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Tutorial Sheet 2 - MAL101

This document is a tutorial sheet for Mathematics-II (MAL 101) at the Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai. It includes various problems related to vector spaces, subspaces, linear combinations, and continuous functions. The problems require justification and proofs to determine properties of mathematical structures.

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5 views1 page

Tutorial Sheet 2 - MAL101

This document is a tutorial sheet for Mathematics-II (MAL 101) at the Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai. It includes various problems related to vector spaces, subspaces, linear combinations, and continuous functions. The problems require justification and proofs to determine properties of mathematical structures.

Uploaded by

drstrangesupreme23
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Department of Mathematics

Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai


Mathematics-II (MAL 101)

Tutorial Sheet 2 Semester-II

1. Let 𝑉 be the set of pairs (𝑥, 𝑦) of real numbers and F be the field of real numbers. Define

(𝑥, 𝑦) + (𝑥 1 , 𝑦 1 ) = (𝑥 + 𝑥 1 , 0)
𝑐(𝑥, 𝑦) = (𝑐𝑥, 0).

Is 𝑉, with these operations, a vector space?

2. Let 𝑉 be the set of pairs (𝑥, 𝑦) of real numbers and F be the field of real numbers. Define

(𝑥1 , 𝑦 1 ) + (𝑥 2 , 𝑦 2 ) = (𝑥 1 + 2𝑦 1 , 𝑥2 + 3𝑦 2 )
𝑐(𝑥 1 , 𝑦 1 ) = (𝑐𝑥 1 , 𝑐𝑦 1 ).

Is 𝑉, with these operations, a vector space? Justify your answer.

3. Let 𝑉 be a vector space of all 2 × 2 matrices over R. Let


  
𝑥 −𝑥
𝑊1 = 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 : 𝐴 =
𝑦 𝑧
  
𝑎 𝑏
𝑊2 = 𝐴 ∈ 𝑉 : 𝐴 =
−𝑎 𝑐

be subsets of 𝑉 . Then prove that 𝑊1 and 𝑊2 are subspaces of 𝑉 .

4. Examine whether the following sets are subspaces of R𝑛 (𝑛 ≥ 3).

𝑆1 = [𝑥 1 , 𝑥2 , . . . , 𝑥 𝑛 ] ⊤ ∈ R𝑛 : 𝑥 1 + 𝑥 2 = 4𝑥 3 , 𝑆2 = [𝑥 1 , 𝑥2 , . . . , 𝑥 𝑛 ] ⊤ ∈ R𝑛 : 𝑥 1 + 𝑥 2 ≤ 4𝑥 3
 

𝑆3 = [𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , . . . , 𝑥 𝑛 ] ⊤ ∈ R𝑛 : 𝑥 1 = 1 + 𝑥 2 , 𝑆4 = [𝑥 1 , 𝑥2 , . . . , 𝑥 𝑛 ] ⊤ ∈ R𝑛 : 𝑥 1 𝑥 2 = 0 .
 

5. Find all the subspaces R2 .

6. Show that 𝑊 = [𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧, 𝑤] ⊤ ∈ R4 : 𝑤 − 𝑧 = 𝑦 − 𝑥 is a subspace of R4 , is a subspace of R4 , spanned by the vectors




[1, 0, 0, −1] ⊤ , [0, 1, 0, 1] ⊤ and [0, 0, 1, 1] ⊤ . Also, determine dim𝑊 .

7. Find three vectors in R3 which are linearly dependent but any two of them are linearly independent.

8. If 𝛼 = (1, 1, 2), 𝛽 = (0, 2, 1), 𝛾 = (2, 2, 4), determine whether

(i) 𝛼 is a linear combination of 𝛽 and 𝛾,


(ii) 𝛽 is a linear combination of 𝛾 and 𝛼,
(iii) 𝛾 is a linear combination of 𝛼 and 𝛽.

9. In R2 , 𝛼 = (3, 1), 𝛽 = (2, −1). Determine 𝐿 {𝛼, 𝛽} and show that 𝐿{𝛼, 𝛽} = R2 .

10. Prove that the set 𝐶 [𝑎, 𝑏] of all real-valued continuous functions defined on the closed interval [𝑎, 𝑏] forms a real vector
space if

(i) addition is defined by ( 𝑓 + 𝑔) (𝑥) = 𝑓 (𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥), 𝑓 , 𝑔 ∈ 𝐶 [𝑎, 𝑏],


(ii) multiplication by a real number 𝑟 is defined by (𝑟. 𝑓 ) (𝑥) = 𝑟 𝑓 (𝑥), 𝑓 ∈ 𝐶 [𝑎, 𝑏].

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