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Uniqueness

Andhra Pradesh is a state in India characterized by diverse geographical zones including Coastal Plains, Eastern Ghats, and Deccan Plateau, with significant rivers like Godavari and Krishna. The state hosts various protected areas such as wildlife sanctuaries and national parks, showcasing rich biodiversity including rare flora and fauna. Key features include the largest freshwater lake, Kolleru, and significant mangrove ecosystems, contributing to the conservation of numerous endangered species.

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Uniqueness

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The State of Andhra Pradesh is located in East Central Peninsular India.

It represents
the extensive Deccan Bio-Geographic Zone. It has three important geographical zones
i.e., the Coastal Plains, the Eastern Ghats and the Deccan Plateau. It has three
important rivers Godavari, Krishna and Pennar which drain into the Bay of Bengal.

Andhra Pradesh has 1,64.325.89 [Link]. of geographical area of the Notified Forest
area is 36,914.69 [Link]. which is 22.46% of its geographical area. Forest under
Protected Area Network is 8139.89 [Link]. which is 22.05%. There are 1 Tiger Reserve,
1 Elephant Reserve (Koundinya Sanctuary and Rayala Elephant Reserve), 1 Biosphere
Reserve (Seshachalam), 3 National Parks and 13 Wildlife Sanctuaries in the State.

The State is endowed with varied Eco-systems, habitats, and rich heritage of
Biodiversity and is a store house of unique flora and fauna. It harbours some of the rare
and endangered flora like Pterocarpus santalinus (Red Sanders), Cycas beddomi,
Shorea tambaggia, Syzizium alternifolium, Terminalia pallida etc. It has fauna like Tiger,
Gaur (Indian Bison), Great Indian Bustard, Lesser Florican, Jerdon’s Courser, Golden
Gecko, other avifauna like Flamingo, Pelican etc. It has the Second largest Mangrove
eco-system in the country (Godavari and Krishna Estuaries.)
Introduction
Named after Lord Venkateswara, the presiding deity of Tirumala, is the beautiful S.V.
Sanctuary & National Park, which have rich biodiversity. The habitat supports rare and
endangered animals and plants, a few of them endemic to this region. The entire core area
of the Sanctuary is declared as National Park duly enhancing the conservation status of the
populations.

Uniqueness
The Sanctuary is a wonderful abode for rare and endangered floral and faunal species which are endemic only to

Seshachalam hills in the whole world.

Indicator Species
Cycas beddomei, Pterocarpus santalinus (Red sanders), Slender loris, Golden gecko.
Legal Status
The total area of Sri Venkateswara Wildlife Sanctuary is 525.97 sq kms and it is declared as Sanctuary on 02-09-

1985. Out of this, an area of 353.62 sq kms is declared as Sri Venkateswara National Park on 16-10-1989.

Forest Type
Southern tropical dry deciduous forests, Dry Red sanders bearing forests and Southern dry mixed deciduous forests.

Temperature
Mean annual: 25.22Â° C; Max: 43oC; Min: 14Â° C

Flora
This serene forest is brimming with a rich in faunal diversity like Cycas beddomei, the living fossil is endemic to this

region, Shorea robusta, Santalum album, Red sanders, Sterculia urens, East Indian cork screw tree, Ficus religiosa,

etc.

Fauna
The health of any ecosystem depends on all the componets viz; biotic as well as abiotic. Apart from plants,

invertebrates too play a very crucial role in balancing the ecological web in nature. Insects like Preying mantis,

Painted grasshopper, Click beetle, Silk cotton bug, etc; play a crucial role in maintaining a proper balance in the food

chain. The forest is also rich in other lower invertebrates like arachnids, molluscs, etc. Amphibians that control the

insects are represented by Tree frog, Bull frog, etc. Reptiles diversity is represented by the rare, endemic and the

endangered Golden gecko, Monitor lizard, Russellâ€™s viper, etc. Birds like Grey hornbill, Crested serpent eagle,

Black headed oriole, Pied kingfisher, etc. make this â€“ a harmonious place in the abode of Lord Tirumala. Apart from

Slender Loris, the Sanctuary is also a home to mammals like Leopard, Sloth bear, Mouse deer, Giant squirrels, Four

horned antelope, etc.

