BATCH CODE : 30-YN301MA 2024
Subject Name- PHYSICS
Chapter Name- Alternating Current
Lecture No.- 05 By- Vikram Kumar Singh
Topic : Quick Last Lecture Revision
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Topic Alternating Current
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#. Resistance and inductance in series (R-L circuit)
#. Resistance and capacitor in series (R-C circuit)
#. Combination of components (R-L or R-C or L-C)
#Q. What is the inductive reactance of a coil if the current through it is
20 mA and voltage across it is 100 V?
#Q. The reactance of capacitor is 20 ohm. What does it mean? What will be
its reactance if frequency of AC is doubled? What will be its, reactance
when connected in DC circuit? What is its consequence?
#Q. A capacitor of 50 pF is connected to an a.c. source of frequency 1kHz.
Calculate its reactance
#Q. When 10V, dc is applied across a coil current through it is 2.5 A, if 10V,
50 Hz A.C. is applied current reduces to 2 A. Calculate reactance of the
coil.
#Q. When an alternating voltage of 220V is applied across a device X, a
current of 0.5 A flows through the circuit and is in phase with the
applied voltage. When the same voltage is applied across another
device Y, the same current again flows through the circuit but it leads
the applied voltage by /2 radians.
(a) Name the devices X and Y.
(b) Calculate the current flowing in the circuit when same voltage is
applied across the series combination of X and Y.
#Q. Find out the required inductance to put in series of bulb (10W, 60V) to
run it safely across an alternating supply of 100V, 60Hz.
#. L-C-R series circuit
#Q. For the given LCR-series circuit. Find out applied source voltage of AC.
#Q. A capacitor, a resistor and a inductor are connected in series to an ac-
source of 110 V and frequency 60Hz. Find reading of voltmeter V3 and
ammeter in the given LCR-series circuit.
#Q. Find out the impedance of given circuit.
#Q. Find out reading of A.C. ammeter and also calculate the potential
difference across, resistance and capacitor.
#Q. In LCR circuit with an AC source R = 300 , C = 20 μF, L = 1.0 H,
Erms = 50V and f = 50/ Hz. Find RMS current in the circuit.
#. Impedance vs Frequency Graph
1) LR circuit 2) RC circuit
#. Impedance vs Frequency Graph
3) LC Circuit 4) LCR circuit
#. Series LCR Resonance Circuit
#. Resonance
A circuit is said to be resonant when the natural frequency of circuit is equal to
frequency of the applied voltage.
For resonance both L and C must be present in circuit.
There are two types of resonance :
(i) Series Resonance (ii) Parallel Resonance
#. Series Resonance
#Q. For what frequency the voltage across the resistance R will be
maximum?
#Q. In a series resonant R-L-C circuit, if L is increased by 25% and C is
decreased by 20%, then the resonant frequency will __________
#. Half Power Frequency
There are two such frequencies of applied ac-source in LCR-series circuit where power
consumption is exactly half of the maximum at resonance such frequencies are called
half power frequencies.
#. Quality Factor
This factor gives relative information about stored energy and lost energy per cycle.
#Q. The graph shows variation of I with f for a series R-L-C network.
Keeping L and C constant. If R decreases. What is its effect on :
(a) Maximum current (b) Sharpness of Graph (c) Quality factor.
#. Power in AC-circuit
The rate of doing work or the amount of energy transferred by a circuit per unit time is
known as power in AC circuits.
It is used to calculate the total power required to supply a load.
#. Average power in capacitive circuit
#. Average power in Inductive circuit
#. Power factor
#Q. In an A.C. circuit V and I are given by V = 100sin(100t) V and
I = 100sin(100t + /3) mA Find power dissipated in the circuit ?
#. MAIN APPLICATIONS OF E.M.I. :
(A) Generator (G) Based on periodic EMI
(B) DC Motor
(C) Transformer (T) Based on Mutual induction (Static EMI)
Sp. points :-
(a) There is no mechanical losses for transformer, because it has no moving element
and hence efficiency of transformer is higher than Generator and motor.
(b) Common losses for Generator and transformer
(i) Joule heating losses or Cu losses
(ii) Iron losses : (a) Eddy currents losses (b) Hysteresies losses
(iii) Flux leakage losses
(A) Generator (or Dynamo)
(i) Work :- It converts mechanical energy
into electrical energy.
(ii) Working principle Periodic E.M.I.
(iii) Types of Generator:
A.C. Generator, D.C. Generator
(iv) Generator has basic three sections
(a) Armature circuit (Internal circuit)
(b) Conveyor system (Connector of two
circuit)
(c) Load circuit ( External circuit)
(v) Basic difference between A.C. G. and D.C. G. in conveyor system.
#. Special chart For Rotating coil
(B) DC Motor :
It is a device, that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy (rotational energy).
Principle : When current carrying coil is placed in magnetic field it experiences a torque.
#Q. A circular coil of radius 8.0 cm and 20 turns rotates about its vertical
diameter with an angular speed of 50 s-1 in a uniform horizontal
magnetic field of magnitude 3 × 10-2 T. Obtain the maximum and
average induced emf in the coil. If the coil forms a closed loop of
resistance 10 W, how much power is dissipated as heat ? What is the
source of this power ?
#Q. An a.c. generator consists of a coil of 50 turns and area 2.5 m2 rotating
at an angular speed of 60 rad sec-1 in a uniform magnetic field B = 0.30
T between two fixed pole pieces. The resistance of the circuit including
that of the coil is 500W.
(a) Calculate the maximum current drawn from the generator.
(b) What will be the orientation of the coil w.r.t. the magnetic field to have
(i) maximum magnetic flux (ii) zero magnetic flux.
(c) Would the generator work if the coil were stationary and instead the poles
were rotated with same speed as above.
(C) TRANSFORMER
(i) Working principle : Mutual induction Input
(ii) Transformer has basic two section :-
(a) Shell :- It consist of primary and secondary coils of
copper. The effective resistance between primary
and secondary coil is infinite because electric circuit
between two is open (Rps = )
(b) Core :- Both Cu coils are tightly wound over a bulk
metal piece of high magnetic permeability (eg. soft
iron) called core. Both coils are electrically insulated
to core but core part magnetically coupled to both
the coils.
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