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Data Visualization with Seaborn - Python
Last Updated : 10 Dec, 2025
Seaborn is a popular Python library for creating attractive statistical visualizations. Built on Matplotlib and
integrated with Pandas, it simplifies complex plots like line charts, heatmaps and violin plots with minimal
code.
2/4
Creating Plots with Seaborn
Seaborn makes it easy to create clear and informative statistical plots with just a few lines of code. It offers
built-in themes, color palettes, and functions tailored for different types of data.
Let’s see various types of plots with simple code to understand how to use it effectively.
1. Line plot
A line plot shows the relationship between two numeric variables, often over time. It can also compare
multiple groups using different lines.
Syntax:
[Link](x=None, y=None, data=None)
Parameters:
x, y: Numeric input variables. These can be arrays, lists or column names from a DataFrame.
data: DataFrame containing the data.
Example:
import pandas as pd
import [Link] as plt
data = {'Name': ['ANSH', 'SAHIL', 'JAYAN', 'ANURAG'], 'Age': [21, 23, 20, 24]}
df = [Link](data)
[Link]([Link], df['Age'])
[Link]('Index')
[Link]('Age')
[Link]('Age Line Plot')
[Link]()
Output
Line plot
2. Scatter Plot
Scatter plots are used to visualize the relationship between two numerical variables. They help identify
correlations or patterns. It can draw a two-dimensional graph.
Syntax:
[Link](x=None, y=None, data=None)
Parameters:
x, y: Input data variables that should be numeric.
data (optional): Dataset containing the variables.
Returns: An Axes object with the scatter plot.
Example:
import pandas as pd
import seaborn as sns
import [Link] as plt
data = {'Name': ['ANSH', 'SAHIL', 'JAYAN', 'ANURAG'], 'Age': [21, 23, 20, 24]}
df = [Link](data)
[Link](x=[Link], y='Age', data=df)
[Link]()
Output
Scatter plot
3. Box plot
A box plot is the visual representation of the depicting groups of numerical data with their quartiles against
continuous/categorical data.
It consists of 5 key statistics: Minimum ,First Quartile or 25% , Median (Second Quartile) or 50%, Third
Quartile or 75% and Maximum
Syntax:
[Link](x=None, y=None, hue=None, data=None)
Parameters:
x, y, hue: Variables for plotting long-form data.
data: Dataset to plot. If x and y are absent data is treated as wide-form.
Returns: An Axes object with the box plot.
Example:
import pandas as pd
import [Link] as plt
import seaborn as sns
data = {'Name': ['ANSH', 'SAHIL', 'JAYAN', 'ANURAG'], 'Age': [21, 23, 20, 45]}
df = [Link](data)
[Link](y='Age', data=df)
[Link]()
Output
Box plot
4. Violin Plot
A violin plot is similar to a boxplot. It shows several quantitative data across one or more categorical
variables such that those distributions can be compared.
Syntax:
[Link](x=None, y=None, hue=None, data=None)
Parameters:
x, y, hue: Inputs for plotting long-form data.
data: Dataset for plotting.
Example:
import pandas as pd
import seaborn as sns
import [Link] as plt
data = {'Name': ['ANSH', 'SAHIL', 'JAYAN', 'ANURAG'], 'Age': [21, 23, 20, 24]}
df = [Link](data)
[Link](y='Age', data=df)
[Link]()
Output
Violin plot
5. Swarm plot
A swarm plot displays individual data points without overlap along a categorical axis which provides a clear
view of distribution density.
Syntax:
[Link](x=None, y=None, hue=None, data=None)
Parameters:
x, y, hue: Inputs for plotting long-form data.
data: Dataset for plotting.
Example:
import pandas as pd
import seaborn as sns
import [Link] as plt
data = {'Name': ['ANSH', 'SAHIL', 'JAYAN', 'ANURAG'], 'Age': [21, 23, 20, 24]}
df = [Link](data)
[Link](x=[Link], y='Age', data=df)
[Link]()
Output
Swarmplot
6. Bar plot
Barplot represents an estimate of central tendency for a numeric variable with the height of each rectangle
and provides some indication of the uncertainty around that estimate using error bars.
Syntax:
[Link](x=None, y=None, hue=None, data=None)
Parameters :
x, y : Variables or column names for long-form data.
hue : (optional) Column for color encoding.
data : (optional) Dataset to plot.
Returns: Axes object with the bar plot.
Example:
import pandas as pd
import seaborn as sns
import [Link] as plt
data = {'Name': ['ANSH', 'SAHIL', 'JAYAN', 'ANURAG'], 'Age': [21, 23, 20, 24]}
df = [Link](data)
[Link](x='Name', y='Age', data=df)
[Link]()
Output
Bar plot
7. Point plot
Point plot show point estimates and confidence intervals using scatter glyphs which represents the central
tendency of a numeric variable.