Introduction RAJIV GANDHI PARK

Drifting from the sheer sandy bottom of River penna and rising in to the large sand dunes as
a distinct ecosystem in the heart of Prodattur town, is this National park. Rameswaram or
Rajiv Gandhi National Park is situated in the central plains of extensions hill ranges of
Veligondas, Palakondas, Lankamallais and Yerramalais in the Cuddapah district of Andhra
Pradesh.
Uniqueness
A beautiful sand dune ecosystem.

Indicator Species
Burrowing snakes (Russell, earth boa, John and boa).

Legal Status
Pending.

Forest Type
Tropical dry deciduous forest. Most of the Sanctuary is sandy. We can also find plains with Sissoo (Sesham) trees

and Eucalyptus forests.

Flora
The park is bequeathed with over 25 plant species like Dalbergia sissoo, Grewia villosa, Gymnema sylvestre, etc.

Fauna
Invertebrates like Scorpions, Spiders, variety of insects like Butterflies, Grasshoppers, Crickets, etc. abound this

forest. Amphibian fauna is represented with species like Bull frog, Common Indian toad, etc. Reptilian fauna includes

like Russell's earth boa, Russell's viper, Common skink, etc. Over 50 species of birds like Peacocks, Little egrets,

Parakeets; etc are found in this forest. Mammals like Spotted deer, Common mongoose, Black napped hare reside in

this sand dune ecosystem.

Papikonda National Park contains valuable and varied flora supported by variety of fauna
including carnivores and herbivores. The luxuriant forest vegetation, varied fauna, high rain
fall and undulating steep hill slopes with a number of hill streams makes the area a typical,
ecological, faunal, floral and geomorphological zone worth protecting and preserving. The
area is mostly is inaccessible with hilly terrain with high slopes & valleys. The area plays a
key role in high precipitation and the consequent origin of various small streams and rivulets
which drain and enrich the perennial River Godavari. The park exists in the Eastern Ghats
which is known for rich floristic diversity with more than 2531 species under 700 genera and
125 families constituting about 13% of the flowering plants of India. The moist deciduous
forests have maximum number of endemic species (173 taxa), followed by dry deciduous
(121 taxa).
The park has carnivore species like the Tiger, Leopard, Hyena and vulnerable bovidae the
Indian gaur present in the area. It has species like sambar, barking deer, chowsinga,
spotted deer forming the prey base for the top predators. The park includes 92 bird species
recorded which includes the common peacock, Red jungle fowl, etc., and reptiles like Indian
python, king cobra, Indian cobra, monitor lizard, chamaelon, fresh water crocodile, Indian
Golden gecko etc. The park has floral species with a high degree of ecological significance.
There are around 31 species of plants that are being red listed and been recorded in ENVIS
website are present in the park. The park is also know for agro-biodiversity with the
presence of 96 species which are wild relatives of crops. A unique dwarf breed of goat
known locally as the “kanchu mekha” originates in this region.

The predominant and most extensive forest type found in the park is Southern Tropical Dry
Deciduous type (Type 5A) and the species found in this type are mainly dry deciduous
species.
The Forest types found in the National Park area are

S.N Forest type

1 5A/ C1 - Dry Mixed Teak Forests

2 5A/C3 - Southern dry mixed deciduous forests

3 3B/C2 - Southern moist mixed deciduous forests

The quality of the crop is mostly quality IV ranging from 40 to 60 feet of height. In pockets
where the soils are fertile with good drainage, the quality, is of II quality where the average
height ranges from 60 to 80 feet. This geological formation consists of Granite, Graphite,
Gneisses, and associated Rocks, Ferrugenous quartzites, banded magnetite and quartz.
Gneiss and Schiests form the underlying rock in all the hill forests, sand stone formations
are well developed in the plain forests in West Godavari District. Most of the rocks are
metamorphic with granitic intrusions, which have undergone long and severe weathering
resulting in sandy to sandy loam soils.
CLIMATE : TROPICAL

TERRAIN : SLOPY (30% to 50%)

ROCKS : Granite, Graphite, Gneisses, and associated Rocks, Ferrugenous quartzites, banded
magnetite and quartz. Most are metamorphic rocks

SOIL : Lateritic, alluvial, Loamy and black

RAINFALL : 934 to 1375 mm

TEMPERATURE : 170C to 370C and at certain times a max. of 480c

KEYSTONE : SPECIESGAUR

SUBMERGENCE AREA OF INDIRA SAGAR PROJECT (POLAVARAM PROJECT)

RESERVE FOREST : 148.38 Ha.

