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Process Management Notes

A process is an executing program that includes its code, current activity, and memory sections. It can exist in various states such as New, Ready, Running, Waiting, and Terminated, with management facilitated by a Process Control Block (PCB). Key concepts include process scheduling algorithms, context switching, inter-process communication, and synchronization mechanisms to ensure efficient and safe execution of processes.

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4 views2 pages

Process Management Notes

A process is an executing program that includes its code, current activity, and memory sections. It can exist in various states such as New, Ready, Running, Waiting, and Terminated, with management facilitated by a Process Control Block (PCB). Key concepts include process scheduling algorithms, context switching, inter-process communication, and synchronization mechanisms to ensure efficient and safe execution of processes.

Uploaded by

amanullah786.net
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Process Management - Notes

What is a Process?

A process is a program in execution. It includes the program code, current activity, stack, data

section, and heap.

Process States

A process can be in one of the following states: New, Ready, Running, Waiting, and Terminated.

Process Control Block (PCB)

PCB contains information associated with each process such as process ID, process state, program

counter, CPU registers, memory limits, and accounting information.

Process Scheduling

The OS uses scheduling algorithms to determine which process runs next. It helps in efficient CPU

utilization.

CPU Scheduling Algorithms

Common algorithms include:

- First Come First Serve (FCFS)

- Shortest Job First (SJF)

- Round Robin (RR)

- Priority Scheduling

- Multilevel Queue and Multilevel Feedback Queue Scheduling

Context Switching

Context switching is the process of storing and restoring the state (context) of a CPU so that

execution can be resumed from the same point later.

Threads and Multithreading

A thread is a lightweight process. Multithreading allows multiple threads within a process to execute

independently while sharing resources.


Process Management - Notes

Inter-Process Communication (IPC)

IPC allows processes to communicate and synchronize their actions. Methods include Message

Passing and Shared Memory.

Process Synchronization

It ensures that concurrent processes do not execute critical section code simultaneously.

Mechanisms include Semaphores, Mutexes, and Monitors.

Critical Section Problem

A segment of code that accesses shared resources and must not be concurrently executed by more

than one process.

Process Creation and Termination

Processes can be created using system calls like fork() in Unix. Termination can occur when a

process finishes execution or is killed.

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