This task was developed by high school and postsecondary mathematics and agriculture sciences educators,
and validated by content experts in the Common Core State Standards in mathematics and the National Career
Clusters Knowledge & Skills Statements. It was developed with the purpose of demonstrating how the
Common Core and CTE Knowledge & Skills Statements can be integrated into classroom learning – and to
provide classroom teachers with a truly authentic task for either mathematics or CTE courses.
TASK: RABBIT FOOD
TARGET COMMON CORE STATE STANDARD(S) IN MATHEMATICS:
[Link].2 Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on
coordinate axes with labels and scales.*
[Link].3 Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or inequalities, and interpret
solutions as viable or nonviable options in a modeling context.*
[Link].12 Graph solutions to a linear inequality in two variables as a half-plane and graph the solution set to a system of
linear inequalities in two variables as the intersection of the corresponding half-planes.
N.Q.1 Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret
units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays.*
N.Q.3 Choose a level of accuracy appropriate to limitations on measurement when reporting quantities.*
TARGET STANDARDS FOR MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES
MP.1 Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them.
MP.2 Reason abstractly and quantitatively.
MP.4 Model with mathematics.
MP.6 Attend to precision.
TARGET COMMON CORE STATE STANDARD(S) IN ELA/LITERACY:
RST.9-10.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to the precise details
of explanations or descriptions.
RST.9-10.3 Follow precisely a complex multi-step procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or
performing technical tasks, attending to special cases or exceptions defined in the text.
RST.9-10.5 Analyze the structure of the relationships among concepts in a text, including relationships among key terms
(e.g., force, friction, reaction force, energy).
RST.9-10.7 Translate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text into visual form (e.g., a table or
chart) and translate information expressed visually or mathematically (e.g., in an equation) into words.
TARGET CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION (CTE) KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS STATEMENTS:
AGPA01.02.01 Execute key processes related to food product development and enhancement.
AGPA01.03 Plan, implement, manage, and/or provide services associated with the preservation and packaging of food and
food products to prepare products for distribution.
AGPC01.03.03 Analyze feedstuffs and the animal nutrient requirement and determine if the ration is adequate.
RECOMMENDED MATHEMATICS COURSE(S):
Algebra 1 or Geometry; Integrated Math I or II; Animal Science; Agribusiness Management; Food Science
ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS:
This task can be completed in one day and may be used as a formative or summative assessment. Graphing utility may or
may not be helpful. Having students graph the linear equations on graph paper may be an important part of the
assessment/learning experience.
* Modeling standards appear throughout the CCSS high school standards and are indicated by a star symbol (*).
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About the Common Core State Standards in Mathematics
The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) for Mathematics are organized by grade level in grades K–8. At the high
school level, the standards are organized by conceptual category (number and quantity, algebra, functions,
geometry, and probability and statistics), showing the body of knowledge students should learn in each category to
be college and career ready, and to be prepared to study more advanced mathematics. The Standards for
Mathematical Practice describe ways in which developing student practitioners of the discipline of mathematics
increasingly ought to engage with the subject matter as they grow in mathematical maturity and expertise
throughout the elementary, middle and high school years. [Link]
About the Common Core State Standards in English Language Arts/Literacy
The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) for ELA/Literacy are organized by grade level in grades K–8. At the high
school level, the standards are organized by 9-10 and 11-12 grade bands. Across K-12 there are four major strands:
Reading, Writing, Speaking and Listening, and Language. The CCSS also include Standards for Literacy in
History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects, with content-specific (Reading and Writing) literacy
standards provided for grades 6-8, 9-10, and 11-12, to demonstrate that literacy needs to be taught and nurtured
across all subjects. [Link]
About the Career Cluster Knowledge and Skill Statements
As an organizing tool for curriculum design and instruction, Career Clusters™ provide the essential knowledge and
skills for the 16 Career Clusters™ and their Career Pathways. It also functions as a useful guide in developing
programs of study bridging secondary and postsecondary curriculum and for creating individual student plans of
study for a complete range of career options. As such, it helps students discover their interests and their passions,
and empowers them to choose the educational pathway that can lead to success in high school, college and career.
[Link] Although not included in this
template, all Clusters and Pathways have Foundational Academic Expectations and Essential Knowledge & Skills
Statements, which, in some cases, overlap with the Common Core State Standards.
KEY TERMS
Fat/Carbohydrate/Protein ratio
Optimum price or cost
Graphing constraints
Feasible region 2
RABBIT FOOD – The Task
In order to maintain the weight and health of rabbits that will be sold for pets, rabbits must be fed a daily diet
containing a minimum of 24 grams (g) of fat, 36 g of carbohydrates, and 4 g of protein and should be fed no
more than five ounces of food a day.
