers to the ideas and feelings encoded classroom), social (pertaining to the
- may be in verbal form (words) or occasion and the people involved, e.g.,
nonverbal symbols students in a class), and cultural
- (paralanguage, including pitch, tone, and (attitudes, beliefs, and the practices of
volume; body language, including the senders and receivers).
gestures and facial expressions, posture,
and eye movement; physical distance to
the receiver, and appearance/clothing)
Receiver
- decoder or the recipient of the message
who, likewise, has his or her own
attributes
Channel/Medium
- a vehicle used in message conveyance
- It is based on the form of delivery
(verbal or nonverbal) and the means
used in delivering (face-to-face or
technology-mediated)
Verbal communication FUNCTION OF NONVERBAL
- is the use of sounds and words to impart COMMUNICATION
one’s thoughts or feelings. Though the 1. To replace (replacement)- Actions can
concept encompasses both vocal replace or substitute speech
(spoken words) and nonvocal (e.g., 2. To repeat (repetition)- duplicate and
writing, sign language), the focus is on reinforce one’s message
the former 3. To complement- enhances and adds
nuance to the meaning of a verbal
FUNCTIONS OF ORAL COMMUNICATION message
4. To accent- emphasize certain parts of
1. Regulation (control)- used to control the verbal intent or the utterance
one’s or other people’s behavior or 5. To regulate- used to control the flow of
activities conversations
2. Social intercation- to create relationship, 6. To contradict- occurs when verbal and
form association, develop intimacy, and nonverbal messages contradict each
maintain bonds and connection with other
other people 7. To deceive- utilized to mislead the
3. Motivation- expressing one’s deires, listener
goals inclinations, choices, preferences,
ikes and dislikes, needs and wants. “ when words and body language contradict,
4. Informatio- dissementing information one is inclined to believe the latter ” - Albert
whether by asking or giving direnctions, Mehrabian
instruction or ideas
5. Emotional espression- One CLASSIFICATION OF NON-VERBAL
communicates orally to show one’s 1. proxemics (space)
feelings and emotions 2. chronemics (time)
3. oculesics (eye movement)
Nonverbal communication 4. haptics (touch)
- is the conveyance of meaning by means 5. kinesics (body movements, gestures,
of body language (e.g., gestures, facial facial expressions)
expression, eye contact, posture) or 6. objectics (clothing, ornaments, jewelry,
paralanguage (e.g., pitch, volume, other artifacts)
speaking rate) instead of spoken or 7. vocalics (voice)
written words. 8. olfactorics (smell)
9. colorics (colors)
10. pictics (pictures)
11. iconics (signs/symbols)
Mediated Communication DEVELOPMENTS THAT USHERED
- an interaction carried out by using INTERCONNECTEDNESS AMONG
information communication technology, COUNTRIES
such as mobile phones, computers, and 1. Globalization
the Internet. This means of 2. Digital technology
sending/receiving messages can be
synchronous or asynchronous
NECESSARY KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
● Ethics- a set of principles or rules for TO BE ABLE TO EMBRACE CULTURAL
correct conduct as to what is right or DIVERSITY
wrong and what makes something right 1. Cultural-difference awarness
or wrong 2. Effective communication
● Ethical communication- follows certain
established principles of conduct
Intercultural Communication
PRINCIPLES OF ETHICAL
- the process of interpreting and sharing
COMMUNICATION
meanings with individuals from
1. Strive to understand and respect others’
different cultures
communications before evaluating and
- gives emphasis on the social attributes,
responding to their messages.
thought patterns, and cultures of
2. Help promote communication climates
different groups of people.
of caring and mutual understanding that
protect the unique needs and
characteristics of individual FORMS OF INTERCULTURAL
communicators. COMMUNICATION
3. Condemn communication that degrades
1. Intracultural communication- Interaction
individuals and humanity through
among members of the same racial,
distortions, intolerance, intimidation,
ethnic, or other co-culture groups
coercion, hatred, or violence.
2. Interracial Communication-
4. Commit yourself to the courageous
Communication with/among individuals
expression of your personal convictions
of different races
in pursuit of fairness and justice.
3. International Communication-
5. Accept responsibility for the short-term
interaction between persons representing
and long-term consequences of your
different nations
own communication and expect the
4. Interethnic communication-
same from others.
communication with/among individuals
6. Avoid plagiarism—the presentation of
of different ethnic origins
the work of another person in such a
way as to give the impression that the
other’s work is your own. ● Culture- the system of knowledge,
7. Promote honesty, truthfulness, and beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and
accuracy as essentials to the integrity of artifacts that are acquired, shared, and
communication. used by its members during their daily
living.
Co-cultures
- composed of members of the same
general culture who differ in certain
ethnic or sociological ways from the
parent culture.
- It is a group that shares values, norms,
etc. but is not defined by the place one
lives, grows up, or one’s nationality.
STRATEGIES IN INTERACTING WITH
DOMINANT CULTURE
1. Accommodation- they may take on
values and beliefs of the host culture and
accommodate them in the public sphere
while maintaining the parent culture in
the private sphere
2. Assimilation- they give up their own
ways in an effort to assume the modes of
behavior of the dominant culture
3. Separation- members resist interacting
with members of the dominant culture
● Cultural relativism- the acceptance of
other cultural groups as equal in value as
that of their own
● Ethnocentrisim- the tendency to see
their culture and its practices as superior
compared to others
● biases - preconceived opinions not based SOCIAL DIFFERENCE
on reason or experience 1. Concept of Time
2. Future Orientation (preference towards
● Stereotypes- the fixed images/ideas, past, present, or future)
labels when they communicate with 3. Manners
individuals having different cultures and 4. Roles and status
bear in mind that their culture is not 5. Attitude towards work
superior than that of others 6. Opennes and inclusiveness
● Intercultural competence- ability to REGISTERS/LEVEL OF FORMALITY
communicate and behave in appropriate 1. Frozen or static- language does not
ways with those who are culturally change
different—and to co-create shared 2. Formal- language follows an accepted &
spaces, teams, and organizations that are prescribed format
inclusive, effective, innovative, and 3. Consultative- language is less formal
satisfying. and the context involves one with
specialized knowledge or an expert who
is consulted or can give advice
4. Casual- language is conversational
5. Intimate- language is for private
communication used between lovers or
very close family and friends
LANGUAGE VARIETY
1. Vocubulary
2. Spelling
Cultural Diversity
- the existence of a variety of cultural
groups within a society
- ranges from ethnicity, race, religion,
language, values, traditions, beliefs,
behaviors, rules of conduct, and others.
“Culturally diverse” is often used
interchangeably with the concept of
“multiculturalism”
Contextual Difference
- usually evident in the way business
people approach decision-making,
problem-solving, negotiations,
interactions within an organization, and
socializing outside the workplace