NON FOREST : 1553.00 Ha.

CORINGA WS

Introduction
Corangi or Coringa is a beautiful Mada or Mangrove Forest, where the river Godavari joins
the backwaters of Bay of Bengal. Between this area and the sea " Hope Island " blocks the
direct confluence of the sea and Godavari. As a result, about 40% of the sanctuary is only
sea-backwaters and the rest of the area is intermingled with creeks and gets inundated with
tidal waters.

Uniqueness
The sea coast of the Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary is a breeding ground for Olive ridley turtles.

Indicator Species
Black capped king fisher, Solomon arab butterfly, Fishing cat, Fiddler crabs, etc.

Legal Status
05.07.1978
Forest Type
Tidal Mangrove forests.

Temperature
Mean annual -25Â° C.; Max -31Â° C. Min -21Â° C.

Flora
Mangrove plants like Rhizophora spp, Avicennia spp, Sonnertia spp, etc;grow here. The plants possess salt glands to

throw out excess of salt. They also give out pencil like roots called " pneumatophores " or breathing roots (these help

in exchange of atmospheric oxygen). The seedlings exhibit a phenomenon called " Viviparity ", where in they grow on

the mother plant and detach themselves, to grow into new plant under favourable conditions.

Fauna
The faunal diversity is wonderful with rare and endangered mammals like Smooth Indian otter, Fishing cat, Jackal,

etc. Mangroves offer excellent habitat for birds like Black capped kingfisher, Brahminy kite, Sea gulls, Reef heron,

Sand piper, etc. Reptilian fauna includes Estuarine crocodile, Olive Ridley sea-turtles, Common Cobra, Rat snake,

etc. The invertebrate fauna that forms the main base for the other higher fauna is extremely diverse and rich with

invertebrates like molluscs, gastropods, crabs, shrimps, insects, etc.

Introduction KOLLERU WS
Kolleru is the largest fresh water lake in the Country, located between the deltas of Krishna
and Godavari rivers. Kolleru serves as a natural food-balancing reservoir between the two
rivers. The lake is fed directly by the seasonal Budameru and Tammileru rivers and is
connected to the Krishna and Godavari systems by 67 inflowing drain and channels. It is an
important water fowl habitat and a reservoir of fish with an average production of 7,000
metric tones per year. Aquaculture to is practiced here.

Uniqueness
The largest fresh water lake in the country. It is one of the Ramsar conservation sites- a paradise for Water birds in

the country.

Indicator Species
Grey pelican
Legal Status
25-09-1995

Forest Type
A wetland marsh habitat, consisting of aquatic weeds and certain tree species.

Temperature
It has a tropical climate. Temp of surface water varies between 24Â° C - 32Â° C.

Flora
Typical wetland flora like Ipomoea aquatic, Ottelia spp, Typha spp, Acacaia nilotica, Samanea saman, Prosopis

juliflora, create a wonderful niche for birds here.

Fauna
The lake supports a rich biodiversity of resident as well as migratory birds like Glossy ibis, Open billed stork, Purple

moorhen, Painted storks, Pied avocet, Marbled teal, Common redshank, etc. It also supports a rich biomass of fish

(63 species) and planktons-a major food source for the birds.

KRISHNA WS

The mangrove derive their name from the word "Mangal"(Portuguese word for mangroves,
"Mangue" ). Krishna Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Krishna river-estuarine forest area
of Bay of Bengal in Krishna and Guntur districts of Andhra Pradesh. The Northern part of
the Sanctuary is covered by back waters of Bay of Bengal. They provide appropriate
ecosystem and refuge for fish, marine invertebrate, and birds.

Uniqueness
This mangrove forest is not only a highly sensitive and productive zone but is also a nursery ground for shrimp, shell

and fin fish. It is a breeding ground for the endangered Olive Ridley turtles.

Indicator Species
Fishing cat, Olive ridley turtles, Fiddler crab, Mud skipper (Fish), Telescopium shells, Black capped King fisher,

Solomon arab butterfly; etc.

