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Lecture 1: Introduction
to Project Management Instructor:
Dr. Nesar Ahmad Wasi
Assistant Professor
Department of Information Systems
Faculty of Computer Science
Kabul University
Outline
Project Management
ICT Project Management
Role of Project Management in Organizations
Project Management Principles and Methodologies 1
Summary
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Objectives
To familiar with project and project management;
To familiar with the role of project management in organizations;
To familiar with the project management principles and methodologies;
Lesson Outcome
At the end of this lecture, you will be able to:
Explain the project, project management and ICT project management;
Explain the role of project management in organizations; 2
Explain the principles and Methodologies of project management.
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Determining What Makes a Project; a Project
No matter what your job is, you handle a myriad of assignments every day:
Prepare a memo, hold a meeting, design a sales campaign, or move to new
offices.
Make the information systems more user-friendly, develop a research
compound in the laboratory, or improve the organization’s public image.
Not all these assignments are projects.
How can you tell which ones are and which ones aren’t?
Define a Project
Project is a temporary undertaking performed to produce a unique product,
service, or result.
Large or small, a project always has the following three components:
Specific scope: Desired results or products
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Schedule: Established dates when project work starts and ends
Required resources: Necessary amounts of people, funds, and other resources
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Project…..
Three components are the basis of a project’s definition for the following three
reasons:
The only reason a project exists is to produce the results specified in its scope.
The project’s end date is an essential part of defining what constitutes
successful performance — the desired result must be provided by a
certain time to meet its intended need.
The availability of resources shapes the nature of the products the project can
produce.
Recognizing the diversity of projects
Be large or small:
Create Student Management System
Installing a new subway system, which may cost more than $1 billion and take
10 to 15 years to complete, is a project. 4
Involve many people or just you:
Training all 10,000 of your organization’s staff in a new affirmative action
policy is a project.
Be business-related or personal:
E-commerce Platform for Online Retail
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Activity
Which of the following is a Project, based on the Project definition:
IoT-Based Smart Home Automation System
Network Infrastructure Upgrade
Cloud-Based File Storage Solution
Digital Information Hub
Project Life Cycles
Starting the project:
This stage involves generating, evaluating, and framing the business need for the
project and the general approach to performing it and agreeing to prepare a detailed
project plan.
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Project Life cycle
• Starting • Organizing & • Carrying out • Ending the Project
• Initiating Preparing the work • Closing-out
• Conceptualizing • Planning • Implementing
• Analyzing & • Executing
Designing
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Project Life Cycles…..
Organizing and preparing:
This stage involves developing a plan that specifies the desired results; the work to do;
the time, the cost, and other resources required; and a plan for how to address key
project risks.
Project Life cycle
• Starting • Organizing & • Carrying out • Ending the Project
• Initiating Preparing the work • Closing-out
• Conceptualizing • Planning • Implementing
• Analyzing & • Executing
Designing
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Project Life Cycles…….
Carrying out the work:
This stage involves establishing the project team and the project support systems,
performing the planned work, and monitoring and controlling performance to
ensure adherence to the current plan. 6
Project Life cycle
• Starting • Organizing & • Carrying out • Ending the Project
• Initiating Preparing the work • Closing-out
• Conceptualizing • Planning • Implementing
• Analyzing & • Executing
Designing
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Project Life Cycles……
Closing the project:
This stage involves assessing the project results, obtaining customer approvals,
transitioning project team members to new assignments, closing financial accounts,
and conducting a post project evaluation.
Project Life cycle
• Starting • Organizing & • Carrying out • Ending the Project
• Initiating Preparing the work • Closing-out
• Conceptualizing • Planning • Implementing
• Analyzing & • Executing
Designing
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Project Management
Is the process of guiding a project from its beginning through its performance to
its closure.
Project management includes five sets of processes:
Initiating processes: Clarifying the business need, defining high-level
expectations and resource budgets, and beginning to identify audiences that may
play a role in your project.
Planning processes: Detailing the project scope, time frames, resources, and
risks, as well as intended approaches to project communications, quality, and
management of external purchases of goods and services
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Project Management……
• Executing processes: Establishing and managing the project team,
communicating with and managing project audiences, and implementing the
project plans
• Monitoring and controlling processes: Tracking performance and taking 8
actions necessary to help ensure project plans are successfully
implemented and the desired results are achieved
• Closing processes: Ending all project activity
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The five Project management process groups that support the four project life
cycle stages
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Requirement to successful perform the processes
Information: Accurate, timely, and complete data for the planning,
performance monitoring, and final assessment of the project
Communication: Clear, open, and timely sharing of information with
appropriate individuals and groups throughout the project’s duration 9
Commitment: Team members’ personal promises to produce the agreed-upon
results on time and within budget
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ICT Project Management
ICT (Information and Communication Technology) Project Management
involves overseeing and coordinating projects that involve the development,
implementation, or maintenance of technology systems and solutions.
It encompasses the planning, execution, and completion of projects that use
ICT to achieve specific goals
Example: Deployment of a Company-Wide Cybersecurity Solution
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Role of Project Manager
The things you must do as a project manager are:
Ensure there is a clear understanding why a project is being done, and what it will
produce.
Plan the project – to understand how long it will take and how much it will cost.
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Manage the project – to ensure that as the project progresses, it achieves the
objectives you have defined within the time and cost specified.
Complete the project properly – to make sure everything produced by the project
is of the quality expected and works as required
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Role of Project Management in Organization
Aligning Projects with Organizational Goals;
Efficient Resource Management: One of the primary roles of project
management is the effective management of resources, including time, money,
human, and materials;
Risk Management: Project management involves the identification,
assessment, and mitigation of risks throughout the project lifecycle;
Quality Assurance: Ensuring that project deliverables meet the desired quality
standards is a crucial role of project management
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Role of Project Management in Organization…..
Improving Communication and Collaboration: Project management fosters
clear and open communication among project team members, stakeholders, and
customers;
Enhancing Customer Satisfaction: project management plays a critical role in 11
enhancing customer satisfaction;
Driving Continuous Improvement: Project management promotes a culture of
continuous improvement by encouraging teams to learn from each project
experience
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Project Management principles
The principles guide project managers and teams in planning, executing, and
completing projects successfully;
Focus on Value Delivery: Delivering value to stakeholders is the primary
objective of any project.
Align with Organizational Goals: Projects should be aligned with the strategic
goals and objectives of the organization
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Project Management principles….
Define Clear Objectives and Scope: Establishing clear, concise, and
achievable objectives and a well-defined scope is crucial for project
success;
Engage Stakeholders: Active stakeholder engagement is essential for 12
understanding their needs, expectations, and concerns.
Ethical and Professional Behavior: Maintaining ethical standards and
professional behavior is crucial for building trust and credibility.
This principle emphasizes honesty, integrity, transparency, and respect in all
project- related activities and interactions with stakeholders
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Project Management Methodologies
A project management methodology is a set of principles that project managers
and team leaders use to plan, execute and manage a successful project
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Waterfall Methodology
Each phase must be completed before the next begins
this methodology best suits projects with clear, fixed requirements and time
constraints;
Sectors like construction, manufacturing, and specific areas of software
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development are ideal candidates for waterfall methodology because they have
clear scopes with minimal changes
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Agile Methodology
Agile methodology divides projects into iterations or sprints, focusing on
continuous value delivery and integrating customer feedback with each cycle;
Agile methodology is also highly beneficial for various sectors beyond
software development
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Summary
Project;
Project Management;
Role of project manager;
Principle of project management; 14
Project management methodology;
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Thank You
Questions?
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