Rain Alarm

Project
 PROJECT ASSOCIATES

1 . Adhvaith P Nair

2 . Advaith Pradeep

3 . Alby Thomas

4 . Charujith MP

5 . Dhruv S Chandra

6 . Josh Oommen
 INDEX
[Link] CONTENTS

1. Acknowledgement
2. Introduction
3. Circuit Diagram
4. Components Required

5. Rain Alarm Project Block Diagram

6. Rainwater Sensor
7. Working of the Circuit

8. Rain Alarm Circuit Applications

9. Conclusion
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
At the very outset, I thank God for giving me
constant blessings and strengthening me
throughout the project’s completion. I want
to thank my project guide Mrs. Annie Susan
Cheriyan (Principal), who gave me the golden
opportunity to be a part of the topic Rain
Alarm, a serious hazard society faces. I would
also like to take the great privilege to thank
Mr J Abraham(Manager), Mrs Sally Abraham
(Senior Principal) and Mr Ravishankar sir
(Physics teacher ) for being my physical and
mental support throughout the spell of my
project, I want to thank non-teaching staff, my
teachers and fellow friends.
THANK YOU ALL….
 INTRODUCTION
Rain Alarm Project is a simple but very useful project
that detects Rain (Rainwater) and automatically
triggers an alarm or buzzer. Water is a basic need in
everyone’s life. Saving water and proper usage of
water is very important. Here is an easy project that
will give the alarm when there is rain so that we can
take some actions for rainwater harvesting and save
the rainwater for using it later.

With the help of saving this rainwater through

rainwater harvesting, we can increase the levels of
underground water by using the underwater recharge
technique.

Rainwater detectors will detect rain and make an

alert; rainwater detector is used in the irrigation field,
home automation, communication, automobiles etc.
Here is the simple and reliable circuit of a rainwater
detector which can be constructed at low cost. In this
project, we have designed a simple Rain Alarm
Circuit, which, upon detecting rain, will activate a
buzzer. Based on the buzzer, we can take the
necessary actions.
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

The circuit diagram from the Rain Alarm Project

is shown in the below image.
 Components Required

• 1 X Small Rain Sensor

• 1 X 555 Timer IC
• 1 X BC584 NPN Transistor
• 2 X 2N2222 NPN Transistor
• 1 X Bright White LED
• 1 X 1N4007 PN Junction Diode
• 1 X 220 KΩ Resistor (1/4 Watt)
• 1 X 330 Ω Resistor (1/4 Watt)
• 1 X 10 KΩ Resistor (1/4 Watt)
• 1 X 470 KΩ Resistor (1/4 Watt)
• 2 X 3.3 KΩ Resistor (1/4 Watt)
• 1 X 68 KΩ Resistor (1/4 Watt)
• 1 X 22 μF Capacitor (Polarized)
• 2 X 100 μF Capacitor (Polarized)
• 1 X 10 nF Ceramic Capacitor (Code - 103)
• 1 X 100 pF Ceramic Capacitor (Code - 101)
• 1 X Buzzer (or Speaker - 8 Ω)
• Connecting Wires
• Breadboard
• 12 V Power Supply
 Rain Alarm Project Block Diagram
The block diagram of the Rain Alarm Project is
shown in the following image. The three main
components of the project are the Rainwater
Sensor, 555 Timer IC and Buzzer.

When the Rainwater Sensor detects the Rain,

it sends a signal to the 55 Timer. The 555
Timer IC, which is configured in its Astable
Mode, will then activate the Buzzer.
 Rainwater Sensor
The Rainwater Sensor used in this project is shown in the image
below. It is a simple sensor, and it is an easy-to-use tool for
detecting rain. It can act as a simple switch, where the switch is
normally open and when there is rain, the switch closes.

Even though the Rainwater Sensor is the main component in the

circuit. We need not to go and buy in the market or online. We can
do it ourselves just by taking a piece of Bakelite or Mica board and
aluminium wire.

Bakelite or Mica board should be made completely flat and

aluminium wire should be pasted on the flat board as shown in the
above figure. Care should be taken that there should be no spaces
between the wire and board. when the Rainwater Sensor is
completed, it should get connected to the circuit and voltage
should be passed through the wires.
If there is no rain, the resistance between the contacts will
be very high as there will be no conduction between the
wires in the sensor.

If there is rain, the water drops will fall on the rain sensor,
which will form a conductive path between the wires and it
also decreases the resistance between the contacts.

As a result, the wires on the sensor board will conduct and

trigger the NE555 timer through the transistor circuitry.
Once NE555 is triggered, it will make the output pin high,
which will make the buzzer make an alarm.
 Working of the Circuit
We will see how the simple Rain Sensor Alarm Circuit Project
works. When the rain falls on the sensor, the aluminium wires
start conducting and close the path between the supply and
base of the transistor Q2.

As a result, transistor Q2 will turn ON, which will also turn

transistor Q1 on. This will also turn ON the Bright White LED
connected to the emitter of transistor Q1.

When the transistor Q2 is saturated, the capacitor Q1 will be

shorted, which will make the transistor Q3 turn ON. C1 will get
charged by the resistor R4.

When the transistor Q3 reaches saturation mode, the Reset pin

of the 555 Timer IC, which is connected to the emitter of Q3,
will be made positive.

The 555Timer IC is configured in A stable mode. As the Reset

pin of the 555 Timer IC is given a positive voltage, it becomes
active, and we will get a pulse signal at the output pin 3 of the
555 Timer IC. This will turn ON the buzzer and the alarm is
activated.

If you are using a speaker, Capacitor C4, which is connected

between the Pin 3 of 555 Timer and the speaker, will block the
DC signal and allow only the variations in the signal that make
the speaker make a sound. The diode D1 will not allow any
reverse current from the timer.

Because of the Resistor R4 and capacitor C1, when the

capacitor is completely charged, the transistor Q3 will get in to
cut – off mode after some time
As a result, the Reset pin of the 55Timer IC will not
receive any positive voltage and the speaker will stop
making the sound. The time for 555Timer IC to make
the speaker sound depends on the values of C1 and
R4.

When there is no rain, the aluminium wire on the

sensor will not conduct as they do not have any
conduction path (open circuit). As a result, the sensor
cannot trigger the 555 Timer IC and there will be no
alarm.

Note:

• Rain sensor should be kept in an open place at 30 to

40 degrees from the ground. As a result, rainwater
will not be present on the sensor for a long time.
• This circuit will automatically switch off the alarm
after some time and the LED will glow continuously
until the rain stops.
Rain Alarm Project Circuit Applications

1. In the irrigation, it will detect the rain and

immediately alert the farmer.
2. In automobiles, when the rain detector
detects rain, it will immediately activate the
wipers and inform the drivers.
3. In communications, it will boost the power of
the antenna and increase the signal strength
to send or receive the signals.
4. In a normal household, with the help of a
rainwater detector we can automatically save
the rain water. (This can be only done when
home automation is done and there is proper
equipment to save rainwater. In this, the
rainwater detector will detect the rain and
help to switch ON the equipment which will
automatically save rainwater for different
purposes).
5. This can also be used if there is a chemical
rain. This is very common in industrial areas.
 CONCLUSION
The title of the project “RAIN ALARM WITH
CLOSING FACILITY” is essential for fertilizer
and cottage industries. The main purpose of
the project is to avoid mental stress and to
prevent the material from raining. This
project can be easily constructed using
simple electronic components. The
advantages and applications of this project
are given.