There are two major products on the market you are considering: Food X and Food Y. Food X contains 8 g of
fat, 12 g of carbohydrates, and 2 g of protein per ounce, and costs $0.20 per ounce. Food Y contains 12 g of fat,
12 g of carbohydrates, and 1 g of protein per ounce, at a cost of $0.30 per ounce. It may be that one of these
products meets all constraints set out in the problem and achieves the lowest total cost, or it may be
necessary to blend Food X and Food Y to achieve an optimal mix. Use this information to answer the questions
below:
Let x = number of ounces of Food X
Let y = number of ounces of Food Y
1. What linear inequality, in terms of x and y, would represent the total amount of food in ounces?
2. What linear inequality would represent the total fat content?
3. What linear inequality would represent the total carbohydrate content?
4. What linear inequality would represent the total protein content?
5. In a single coordinate plane, graph these equations including any other reasonable constraints. Shade the
feasible region, label your equations, and identify the scale on the axes.
6. Write an equation that models the total cost of the food blend (optimization equation).
7. Using your graph from question 5 and total cost equation from question 6, determine the optimum
solution to the problem – the solution that meets all constraints set out in the problem and achieves the
lowest total cost. What point on the graph identifies this optimum solution?
8. Show/Explain how you know your solution is the optimum one. Discuss any concerns or qualifications that
might arise in selecting this optimal solution.
9. Given that your facility can hold 250 rabbits and feed is 92% of your cost, use your minimum daily cost of
feed per rabbit to determine your total expenses for each day.
10. You will sell the rabbits at five weeks of age. If you want to make $400, for how much do you need to sell
each rabbit? What would be the price per rabbit for a 15% profit?
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RABBIT FOOD – Possible Solution(s)
Since there cannot be negative amounts of food, the first two constraints are: x > 0 and y > 0. The other
constraints come from total ounces of food, and grams of fat, carbohydrates, and protein per ounce.
1. Total ounces of food: x+y≤5 or y≤-x+5
2. Fat content: 8x + 12y ≥ 24 or y ≥ -(2/3) x + 2
3. Carbohydrate content: 12x + 12y ≥ 36 or y≥-x+3
4. Protein content: 2x + y ≥ 4 or y ≥ -2x +4
5.
6. The equation that models total cost of the food blend is the cost relation: C = 0.2x + 0.3y.
7. At any place in the shaded area the fat/carb/protein requirements are met. All feasible solutions to the
problem are contained in the shaded region. To find the
optimum solution, substitute the coordinate pairs at the Point 0.2x + 0.3y = Total cost
intersections of the boundaries into the objective function (total (0, 5) 0.2(0) + 0.3(5) = $1.50
cost equation) and compare the total cost: (5, 0) 0.2(5) + 0.3(0) = $1.00
(0, 4) 0.2(0) + 0.3(4) = $1.20
Where y = -x + 5 intersects x = 0 and y = 0: (5, 0) and (0, 5) (3, 0) 0.2(3) + 0.3(0) = $0.60
Where y = - 2x + 4 intersects x = 0: (0, 4) (1, 2) 0.2(1) + 0.3(2) = $0.80
Where y = - x + 3 intersects y = 0: (3, 0)
Where y = - 2x + 4 intersects y = - x + 3: (1, 2)
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The minimum cost will be 3 ounces of Food X and 0 ounces of Food Y, corresponding to coordinate point
(3,0) for a total cost of $0.60 per ounce.
8. At the point (3, 0) we find the minimum cost. All other intersection points have a larger total cost than
(3, 0). The fat/carb/protein ratio for 3 oz of Food X would be 24/36/6, which falls within the constraints of the
requirements (a minimum of 24/36/4).
While 3 ounces of food is only 60% of the maximum total amount of food recommended, it is assumed that it
is adequate since the problem specifies no clear minimum for the number of ounces a rabbit should eat each
day. This might, however, be a consideration if experience shows the caloric intake to be insufficient for
rabbits to thrive.
9. 250 rabbits times $0.60 per day = $150.00 per day (daily cost for rabbit food).
$150 = 92% of X
150 / 0.92 = $163.04
The total daily expense for raising the rabbits is $163.04
10. 5 weeks = 7 x 6 days = 35 days
Expenses for five weeks = 35($163.04) = $5706.40
$400 profit:
Total revenue would need to be $5706.40 + $400 = $6106.40
Divide total revenue by the number of rabbits: $6106.40/ 250 = $24.43 price per rabbit
15% profit:
Using the revenue (R)/profit formula:
R−$ 5706 . 40
=15 %=0 . 15
$ 5706 . 40
R – $5706.40 = 0.15($5706.40) = $855.96
R = $855.96+ $5706.40 = $6562.36
Now divide the total revenue by the number of rabbits:
$6562.36 / 250 = $26.25 price per rabbit
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RABBIT FOOD – Possible Extensions
The extensions below represent potential ways in which mathematics and/or CTE teachers can build on the
task above. All of the extensions are optional and can be used in the classroom, as homework assignments,
and/or as long-term interdisciplinary projects.
1. You decide that it may be to your advantage, and the advantage of other rabbit farmers, to create a new
off-the-shelf food product that exactly meets the minimum requirements for fat, carbohydrates, and
protein. Describe the steps you will need to go through, and the issues you will need to consider, as you
examine this alternative.
2. Collect data from other rabbit farmers to determine what food products they are now using for their
rabbits and the costs associated with their choices. Determine whether or not they are receptive to a new
food product and what the cost would need to be for you to have a marketable product.
