Work, Power And Energy part2

Class 9 Module 6
1. What types of energy transformation takes place in the following:
(i) Electric heater
(ii) Solar battery
(iii) Dynamo
(iv) Steam engine
(v) Hydroelectric power station?
Answer:
(i) Electric heater: Electric energy into heat energy.
(ii) Solar battery: Solar energy into electric energy.
(iii) Dynamo: Mechanical energy into electric energy.
(iv) Steam engine: Heat energy to mechanical energy.
(v) Hydroelectric power station: Mechanical energy into electric energy.

2. Derive an expression for kinetic energy of an object.

Answer:
Suppose a body of mass m is moving with velocity v. It is brought to rest by applying a
retarding force F. Suppose it traverses a distance s before coming to rest.
Kinetic energy of body, KE = Work done by retarding force to stop it.
i.e., Kinetic energy = F. s …(i) .
But Retarding force, F = ma …(ii)
Initial velocity = v, final velocity = 0
From the equation, v2 = u2 + 2as, we have
0 = v2 – 2as (because here a is retardation)
⇒ Distance = s = v2/2a ………(iii)
Substituting values of F and s from (ii) and (iii) in (i), we get
Kinetic energy, KE = ma × v2/2a = 1/2 mv2

3.A rocket is moving up with a velocity v. If the velocity of this rocket is suddenly tripled,
what will be the ratio of two kinetic energies?
Answer:
Initial velocity = v, then final velocity, v’ = 3v
Initial kinetic energy = 1/2mv2
Final kinetic energy (KE) = 1/2 mv’2 = 1/2 m(3v)2 = 9(1/2mv2)
(KE)initial : (KE )final = 1 : 9

[Link] velocity of a body moving in a straight line is increased by applying a constant force F,
for some distance in the direction of the motion. Prove that the increase in the kinetic energy
of the body is equal to the work done by the force on the body.
Answer:

5.(a) Give one example of each of the following:

 Small mass but high kinetic energy

 Large mass but low kinetic energy

(b) Prove mathematically that the total mechanical energy of a freely falling body in air is
conserved.
Answer:
(a)A cricket/hockey ball which has been hit hard and is travelling fast.

A shot put thrown by an athlete

(b) Let the body of mass m at height h above the ground starting from rest, be falling freely.
Total energy of the body at height h
= mgh (PE) + 0 (KE) = mgh
After the body has fallen freely through a distance x (say),
KE = mgh, PE = mg (h – x)
Total energy = KE + PE
= mgh + mg (h – x) = mgh
When it reaches the ground KE = 1/2m(2gh) = mgh
PE = 0, Total Energy = KE + PE = mgh
Thus, the total mechanical energy, which is the sum of KE and PE is always equal to mgh.

6.A light and a heavy object have the same momentum, find out the ratio of their kinetic
energies.
Which one has a larger kinetic energy ?
Answer:
Linear momentum of first object, p1 = m1v1 and of second object, p2 = m2v2
But, p1 = p2
or, m1v1 = m2v2
If m1 < m2 then v1 > v2
Therefore, (K.E.)1 > (K.E.)2

[Link] the velocity of a body of mass 100 g having a kinetic energy of 20 J.

Answer :
Here, mass of the body, m = 100 g = 0.1 kg
Kinetic energy, K.E. = 20 J = 20 Nm = 20 kg (m/s) 2
Kinetic energy = 1/2 mv2

So, the velocity of the body is 20m/s.

8.A man of mass 60 kg runs up a flight of 30 steps in 15 seconds. If each step is 20 cm high,
calculate the power developed by the man. (Take g = 10 m/s2).
Answer :
Height of each step = 20 cm =0.20 m
Height of 30 steps, h = 30 × 0.20 m .
Time, t = 15 seconds
Force exerted by man against gravity
F = Weight of man = mg
∴ Work done by man = force × height = mgh
Power, P = Work Time =mgh/t
= 60×10×6.0/15 = 240 J.

9.A machine raises a load of 750 N through a height of 16 m in 5 seconds. Calculate the
power at which the machine works.
Answer :
Given force, F = 750 N, displacement = height, h = 16 m and time, t = 5s
Work done by machine,
W = Force × Displacement = F × h
= 750 N × 16 joule
Power of machine, P = W/ t=750N×16J/ 5s = 2400 W.
 [Link] power of a motor pump is 2 kW. How much water per minute can the pump raise to a
height of 10 m? (Given g =10 ms -2).
Answer:
P = W/Δt=mgh/Δt
⇒ m×10×10/60 = 2000 W
or m = 12000/10
= 1200 kg.

[Link] any object have mechanical energy even if its momentum is zero? Explain.
Answer:
Yes, mechanical energy comprises of both potential energy and kinetic energy. Zero
momentum means that velocity is zero. Hence, there is no kinetic energy but the object may
possess potential energy.

[Link] any object have momentum even if its mechanical energy is zero? Explain.
Answer:
No. Zero mechanical energy means that there is no potential energy and no kinetic energy.
Therefore, if kinetic energy is zero, velocity becomes zero and hence, there will be no
momentum.
Mathematically,
Mechanical energy = 0
⇒ PE = 0, KE = 0
⇒v=0
⇒ mv = p = 0

13..By what factor does the kinetic energy of a body increase when its speed is doubled?
Answer:
By a factor of 4 ( KE ∝ v2).

[Link] of a light and a heavy body having equal kinetic energy, which one will is move fast?
Answer:The lighter body

[Link] type of energy is stored in the spring of a watch?

Answer:
Elastic potential energy.

[Link] an arrow is shot from its bow, it has kinetic energy. From where does it get this
kinetic energy?
Answer:
A stretched bow possesses potential energy on account of a change in its shape. When the
arrow is released, the potential energy of the bow gets converted into the kinetic energy of the
arrow.

[Link] kinetic energy of a body be negative?

Answer:
No, because both m and v2 are always positive.
18.A car is accelerated on a levelled road and attains a velocity four times its initial velocity.
In this process, how does the potential energy of the car change?
Answer:
Potential energy (= mgh) does not change as it does not depend on velocity.

19. Give one example each of potential energy

(i) due to position
(ii) due to shape.
Answer:
(i) Potential energy due to position: Water stored in dam has potential energy.
(ii) Potential energy due to shape: In a toy car, the wound spring possesses potential
energy, and as the spring is released, its potential energy changes into kinetic energy due to
which the car moves.