Legal Status
26-06-1989

Forest Type
Mangrove forests or Tidal forests.

Temperature
The climate is generally hot and dry with maximum temperatures rising up to 45Â° C during May and drops down to

18Â° C in December.

Flora
There are about 19 species of plants found in this Sanctuary. Presence of all the three species of Avicennia i.e.

Avicennia alba, Avicennia officinalis and Avicennia marina is a unique feature here. Plants like Rhizophora spp,

Excoecaria agallocaha, etc; represent the other characteristic Mangrove flora.

Fauna
Mangrove ecosystems harbor specialized fauna. Invertebrate life is wide-ranging from molluscs, gastropods, prawns,

crabs and insects. The Piscean fauna is amazing with representation of over 40 species of fishes. Herp's like Olive-

ridley turtle, salt water crocodile, spectacled cobra, etc; characterize the reptilian fauna. Apart from black capped

kingfisher - an indicator species, the vibrant bird life is epitomized by feathered bipeds like Brahminy kite,

Flamingoes, Open billed stork, Brown headed gull, Cattle egret, Reef heron, etc. Mammalian fauna is represented by

Fishing cat, Smooth scaled otters, Dolphins, Wolf, Ferral cattle (semi wild cattle), etc.

RAJIV WS

District : Nandyal & Prakasam & Palnadu Area (ha) : 1,25,046

Introduction
Steeped in history, blessed by nature and alive with hundreds of forest denizens is the
'Rajiv Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary’, and the largest Tiger reserve in India popularly called as
“Nagarjuna Sagar Srisailam Tiger reserve’. The sanctuary situated in the Nallamalais, is a
derivative of the Southern Eastern Ghats. The river Krishna forces it's way across the
Nallamalais over 270 kms by a deep and narrow gorge with varying widths on either side.
The sight of the wooded slopes of the hills rising from the dark waters of the river is mind-
refreshing and captivating.

History
Bifurcating the sanctuary into two halves, the river Krishna flows through the Srisailam plateau to the north where it is

called 'Uttaravahini'. The famous and ancient temples of Lord Mallikarjuna and his consort Goddess Bhramaramba

are places of worship from times immortal. Strings of many fresh water tanks have been constructed during Kakatiya

and Vijayanagar dynasties.

Uniqueness
Largest tiger reserve in India spreading over 3727.50 Sq. Km

lt consists of core area of 2444.14 Sq. Kms., buffer area of 1283.36 [Link]., and 1193.68 Sq. Kms. of GBM Wildlife

Sanctuary as extended core area

Also an Important Bird Area (IBA) falling under the criteria: A1, A2 as per the guidelines given by Bird life

International.
Indicator Species
Tiger

Rainfall
South West Monsoon 900 —1000 mm

Forest Type
Southern dry mixed deciduous forest, southern tropical moist deciduous forest intermingled with scrub, bamboo and

grass.

Temperature
Max: 45°C: Min: 8°C

Flora
The amazing and rich floral diversity encompasses species of butterflies, over 50 species of moths, and scores of

medicinal plants and also several rare and endangered species. Trees like Tectona grandis, Terminalia tomentosa,

Terminalia bellerica, Chloroxylon swietenia, Boswellia serrata, etc. aaform a major composition of the forest. Huge

and old trees of Ficus religiosa concentrate in places like Chintala, Pullaipally, etc.
Fauna
The diverse fauna of Nallamalais makes it a researcher's paradise.

Mammals like Leopard, Indian wolf, Wild dog, Jackal, Striped Hyena, Spotted deer, Sambar, Barking deer, Chinkara,

Chowsingha, Nilgai, honey badger, etc. also share this tiger domain.

The forest comes alive with about 200 species of birds like wood sand piper, Temmink's stilt, lesser golden backed

woodpecker, grey hornbill, Brown fish owl, Wigeon, vultures, etc.

The invertebrate life is enthralling with over 100 species of butterflies, over 50 species of moths, and other insects A

few species of invertebrates like whip scorpion, tarantula spider, etc; have been newly discovered here.

