Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics
MAM1000W
Tutorial 14 July/August 2012
At the end of the tutorial there is a table of standard integrals that we expect you to know.
Z
1. Find sec3 x dx. [Hint: Write the integrand as a product, and use integration by
parts. You may have to use a trig identity.]
2. Integrals containing square roots of quadratic expressions can often be simplified by
making use of a so-called trigonometric substitution.
(a) Make the substitution x = sec θ to find the value of
√
Z 2
1
√ dx.
1 x2 x2 − 1
[Hint: Find dxdθ
and then write dx in terms of θ and dθ. Remember to change
the limits of integration as well.]
(b) Use an appropriate trigonometric substitution to find
Z
3
(4 − x2 )− 2 dx.
Your answer should (of course) be a function of x. [Hint: To do this, you will
have to use the substitution you have made to find an expression, in terms of
x, for a trigonometric function other that the one you used in the substitution.]
3. Use integration by parts to find the following integrals:
Z √3 Z Z
(a) x arctan x dx (b) arctan 3x dx (c) e−2x cos 3x dx
1
Z
4. Find a reduction formula for the integral tann x dx (n ∈ N+ ).
Z Z π
4
4
Now use this formula to find tan x dx and tan5 x dx.
π
6
Z
1
5. (a) Find the integral dx by completing the square in the denomi-
x2
+ 6x + 18
nator of the integrand and then making a suitable substitution.
(b) Use your answer to (a) to find the integrals
Z 3
x + 6x2 + 18x + 5
Z
2x + 7
(i) dx (ii) dx
x2 + 6x + 18 x2 + 6x + 18
1
6. The problem of integrating a rational function with the degree of the numerator
less than the degree of the denominator can be handled by using the technique of
partial fractions to write such a rational function as the sum of simpler rational
functions. In this question we look at two examples using this method.
(a) For the first example we look at a rational function where the denominator is
a product of three linear factors, two of which are the same. Let
4x + 1
f (x) =
(2x + 3)(x − 1)2
In this case the partial fraction expansion of f has the form:
4x + 1 A B C
f (x) = 2
= + + .
(2x + 3)(x − 1) 2x + 3 x − 1 (x − 1)2
Note that the repeated linear factor gives rise to two different terms. Find
the constants A, B and C.
(b) Use your answer to (a) to find
Z
4x + 1
dx.
(2x + 3)(x − 1)2
(c) For the second example we look at a rational function where the denominator
is a product of a linear factor and a quadratic factor which cannot be factorized
into linear factors with real coefficients. Let
2x
g(x) = .
(x + 1)(x2 + 1)
In this case the partial fraction expansion of g has the form:
A Bx + C
g(x) = + 2 .
x+1 x +1
Find the constants A, B and C.
(d) Use your answer to (a) to find
Z
2x
dx.
(x + 1)(x2 + 1)
7. In the table of integrals at the back of the textbook you will find the entry
Z
u du 2 √
55. √ = 2 (bu − 2a) a + bu + C.
a + bu 3b
Z
y
(a) Use this information to find the integral √ dy.
3 − 5y
Z
sin 2θ
(b) Use your answer to (a) to find the integral √ dθ.
3 − 5 cos θ
[Hint: Use a trig identity and an appropriate substitution.]
2
(c) Suppose your answer to (b) is F (θ) + C. Is it correct to say that
Z π
2 sin 2θ π
√ dθ = F − F (0)?
0 3 − 5 cos θ 2
Give a reason for your answer.
8. In this question we give you a list of integrals, but do not tell you which method to
use. Sometimes you may even have to use one method after the other! Try to find
all these integrals and check your answers. (If you do not know how to check your
answer, ask the tutor.)
x2
Z Z Z
2
(a) 2−4
dx (b) (ln x) dx (c) ln(x2 ) dx
x
Z
2
Z
√
Z √
(d) x ln x dx (e) x x + 3 dx (f) x2 3 − x2 dx
Hint: In (f) you may use a reduction formula, if necessary.
Table of integrals: Basic forms
Z
1
1. xn dx = xn+1 + C (n ∈ R, n 6= −1)
n+1
Z
dx
2. = ln |x| + C
x
Z
3. ex dx = ex + C
ax
Z
4. ax dx = +c (a > 0, a 6= 1)
ln a
Z
5. sin x dx = − cos x + C
Z
6. cos x dx = sin x + C
Z
7. tan x dx = − ln | cos x| + C = ln | sec x| + C
Z
8. cot x dx = ln | sin x| + C
Z
9. sec x dx = ln | sec x + tan x| + C
Z
10. cosec x dx = ln |cosec x − cot x| + C
3
Z
11. sec x tan x dx = sec x + C
Z
12. cosec x cot x dx = −cosec x + C
Z
13. sec2 x dx = tan x + C
Z
14. cosec2 x dx = − cot x + C
Z
dx
15. = arctan x + C
1 + x2
Z
dx
16. √ = arcsin x + C
1 − x2