REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE-II
CHAPTER THREE
Analysis & Design of Two Way Slab Systems
By:- Bekalu Z.
• General Introduction
• Reinforced Concrete TwoWay Solid Slab Systems
Presentation • Analysis and Design of Two-way Slab Systems
outline Based on EBCS 2 -1995 and BS 8110-1:1997
• Design Procedure for Two way Slab System
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
▪ Two way slab: when a reinforced concrete slab is supported by beams
on all four sides, whose length to breadth ratio is less than two and the
load are carried to the support along both directions.
▪ For rectangular slabs with standard edge conditions and subject to
uniformly distributed loads; bending moments are obtained using
tabulated coefficients.
Two way solid slab system
Two way slab deflect in a dish like form under the action
of load but one way slab deflect in cylindrical form.
Designed for both direction as it bends in both directions.
Main bars are provided in both direction (x and y).
CONT….
CONT….
CONT….
Method used for Analysis & Design
Method use for design of two way slab system:
• Coefficient Method
• Equivalent Frame Method (EFM)
• Strip Methods
• Yield Line Method of Analysis
To analysis & design two way slab using coefficient, the following
assumption should be fulfilled
Slab should composed of rectangular panels
Slab should be supported at all four edges by walls or beams
Slab subjected to uniform load
Concentrated load which can be converted to equivalent
uniform load not exceeding 20% of the total load.
DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB ACC. TO EBCS 2 -1995
Individual Moment Determination
Moment for each panels with edge either simply supported or fully fixed are calculated from,
𝑀𝑖 = 𝑖 𝑃𝑑 𝐿𝑥 2
Where:
• 𝑀𝑖 - design bending moment per unit width at point of reference
𝐿𝑦
• 𝑖 - coefficient given in Table A-1 as a function of ൗ𝐿𝑥 and support condition
• 𝑃𝑑 - Design uniform load (kN/𝑚2 )
• 𝐿𝑥 and 𝐿𝑦 - shorter and longer spans of the panel respectively
CONT…
➢ The positive moment coefficients in Table A-1 may be derived from 'the
following equations. The negative moment coefficients are taken as 4/3 times
the positive moment coefficients for the same direction.
24 + 2𝑛𝑑 + 1.5𝑛𝑑 2
𝑦𝑓 =
1000
𝑥𝑓 =
[( (1+𝑟3 ) + (1+𝑟4 )]2
2 𝐿𝑥
= {1 − 2𝑦𝑓 ( (1 + 𝑟1 ) + (1 + 𝑟2 )}
3 𝐿𝑦
Where:
𝑛𝑑 − is the number of discontinuous edge (0 ≤ 𝑛𝑑 ≤ 4)
𝑟1 , 𝑟2 , 𝑟3 , 𝑟4 - the ratio of negative moment capacity at edges 1 to 4 respectively, to the span moment
capacity in the same direction & take values of 4Τ3 for continuous edges or zero fro discontinuous edges.
CONT…
Notations for different critical moments and edge numbers are
shown in Fig. A-3.
Table A-1 Bending moment coefficient for rectangular panels supported on four sides
with provision for torsion at corner
CONT…
LOADS TRANSFER ON SUPPORTING BEAMS
➢ The design loads on beams supporting solid slabs spanning in two directions at right angles
and supporting uniformly distributed loads may be assessed from the following equations:
𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣𝑥 𝑃𝑑 𝑙𝑥 ; 𝑣𝑦 = 𝑣𝑦 𝑃𝑑 𝑙𝑥
Where:
𝑣𝑦 - Design end shear on strips of unit width and span 𝑙𝑦 and
considered to act over the middle three-quarters of the edge.
𝑣𝑥 - Design end shear on strips of unit width and span 𝑙𝑥 and
considered to act over the middle three-quarters of the edge.
Table A-3 gives values of load transfer coefficients
Table A-3: Shear force coefficient for uniformly loaded rectangular panels
supported on four sides with provision for torsion at corners
CONT…
Moment adjustment of span and support moment:
1. Moment adjustment of span and support moment:
Support moment ML
MS
Span moment Span moment
There are two cases
I. when the difference between the moments is less than 20% --- take the average
moment .