District : Kurnool Area (in [Link].) : 6.14 ROLLAPADU WS

Introduction
Dry rolling grasslands of Rollapadu lie between the Nallamalai and Yerramalai hill ranges of
the Eastern Ghats. RWS owes its genesis to the discovery of the endangered Great Indian
Bustard (GIB) in its grasslands in 1982. The Forest Department took immediate measures
to protect the species, including the setting up of safe and livestock free grassland
enclosures for the GIB, which benefited other wildlife too.

At Rollapadu, even the local people are encouraged to inform any or sightings of GIB or
their eggs. The role of locals in protecting this endangered bird in its grassland home is
worth mentioning.

Uniqueness
The only GIB Sanctuary in Andhra Pradesh.

Indicator Species
GIB, Bengal florican, Wolf.

Legal Status
23-04-1988.

Forest Type
Open grassland interspersed with throny bushes.
Temperature
The climate is generally hot and dry with maximum temperatures rising up to 45Â° C during May and drops down to

18Â° C in December.

Flora
About 32 species of grassed like Aristida funiculata, Chrysopogon fulvus, Heteropogon contortus, etc; comprise the

major flora of the grassland. Also seen are plants like Cassia fistula (Golden shower tree), Butea monosperma

(Flame of the forest), Acacia spp, Ziziphus mauritiana, etc. The grassland sports a bare and dry look by the month of

May and again turns lush green with grass growing up to 1 meter in height during the rainy season.

Fauna
The grassland Sanctuary is rich in invertebrate fauna particularly the insects that form a major part of the diet of most

of the birds. The reptilian life too is wonderful with about 19 species like large Land monitor lizards, Geckos, Skinks,

Saw-scaled viper; etc. So far about 6 species of amphibians have been recorded here. RWS is a home to some of

the rarest bird species of the world. There are about 124 bird species like the Lesser florican, Demoiselle crane,

Black stork, White stork, Harriers, etc; which share the grassland along with Great Indian Bustard. These plains are

also a home to endangered mammals like the Golden jackal, Indian wolf, Black buck, Chinkara; etc.

District : Nandyal & Prakasam Area (in [Link].) : 1193.68GUDLA WS

Introduction
It is located between two important hill passes known as "Mantralamma kanuma" and
"Nandi kanuma". The Northern part of this Sanctuary forms a major part of the Southern
boundary for Nagarjunasagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve.

Uniqueness
The hilly terrain of the Sanctuary, decked with plateaus, ridges, gorges and deep valleys support a diverse flora and

fauna. The springs, sacred groves and the perennial river 'Gundlakamma' that criss-crosses through the Sanctuary

add to the beauty of the Sanctuary. It also has many, mesic sites and ancient rock formations.

Indicator Species
Tiger, Panther, Wild dog, Bats, Fig trees

Legal Status
18.09.1990
Forest Type
Dry mixed deciduous forest, moist dry deciduous, semi evergreen, dry deciduous scrub forest and dry savannahs.

Temperature
46Â° C in summer and 18Â° C in winter.

Flora
The floral diversity of this Sanctuary is incredible, with over 353 species of plants including trees, herbs, shrubs,

climbers, grasses. The forest is an adobe to medicinal plants of which 10 are critically endangered, 21 are

Endangered and 27 species are vulnerable. The plants like Madhuca longifolia, Dellenia pentagyna, Aristolochia

indica, Terminalia arjuna, Pithecolobium ducle, Adina cordifolia, Vanda spp; etc; thrive here.

Fauna
The forest life teems with invertebrate fauna including insects, scorpions, spiders, crabs, and other lower

invertebrates. Amphibians like Leith's frog, Indian bull frog, Marbled balloon frog, Common toad, etc; are found here.

Marsh crocodile, Cantor's black-headed snake, Russell's viper, Common skink, etc; are a few of the reptilian

wonders. Its proximity to NSTR makes the bird diversity is very colourful. Birds like Demoiselle crane. Spot billed

duck, Red start, Bar headed goose, Horned owl, Grey Hornbill, Ashy prinia, Paradise flycatcher; etc are to name a

few. Tiger, Leopard, Rusty spotted cat, Indian Flying squirrel, threatened Lesser wooly horse-shoe bat (found only in

GBM WLS), rare Savi's pygmy shrew; etc represent the mammalian fauna.

