SECTION A
1. Which part of nephron allows the selective reabsorption of useful substances like glucose, [1]
amino acids, salts and water into the blood capillaries?
A) Tubule
2. Which of the following options shows the transport of oxygen to the cell correctly? [1]
A) Lungs →pulmonary vein →left atrium →left ventricle →aorta → body cells.
3. Identify the mismatched pair in the following. [1]
D) Adrenal : Growth hormone
4. The electrical impulse travels in a neuron from [1]
5. If pea plants with round and green seeds (RRyy) are crossed with pea plants having wrinkled
and yellow seeds (rrYY), the seeds developed by the plants of F1 generation will be : [1]
C) 100% round and yellow
6. The percentage of solar energy which is converted into food energy by the leaves of green
plants in a terrestrial ecosystem is about: [1]
C) 1%
7. Which of the following is typically a non-bio degradable substance that persists in the
environment for a long time? [1]
A) Plastic packaged material
The following two questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Answer these questions by selecting the appropriate option given below.
A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C) (A) is true and (R) is false.
D) (A) is false and (R) is true.
8. Assertion (A) : The movement of water and dissolved salts in xylem is always upwards. [1]
Reason (R) : The upward movement of water is due to high pressure created by
transpiration. A
9. Assertion (A) : The purpose of making urine is to filter out undigested food from the intestine.
Reason (R) : Kidneys filter the waste and produce urine. D
[1]
10. a) Write the factors that decide the amount of water that is reabsorbed in the kidney and [2]
mention the substances other than water that are reabsorbed during urine formation.
-The amount of water reabsorbed depends on how much excess water there is in the body, and how
much of dissolved waste there is to be excreted
-Glucose, amino acids, salts
b) List two functions of finger-like projections present in the small intestine.
The finger-like projections in the small intestine, called villi, primarily increase the surface
area for efficient nutrient absorption and contain blood/lymph vessels to transport these
absorbed nutrients (sugars, amino acids, fatty acids) into the body's circulatory system.
Students attempt either option A or B.
11. A.i) Name and explain the two modes of asexual reproduction observed in Hydra. [2]
ii) What is vegetative propagation? List two advantages of using this technique.
Budding,Regeneration
-can develop a new body from a small piece or cut, especially after injury.
- Budding is the usual method, forming buds from rapid cell division, while regeneration allows a
new hydra to form from fragments, restoring lost parts or creating new individuals.
ii) What is vegetative propagation? List two advantages of using this technique.
Vegetative propagation is asexual plant reproduction from stems, roots, or leaves, creating
genetically identical clones
advantages
include faster growth, preserving desirable traits (like fruit quality or disease resistance), and the
ability to propagate seedless or sterile plants (like bananas), ensuring consistency and quick
multiplication for commercial use.
(OR)
B. i) What is translocation and why is it essential for plants? [2]
ii) Where do the substances in plants reach as a result of translocation?
12. a) We do not clean ponds or lakes but an aquarium needs to be cleaned regularly. Why? [2]
Ponds and lakes are self-sustaining natural ecosystems with diverse organisms (like
bacteria, fungi, fish, plants) that create balanced food webs, allowing decomposers to
naturally break down waste, keeping the water clean.
In contrast, an aquarium is a small, artificial, incomplete ecosystem lacking these natural
cleaners and balance, so fish waste, uneaten food, and decaying matter accumulate, quickly
becoming toxic and requiring human intervention (cleaning) to remove pollutants and
replenish essential elements
b) In the following food chain, only 30J of energy was available to the snake.
How much energy would have been present in Grass?
(100÷10)X30=10X30= frog-300J
100÷10X300=10X30= grasshopper-3000J
100÷10X300=10X30= grass-30000J
13. In the given diagram. Name the parts A, B and C and write its functions. [3]
A- sensory neuron
B- Effector
C-Relay neuron
FUNCTION- Sensory neurons detect stimuli (like touch, light, sound) and send
signals to the central nervous system (CNS); relay neurons (interneurons)
process and transmit these signals within the CNS, connecting sensory and
motor neurons; and motor neurons carry commands from the CNS to effectors
(muscles or glands) to produce a response, like contracting a muscle
14. a) Using height (tall / dwarf) of a plant as an example, show that genes control the [3]
traits in an organism.
b) Which plant did Mendel choose for his experiments and give its scientific name
15. Food web is the interconnection of different food chains, which correlate at various trophic
levels operating in an ecosystem.
[Link] many food chains are present in the given food web? [1]
4
[Link] the primary consumer in the given food web. [1]
mice,rabbits
Attempt either subpart C or D.
C. Draw a neat labelled diagram of trophic levels in an ecological pyramid. [2]
(OR)
D. If all the foxes are killed due to a disease, what will be your observations about the [2]
food web and how much percentage of energy is less at each trophic level
If all the foxes are killed due to a disease, the population of their prey, such as rabbits and mice, will
increase, leading to potential overgrazing and depletion of producers (plants), which can disrupt the
entire ecosystem.
-Approximately 90% of energy is less (lost) at each trophic level due to metabolic processes and
heat loss.
16. Attempt either option A or B.
A.(i) Draw a neat diagram of the human female reproductive systems and label the parts. [5]
A, B, C and D.
A :Site of fertilization
B : Ova or Egg is formed
C : Site of implantation
D : Birth canal
(ii) State one side effect of the following :
a) Copper T
b) Oral contraceptives
(iii) The child sex ratio is declining at an alarming rate. Justify.
(OR)
B. (i) Draw a neat diagram showing germination of pollen on stigma of a flower and label the
following parts. [5]
(K) Pollen tube
(L) Male germ cell
(M) Female germ cell
(N) Site of fertilization
(ii) In what way does pollination differ from fertilization?
(iii) Give an example each for unisexual and bisexual flowers.