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Tutorial 10

The document provides instructions on using the apt-get command for installing, upgrading, and removing software packages on a Linux system. It covers commands for updating package lists, upgrading installed packages, and handling package dependencies. Additionally, it discusses the process for auto-removing unused packages and performing distribution upgrades.

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zetianrio
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
3 views3 pages

Tutorial 10

The document provides instructions on using the apt-get command for installing, upgrading, and removing software packages on a Linux system. It covers commands for updating package lists, upgrading installed packages, and handling package dependencies. Additionally, it discusses the process for auto-removing unused packages and performing distribution upgrades.

Uploaded by

zetianrio
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ckwpfcgawmh apt-get command udktoHk;jyKjyD; package awGudk install

vkyfMunfh&atmif/ toHk;jyK&r,fh command u apt-get install pkg-name


jzpfygw,f/ 'gqdk&if Photoshop vdk "mwfyHkjyifwJh free software wpfckudk install
vkyfMunfh&atmif/ olY&JU pkg-name u gimp jzpfwmaMumifh gimp udk install &r,fh
command onf apt-get install gimp jzpfygw,f/ xdkYtwlygyJ/ Virtual Box udk
install vdkygu apt-get install virtualbox vdkY &dkufxnfh&rSmjzpfygw,f/

Update
apt-get onf app & dependency awGudk install ay;Edkif&Hkomru install
xm;wJh package awGtwGuf update &&SdEdkifrI tajctaeudkyg azmfjyay;Edkifovdk
update vnf; jyKvkyfay;Edkifygao;w,f/ sources list xnfhoGif;jyD;onfhtcg jzpfap?
source wpfckck ajymif;vJonfhtcgjzpfap? jznfhoGif;vdkufwJh source topfudk
uRefawmfwdkY&JU pepfeJY csdwfqufEdkifzdkYtwGuf apt-get update command udk
toHk;jyK&ygw,f/ xdkYtwlygyJ/ uRefawmfwdkY&JU pepfxJrSm&SdwJh package awGtwGuf
upgrade &&SdEdkifrItwGufvnf; apt-get update eJY ppfaq;Edkifygao;w,f/
(rSwfcsuf/ / apt-get tpm; apt udkyJ toHk;jyKEdkifygw,f/Oyrm apt update,
apt install gimp, ...)

Upgrade
rnfonfh pepfrQ tNrJwrf; jyD;jynfhpHkraeyg/ t"du Operating System
udk wdk;wufatmif jyKvkyfwm? oHk;&ydkrdkvG,fulatmif zefwD;wm?
wdk;wufaumif;rGefatmifvkyfwm? patch management awG? new feature awG
xnfhoGif;wm? bugs awGudk rSefaumifatmif jyKjyifwm pwmawGtwGuf tpOftjrJ
development state rSm &Sdaeygw,f/
uRefawmfwdkY&JU Kali Linux rSm xnfhoGif;toHk;jyKxm;wJh package
awGtwGuf new version awG&&SdwJhtcg upgrade jyKvkyfEdkifr,fh command
udkvnf; apt-get (or) apt eJY toHk;jyK&ygw,f/ upgrade jyKvkyfp&m&SdaewJhtcg
(qdkvdkwmu application wpfck Am;&Sif;topf xGufwJhtcg) apt-get update (or)
apt update vkyfMunfh&if 'Dvdk ay:ygr,f/
txufyg yHkxJutwdkif; twdtusawmh ay:rSmr[kwfyg/ rdrdwdkY pwif
toHk;jyKwJhtcsdefeJY package awG uGmjcm;Edkifygw,f/ ck yHkrSmMunfh&if 399 packages
can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them. qdkjyD; awGY&ygvdrfhr,f/
upgrade jyKvkyfEdkifwJh package aygif; 399 ck &Sdw,fqdkwJhtaMumif;
azmfjyxm;ovdk apt list --upgradable udk toHk;jyKjyD; upgrade jyKvkyfEdkifr,fh list udk
MunfhEdkifwJhtaMumif; azmfjyay;xm;wmyg/

txufygyHkuawmh upgradable awGudk azmfMunfhwJhtcg jrif&r,fhyHkjzpfjyD;


tenf;i,fudkom ,lxnfhxm;ygw,f/ yHkrSmMunfh&if a&SUqHk;rSm package name udk
azmfjyxm;wmudk awGYjrif&rSmyg/ rdrdwdkY uGefysLwmrSm vkdufvkyfMunfhr,fqdk&ifawmh
tpdrf;a&mifeJY azmfjyxm;ygvdrfhr,f/ 'gu package name jzpfjyD; ^ aemufuawmh
olYtwGuf tenf;i,f azmfjycsuf jzpfygw,f/ b,f version uae b,f version
xd jrSifhr,fqdkwmudkyg azmfjyay;xm;wmudk awGYEdkifygw,f/
txufyg yHkrSm Munfhr,fqdk&if yersinia, zsh, zsh-common qdkwJh
package awG upgrade &edkifr,fhxJrSm ygaewmudk awGY&rSmyg/ rdrdwdkY vdktyfwJh
package udkom a&G;cs,f upgrade vdkygu apt install udk toHk;jyKEdkifygw,f/ Oyrm
- zsh udk upgrade jyKvkyfvdkygu apt install zsh aygh/