District : Kadapa & SPSR Nellore Area (in [Link].) :

464.42LANKAMALLESHWARA WS

Introduction
This Sanctuary is the Pride of India. The bird Jerdon's courser, found only in Andhra
Pradesh, was first discovered in the year 1848 and last reported in the year 1900. This bird,
widely believed to be extinct since then, was rediscovered in the year 1986 in the scrub
jungles of Reddipally village of Kadapa district. The Sanctuary forms the catchment for river
Pennar. The Telugu ganga canal flows into the eastern flank of the Sanctuary draining into
the 'Pennar river'.

Uniqueness
In the whole world, Sri Lanka Malleswara Sanctuary is the only home and hope for the rare and endangered bird â€“

the Jerdonâ€™s courser that was once thought to be extinct, later rediscovered after a span of 100 years in 1986.
Indicator Species
Jerdon's Double Banded courser, Carissa caranda (Kallimi) shrub.

Legal Status
17-07-1998.

Forest Type
Southern tropical dry deciduous forest in the hills, scrub forest in the plains, Southern dry mixed deciduous forest,

patches of Dry Red sanders bearing forests and Hardwickia bipinnata forest, Tropical thorn forests and Tropical dry

evergreen forest.

Temperature
Max 44Â°C, Min 20Â°C

Flora
The rare and endangered plants like Red sanders and Sandalwood are important species found in this area. The

riparian vegetation is very in rich in floristic value, consisting of Terminalia spp, Syzygium spp, (Jamun), Wild

mangoes, Anogeissus latifolia, Phoenix spp, Bamboo, Hardwickia binata, etc.

Fauna
This Courser habitat also has good representation of amphibian species like Common toad, Bull frog, etc. The

reptiles like Common Indian skink, Green vine snake, Common Indian Cobra, etc; are associated with this forest.

Apart from Double banded or the Jerdon's courser, other birds like Indian tree-pie, Common Indian Night jar, Grey

francolin, Grey hornbill, etc; are seen here. Endangered mammals like Panther, Jackal, Chinkara, Chowsingha, Sloth

bear, etc; make this Sanctuary their home. This diversity in the amphibian life, reptilian life, avian life and mammalian

life supplements the richness of the invertebrate fauna found in the forest.

District : SPSR Nellore Area (in [Link].) : 4.58NELAPATTU WS

Introduction
Named after the village - 'Nelapattu', located just adjoining in the Sanctuary in Nellore
district of Andhra Pradesh is this wetland mainly for migratory water birds. The farmers of
Nelapattu and their bird visitors have a symbiotic relationship. The bird 'Guano' (waste
matter) acts as a natural fertilizer to the crops and the villagers in turn protect the birds.
Uniqueness
The largest breeding ground for the Grey pelicans in South East Asia, with approximately 1,500 pelicans breeding

every year. The local people of Nelapattu, Muchalagunta, Mylangam, etc; protect the birds as "celestial birds", as

their arrival brings good rains and good crops.

Legal Status
25-09-1976.

Forest Type
Southern Dry Evergreen Scrub, Barringtonia swamp forests, Grassland and wetland.

Temperature
Max: 43Â°C; Min: 23Â°C

Flora
About 108 plant species including; herbs, shrubs, climbers, trees are found in Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary. Plants like

Buchnania angustifolia, barringtonia actutangula, Acacia arabica, Albizzia amara, Borassus flabellifer, Euphorbia

antiquorum, etc; are a few of the dominant species in this wetland Sanctuary.

Fauna
Scorpion fish, Cat fish, Fresh water silark; etc; account for the amazing fish fauna. The birds also feed on prawns

found in the water. The majority of the faunal composition in the Sanctuary is birds with over 186 species of birds like

Spot billed pelican, Grey frigate bids, Black bittern, Lesser whistling teal, Black capped kingfisher, Whimbrel, Painted

snipe, Spotted sand piper, Gull billed tern, Orange breasted green pigeon, Indian pitta, Loten's sunbird, Ashy minivet,

Shama, etc; are to name a few. The mammalian life is represented by Jackal, Black napped hare, Jungle cat, etc.