Syntax:
[Link](x=None, y=None, hue=None, data=None)
Parameters:
x, y: Inputs for plotting long-form data.
hue: (optional) column name for color encoding.
data: Dataframe as a Dataset for plotting.
Return: Axes object with the point plot.
Example:
import pandas as pd
import seaborn as sns
import [Link] as plt
data = {'Name': ['ANSH', 'SAHIL', 'JAYAN', 'ANURAG'],'Age': [21, 23, 20, 24]}
df = [Link](data)
[Link](x='Name', y='Age', data=df)
[Link]()
Output
Point Plot
8. Count plot
A Count plot displays the number of occurrences of each category using bars to visualize the distribution of
categorical variables.
Syntax :
[Link](x=None, y=None, hue=None, data=None)
Parameters :
x, y: Inputs for plotting long-form data.
hue: (optional) column name for color encoding.
data: Dataframe as a Dataset for plotting.
Returns: Axes object with the count plot.
Example:
import pandas as pd
import seaborn as sns
import [Link] as plt
data = {'Name': ['ANSH', 'SAHIL', 'ANSH', 'JAYAN', 'ANURAG', 'ANURAG', 'ANURAG', 'SAHIL']}
df = [Link](data)
[Link](x='Name', data=df)
[Link]("Frequency of Names")
[Link]()
Output
Countplot
9. KDE Plot
KDE Plot (Kernel Density Estimate) is used for visualizing the Probability Density of a continuous variable
at different values in a continuous variable. We can also plot a single graph for multiple samples which
helps in more efficient data visualization.
Syntax:
[Link](x=None, *, y=None, vertical=False, palette=None, data=None, **kwargs)
Parameters:
x, y: Vectors or data keys.
vertical: Boolean to plot vertically.
palette: Color palette.
data: Dataframe
Example:
from [Link] import load_iris
import pandas as pd
import seaborn as sns
import [Link] as plt
iris = load_iris()
df = [Link]([Link], columns=iris.feature_names)
df['Species'] = [Link]
df['Species'] = df['Species'].map({ 0: 'Setosa', 1: 'Versicolor', 2: 'Virginica'})
[Link](data=df[df['Species'] == 'Virginica'], x='sepal length (cm)', fill=True, label='Virginica')
[Link]()
[Link]()
Output
KDE plot
How to Customize Seaborn Plots with Python?
Customizing Seaborn plots increases their readability and visual appeal which makes the data insights
clearer and more informative. Here are several ways we can customize our plots in Seaborn:
1. Adding Titles and Axis Labels
Adding descriptive titles and axis labels makes our plots more understandable and informative. Using
Matplotlib's [Link](), [Link]() and [Link]() to set titles and axis labels.
import seaborn as sns
import [Link] as plt
iris = sns.load_dataset('iris')
[Link](x='sepal_length', y='sepal_width', data=iris)
# Add plot title and axis labels
[Link]('Sepal Length vs Sepal Width')
[Link]('Sepal Length (cm)')
[Link]('Sepal Width (cm)')
[Link]()
Output
Adding Titles and Labels
2. Built-in Styles and Grids in Seaborn
Seaborn provides built-in styles that control the background and grid of your plots. These styles improve
readability and can be chosen based on your presentation needs.
Available Styles:
darkgrid – Dark background with light gridlines. Great for clear contrast.
whitegrid – White background with light gridlines. Ideal for statistical plots.
dark – Dark background without gridlines. Clean and modern look.
white – Plain white background without gridlines. Good for simple visuals.
ticks – White background with axis ticks styled sharply. Suitable for publications.
import seaborn as sns
import [Link] as plt
sns.set_style("whitegrid")
[Link](x='species', y='petal_length', data=sns.load_dataset('iris'))
[Link]('Petal Length Distribution by Species')
[Link]()
Output
Representation of Whitegrid in Boxplot
3. Customizing Color Palettes
Seaborn makes it easy to enhance the appearance of plots using color palettes. You can choose from built-in
palettes like "deep", "muted", or "bright" or define your own using sns.color_palette(). Customizing colors
improves clarity and helps match your data’s theme or purpose.
a) Using a Built-in Palette:
sns.set_palette("pastel")
[Link](x='species', y='petal_length', data=sns.load_dataset('iris'))
[Link]('Petal Length Distribution by Species')
[Link]()
Output
Using Built in palette
b) Using a Custom Palette:
custom_colors = ['#FF5733', '#33FFBD', '#335BFF']
t l tt ( t l )
sns.set_palette(custom_colors)
[Link](x='species', y='petal_length', data=sns.load_dataset('iris'))
[Link]('Custom Colored Petal Length Distribution')
[Link]()
Using custom palette
4. Adjusting Figure Size and Aspect Ratio
We can adjust the figure size using [Link](figsize=(width,height)) to control the plot's dimensions. This
allows for better customization to fit different presentation or reports.
