BCA 203T – Dynamic Web Designing
Unit I: Introduction to PHP & Web Application Basics
1. Introduction to Web Applications
A Web Application is a software program that runs on a web server and can be ac-
cessed using a web browser. Examples include Gmail, Facebook, Online Banking, and
E-commerce sites like Amazon.
Features
• Accessible through any web browser.
• Platform independent.
• Easy to maintain and update.
2. Client Side vs Server Side Scripting
Client-Side Scripting Server-Side Scripting
Runs on the browser. Runs on the server.
Languages: HTML, CSS, JavaScript. Languages: PHP, JSP, [Link].
Cannot access databases. Can access databases and files.
Used for validation and interactivity. Used for data processing and dynamic
content.
3. Web Servers
A Web Server hosts and serves web pages.
Local Server
Installed locally for development. Examples: WAMP, LAMP, XAMPP, MAMP.
Remote Server
Hosted online and accessible via domain name. Examples: AWS, Hostinger, GoDaddy.
4. Installation (XAMPP Example)
1. Download XAMPP from [Link].
2. Install and start Apache and MySQL.
3. Save project in htdocs/.
4. Open [Link]
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5. Static vs Dynamic Websites
Static Website Dynamic Website
Same content for all users. Content changes dynamically.
HTML, CSS only. Uses PHP, JSP, or database.
Example: Portfolio site. Example: Facebook, Amazon.
6. Introduction to PHP
PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a server-side scripting language used for dynamic
web development.
Advantages
• Open-source and platform independent.
• Easy to integrate with databases.
• Fast and flexible.
Example
<? php
echo " Hello , ␣ World ! " ;
?>
7. PHP Variables and Data Types
Variables are declared with a $ symbol.
<? php
$name = " Durgesh " ;
$age = 25;
$marks = 87.5;
$isPass = true ;
echo " Name : ␣ $name , ␣ Age : ␣ $age " ;
?>
Data Types: String, Integer, Float, Boolean, Array, Object, NULL.
8. Constants and Comments
<? php
define ( " COLLEGE " , " IP ␣ University " ) ;
echo COLLEGE ;
// Single line comment
# Another single line
2
/*
Multi - line comment
*/
?>
9. Operators
• Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, %
• Assignment: =, +=, -=
• Comparison: ==, !=, ===
• Logical: , ——, !
• String: ., .=
<? php
$a = 10; $b = 5;
echo $a + $b ; // Output : 15
?>
10. Regular Expressions
Used for pattern matching in strings.
<? php
$pattern = " /^[ A - Za - z ]+ $ / " ;
if ( preg_match ( $pattern , " Durgesh " ) )
echo " Valid ␣ Name " ;
else
echo " Invalid " ;
?>
11. Control Statements
If-Else
<? php
$marks = 75;
if ( $marks >= 90)
echo " A ␣ Grade " ;
elseif ( $marks >= 75)
echo " B ␣ Grade " ;
else
echo " C ␣ Grade " ;
?>
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Switch Case
<? php
$day = 3;
switch ( $day ) {
case 1: echo " Monday " ; break ;
case 2: echo " Tuesday " ; break ;
case 3: echo " Wednesday " ; break ;
default : echo " Invalid " ;
}
?>
Loops
For Loop
for ( $i =1; $i <=5; $i ++)
echo " Number : ␣ $i < br > " ;
While Loop
$i = 1;
while ( $i <= 3) {
echo " Hello < br > " ;
$i ++;
}
Do-While Loop
$i = 1;
do {
echo " Count : ␣ $i < br > " ;
$i ++;
} while ( $i <= 3) ;
Foreach Loop
$colors = array ( " Red " , " Green " , " Blue " ) ;
foreach ( $colors as $c )
echo " $c < br > " ;
12. Arrays in PHP
Indexed Array
$fruits = array ( " Apple " , " Banana " , " Mango " ) ;
echo $fruits [1]; // Banana
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Associative Array
$marks = array ( " Amit " = >90 , " Riya " = >80) ;
echo $marks [ " Riya " ];
Multidimensional Array
$students = array (
array ( " Amit " , 90) ,
array ( " Riya " , 85) ,
array ( " John " , 80)
);
echo $students [1][0]; // Riya
Predefined Array Functions
$numbers = array (10 , 20 , 30) ;
echo count ( $numbers ) ;
sort ( $numbers ) ;
print_r ( $numbers ) ;
array_push ( $numbers , 40) ;
Conclusion
This unit introduces PHP fundamentals, local server setup, control structures, and ar-
rays—core concepts for building dynamic web applications.