District : SPSR Nellore Area (in [Link].) : 600 PULICAT BS

Introduction
Pulicat is a vast coastal shallow, brackish water lagoon along the coast of Bay of Bengal in
to which streams drain. Its length is about 70 kms and width varies from 1 km to 20 kms.
The lake has 16 island villages and 30 villages adjoining the lake. The people depend on
the lake for their livelihood. The lake supports a colossal number of flora and fauna adapted
to this brackish water ecosystem.
Uniqueness
The second largest brackish water eco-system in the Country supporting the largest congregation of Flamingoes is

Andhra Pradesh. Greater Flamingoes come to Pulicat from Great Rann of Kutch (their breeding place), in the month

of October and return back in April.

Indicator Species:
Flamingoes. About 15,000 flamingoes visit Pulicat each year.

Legal Status
20-09-1976.

Forest Type
Southern tropical dry evergreen forests, interspersed with Mangrove forests and littoral vegetation and cane brakes

on Sri Harikota Island.

Temperature
Max: 48Â°C; Min: 28Â°C; Winter 9Â°C

Flora
The green kingdom is represented with about 132 plant species like Walsura piscida; Manilkara elengi, Excoecaria

agallocaha, Spinifex littoreus, Calamus viminalis, etc.

Fauna
The Sanctuary is rich in invertebrate life including planktons, molluscs, insects, coelenterates and crustaceans.

Prawns and fishes are also abundant here. The fish fauna is incredible with over 60 species like Pomfret, Sable fish,

Sargin fish, etc. Monitor lizard, Common Krait, etc; constitute the reptilian realm. The avian dominion is epitomized by

200 bird species like Greater and Lesser flamingo, Garganey, Spot billed duck, Besra sparrow hawk, Pied Avocet,

Painted snipe, Grey plover, Marsh harrier, Rufous turtle dove, Brown headed gull, Indian Great reed warbler, Blue

chat, Yellow throated sparrow, etc. Jackal, Jungle cat, Black napped hare; are a few of the mammalian species

inhabiting the Sanctuary.

District : Chittoor Area (in [Link].) : 357.6 KAUNDINYA WS

Introduction
Kaundinya Elephant Sanctuary is located in Palamner - Kuppam forest ranges of Chittoor
district of Andhra Pradesh, on the Andhra Pradesh - Chittoor road. This Sanctuary comes
under Project elephant - a Country wide Elephant Conservation Project taken up by
Government of India. The Sanctuary also has many places of attraction around it.

Uniqueness
The only home for Asiatic elephants in the State of Andhra Pradesh.

Indicator Species:
Asiatic Elephant.

Legal Status
18-12-1990.

Forest Type
Southern tropical dry deciduous forest, with patches of thorn, scrub and grassy plains.

Temperature
Summer - 45Â° C; Winter up to 9Â° C

Flora
Plants like Albizzia amara, Ficus glomerata, Zizyphus xylocarpus, Gymnosporia Montana, etc; make this a green

panoramic place with a breathtaking floral diversity.

Fauna
Insects like Gongylus praying mantis, Painted grasshopper, Plain tiger butterfly, Common grass yellow butterfly, etc;

abound this elephant land. Reptiles like Common cobra, Rat snake, Indian rock python, Forest calotes, Skinks, etc;

make this place their abode. Birds like Partidges, quails, storks, Cotton teal, etc; make this Sanctuary their domicile.

A further balance in the food-web is maintained by mammals like Indian Elephant, Panther, Sloth bear, Wild boar,

Chowsingha, Nilgai, Hyena, Jackal, etc.

District : Chittoor Area (in [Link].) : 525.97 SRI VENKATESWARA WS

Introduction
Named after Lord Venkateswara, the presiding deity of Tirumala, is the beautiful S.V.
Sanctuary & National Park, which have rich biodiversity. The habitat supports rare and
endangered animals and plants, a few of them endemic to this region. The entire core area
of the Sanctuary is declared as National Park duly enhancing the conservation status of the
populations.
Uniqueness
The Sanctuary is a wonderful abode for rare and endangered floral and faunal species which are endemic only to

Seshachalam hills in the whole world.

Indicator Species
Cycas beddomei, Pterocarpus santalinus (Red sanders), Slender loris, Golden gecko.

Legal Status
The total area of Sri Venkateswara Wildlife Sanctuary is 525.97 sq kms and it is declared as Sanctuary on 02-09-