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Unit 3 Interview Questions

The document provides an overview of SQL Server commands including SELECT, WHERE, AND, OR, IN, LIKE, and BETWEEN, along with their usage and examples. It explains how to filter data, the differences between various operators, and how to retrieve specific records. Additionally, it covers the use of wildcards in pattern matching and the default sorting order in SQL queries.

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Anirudh Yadav
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6 views7 pages

Unit 3 Interview Questions

The document provides an overview of SQL Server commands including SELECT, WHERE, AND, OR, IN, LIKE, and BETWEEN, along with their usage and examples. It explains how to filter data, the differences between various operators, and how to retrieve specific records. Additionally, it covers the use of wildcards in pattern matching and the default sorting order in SQL queries.

Uploaded by

Anirudh Yadav
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

6/22/25, 6:49 PM Unit 3 – SELECT, WHERE, AND, OR, IN, LIKE, BETWEEN (Deep + Hinglish + SQL Server)

UNIT 3 INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

1. What is the purpose of the SELECT statement?


2. How do you filter data in SQL Server?
3. Difference between = and IN?
4. How does the BETWEEN keyword work?
5. When to use LIKE vs =?
6. What is the difference between AND and OR?
7. What does % mean in a LIKE pattern?
8. What is the use of IS NULL?
9. How do you fetch only top 10 records in SQL Server?
10. What is the default sorting order in ORDER BY?

SELECT statement ka purpose kya hai?SELECT ka kaam database se data nikaalna hai. Tum specific
columns ya rows choose kar sakte ho jo chahiye.
Details: Ye data retrieve karta hai aur result set ke roop mein deta hai.
Example:
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SELECT Name, Age FROM Students WHERE Age > 18;

Ye Students table se sirf Name aur Age columns nikaalega jahan Age 18 se zyada ho.

SQL Server mein data kaise filter karte hain?Data filter karne ke liye WHERE clause use hota hai SELECT,
UPDATE, ya DELETE ke saath. Tum conditions laga ke specific rows choose kar sakte ho.
Details:Conditions mein operators (=, >, <, IN, LIKE, etc.) aur logical operators (AND, OR) use hote hain.
Example:
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SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE Salary > 50000 AND Department = 'IT';

Ye employees ko filter karega jinka salary 50,000 se zyada hai aur department IT hai.
Other ways: GROUP BY, HAVING, aur TOP bhi filtering ke liye use ho sakte hain.

= aur IN mein kya difference hai?=: Ek single value ke saath compare karta hai.
Example:
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SELECT * FROM Students WHERE Grade = 'A';

Ye sirf 'A' grade wale students nikaalega.


IN: Multiple values ke saath compare karta hai, jaise ek list.
Example:
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SELECT * FROM Students WHERE Grade IN ('A', 'B');

Ye 'A' ya 'B' grade wale students nikaalega.


Fark:= sirf ek value ke liye, IN multiple values ke liye.
IN ko OR ke alternative ke roop mein use kar sakte ho (e.g., Grade = 'A' OR Grade = 'B').

BETWEEN keyword kaise kaam karta hai?BETWEEN ek range ke andar values ko filter karta hai
(inclusive, yani start aur end values bhi include hoti hain).
Syntax:
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column_name BETWEEN value1 AND value2;

Example:
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SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE Salary BETWEEN 40000 AND 60000;

Ye employees nikaalega jinka salary 40,000 se 60,000 ke beech hai (including 40,000 aur 60,000).
Details:Numbers, dates, aur strings pe kaam karta hai.
Equivalent hai column_name >= value1 AND column_name <= value2.
Date Example:
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SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE OrderDate BETWEEN '2025-01-01' AND '2025-06-16';

LIKE aur = kab use karna chahiye?=: Exact match ke liye use hota hai, jab tumhe pura value match karna ho.
Example:
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SELECT * FROM Students WHERE Name = 'Amit';

Ye sirf 'Amit' naam wale students nikaalega.


LIKE: Partial match ya pattern matching ke liye use hota hai, wildcard characters (% aur _) ke saath.
Example:

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SELECT * FROM Students WHERE Name LIKE 'Am%';

Ye sab students nikaalega jinke naam 'Am' se start hote hain (jaise Amit, Amrita).
Kab use karna?= jab exact value chahiye (fast hota hai).
LIKE jab partial ya pattern-based search chahiye (thoda slow ho sakta hai).

AND aur OR mein kya difference hai?AND: Sab conditions true honi chahiye result ke liye.
Example:
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SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE Salary > 50000 AND Department = 'IT';

Ye employees nikaalega jo dono conditions (salary > 50,000 aur IT department) satisfy karte hain.
OR: Koi bhi ek condition true ho toh result aayega.
Example:
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SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE Salary > 50000 OR Department = 'IT';

Ye employees nikaalega jinka ya toh salary > 50,000 hai ya department IT hai.
Fark:AND strict hai (sab conditions true chahiye).
OR lenient hai (ek bhi condition true chalegi).

LIKE pattern mein % ka matlab kya hai?% ek wildcard hai jo zero ya zyada characters ko represent karta
hai LIKE clause mein.

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Details:Pattern matching ke liye use hota hai.


Examples:Name LIKE 'A%': Names jo 'A' se start hote hain (Amit, Anu, etc.).
Name LIKE '%t': Names jo 't' pe end hote hain (Amit, Neet).
Name LIKE '%mi%': Names jismein kahin bhi 'mi' ho (Amit, Samir).
Note: Ek aur wildcard _ hota hai jo exact ek character ko represent karta hai (e.g., A_t matches Amit but not
Ankit).

IS NULL ka use kya hai?IS NULL check karta hai ki column mein NULL value hai ya nahi.
Details:NULL ek special marker hai jo missing ya unknown data ko represent karta hai.
= ya <> NULL ke saath kaam nahi karta, isliye IS NULL ya IS NOT NULL use hota hai.
Example:
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SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE ManagerID IS NULL;

Ye employees nikaalega jinka ManagerID NULL hai (no manager assigned).


IS NOT NULL Example:
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SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE ManagerID IS NOT NULL;

SQL Server mein top 10 records kaise fetch karte hain?TOP keyword use hota hai top n records nikaalne ke
liye.
Syntax:
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SELECT TOP n column_names FROM table_name;

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Example:
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SELECT TOP 10 * FROM Orders ORDER BY OrderDate DESC;

Ye latest 10 orders nikaalega, date ke descending order mein.


Details:ORDER BY lagana zaroori hai warna random rows aa sakti hain.
Ties ke liye WITH TIES use kar sakte ho (agar top 10 ke baad same value wale rows hain).
Example with Ties:
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SELECT TOP 10 WITH TIES * FROM Employees ORDER BY Salary DESC;

ORDER BY ka default sorting order kya hai?


Default sorting order hai ASC (Ascending).
Details:ORDER BY column_name likhne ka matlab ascending order (chhota se bada).
Agar descending order (bada se chhota) chahiye, toh ORDER BY column_name DESC likho.
Example:
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SELECT * FROM Employees ORDER BY Salary;

Ye salary ko ascending order mein sort karega (e.g., 10000, 20000).


Descending Example:

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SELECT * FROM Employees ORDER BY Salary DESC;

Ye salary ko descending order mein sort karega (e.g., 50000, 40000).

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