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Normalization

Normalization is the process of decomposing a large table into smaller tables to eliminate redundancies and anomalies by identifying functional dependencies. It consists of various levels, including First Normal Form (1NF), Second Normal Form (2NF), Third Normal Form (3NF), and Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF), with 3NF being the standard for a normalized table. Each normal form has specific criteria, such as eliminating duplicate records and avoiding partial or transitive functional dependencies.

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15 views3 pages

Normalization

Normalization is the process of decomposing a large table into smaller tables to eliminate redundancies and anomalies by identifying functional dependencies. It consists of various levels, including First Normal Form (1NF), Second Normal Form (2NF), Third Normal Form (3NF), and Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF), with 3NF being the standard for a normalized table. Each normal form has specific criteria, such as eliminating duplicate records and avoiding partial or transitive functional dependencies.

Uploaded by

brubrundha19
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

NORMALISATION

What is Normalization ?

" It is the process of reducing a large table into smaller tables in order to remove
redundancies and anomalies by identifying their functional dependencies is
known as Normalization . "

Or

"The process of decomposing a large table into smaller table is known as


Normalization ."

Or

"Reducing a table to its Normal Form is known as Normalization . "

T1 T2 T3

What is Normal Form ?

A table without redundancies and anomalies are said to be in Normal Form .

Levels of Normal From .


1. First Normal Form ( 1NF )
2. Second Normal Form ( 2NF )
3. Third Normal Form ( 3NF )
4. Boyce - Codd Normal Form ( BCNF )

Note : If any Table / entity is reduced to 3NF , then the table is said to be normalized.

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Note : If any Table / entity is reduced to 3NF , then the table is said to be normalized.

1. First Normal Form ( 1NF ) :


- No duplicates records .
- Multivalued data should not be present .

QSPIDERS
QID NAME COURSE
QID NAME C1 C2 C3
1 A JAVA
1 A JAVA MT
2 B JAVA , SQL
2 B JAVA SQL
3 C MT , SQL
3 C SQL MT
1 A MT

2. Second Normal Form ( 2NF )


- Table should be in 1NF
- Table should not have Partial Functional Dependency .

EMPLOYEE - ( EID , ENAME , SAL , DEPTNO , DNAME , LOC )


Eid ename sal Deptno dname Loc
1 A 100 10 D1 L1
2 B 120 20 D2 L2
3 C 320 10 D1 L1
4 D 251 10 D1 L1

Eid - ename ,sal


Deptno - dname , loc

:- ( Eid , deptno ) -> ( Ename , Sal , Dname , Loc ) composite key attribute
results in PFD

R1 - ( EID , ENAME , SAL )


R2 - ( DEPTNO , DNAME , LOC )
Eid ename sal DNO
1 A 100 10 Deptno dname Loc
2 B 120 20 10 D1 L1
3 C 320 10 20 D2 L2
3. Third Normal Form ( 3NF ) 4 D 251 10
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2 B 120 20 10 D1 L1
3 C 320 10 20 D2 L2
3. Third Normal Form ( 3NF ) 4 D 251 10
- Table should be in 2NF .
- Table should not have Transitive Functional Dependency .

Employee - ( EID , Ename , Sal , comm , Pin code , state , country )

EID -> ENAME :- Transitive Functional Dep


SAL
COMM
PINCODE -> STATE
COUNTRY

R1- ( eid , ename , comm )


R2- ( pincode , state , country )

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