[Link](figsize=(10, 6))
[Link](x='year', y='passengers', data=sns.load_dataset('flights'))
[Link]('Number of Passengers Over Time')
[Link]()
Output
Adjusting Figure Size and Aspect Ratio
5. Adding Markers to Line Plots
Markers can be added to Seaborn line plots using the marker argument to highlight data points. For
example adding circular markers to the line plot using [Link](x='x', y='y' ,marker='o')
[Link](x='year', y='passengers', data=sns.load_dataset('flights'), marker='o')
[Link]('Number of Passengers Over Time')
[Link]()
Output
Adding marker to lne plot
Visualizing Relationships and Patterns with Seaborn
We’ll see various plots in Seaborn for visualizing relationships, distributions and trends across our dataset.
These visualizations help to find hidden patterns and correlations in datasets with multiple variables.
1. Pair Plots
Pair plots are used explore relationships between several variables by generating scatter plots for every
pair of variables in a dataset along with univariate distributions on the diagonal. This is useful for exploring
datasets with multiple variables and seeing potential correlations.
Syntax:
[Link](data, hue=None)
Parameters:
data: Dataset to plot.
hue: (optional) Categorical variable used for color coding data points.
Returns: An array of Axes objects containing the scatter plot grid and distributions.
Example:
import seaborn as sns
import [Link] as plt
sns.set_style("whitegrid")
custom_palette = sns.color_palette("husl", 8)
sns.set_palette(custom_palette)
data = sns.load_dataset("iris")
[Link](data, hue="species")
[Link]()
Output
Pair Plots
2. Joint Plots
Joint plots combine a scatter plot with the distributions of the individual variables. This allows for a quick
visual representation of how the variables are distributed individually and how they relate to one another.
Syntax:
[Link](x, y, data, kind='scatter')
Parameters:
x, y: Variables to plot.
data: Dataset to plot.
kind: Type of plot to display ('scatter', 'kde', 'reg' etc).
Returns:
An Axes object with the joint plot including scatter plot and distribution plots on the margins.
Example:
import seaborn as sns
import [Link] as plt
data = sns.load_dataset("tips")
[Link](x="total_bill", y="tip", data=data, kind="scatter", color="#008B8B")
[Link]()
Output
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Joint plots
This creates a scatter plot between total_bill and tip with histograms of the individual distributions along
the margins. The kind parameter can be set to 'kde' for kernel density estimates or 'reg' for regression plots.
3. Grid Plot
Grid plots in Seaborn are used to create multiple subplots in a grid layout. Using Seaborn's FacetGrid we
can visualize how variables interact across different categories which makesit easier to compare groups or
conditions within our dataset.
Syntax:
g = [Link](data, col='column_name', row='row_name')
[Link]([Link], 'x', 'y')
Parameters:
data: Dataset to plot.
col, row: Variables for the columns and rows of the grid (categorical variables).
[Link]: The plotting function to apply to each facet.
Returns: A FacetGrid object with the grid of plots.
Example: To use FacetGrid, we first need to initialize it with a dataset and specify the variables that will
form the row, column or hue dimensions of the grid. Here is an example using the tips dataset:
import seaborn as sns
import [Link] as plt
tips = sns.load_dataset("tips")
plot=[Link](tips, col="time", row="sex")
[Link]([Link], "total_bill", "tip")
[Link]()
Output
Grid Plot
Regression Plots: Visualizing Linear Relationships
Seaborn simplifies the process of performing and visualizing regressions specifically linear regressions
which is important for identifying relationships between variables, detecting trends and making predictions.
It supports two primary functions for regression visualization:
regplot(): This function plots a scatter plot along with a linear regression model fit.
lmplot(): This function also plots linear models but provides more flexibility in handling multiple facets
and datasets.
Example: Let’s use a simple dataset to visualize a linear regression between two variables: x (independent
variable) and y (dependent variable).
import seaborn as sns
import [Link] as plt
tips = sns.load_dataset('tips')
[Link](x='total_bill', y='tip', data=tips, scatter_kws={'s':10}, line_kws={'color':'red'})
[Link]()
Output:
Regression Plots
As we explore Seaborn functions and techniques we can create clear, customized and insightful
visualizations that helps us to understand our data better.
Suggested Quiz 5 Questions
Which of the following Seaborn plots is used to visualize the relationship between two numerical variables?
A Bar plot
B Scatter plot
C Box plot
D Heatmap
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