01.

MOTION

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 Velocity Acceleration
• Velocity (vector) is the
Types of Velocity Retardation:
• Uniform velocity: Equal displacement • Rate of change of velocity Retardation is the rate
displacement of an object in
in equal time intervals • Vector quantity of decrease of velocity
unit time.
• Non-uniform velocity: Unequal • Unit: m/s² of an object per unit
• Unit: m/s time
displacement or change in direction
• a = (v − u) / t
• v=s/t
V-t Graph Uniform Acceleration Equations of Motion
Change in position of an object S-t Graph • Slope → Acceleration
An object's velocity changes • Valid only for uniform
with time is called Motion. • Straight line → Uniform speed
• Area under graph → Displacement by the same amount in equal acceleration.
• Curved line → Non-uniform speed time intervals • v = u + at
Motion along a straight line is the • s = ut + ½at²
simplest form of motion in which an
object moves in one dimension only.
• v² = u² + 2as

Distance & Displacement Circular motion is the motion

The total length of the actual path of an object along a circular
travelled by an object is distance and path.
the shortest straight-line distance
between the initial and final positions
of an object is displacement. Uniform circular motion
Speed
• Speed (Scalar quantity) is the distance When an object moves in a circular
Difference between Distance & travelled by an object in unit time. path with constant speed, its motion
Displacement
• Unit: m/s is called uniform circular motion
Distance is a scalar quantity and
always positive, whereas displacement • v=s/t
is a vector quantity and can be zero, Even at constant speed, an object in
positive, or negative. Average speed is the ratio of total circular motion is accelerated due to
distance travelled to the total time continuous change in direction.
Magnitude of displacement and taken.
distance covered are equal only when Area under v-t Graph
an object is moving along a straight line 𝟐𝝅𝒓
s = area ABCDE V=
Non- Uniform Acceleration 𝒕
in the same direction. s= AB × BC + 1/2 (AD × DE)
Rate of change of velocity is
Displacement can be unequal in equal interval of
zero even when time
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distance is not zero.
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 Don't Miss These! — Must-Do PYQs

In our day-to-day life, we experience or come A car travels 10 m in 5 seconds, 20 m in the

next 10 seconds, and 30 m in the last 10 seconds. The
across different types of motions. Can you give an
average speed of the motion is:
example of the motion when; a) 30 m/s
a) The acceleration is positive and in the direction of b) 2.2 m/s
motion. c) 2.4 m/s
b) The acceleration is uniform or the rate of acceleration d) 2.0 m/s
is constant.
A ball starts from rest and rolls 16 m down an inclined plane
in 4s.
A pulse travels through a slinky 10 m long from one end to
a) What is the acceleration of the ball?
the other end and then back to the point of origin in 3 sec.
b) What is the velocity of ball at the bottom of the inclined
the velocity of pulse in the slinky is:
plane?
a) 3.33 m/s
b) 4.5 m/s
c) 6 m/s The velocity time graph for an object is shown in the
d) 6.66 m/s following figure.
a) State the kind of motion that the above
graph represents,
The velocity time graph of a body is given as follows: b) What does the slope of the graph represent?
a) State the kind of motion represented by OA; AB. c) What does the area under the graph represent?
b) What is the velocity of the body after 10 s and after 40s? d) Calculate the distance travelled by the object in 15s
c) Calculate the retardation of the body
d) Calculate the distance covered by the body between
10th and 30th second

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