3. Research the average costs of pet rabbits in your community. How do your rabbits compare, price-wise?
Describe a few way in which you can bring down your prices, other than adjusting the rabbits’ food intake.
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RABBIT FOOD – Appendix: Alignment Ratings
The rating system used in the following charts is as follows:
3 EXCELLENT ALIGNMENT:
The content/performance of the task is clearly consistent with the content/performance of the Common Core State Standard.
2 GOOD ALIGNMENT:
The task is consistent with important elements of the content/performance of the CCSS statement, but part of the CCSS is not addressed.
1 WEAK ALIGNMENT:
There is a partial alignment between the task and the CCSS, however important elements of the CCSS are not addressed in the task.
N/A:
For Mathematical Practices a content rating does not apply.
In the charts C = Content Rating and P = Performance Rating
COLOR KEY
Black = Part of CCSS/K&S Statement
aligned to task
Gray = Part of CCSS/K&S Statement not
aligned to task
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Task-to-Mathematical Practice Alignment Recording Sheet
Task Comments
Task Aligned CCSS Alignment Comments
Name Mathematical Practice Standards C P (Standards selection, partial alignments, reasons for rating, etc.)
(Strengths, weaknesses, possible
improvements, effectiveness,
etc.)
Students analyze givens, constraints, relationships, and
goals. They must make conjectures about the form and
MP.1 Make sense of problems and meaning of the solution and plan a solution pathway.
persevere in solving them. N/A 3
They must make sure their answers make sense in the
context of the problem.
This is a multi-stage
Students make sense of quantities and their relationships problem with real life
RABBIT FOOD
MP.2 Reason abstractly and in problems situations. They must create a coherent applications and
quantitatively. N/A 3 representation of the problem at hand, considering units considerations. It calls for
and attending to the meaning of quantities. students to model
situations algebraically
Students translate constraints into an equation and a
and interpret graphs of
system of inequalities and use a graphical representation
MP.4 Model with mathematics. N/A 3 these inequalities when
to determine an optimal solution. They interpret results
considered as a system.
in the context of the problem.
Students need to clearly define variables and use them
precisely in defining the constraints. They must be
MP.6 Attend to precision. N/A 3 careful about labeling axes and about using appropriate
relational symbols as they express inequalities.
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Task-to-Common Core State Standards Alignment Recording Sheet
Alignment Comments Task Comments
Task Aligned CCSS (Strengths, weaknesses,
Name Content Standards C P (Standards selection, partial alignments, reasons for
possible improvements,
rating, etc.)
effectiveness, etc.)
[Link].2 Create equations in two or more variables to Students are required to create the two-
represent relationships between quantities; graph variable equation that defines the cost function.
equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales.* 3 3 They also need to graph it and define the
graphic scale.
[Link].3 Represent constraints by equations or Students represent constraints by inequalities
inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or and an equation and use the equation and
inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or 3 3 system of inequalities to perform the task at
nonviable options in a modeling context.* hand. This complex real-world
RABBIT FOOD
[Link].12 Graph solutions to a linear inequality in two The focus of this task is on linear programming, task combines
variables as a half-plane and graph the solution set to creating and graphing a system of inequalities representing situations
a system of linear inequalities in two variables as the 3 3 and applying the graph to answer questions in algebraically with the
intersection of the corresponding half-planes. the contextual situation. graphing and
interpretation of such
N.Q.1 Use units as a way to understand problems This task asks students to choose and use units inequalities.
and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; and graphic displays in the contextual multi-
choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; 3 3 step problem.
choose and interpret the scale and the origin in
graphs and data displays.*
N.Q.3 Choose a level of accuracy appropriate to Decisions regarding levels of precision are
limitations on measurement when reporting 3 3 required throughout the task.
quantities.*
* Modeling standards appear throughout the CCSS high school standards and are indicated by a star symbol (*).
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Task-to-National Career Cluster Knowledge & Skills Statements Alignment Recording Sheet
Task Aligned National Career Cluster Knowledge &
Name Skills Statements
C P Alignment Comments Task Comments
AGPA01.02.01 Execute key processes related to The task requires students to comply with specific
food product development and enhancement. standards for feeding rabbits. Students must
2 2 identify an optimal blend for the food, while
minimizing cost.
Overall, the task uses
RABBIT FOOD
AGPA01.03 Plan, implement, manage, and/or The task requires students to plan and manage
provide services associated with the tasks associated with food products due to the the application of raising
preservation and packaging of food and food parameters set for a healthy rabbit diet and the rabbits to demonstrate
products to prepare products for distribution. 1 2 constraints imposed by the two food products the mathematical
available for blending. The task does not relate calculations involved in
clearly to preservation, packaging or distribution. determining an
outcome.
AGPC01.03.03 Analyze feedstuffs and the animal The task provides the nutrient requirement and
nutrient requirement and determine if the ration the feedstuffs for the animals, but provides an
is adequate. 2 1 opportunity to calculate adequate nutritional
needs and incorporates cost evaluation.
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