apt-get install (or) apt install command udk toHk;jyKwJhtcg tcsdKUaom


package awGrSm install vkyf rvkyf twnfjyK&ygw,f/ tcsdKUtwGufawmh
rvdktyfygbl;/ Do you want to continue? [Y/n] qdkjyD; ar;avh&Sdygw,f/ y udk
tBuD;jzpfap tao;jzpfap &dkufxnfhjyD; enter Edkifygw,f/ Y/n rSm Y udk
tBuD;pmvHk;eJY azmfjyxm;wmu default u Y vdkY qdkvdkwmyg/ N udk tBuD;eJY
azmfjyxm;&ifawmh Default u N vdkY od&ygr,f/ ckyHkt&awmh install vkyfrSmrdkY Y
udk ajz&ygr,f/ xdkodkY Y/n ar;aomtqifhudk ausmfvdkygu toHk;jyKr,fh command
&JU aemufrSm -y vdkY xnfhay;vdkuf&HkygyJ/ Oyrm gimp udk Y/n rajz&bJ install
vdkygu apt install gimp -y (odkYr[kwf) apt-get install gimp -y qdkjyD; command
&dkuf&rSm jzpfygw,f/ install progress 100% jynfhjyD; command line
aemufwpfaMumif; ay:ygu install jyD;qHk;jyDjzpfygw,f/

a&SUrSm aqG;aEG;cJhwJh upgrade &&SdEdkifwJh package awGtm;vHk;udk upgrade


vkyfvdkygu txufyg yHkxJutwdkif; apt upgrade -y udk toHk;jyKEdkifygw,f/ -y
uawmh Y/n ar;&if y ajzr,fqdkwm BudKwifajymjcif;jzpfaMumif; xyf&Sif;jyp&m
rvdkawmhbl;xifygw,faemf/

Distribution Upgrade
'Dtydkif;uawmh apt upgrade wdkYvdk rMumcP &&SdEdkifwmawmh
r[kwfygbl;/ Kernel Version jrifhoGm;wmrsdK;? 'grSr[kwf system version topf
xyf&wmrsdK; (Oyrm- Android Version 5 uae 6, 7 xd jrSifhEdkifwmrsdK;) awGtwGuf
rSom vkyfaqmiftoHk;jyKEdkifrSmjzpfygw,f/ Oyrm - uRefawmfwdkYu Kali Linux
2016.2 udk Install jyKvkyfxm;w,f/ ck ('Dpma&;aewJhcsdefrSm) Kali Linux Version
u 2017.1 xd a&muf&SdoGm;ygjyD/ 'Dawmh uRefawmfwdkYtaeeJY topfjyefwif
&rSmvm;/ rvdkygbl;/ tJonf tajctaetwGuf uRefawmfwdkY toHk;jyKEdkifr,fh
command av;wpfck &Sdygw,f/ tJ'guawmh apt dist-upgrade (or) apt-get
dist-upgrade yJ jzpfygw,f/
ajymzdkY arhoGm;w,fAsm/ apt command (apt update, apt upgrade, apt
install, apt dist upgrade) awGudk toHk;jyKr,fqdk&if tifwmeufawmh
vdktyfygw,f/ tifwmeufvdkif; csdwfqufxm;rSom vkyfaqmifvdkY &ygr,fAs/

Removing Packages
install taMumif; odjyDqdkawmh uninstall udk qufaqG;aEG;ygr,f/ install
& remove yJ uGmjyD; vkyfaqmif&wmawmh wlnDygw,f/ Oyrm - gimp udk
jyefjzKwfcsif&if apt remove gimp (or) apt-get remove gimp qdkjyD;
toHk;jyKEdkifygw,f/ yHkeJYawmh vkyfrjyawmhbl;aemf/

Auto-removing
uRefawmfwdkY&JU Operating System xJu package (application) awGudk
upgrade jyKvkyfvdkufwJhtcg xdk package awG&JU old version awG[m rvdktyfbJ
usef&Sdaeygawmhw,f/ 'gawGudk z,f&Sm;ay;zdkY vdktyfygw,f/ upgrade (or)
dist-upgrade jyKvkyfjyD;wdkif; vkyfoifhw,f qdkygawmh/ ay;&r,fh command u

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