𝑀𝐿 − 𝑀𝑆 𝑀𝐿 + 𝑀𝑆
If *100 ≤ 20% , take ----𝑀𝐴𝑑 =
𝑀𝐿 2
CONT…
𝑀𝑅 − 𝑀𝐿
II. If *100> 20% , distribute the unbalanced moment based on relative stiffness
𝑀𝑅
a. Support moment adjustment
𝑘𝐿 𝑘𝑆
𝑀𝐴𝑑 = 𝑀𝐿 − * ∆M or 𝑀𝐴𝑑 = 𝑀𝑆 + * ∆M
𝑘𝐿 +𝑘𝑆 𝑘𝐿 +𝑘𝑆
𝐼 𝐼
Where: ∆M = 𝑀𝐿 − 𝑀𝑆 , 𝑘𝐿 = and 𝑘𝑆 =
𝑙𝑥1 𝑙𝑥2
After support moment adjustment => Span moment adjustment
𝑀𝑥𝑑𝑓 = 𝑀𝑥𝑓 + 𝐶𝑥 ∆𝑀′
𝑀𝑦𝑑𝑓 = 𝑀𝑦𝑓 + 𝐶𝑦 ∆𝑀′
Where:
∆𝑀′ = 𝐿𝑅 − 𝑀𝐿
𝐶𝑥 and 𝐶𝑦 - Coefficient for adjusting span moment
Table A-2 Factors for adjusting span moments 𝑀𝑥𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀𝑦𝑓
GENERAL DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
1. Minimum depth determination for serviceability limit state (d).
• Deflection is governed by shorter span
3
𝑙 𝜌 𝜌
𝑑
= 𝑘 11 + 1.5 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝜌𝑜 + 3.2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 ( 𝜌𝑜 − 1) ∗ 𝐹1 ∗ 𝐹2 ∗ 𝐹3 ,
2 𝑖𝑓 𝜌 ≤ 𝜌𝑜
𝑙 𝜌𝑜 1 𝜌′
𝑑
= 𝑘 11 + 1.5 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝜌−𝜌 ′ + 12
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝜌
∗ 𝐹1 ∗ 𝐹2 ∗ 𝐹3 , 𝑖𝑓 𝜌 ≥ 𝜌𝑜
2. Design load calculation; 𝑝𝑑 = 1.35DL +1.5LL
3. Analysis of individual panels (moment): moment are determined for all panels
individually by treating their edges as either simply supported (external edge) or fully fixed
(continuous edge).
4. Moment adjustment of span and support moment:
There are two cases
i. when the difference between the moments is less than 20% --- take the average moment .
𝑀𝐿 − 𝑀𝑆 𝑀𝐿 + 𝑀𝑆
If 𝑀𝐿
*100 ≤ 20% , take ----𝑀𝑑 = 2
CONT…
𝑀𝐿 − 𝑀𝑆
ii. If *100> 20% , distribute the unbalanced moment based on relative stiffness
𝑀𝐿
a. Support moment adjustment
𝑘𝐿 𝑘𝑆
𝑀𝐴𝑑 = 𝑀𝐿 − 𝑘𝐿 +𝑘𝑆
* ∆M or 𝑀𝐴𝑑 = 𝑀𝑆 + 𝑘𝐿 +𝑘𝑆
* ∆M
𝐼 𝐼
Where: ∆M = 𝑀𝐿 − 𝑀𝑆 , 𝑘𝐿 = 𝑙𝑥1
and 𝑘𝑆 = 𝑙𝑥2
b. Span moment adjustment
𝑀𝑥𝑑𝑓 = 𝑀𝑥𝑓 + 𝐶𝑥 ∆𝑀′
𝑀𝑦𝑑𝑓 = 𝑀𝑦𝑓 + 𝐶𝑦 ∆𝑀′
Where:
∆𝑀′ = 𝑀𝑅 − 𝑀𝐴𝐷
𝐶𝑥 and 𝐶𝑦 - Coefficient for adjusting span moment
GENERAL DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB CONT…
5. Check depth for flexure and shear
[Link] design for flexure (size and spacing of reinforcement)
7. Reinforcement detailing
8. Load transfer to frames